Margaux Gaschet, José Lourenço, Laure Wiest, Elena Buelow, Christophe Dagot, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Sean Kennedy, Andreu Rico, Kennedy, Sean, Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), IMDEA Water Institute, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), University of Oxford, Pôle Biomics (C2RT), Centre de Ressources et de Recherche Technologique - Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E. Buelow has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement RESOLVE 707999-standard EF., A. Rico is supported by a postdoctoral grant provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (IJCI-2017-33,465)., J. Lourenço is supported by a Lectureship from the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford., 16S rRNA sequence Data collection and analyses performed by the IBEST Genomics Resources Core at the University of Idaho were supported in part by NIH COBRE grant P30GM103324., The authors thank the SIPIBEL Consortium and the SIPIBEL field observatory on the hospital’s effluents and urban wastewater treatment plants for displaying data and measurements., University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Wastewaters (WW) are important sources for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into the environment. Hospital WW (HWW) contain higher loads of micro-pollutants and AMR markers than urban WW (UWW). Little is known about the long-term dynamics of H and U WW and the impact of their joined treatment on the general burden of AMR. Here, we characterized the resistome, microbiota and eco-exposome signature of 126 H and U WW samples treated separately for three years, and then mixed, over one year. Multi-variate analysis and machine learning revealed a robust signature for each WW with no significant variation over time before mixing, and once mixed, both WW closely resembled Urban signatures. We demonstrated a significant impact of pharmaceuticals and surfactants on the resistome and microbiota of H and U WW. Our results present considerable targets for AMR related risk assessment of WW., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Hospital and urban wastewater resistome and microbiota display specific signatures stable over time. • Hospital and urban wastewater have a distinct eco-exposome that is associated with their respective resistome and microbiota. • Mixing hospital with urban wastewater hides the " hospital signature” due to the dilution rate.