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Objective: Investigated the hypolipidemic effect of alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera seeds using the zebrafish hyperlipidemia model. Methods: Using 0.3% egg yolk solution to feed zebrafish larval to construct the hyperlipidemia model. These larval fish in the model were treated with an extract of Moringa oleifera seeds for 2 days. Then, the tail vessels were observed after oil red O staining, and the accumulated optical density of lipids was analyzed. The body length, triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) levels were measured. Result: The accumulated optical density of lipids in the tail vessels of larval fish fed with 0.3% egg yolk was significantly higher than that of the blank group. The contents of TG and TC were also increased, indicating that the hyperlipidemia model was successfully established. After treatment with different concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extract (10 μg/ml, 15 μg/ml, and 20 μg/ml), the staining attachment surface of vascular oil red O in the tail of hyperlipidemic zebrafish was significantly reduced by 42.8%, 63.3%, and 80.6% respectively. TG was reduced by 9.89%, 20.41%, and 26.40%. TC was reduced by 9.85%, 23.93%, and 33.80%. The data of each group were statistically significant (P

Inductively coupled channels are based on the electromagnetic induction principle and realize long-distance current signal transmission through seawater. Due to a few difficulties in performing actual experiments, it is unclear how the seawater medium affects the frequency selectivity of the current signal. In this paper, a dual dipole model of the inductively coupled seawater transmission channel is established for the traditional short-distance current field transmission mode. The transmission characteristics of electrical signals in seawater are theoretically derived. A platform is used to measure the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the current signal transmission in seawater with transmission frequencies ranging from 30 kHz to 1 MHz, and transmission distances in the vertical range of 4 m. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation and practical test analysis are carried out to analyze the frequency selectivity of seawater conductivity. It is proved that the seawater resistance increases as the frequency increases, which is the key problem that affects the current signal. This study provides an important theoretical support and experimental evidence for improving the transmission performance of long-distance underwater current signals.

In this study, a mathematical model of multipath channels is established, and the delay parameters of 10-path models are calculated at 300 m. A multipath-channel hardware simulator based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is designed and verified at 100 kHz, 200 kHz, 500 kHz, 1 MHz, and 24 MHz transmission frequencies. According to the characteristics of the ocean induction coupling chain channel, the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) algorithm parameters are designed by referring to the wireless communication protocol. The appropriate length cyclic prefix (CP) is added in the OFDM symbol to resist the multipath effect of the seawater channel, and the FPGA hardware transceiver based on the OFDM algorithm is realized. The hardware platform of the ocean induction coupling chain communication system is developed to resist the multipath effect of the seawater channel and tested at 24 MHz. The experimental results show that 800 ns is the best CP length for the developed system, which can effectively resist the multipath effect, with a signal-to-noise ratio above 24 dB and a bit error rate below 1%. This study provides a hardware simulation test platform and an effective method to resist the multipath effect of a seawater channel and improve the transmission performance of the seawater channel.

Although expendable conductivity–temperature–depth (XCTD) profiler has been extensively studied, there are relatively few studies on the transmission performance of XCTD channel, which makes it unclear that the signal is affected by the channel in the long-distance transmission process. First, the structure of the XCTD is analyzed. Then, according to the working mode and channel structure characteristics of XCTD, the circuit model of the transmission channel is established. In order to better study the channel compensation method, a laboratory transmission system of XCTD is built. By analyzing the influence of channel impedance parameters on the transmission signal, the channel model of XCTD is optimized, and the compensation channel is determined to be series inductance. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) of unoptimized and optimized channels is compared based on ASK and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation. It is verified that the optimized channel model of XCTD has a certain significance in reducing the BER of the transmission signal. This article has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the research of transmission signal transmission performance of expendable profiler.

To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal. Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below 1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.

An expendable conductivity-temperature-depth profiler (XCTD) is one of the most important instruments used to obtain hydrological data, such as temperature and conductivity, and detect ocean depth in a large area. However, the XCTD channel provides poor time-varying performance, narrowband, and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which severely restricts the data transmission rate. In contrast to conventional single-carrier modulation techniques, such as amplitude-shift keying and differential phase-shift keying, this article provides a new method, based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to enhance the data transmission rate of deep-sea abandoned profilers. We apply the OFDM to enhance the SNR of the XCTD, which is achieved by reducing the data transmission rate of each sub-channel. Moreover, the bandwidth utilization may be improved by increasing the number of subcarriers in a given bandwidth, which enhances the data transmission rate. Based on analysis of the XCTD channel model, OFDM with different parameters such as constellation mapping, number of subcarriers, subcarrier spacing, signal period and cyclic prefix are achieved. To verify the effectiveness of the OFDM, this study investigates the influence of different parameters on the data transmission rate at different noise levels, i.e., -20 dB and -40 dB.

The inductive coupling temperature–salinity–depth chain uses seawater as a medium, where the transmission of electrical signals has multipath effect in infinite seawater. When the transmission frequency is increased, multipath delay spreads, inter code crosstalk, and selective fading of the received signals will be enhanced. In this letter, the finite-element simulation and numerical calculation are used to determine the key parameters, such as the number of paths, time delay, and channel attenuation factor. A multipath mathematical model of a long-distance inductively coupled channel based on electric current communication is established. Finally, an algorithm for multicarrier modulation, suitable for the channel, is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm for multicarrier modulation can effectively resist multipath fading and improve system transmission performance.

Inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain is an important instrument for measuring the deep-sea environment. Using the electromagnetic induction principle, the bidirectional data transmission from the overwater control equipment to an underwater sensor can be realized. However, due to attenuation in marine environments, it is difficult to realize a long distance and efficient transmission. In order to accurately analyze the channel transmission characteristics of an inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain, a three-level distributed prototype of the transmission channel using COMSOL Multiphysics is constructed. The transmission characteristics of the channel are analyzed at various depths. The analysis of a three-level simulation model demonstrates that the seawater resistivity is relatively stable, independent of detection depth. When the transmission frequency is 10 kHz and the length of the cable is 60 m, the transmission efficiency of the single node transmission channel is 2.9%. Moreover, the transmission efficiency is reduced to 2.6%, when the sensor nodes in the transmission channel are 10, while it may be less than 1% with the decrease of the inductance. The seawater resistivity and the inductance of magnetic ring significantly influence the performance of transmission channel. Optimizing the inductance of the magnetic ring and improving the frequency of the transmission signal are extremely important for the improvement of the transmission performance of an electromagnetic inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth chain.

Inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth mooring cable is an important instrument for measuring deep sea environment. However, the channel characteristics change depending on the load and marine environment, and these characteristics affect the signal transmission reliability. In this paper, an inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth communication system is developed and channel characteristics are derived theoretically. The amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics in seawater and freshwater environments are measured using the frequency-sweep method in laboratory. The measured results are compared with the theoretical results. The accuracy of the results is verified by recovering a square-wave using the measured amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics. Next, amplitude shift keying modulation is used to test the signal transmission reliability and the results show that the error rates are high due to the influence of noise. Finally, to improve the signal transmission reliability, a concatenated code comprising of Reed-Solomon and convolution code is used. The concatenated code can make the error rate less than 1.906% and 6.502% in sea water and fresh water, respectively. The study provides an important experimental evidence for understanding the channel characteristics and improving signal transmission reliability of inductive coupling temperature-salinity-depth mooring cable.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and explore possible mechanisms. Methods A rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury established via Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method and a total of 162 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, including sham group, global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (IR group) and hyperbaric oxygen treated group (HBO group). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier of these rats were evaluated by Evans Blue staining. The expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 was examined by Immunohistochemistry staining and western-blotting. Results Successfully establishment of the rat model was verified by W:D ratio, and significantly increased Evans Blue level was found in IR group compared to control group, whereas hyperbaric treatment could result in decreased Evans Blue level in HBO group. Increased expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 were found in rats with hyperbaric oxygen exposure compared to those in IS group. Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen exposure improved the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and increased expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 were involved in the mechanisms.

The expendable conductivity-temperature-depth (XCTD) profiler is often used for ocean depth measurement and uses an enameled wire transmission channel. However, the changing impedance characteristics of the dynamic real-time channel affect the stability of the signal transmission. In this paper, we study the XCTD of China, using a deep-sea abandoned measuring instrument transmission channel as the original model, we present: (a) a method for establishing a time-varying channel model; (b) accurate computation of the transmission cable and spool cable distributed capacitance, winding inductance and distributed resistance; (c) a discussion on the impedance values generated by the coupling effect of seawater. The establishment of the channel transfer function model illustrates the effects of the time-varying channel on the signal transmission performance and can improve the signal transmission capacity by providing a theoretical basis for analysis of the XCTD channel.

Activity and half-life play key roles in the application of GHRH analogues. The GHRH monomers produced in a solid synthesizer were incubated, respectively, in NH4OH solution and lyophilized to obtain their dimers. The activities, specificities, and receptor affinities of the GHRH dimers were evaluated in rGH release/inhibition, rACTH/LH/PRL release, pituitary homogenate binding, and fluorescent staining. Compared to hGHRH(1-44)NH2 (S), PP-hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1)-PP (2D), P-hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1)-P (2E), (1)P-hGHRH(2-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-2)-(1)P (2F), or hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1) (2Y) had potency of 104 ± 16.7%, 94 ± 32.6%, 114 ± 16.6%, or 122 ± 14.5% and similar specificities. The inhibition effect of GHIH on rGH stimulated by GHRH dimer was in dose-/time-dependent manner. The staining of FITC-labeled dimer showed cytomembrane distribution and the binding ranking was 2F2D2Y2ES. 2F presents the strongest activity and the highest affinity to pituitary cells. The dimer with (1)Pro-GHRH stimulates stronger rGH release than that with (1)Tyr-GHRH and the N-terminal single cyclic amino acid is required for the stimulation.

XCTD is the abbreviation of the Expendable Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler. As one of typical products of the deep-sea abandoned profiler, it had been developed successfully and rapidly in recent years. Considering the influence of cost, work environment or other factors, the transmission line uses a double-stranded enameled wire to transmit data signal in XCTD measurement system. Because of the constraint of the real-time change of channel impedance parameters and the interference of complex ocean noise, the measured data can not transfer to receiving terminal effectively. So how can we make sure that the data signal reliably transfers in the channel at high transmission frequency is one of the key problems of the development of XCTD technology. Firstly, the paper analyzes the transmission characteristic of XCTD channel by establishing the optimized circuit model of XCTD channel, then, the XCTD channel lab model is built to simulate the data transmission process of XCTD underwater measurement. And according to the frequency sweeping method, the LABVIEW platform and data acquisition card is used to get the channel amplitude frequency and phase frequency characteristics at fixed depth. Finally, the three spline interpolation algorithm is used to fit the channel transfer function, and the transmission characteristics of the channel are optimized. It provides a new solution for the research of channel characteristics and the accurate transmission of data.

Due to variable time for charge collection, energy resolution of nuclear detectors declines, especially compound semiconductor detectors like cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detector. To solve this problem, an analog rise-time discriminator based on charge comparison principle is designed. The reference charge signal after attenuation is compared with the deconvoluted and delayed current signal. It is found that the amplitude of delayed current signal is higher than that of the reference charge signal when rise time of the input signal is shorter than the discrimination time, thus generating gating signal and triggering DMCA (digital multi-channel analyzer) to receive the total integral charge signal. When rise time of the input signal is longer than discrimination time, DMCA remains inactivated and the corresponding total integral charge signal is abandoned. Test results show that combination of the designed rise-time discriminator and DMCA can reduce hole tailing of CdZnTe detector significantly. Energy resolution of the system is 0.98%@662 keV, and it is still excellent under high counting rates.

Lithium-ion secondary cell has high energy density, stable and high working voltage, wide working temperature and long working term. It is a safe and clean energy resource without pollution. At present, Lithium Hexafluorophosphate is used as conducting electrolyte lithium salt in lithium-ion secondary batteries. But Lithium Hexafluorophosphate as conducting electrolyte lithium salt has some disadvantages such as hydrolysis and instability. Lithium Bis (heptafluoroisopropyl) t-etrafluorophosphate Li [(C3F7)2PF4] was received by simons process from diisopropylchlorophosphane in this paper. As electrolyte of Li ion secondary cell, Li [(C3F7)2PF4] had lower vapor pressure than LiPF6 in the solvent in the same temperature, comparable conductivity and oxidation stability in the same concentration in room temperature. It was worth mentioning that Li [(C3F7)2PF4] has excellent stability towards hydrolysis. The synthesis process is safe and easily controlled.

In order to analyze low signal-to-noise rate (SNR) of data transmission while XCTD (Expendable Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) probe drops at several kilometers underwater, a channel impedance parameters dynamic change model is established. The analysis showed that the greater distributed capacitance between parallel wires having the greater impact on SNR in deep-water channel, improvement of wire structure and material and reduce the distributed capacitance can improve the signal to noise ratio and transmission rate significantly, and that is providing a new way to solve the problem for XCTD signal transmission.

The paper suggests a new method that combines the Kennard and Stone algorithm (Kenstone, KS), hierarchical clustering (HC), and ant colony optimization (ACO)-based extreme learning machine (ELM) (KS-HC/ACO-ELM) with the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G(d) method to improve the accuracy of DFT calculations for the Y-NO homolysis bond dissociation energies (BDE). In this method, Kenstone divides the whole data set into two parts, the training set and the test set; HC and ACO are used to perform the cluster analysis on molecular descriptors; correlation analysis is applied for selecting the most correlated molecular descriptors in the classes, and ELM is the nonlinear model for establishing the relationship between DFT calculations and homolysis BDE experimental values. The results show that the standard deviation of homolysis BDE in the molecular test set is reduced from 4.03 kcal mol−1calculated by the DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d) method to 0.30, 0.28, 0.29, and 0.32 kcal mol−1by the KS-ELM, KS-HC-ELM, and KS-ACO-ELM methods and the artificial neural network (ANN) combined with KS-HC, respectively. This method predicts accurate values with much higher efficiency when compared to the larger basis set DFT calculation and may also achieve similarly accurate calculation results for larger molecules.

Lipid metabolism disorder is an important risk factor to obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes as well as other chronic metabolic disease. It is also a key target in preventing metabolic syndrome, chronic disease prevention. Plant polyphenol plays an important role in maintaining or improving lipid profile in a variety of ways. including regulating cholesterol absorption, inhibiting synthesis and secretion of triglyceride, and lowering plasma low density lipoprotein oxidation, etc. The purpose of this article is to review the lipid regulation effects of plant polyphenols and its related mechanisms.

A DFT-SOFM-RBFNN method is proposed to improve the accuracy of DFT calculations on Y-NO (Y = C, N, O, S) homolysis bond dissociation energies (BDE) by combining density functional theory (DFT) and artificial intelligence/machine learning methods, which consist of self-organizing feature mapping neural networks (SOFMNN) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). A descriptor refinement step including SOFMNN clustering analysis and correlation analysis is implemented. The SOFMNN clustering analysis is applied to classify descriptors, and the representative descriptors in the groups are selected as neural network inputs according to their closeness to the experimental values through correlation analysis. Redundant descriptors and intuitively biased choices of descriptors can be avoided by this newly introduced step. Using RBFNN calculation with the selected descriptors, chemical accuracy (≤1 kcal·mol−1) is achieved for all 92 calculated organic Y-NO homolysis BDE calculated by DFT-B3LYP, and the mean absolute deviations (MADs) of the B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/STO-3G methods are reduced from 4.45 and 10.53 kcal·mol−1 to 0.15 and 0.18 kcal·mol−1, respectively. The improved results for the minimal basis set STO-3G reach the same accuracy as those of 6-31G(d), and thus B3LYP calculation with the minimal basis set is recommended to be used for minimizing the computational cost and to expand the applications to large molecular systems. Further extrapolation tests are performed with six molecules (two containing Si-NO bonds and two containing fluorine), and the accuracy of the tests was within 1 kcal·mol−1. This study shows that DFT-SOFM-RBFNN is an efficient and highly accurate method for Y-NO homolysis BDE. The method may be used as a tool to design new NO carrier molecules.

The proper theoretical calculation method for nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is a key factor to design the excellent NLO materials. Yet it is a difficult task to obatin the accurate NLO property of large scale molecule. In present work, an effective intelligent computing method, as called extreme learning machine-neural network (ELM-NN), is proposed to predict accurately the first hyperpolarizability (β0) of alkalides from low-accuracy first hyperpolarizability. Compared with neural network (NN) and genetic algorithm neural network (GANN), the root-mean-square deviations of the predicted values obtained by ELM-NN, GANN, and NN with their MP2 counterpart are 0.02, 0.08, and 0.17 a.u., respectively. It suggests that the predicted values obtained by ELM-NN are more accurate than those calculated by NN and GANN methods. Another excellent point of ELM-NN is the ability to obtain the high accuracy level calculated values with less computing cost. Experimental results show that the computing time of MP2 is 2.4–4 times of the computing time of ELM-NN. Thus, the proposed method is a potentially powerful tool in computational chemistry, and it may predict β0 of the large scale molecules, which is difficult to obtain by high-accuracy theoretical method due to dramatic increasing computational cost. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011

We propose a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) approach based on grey relational analysis (GRA) and principal component analysis (PCA) (GP-GRNN) to improve the accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) calculation for homolysis bond dissociation energies (BDE) of Y-NO bond. As a demonstration, this combined quantum chemistry calculation with the GP-GRNN approach has been applied to evaluate the homolysis BDE of 92 Y-NO organic molecules. The results show that the ull-descriptor GRNN without GRA and PCA (F-GRNN) and with GRA (G-GRNN) approaches reduce the root-mean-square (RMS) of the calculated homolysis BDE of 92 organic molecules from 5.31 to 0.49 and 0.39 kcal mol(-1) for the B3LYP/6-31G (d) calculation. Then the newly developed GP-GRNN approach further reduces the RMS to 0.31 kcal mol(-1). Thus, the GP-GRNN correction on top of B3LYP/6-31G (d) can improve the accuracy of calculating the homolysis BDE in quantum chemistry and can predict homolysis BDE which cannot be obtained experimentally.

Pro-protein convertase-2 (PC2) and carboxypeptidase-E (CPE) proteins are two major members of the pro-protein convertases that involve in the maturation of protein precursor. By using PC2 activity, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blot method, PC2, CPE and preproNPY protein expression levels were compared among mature retina tissue, RGC-5 cells and its differentiated cells, or brain cortex tissue, NS20Y tumor cells and its differentiated cells, or mature breast tissue, breast tumor cell RM1 and breast adenocarcinoma tissue. The experimental results indicated that the differentiated cells or tissues had higher or highest PC2 activity. In the comparative experiments, more PC2 protein expression in the mature tissues and more CPE and preproNPY protein expression in the tumor cells or tumor tissue were observed, but no expression of preproNPY protein was observed in the mature tissues. Compared with NS20Y or RGC-5 undifferentiated cells, its differentiated cells showed less proPC2, more proCPE and more preproNPY protein expressions. The results demonstrated that the mature tissues showed stronger PC2/CPE-mediated pro-protein processing ability than the tumor cells or tissue. The results also showed that the artificial differentiation of RGC-5 or NS20Y cells was different from maturation of its corresponding normal tissue.

To explore the effects of testosterone synthesis in adult leydig cell (ALC) of male rats exposed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) during pregnancy.At gestations 12 day, the pregnant rats were exposed to PFOS (5 mg/kg, PFOS group) or 0.5% Tween (control group) by gavage, once a day for 8 consecutive days. On postnatal day (PND) 70, several indexes of male offspring rats were measured including body mass, testicular coefficient, sperm count, serum testosterone concentration. The mRNA levels of ALC associated with testosterone synthesis were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.The result showed that sperm count and serum testosterone concentration decreased in male offspring rats of PFOS group (P0.05), and body mass was significantly lower (P0.001). The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory factor (Star), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (Scarb1), Cyp11a1 (coding gene of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage) and Hsd17b3 (coding gene of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were down regulated (P0.05), no significant statistical difference was observed on the mRNA level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) and insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3).Gestational exposure to PFOS can inhibit the mRNA levels associated with testosterone synthesis, and decrease the ability of testosterone synthesis in ALC of male offspring rats.

Alveolar echinococcosis is a chronically progressive and potentially fatal disease. Patients with multiple giant alveolar echinococcosis have a poor prognosis when radical resection cannot be achieved, but curative resection can be limited by low future remnant liver volumes. In these cases, 2-stage liver resection may be a better choice: after a first-stage hepatectomy with partial resection, liver regeneration is allowed in the residual liver before proceeding to the second-stage hepatectomy. In this study, we therefore retrospectively reviewed and evaluated the safety and feasibility of two-stage hepatectomy in patients with multiple giant alveolar echinococcosis. We reviewed the data for all patients who underwent 2-stage hepatectomy for multiple giant alveolar echinococcosis between August 2013 and December 2015 at either the West China Hospital of Sichuan University or the Hospital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. We identified 7 patients in whom 2-stage hepatectomy was completed. During the first-stage hepatectomy, 4 patients underwent right-sided hepatectomy and the other 3 underwent left-sided hepatectomy. The second-stage hepatectomies were successfully performed 3 months after the first-stage procedures. All patients had follow-up durations of >1 year; there were no cases of operation-related mortality, and no patients experienced disease recurrence. Two-stage hepatectomy is safe and feasible for patients with multiple giant alveolar echinococcosis.

The use of human T lymphocytes genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors on their surfaces has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for malignant tumors. We have transfected primary human peripheral T lymphocytes with a recombinant vector carrying DNA fragments encoding anti-erbB2 scFv/Fc/CD28/CD3ζ chimeric antigen receptor using electroporation. Transfected T cells have been demonstrated to express anti-erB2 scFv/Fc on their surface and CD28/CD3ζ intracellularly. These modified T cells were able to specifically bind to erbB2 tumor-associated antigen on target tumor cells. After specific binding, modified T cells were activated to produce high levels of cytokines (not only interferon-γ but also interluekin-2) and mediate lysis of erbB2-positive human tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner. Furthermore, such genetically modified human T cells significantly delayed the growth of subcutaneous erbB2-positive human xenograft tumors after systemic administration. These preclinical studies suggest that human T cells can be modified genetically and redirected to tumors in cancer patients.

To analyze the chemical composition of essential oil from Thymus citriodorus and its toxic effect on liver cancer cells.The essential oil from Thymus citriodorus leaves was extracted by steam distillation, and GC-MS was used for analyzing chemical composition. 35 components were identified which accounted for 95.44% of the total peak area. The main components were borneol (28.82%), thymol (14.43%), 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 6-octadiene-3-ol (8.26%), 1-methyl-4-[alpha-hydroxy-isopropyl] cyclohexene (8.23%) and terpenes camphor (5.1%), et. al. The toxic effects on HepG2 cells and expression of NF-kappabeta65 were measured by MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively.The IC50 of HepG2 cells inhibition was 0.34%. The mean fluorescence intensity of NF-kappabeta65 expression was as follows: control group 323.25, 2(-10) concentration group 84.18, 2(-11) concentration group 197.93 and 2(-12) concentration group 261.43.The essential oil from Thymus citriodorus leaves has strong toxic effects. The induced apoptosis mechanism may be associated with the expression of NF-kappabeta65.