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The evidential value of saliva in stains encountered in crime investigations can be of considerable importance. Whether the stains are a result of expectoration or a consequence of some sexual or violent act resulting in saliva being mixed with other body fluids, the investigating forensic expert is faced with two fundamental problems: localization of stain and visualization of stain. Visualization of saliva is problematic unlike other body fluids like blood which has its own internal marker (i.e., hemoglobin) or semen that can be easily identified by acid phosphatase method.: Evaluate of lugol’s Iodine as an easy, chair side screening tool for identification of saliva from the crime scene. In the present study saliva stains on different fabrics viz. silk, polyester, linen, jute, cotton, georgette, sarton and other items like paper cups, chocolate wrapper aluminium, plastic bags, stainless steel spoon (cutlery) were examined using Lugol’s iodine. Lugol’s Iodine test was found to give Positive results for saliva stains on different fabrics and it was also found that the stains on different fabrics gives positive results for saliva even after washing with water, but none of the fabrics gave positive results for saliva after washing with detergents and alcohol.From the above study it is concluded that Saliva is retained in fabrics even after washing with water. Detergents fades off the color of stain and alcohol darkens the colour of stain from study items.

The most frequent instrument used to begin tightening screws is a manually regulated screwdriver. Regarding manually regulated screwdrivers, predicted margins of error vary between fifteen percent to forty eight percent. Mechanical Torque restricting devices can consistently produce the requisite torques. As a result, devices like wrenches are needed to achieve the desirable values of torque. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the torque difference between handheld drivers and torque wrench and thereby its effect on the internal threads of implant surface.120 blocks was prepared from an autopolymerizing type of acrylic material each with a dimension of 1 inch. The centre of each block was affixed with analogue of dental impalnts with dimensions of 3.5 mm width and 13 mm length. With 60 specimens each, these models were split into two categories: hand torque specimens category and torque wrench specimens category. A stereomicroscope was used to look at the implant analog's internal threading architecture at a magnification of 100. At the bottom and top, four threads were spaced apart by a certain amount. Biowizard software was used for the assessment, and the results were recorded. Threads on the internal surface of dental implants were produced once more following torquing the implant's impression, and the stereomicroscope was used to quantify the separation between the 4 threads. Statistics were used to correlate the readings. All study participants' hand torque as well as torque wrench measurements were documented and statistical analysis was performed on them. When there was statistical analysis of the measurements then it was observed that mean values of torque in specimens included category of manual torque application was found out to be 33.6 ± 6.510 Ncm. On the other hand the mean values of torque in specimens included in category of torque application by torque wrench were found out to be 33.57 ± 3.472 Ncm. The outcome showed operator heterogeneity for both categories and operator variance when using a manual driver to generate torque. One independent - sample t test was used to contrast the mean data between the two categories, and P< 0.05 was chosen to determine whether the intergroup difference was meaningful. Because the torque values obtained with hand tightening were uneven, it may be concluded that different levels of hand torquing skill caused the torque to fluctuate. The torque wrench device displayed the desired torque data in the range that the manufacturer had advised. However, utilising manual drivers and a mechanical torque instrument did not cause any modifications to thread on the internal surface, and it rarely underwent significant deformation during the preliminary tightening torque readings. Thus, given that manually hand regulated drivers create a range of torques, it may be inferred that the employment of mechanical torque restricting instruments should be required.

A large percentage of people are being exposed to mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Convention approaches have not provided satisfactory outcomes in the management of these diseases. To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches, nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanotubes, micelles, lipid-based nanocarriers, dendrimers, and carbon-based nanoformulations represent the new aspect of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The unique inherent properties of the nanomaterials are the major reasons for their rapidly growing demand in the field of medicine. Profound knowledge in the field of nanotechnology and biomedicine is needed for the notable translation of nanomaterials into theranostic cardiovascular applications. In this review, the authors have summarized different nanomaterials which are being extensively used to diagnose and treat the diseases, such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke and thrombosis.

Background : Mouth is the mirror of the body which reflects underlying systemic disease.The oral cavity has an important anatomical location with a role in many critical physiologic and pathological processes. Any system involved in the pathological process has all the possibilities to manifest in the oral cavity in many forms. Some are general features and some are more specific characteristic signs. Aim:The aim of this case report isearly recognition of such lesions alarms the oral physician to further deepen the observation and appropriate investigations advised so that severe complications can be avoided. Material and Methods: Idiopathic ThyrombocytopeniaPurpura in 40 year old male patientwith significant past medical (Hypertension since 5yrs) presented with primary oral lesions involving in the oral cavity which upon thorough evaluation and investigations proved to be a serious underlying bleeding disorder. Conclusion: Oral Physiciansmust have a basic insight into the oral findings ofbleeding disorders and should arrange and prepare the necessary assistance in advance.However, diligent cooperation among Patient, Hematologists ,and Oral Physicians is equally important., {"references":["1.\tCines DB, Bussel JB. How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood 2005;106:2244-51.","2.\tCines DB, McMillan R. Management of adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Annu Rev Med 2005;56:425-42.","3.\tCoopamah MD, Garvey MB, Freedman J, Semple JW. Cellular immune mechanisms in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: An update. Transfus Med Rev 2003;17:69-80.","4.\tThemistocleous E, Ariyaratnam S, Duxbury AJ. Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report. Dent Update. 2004; 31: 92-96.","5.\tKurata Y, Fujimura K, Kuwana M, Tomiyama Y, Murata M. Epidemiology of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children and adults in Japan: a population-based study and literature review. Int J Hematol. 2011; 93: 329-335.","6.\tSunita M, Rajesh R. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Overview with Report of a Case. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 2011;23:S454-S457.","7.\tRodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, Michel M, Provan D, Arnold DM, et al. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood.2009; 113: 2386-2393.","8.\tUchiyama M, Hattori A, Tanaka T, Miyaji T, Matsuki Y, Fujii T, et al. Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in an elderly patient. Intern Med. 2009; 48: 1449-1452","9.\tSangwan A, Tewari S, Narula SC, Sharma RK, Sangwan P. Significance of periodontal health in primary immune thrombocytopenia- a case report and review of literature. J Dent (Tehran). 2013; 10: 197-202.","10.\tCines DB, Bussel JB. How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Blood.2005; 106: 2244-2251.","11.\tKurata Y, Fujimura K, Kuwana M, Tomiyama Y, Murata M. Epidemiology of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children and adults in Japan: a population-based study and literature review. Int J Hematol. 2011; 93: 329-335.","12.\tVaisman B, Medina AC, Ramirez G. Dental treatment for children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopaenicpurpura: a report of two cases. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2004; 14: 355-362.","13. \tPortielje JE, Westendorp RG, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Brand A. Morbidity and mortality in adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood.2001; 97: 2549-2554.","14. Bussel JB, Buchanan GR, Nugent DJ, Gnarra DJ, Bomgaars LR, Blanchette VS, et al.A randomized, doubleblind study of romiplostim to determine its safety and efficacy in children with immune thrombocytopenia.Blood.2011; 118: 28-36.","15.\tFotos PG, Graham WL, Bowers DC, Perfetto SP. Chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.A 3-year study.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1983; 55: 564-567.","16.\tJames WD, Guiry CC, Grote WR. Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1984; 57: 149-151.","17. \tReddy VV, Rawal YB. Childhood thrombocytopenic purpura--review and a case report. Indian J Dent Res. 1996; 7: 103-106","18. \tOwais Z, Dane J, Cumming CG. Unprovoked periodontal hemorrhage, life-threatening anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura: an unusual case report. Spec Care Dentist.2003; 23: 58-62.","19. \tHegde RJ, Parimala K, Shivaprakash. Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood: a case report. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent.2003; 21: 42-44."]}

Introduction : Turbinoplasty is a procedure that aims to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate through exuberant bone removal with high mucosal preservation. The procedure is recommended for patients with or without allergic rhinitis and those showing irreversible hypertrophy of inferior turbinates. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty for obstructive and non-obstructive symptoms in patients with or without allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Prospective study with 57 patients who underwent inferior turbinoplasty. They were evaluated for nasal obstruction, snoring, facial pressure, smell alterations, sneezing, nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, surgery time, and intraoperative bleeding. The last evaluation took place three months after surgery. Results: Thirty-nine patients with allergic rhinitis and 18 without it were assessed. Ninety days after surgery, 94.7% of patients showed breathing improvement; 89.5% showed moderate or complete improvement in snoring; all patients showed smell improvement; 95.5% experienced complete facial pressure improvement; and 89.7% showed moderate to complete improvement in nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, as well as in sneezing. Conclusion: The efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty was confirmed not only for obstructive symptoms, but also for non-obstructive symptoms in patients with and without allergic rhinitis. Keywords: Turbinates, Rhinitis, Olfaction disorders, Smell, Snoring, Nasal obstruction.

Objective: To assess acute otitis media with facial nerve paralysis, its prognosis, and treatment. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study. Thirteen patients of acute otitis media associated with facial nerve paralysis attended the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology between May 2017 and April 2019. All patients were clinically assessed with appropriate investigations, prognosis, and treatment. Results: Out of 13 patients, 2 were identified with complete facial paralysis and the remaining 11 patients presented with incomplete paralysis. Medical treatment including antibiotics and corticosteroids failed, while myringotomy and facial nerve decompression were done with a favourable outcome. Eleven patients recovered to grade-I (House-Brackmann) and 2 cases to grade-II (House-Brackmann). Conclusion: Peripheral facial nerve paralysis in acute otitis media is rare. Antibiotics and steroids yield good outcome as conservative management. In case of failure by conservative treatment, facial nerve decompression yields a favourable outcome. Keywords: Acute otitis media, Facial nerve paralysis Myrigotomy, Facial nerve decompression.

Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure, and is increasingly performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) as opposed to the operating room. Procedural knowledge is essential and is therefore outlined in this review. We also review several high-quality studies comparing percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and open surgical tracheostomy. The percutaneous method has a comparable, if not superior, safety profile and lower cost compared with the open surgical approach; therefore the percutaneous method is increasingly chosen. Standard and specialized varieties of tracheostomy tubes are available and the appropriate type is determined by patient anatomy and the indication for the tracheostomy. Fibre optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing should be considered in assessment of bulbar function and tracheostomy weaning. A patient with a tracheostomy who develops respiratory Distress during the ward weaning process should be investigated for upper airway pathology. Studies comparing early versus late tracheostomy suggest morbidity benefits that include less nosocomial pneumonia, shorter mechanical ventilation and shorter stay in the ICU. However, we discuss the questions that remain regarding the optimal timing of tracheostomy. We outline the potential acute and chronic complications of tracheostomy and their management, and we review the different tracheostomy tubes, their indications and when to remove them. Keywords: Percutaneous, Dilatation, Fascia, Bronchoscopy, Decannulation.

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at higher doses has detrimental effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Putrescine (Put) mitigates 2,4-D induced damage by regulating antio...

Four month ago, nobody knows about covid-19 but now this virus has spread to almost every country, infecting at least 3,062515 people and death approx 211449 people with badly impact on economies of the most countries and also broken their health-care systems. At this time covid-19 disease is almost spreading all over the world and society. Majorly Pharmacy services act as a pillar at this pandemic situation for the public health. China is the first country where covid-19 outbreak started and some current data of consumer behavior and their habits are showed that society take some safe and preventive measures during lockdown and social distancing time which increase growth of ecommerce demand is inevitable. Now a day’s e-pharmacy is being adapted because medications can be ordered in a one click and conveniently delivered to customer door step with some risk like misuse of drugs and self-medication especially for those drugs which comes under the schedule H and X. This review paper focus on the basic issues and challenges related to online pharmacy and how can it be beneficial to society and pharma sectors in the pandemic situation. Keywords: Online Pharmacy, Internet, Corona virus, Pandemic situation, Pharmaceutical sector.

In the financial services industry, it is crucial for analysts to constantly monitor and stay informed on the latest developments of their portfolio of companies. This ensures that analysts are up-to-date in their analysis and provide highly credible and timely insights. Currently, analysts receive news alerts through manually created news alert subscriptions that are often noisy and difficult to manage. The manual review process is time-consuming and error-prone. We demonstrate Discovery News, a framework for an automated news recommender system for financial analysis at S&P's Global Ratings. This system includes the automated ingestion, relevancy, clustering, and ranking of news. The proposed framework is adaptable to any form of input news data and can seamlessly integrate with other data used for analysis like financial data.

Myrica esculenta Buch-ham. Ex D. Don or “Himalayan bayberry” (family Myricaceae) is an extremely valuable wild edible plant whose root, bark, leaves and fruits possess therapeutic properties and are active ingredient in several ayurvedic formulations employed for the treatment of various ailments and disorders including asthma, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, anemia, fever, diarrhea etc. Polyphenols from Himalayan bayberry fruit pulp and seeds were extracted using 80% acetone. TPC and TFC in the pulp and seed extracts were determined according to the FolinCiocalteau method and aluminum chloride method respectively. Antioxidant potentials of pulp and seed extracts were determined as DPPHRSA, ABTSRSA and FRA. Anti-proliferative activities of the fruit pulp and seed extracts were analyzed against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231. 80% acetone extracts of seed (MeSA) showed very high TPC (4143.02±29.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent/100 g FW and TFC (1397.72±28.44 mg catechin equivalent/100 FW) which were 11 and 5 times greater than that were found in pulp extracts (MePA). MeSA extracts showed exceptionally high antioxidant activities with respect to the DPPHRSA and ABTSRSA (IC50, 0.1153 mg/ml and 0.0017 mg/ml respectively) and ferric reducing activities. In addition, MeSA extracts was highly toxic to the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 showing 92% inhibition at 10 mg/ml while remaining ineffective against normal transformed cell line HEK293. The inhibition was much higher than that showed by pulp extracts (64%) at the same concentrations. This is the first report demonstrating an excellent ability of M. esculenta seed aqueous acetone extract with superior antioxidant activity and antiproliferative potential against breast cancer cells. Therefore, this study recommends utilization of M. esculenta seed for the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations.

The present study deals with the mitigating effects of putrescine (Put) against cinnamic acid (CA). Cinnamic acid in root and shoot exudates of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) acts as an autotoxin, inhibiting growth and metabolic activities. Put has significant role in plant growth and development, as well as in defense against abiotic and biotic challenges. There are no reports on mitigation of allelopathic effects due to CA by Put. Tomato seedlings exposed to CA decreased root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, protein and sugar contents, and nitrate reductase activity. These parameters increased when Put were applied in combination with CA and alone. Lipid peroxidation enhanced in seedlings treated with CA, but decreased in combined CA-Put treatment. Histochemical staining indicated that CA-induced oxidative damage which is evident from the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2– and H2O2 in tomato leaves. Put decreased ROS activity and plays promising role in regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities against production of free radicals and improved seedling growth exposed to CA. Put induced tolerance of tomato seedlings to CA autotoxicity was reflected through enhanced growth of the seedlings. Our findings reveal that Put is efficient to mitigate the allelopathic and adverse effects of CA and buttressed the defense system of tomato and eliminated the autotoxic effects of endogenous CA in tomato.

Black pepper is known for its pungent constituent piperine. It has wide culinary uses and also possess certain preservative and medicinal properties. Piperine, beyond pungency, has been found to possess bio-transformative effects that can detoxify pathogen, prevent oxidation, and improve the bioavailability and absorption of various drugs. Piperine also shows immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, anticarcinogenic, antiulcer, antiamoebic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiulcer properties. On the other hand, curcumin, the curcuminoid of turmeric, mainly found in rhizomes of Curcuma spp., helped to prevent skin cancers, duodenum, forestomach, and colon cancers in mice. In India and many other regions of the world, piperine and curcumin have been part of the folk formulations used for treating various ailments for centuries. In this chapter, the recent developments regarding chemistry, extraction processes, pharmacological, and biological activities of both piperine and curcumin have been discussed.

Aims: To evaluate a group of patients undergoing surgery for chronic otitis media with reference to theprognostic value of middle ear risk index and other factors in predicting the anatomical and functionaloutcome of tympanomastoidectomy with tympanoplasty.Subjects: The study comprised of 90 patients suffering from chronic otitis media with or withoutcholesteatoma. Patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology out patients department were considered for thisstudy.Methods: The patients underwent tympanomastoidectomy with tympanoplasty in which mastoidectomyperformed was of either canal wall up or canal wall down technique. In cholesteatoma surgery, wheneverpossible a canal wall up procedure was performed. Myringoplasty was done using autologous temporalisfascia graft by underlay technique. Middle ear risk index [MERI] and other factors were evaluated for theiroutcome predictive role in patients undergoing tympanomastoidectomy with tympanoplasty.Results: Outcomes were evaluated in terms of tympanic membrane graft uptake and post operative meanaudiological gain. The Middle ear risk index was also found to be significant predictor ofthe outcome ofsurgery. The patients with mild MERI scores had significantly better prognosis than the patients with severMERI scores.Conclusion: The Anatomical and Functional outcome of tympanomastoidectomy with tympanoplasty isdiversely affected by the pathological and technical factors associated with disease and its management. Abetter understanding of these factors is helpful for better prognostication of the factors affecting the diseaseand in planning the surgical procedure.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the frequency and management of complications of chronicsuppurative otitis media(CSOM).Patients and Methods: Out of 376 patients with CSOM, 44 patients (25 males, 19 females; mean age48.5±3.5 years; range 21to 76 years) meeting study criteria were enrolled in this descriptive cross sectionalstudy which was conducted at the Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery. All newlydiagnosed patients having CSOM with complications were enrolled. The complications were treated first.Intracranial abscesses were evacuated by neurosurgeons. Radical and modified radical mastoidectomy wereperformed.Results: Majority of the patients presented in the second and third decade of life (21-30 years: 27.27%,31-40 years: 18.18%).Most of the patients (59.1%) had lower socioeconomic status. Canal wall downmastoidectomy was the most common (79.5%) procedure performed. Cholesteatoma was the most commonoperative finding (100%). Among extracranial complications, subperiosteal abscess was the most commonfinding (38.63%), while extradural abscess outnumbered (22.72%) in intracranial complications.Conclusion: Complications of CSOM commonly affect younger people with low socioeconomic status.Collaborating with neurosurgeons may assist in the successful management of this infection.

Objective: To compare our findings with published success rates for mastoidectomy performed withconcurrent nasal surgeryMaterials and Method: The study was conducted from May 2017 – September 2019 in the E.N.T departmentof Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur. We retrospectively reviewed 35 consecutively presentingpatients who had undergone concurrent septoplasty and mastoidectomy with or without ossicular chainreconstruction. . The study consist of patients ranged in age from 18 to 50 years and were followed up for 1- 24 months. Surgical success was defined as presence of an intact TM graft ,well epithelized mastoid cavitywithout any evidence of middle ear effusion .Results: Our 2 primary finding – graft survival rate of 91.42% and an overall surgical success rate of 77.1% compare favourably with the results of other studies of outcomes of isolated mastoidectomies. Our dataindicates that simultaneous performance of nasal surgery and mastoidectomy is feasible in adults. Nasalpacking has got short term effect on ET dysfunction but rarely severe enough to cause symptoms or middleear effusion. Concurrent approach is useful in TM graft survival or mastoid cavity epithelisation in longterm overall surgical treatment success. The concurrent approach requires only single time administrationof general anaesthesia, cost effective treatment, improved overall symptomatic relief from nasal and earsymptoms.

Chemicals in root exudates can have deleterious effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and yield. Spermidine (Spd) acts as a plant growth regulator that plays a role in the regulation of physiological processes during stress. The present study reports the effect of exogenous Spd to mitigate the allelopathic stress of 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) on tomato. The BOA treatment reduced fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), relative water content (RWC), and decreased chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents. Total soluble sugar (TSS) and protein contents were decreased due to treatment with BOA. Proline content, lipid peroxidation (LP), and antioxidant enzyme activities increased in BOA-treated plants. Electrolyte leakage (EL) from plant leaves increased due to treatment with BOA. Exogenous application to foliage with Spd increased RWC, FW and DW, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the BOA-treated seedlings. Protein and sugar contents, LP, and EL were reduced in seedli...

In the present work, alleviation of cinnamic acid (CA) stress by salicylic acid (SA) was observed. CA influenced the physiological and biochemical parameters. CA significantly repressed growth variables like shoot and root height, fresh and dry biomass of the maize seedlings. The contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein and activity of nitrate reductase were inhibited significantly. CA enhanced the accumulation of proline, ion leakage and lipid peroxidation due to induction of oxidative stress in maize. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase increased in CA stress. However, exogenous SA regulated the toxic effects of CA. The indices of oxidative stress appeared to be attenuated by SA. Pigment content and activities of enzymes increased approximately up to the level of control. CA caused phytotoxicity to Zea mays. The natural growth regulator has potential to overcome the adverse effects caused by CA.

This paper focuses on female stars, an underrepresented and largely unexplored group of star knowledge workers, and their role in team knowledge recombination. We argue that gender differences betw...

Study on the ecological effect of metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs) has quickly amplified over the precedent years because it is assumed that these NMs will sooner or later be released into the environment. The present study deals with biologically oriented process for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by using Morus alba leaf extract as reducing agent. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis revealed the monoclinic phase and 20-40nm size respectively. The presence of reducing and capping agents revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis and Solanum lycopersicum were exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 500mgL-1 concentrations of CuO NPs in the sand medium. Bioaccumulation of Cu was also investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Plant exposure to 100 and 500mgL-1 of CuO NPs has resulted in significant reduction of total chlorophyll and sugar content in the two test plants while 10mgL-1 of NPs slightly increased the pigment and sugar content in tomato plants only. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed in a dose dependent manner upon plants exposure to CuO NPs. Deposition of lignin in roots of both plants treated with the highest concentration of CuO NPs was observed. Histochemical analysis of leaves of treated plant with nitroblue tetrazolium and 3'3' diaminobenzidine showed a concentration dependent increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in leaves. The green synthesis of CuO NPs was carried out by using Morus alba leaf extract. Accumulation of NPs more actively by tomato plants as compared to cauliflower was possibly due to the difference in root morphology. The histochemical visualization highlights the spatial organization of oxidant biochemistry occurring in response to metal stress.