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1. Self-Reported Low Lithium Adherence Among Chinese Patients with Bipolar Disorder in Shenzhen: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Chen Y, Zhang J, Hou F, and Bai Y

Subjects
bipolar disorder, lithium, adherence, china, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Yifeng Chen,* Jian Zhang,* Fengsu Hou, Yuanhan Bai Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuanhan Bai, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, No. 77 Zhenbi Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen City, 518118, People’s Republic of China, Email baiyuanhan@163.comBackground: Lithium has been widely used to treat bipolar disorder (BD), although its adherence is rarely reported in China. This study aimed to explore the rate of lithium adherence and its associated factors in patients with BD, which has rarely been reported in China.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among patients in Shenzhen Mental Health Center (Shenzhen Kangning Hospital), who were aged 12 years or above, were diagnosed with BD based on the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10), and had been on lithium for at least 1 month. We collected information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and on knowledge about and attitudes toward lithium. We also investigated patients’ concerns while taking lithium and where they can and wish to obtain information on lithium.Results: Of the 244 enrolled patients and 221 patients aged 18 years or older, 52% and 50% disclosed low adherence to lithium, respectively. Factors associated with poor lithium adherence were a younger age (odds ratio (OR): 0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.933– 0.992), female sex (OR: 2.171, 95% CI: 1.146– 4.112), and no hospitalization history (OR: 0.389, 95% CI: 0.217– 0.689) for the full sample, and more years of education (OR: 4.086, 95% CI: 1.397– 11.946) and fewer hospitalizations (OR: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.467– 0.809) for patients aged 18 years or older. Less knowledge of periodic tests conducted during lithium treatment played a critical role in low lithium adherence (regression analysis of the full sample: OR: 0.642, 95% CI: 0.532– 0.775, regression analysis of subgroups: OR: 0.609, 95% CI: 0.500– 0.742). The treatment duration was a major concern among patients on lithium, and patients preferred obtaining lithium-associated information through health services and WeChat.Conclusion: The rate of lithium adherence was low in this study. Psychoeducation to increase lithium compliance should mainly focus on patients who are young and provide thorough background information on lithium. Health services should actively provide lithium-associated information. A greater need for medication information based on WeChat was observed, implying its potential role in adherence-related psychoeducation.Keywords: bipolar disorder, lithium, adherence, China

Published
2022

4. Highly linear dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator incorporating MMI couplers

Author

Mao B., Yue P., Hou F., and Liu Z.

Subjects
dpmzm, mmi coupler, dynamic range, deviation, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

The strict requirements on splitting ratios of optical power and radio-frequency (RF) voltage affect the performance of the Dual Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM). In this paper, a modified DPMZM with three Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers (MMI-DPMZM) is proposed. The three MMI couplers, comprised of a reconfigurable one and two 3 dB ones, function as optical splitters. The theoretical analysis shows that the structure can prohibit the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) from the third order term and fifth order term of the transfer function’s Taylor series, leading to the peak Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) as high as 104.12 dB. The adjustment of the tunable MMI coupler ensures the SFDR is kept above 104.00 dB even the radio frequency (RF) signal’s voltage splitting ratio deviates from its optimum value. It is also demonstrated that the SFDR can reach 104.10 dB with the precision and uniformity of MMI couplers considered.

Published
2015
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8. A pre-specified analysis of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial on the incidence of abrupt declines in kidney function

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Wheeler, David C., Chertow, Glenn, Correa-Rotter, Ricardo, Greene, Tom, Hou, Fan Fan, McMurray, John, Rossing, Peter, Toto, Robert, Stefansson, Bergur, Langkilde, Anna Maria, Maffei, L.E., Raffaele, P., Solis, S.E., Arias, C.A., Aizenberg, D., Luquez, C., Zaidman, C., Cluigt, N., Mayer, M., Alvarisqueta, A., Wassermann, A., Maldonado, R., Bittar, J., Maurich, M., Gaite, L.E., Garcia, N., Sivak, L., Ramallo, P.O., Santos, J.C., Garcia Duran, R., Oddino, J.A., Maranon, A., Maia, L.N., Avila, D.D., Barros, E.J.G., Vidotti, M.H., Panarotto, D., Noronha, I.D.L., Turatti, L.A.A., Deboni, L., Canziani, M.E., Riella, M.C., Bacci, M.R., Paschoalin, R.P., Franco, R.J., Goldani, J.C., St-Amour, E., Steele, A.W., Goldenberg, R., Pandeya, S., Bajaj, H., Cherney, D., Kaiser, S.M., Conway, J.R., Chow, S.S., Bailey, G., Lafrance, J., Winterstein, J., Cournoyer, S., Gaudet, D., Madore, F., Houlden, R.L., Dowell, A., Langlois, M., Muirhead, N., Khandwala, H., Levin, A., Hou, F., Xue, Y., Zuo, L., Hao, C., Ni, Z., Xing, C., Chen, N., Dong, Y., Zhou, R., Xiao, X., Zou, Y., Wang, C., Liu, B., Chen, Q., Lin, M., Luo, Q., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Chen, M., Wang, X., Zhong, A., Dong, J., Zhu, C., Yan, T., Luo, P., Ren, Y., Pai, P., Li, D., Zhang, R., Zhang, J., Xu, M., Zhuang, Y., Kong, Y., Yao, X., Peng, X., Persson, F.I., Hansen, T.K., Borg, R., Pedersen Bjergaard, U., Hansen, D., Hornum, M., Haller, H., Klausmann, G., Tschope, D., Kruger, T., Gross, P., Hugo, C., Obermuller, N., Rose, L., Mertens, P., Zeller-Stefan, H., Fritsche, A., Renders, L., Muller, J., Budde, K., Schroppel, B., Wittmann, I., Voros, P., Dudas, M., Tabak, G.A., Kirschner, R., Letoha, A., Balku, I., Hermanyi, Z., Zakar, G., Mezei, I., Nagy, G.G., Lippai, J., Nemeth, A., Khullar, D., Gowdaiah, P.K., Fernando Mervin, E., Rao, V.A., Dewan, D., Goplani, K., Maddi, V.S.K., Vyawahare, M.S., Pulichikkat, R.K., Pandey, R., Sonkar, S.K., Gupta, V.K., Agarwal, S., Asirvatham, A.J., Ignatius, A., Chaubey, S., Melemadathil, S., Alva, H., Kadam, Y., Shimizu, H., Sueyoshi, A., Takeoka, H., Abe, Y., Imai, T., Onishi, Y., Fujita, Y., Tokita, Y., Oura, M., Makita, Y., Idogaki, A., Koyama, R., Kikuchi, H., Kashihara, N., Hayashi, T., Ando, Y., Tanaka, T., Shimizu, M., Hidaka, S., Gohda, T., Tamura, K., Abe, M., Kamijo, Y., Imasawa, T., Takahashi, Y., Nakayama, M., Tomita, M., Hirano, F., Fukushima, Y., Kiyosue, A., Kurioka, S., Imai, E., Kitagawa, K., Waki, M., Wada, J., Uehara, K., Iwatani, H., Ota, K., Shibazaki, S., Katayama, K., Narita, I., Iinuma, M., Matsueda, S., Sasaki, S., Yokochi, A., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshimura, T., Kang, S., Lee, S., Lim, C.S., Chin, H., Joo, K.W., Han, S.Y., Chang, T.I., Park, S., Park, H., Park, C.W., Han, B.G., Cha, D.R., Yoon, S.A., Kim, W., Kim, S.W., Ryu, D., Correa Rotter, R., Irizar Santana, S.S., Hernandez Llamas, G., Valdez Ortiz, R., Secchi Nicolas, N.C., Gonzalez Galvez, G., Lazcano Soto, J.R., Bochicchio Riccardelli, T., Bayram Llamas, E.A., Ramos Ibarra, D.R., Melo, M.G.S., Gonzalez Gonzalez, J.G., Sanchez Mijangos, J.H., Madero Robalo, M., Garcia Castillo, A., Manrique, H.A., Farfan, J.C., Vargas, R., Valdivia, A., Dextre, A., Escudero, E., Calderon Ticona, J.R., Gonzales, L., Villena, J., Leon, L., Molina, G., Saavedra, A., Garrido, E., Arbanil, H., Vargas Marquez, S., Rodriguez, J., Isidto, R., Villaflor, A.J., Gumba, M.A., Tirador, L., Comia, R.S., Sy, R.A., Guanzon, M.L.V.V., Aquitania, G., De Asis, N.C., Silva, A.A., Romero, C.M., Lim, M.E., Danguilan, R.A., Nowicki, M., Rudzki, H., Landa, K., Kucharczyk-Bauman, I., Gogola-Migdal, B., Golski, M., Olech-Cudzik, A., Stompor, T., Szczepanik, T., Miklaszewicz, B., Sciborski, R., Kuzniewski, M., Ciechanowski, K., Wronska, D., Klatko, W., Mazur, S., Popenda, G., Myslicki, M., Bolieva, L.Z., Berns, S., Galyavich, A., Abissova, T., Karpova, I., Platonov, D., Koziolova, N., Kvitkova, L., Nilk, R., Medina, T., Rebrov, A., Rossovskaya, M., Sinitsina, I., Vishneva, E., Zagidullin, N., Novikova, T., Krasnopeeva, N., Magnitskaya, O., Antropenko, N., Batiushin, M., Escudero Quesada, V., Barrios Barrea, C., Espinel Garauz, E., Cruzado Garrit, J.M., Morales Portillo, C., Gorriz Teruel, J.L., Cigarran Guldris, S., Praga Terente, M., Robles Perez-Monteoliva, N.R., Tinahones Madueno, F.J., Soto Gonzalez, A., Diaz Rodriguez, C., Furuland, H., Saeed, A., Dreja, K., Spaak, J., Bruchfeld, A., Kolesnyk, M., Levchenko, O., Pyvovarova, N., Stus, V., Doretskyy, V., Korobova, N., Horoshko, O., Katerenchuk, I., Mostovoy, Y.M., Orynchak, M., Legun, O., Dudar, I., Bilchenko, O., Andreychyn, S., Levchenko, A., Zub, L., Tereshchenko, N., Topchii, I., Ostapenko, T., Bezuglova, S., Kopytsya, M., Turenko, O., Mark, P., Barratt, J., Bhandari, S., Fraser, D., Kalra, P., Kon, S.P., Mccafferty, K., Mikhail, A., Alvarado, O.P., Anderson, R., Andrawis, N.S., Arif, A., Benjamin, S.A., Bueso, G., Busch, R.S., Carr, K.W., Crawford, P., Daboul, N., De La Calle, G.M., Delgado, B., Earl, J., El-Shahawy, M.A., Graf, R.J., Greenwood, G., Guevara, A., Wendland, E.M., Mayfield, R.K., Montero, M., Morin, D.J., Narayan, P., Numrungroad, V., Reddy, A.C., Reddy, R., Samson, M.B., Trejo, R., Butcher, M.B., Wise, J.K., Zemel, L.R., Raikhel, M., Weinstein, D., Hernandez, P., Wynne, A., Khan, B.V., Sterba, G.A., Jamal, A., Ross, D., Rovner, S.F., Tan, A., Ovalle, F., Patel, R.J., Talano, J., Patel, D.R., Burgner, A., Aslam, N., Elliott, M., Goral, S., Jovanovich, A., Manley, J.A., Umanath, K., Waguespack, D., Weiner, D., Yu, M., Schneider, L., Jalal, D., Le, T., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, D., Nguyen, V., Do, T., Chu, P., Ta, D., Tran, N., Pham, B., Pfeffer, Marc A., Pocock, Stuart, Swedberg, Karl, Rouleau, Jean L., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Ivanovich, Peter, Levey, Andrew S., Christ-Schmidt, Heidi, Held, Claes, Christersson, Christina, Mann, Johannes, Varenhorst, Christoph, Cherney, David, Postmus, Douwe, Stefánsson, Bergur V., Chertow, Glenn M., Dwyer, Jamie P., Kosiborod, Mikhail, McMurray, John J.V., Sjöström, C. David, and Toto, Robert D.

Published
2022
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13. Mutant ubiquitin found in Alzheimer's disease causes neuritic beading of mitochondria in association with neuronal degeneration.

Author

Tan, Z, Sun, X, Hou, F-S, Oh, H-W, Hilgenberg, L G W, Hol, E M, van Leeuwen, F W, Smith, M A, O'Dowd, Diane K, and Schreiber, S S

Subjects
Alzheimer Disease: metabolism, pathology, Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Female, Gene Expression Regulation: drug effects, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microtubules: physiology, ultrastructure, Mitochondria: pathology, physiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation: genetics, Nerve Degeneration: pathology, physiopathology, Neurons: pathology, physiology, Pregnancy, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex: physiology, RNA, Messenger: genetics, metabolism, RNA, Small Interfering: pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Transfection, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: genetics, metabolism, Ubiquitin: genetics, metabolism
Abstract

A dinucleotide deletion in human ubiquitin (Ub) B messenger RNA leads to formation of polyubiquitin (UbB)+1, which has been implicated in neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies demonstrate that UbB+1 protein causes proteasome dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of UbB+1-mediated neuronal degeneration remains unknown. We now report that UbB+1 causes neuritic beading, impairment of mitochondrial movements, mitochondrial stress and neuronal degeneration in primary neurons. Transfection of UbB+1 induced a buildup of mitochondria in neurites and dysregulation of mitochondrial motor proteins, in particular, through detachment of P74, the dynein intermediate chain, from mitochondria and decreased mitochondria-microtubule interactions. Altered distribution of mitochondria was associated with activation of both the mitochondrial stress and p53 cell death pathways. These results support the hypothesis that neuritic clogging of mitochondria by UbB+1 triggers a cascade of events characterized by local activation of mitochondrial stress followed by global cell death. Furthermore, UbB+1 small interfering RNA efficiently blocked expression of UbB+1 protein, attenuated neuritic beading and preserved cellular morphology, suggesting a potential neuroprotective strategy for certain neurodegenerative disorders.

Published
2007

16. Segmental Power Supply Scheme and Fault Identification Method for Urban Rail Transit Traction Network in Continuous Co-phase Power Supply Mode

Author

HOU Feng, WANG Shuai, HE Zhixin, YI Dong, and SUN Zhongrui

Subjects
urban rail transit, power supply system, continuous co-phase power supply mode, segmental power supply for traction network, fault identification, circuit breaker control, Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280
Abstract

Objective When urban rail transit line adopts the continuous co-phase power supply mode, a fault in the traction network may cause extended power outage due to the complexity and non-backup structure of the traction network. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the segmental power supply scheme for the traction network. Method A segmental power supply scheme for the traction network applicable to the continuous co-phase power supply mode is proposed. Based on the topological characteristics of the segmental power supply of traction network, and combined with the coupling characteristics of vehicle-traction network, the identification methods of segmental short-circuit and neutral section short-circuit are proposed. The control schemes for these two fault scenarios are analyzed, and the self-healing process of the traction network under the above two fault scenarios is described, corresponding circuit breaker control schemes are formulated. In the case study of Guangzhou Metro Line 18, the correctness and reliability of the proposed segmental power supply scheme and the fault identification methods are verified by MATLAB/Simulink software simulation. Result & Conclusion The proposed method can effectively identify faulty segments. The circuit breaker control scheme for the traction network fault can provide reliable main protection for the segments and neutral sections, ensuring stable and efficient operation of the traction power supply system of Guangzhou Metro Line 18.

Published
2024
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25. Energy-saving Operation Optimization Strategy of Urban Rail Transit Co-phase Energy Storage Power Supply System

Author

HOU Feng, WANG Shuai, and SUN Zhongrui

Subjects
urban rail transit, energy management, co-phase energy storage power supply system, optimized energy saving model, Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280
Abstract

Objective As modular co-phase power supply devices are used in Guangzhou Metro Line 18,it is necessary to study the energy-saving operation optimization strategy of the co-phase energy storage power supply system in order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of regenerative braking energy in the co-phase traction power supply system. Method With the goal of minimizing the daily electricity cost of traction substation to balance the node power,and constrained by operation characteristics of power supply devices and energy storage devices, an optimized energy-saving model of co-phase energy storage power supply system is established. Based on the measured load process data of a traction substation on Guangzhou Metro Line 18, the traction load process of urban rail transit is analyzed. CPLEX commercial planning solver is used to solve the above model and finally the optimal energy management scheme of the co-phase energy storage system is obtained. Result & Conclusion The energy storage power supply system with the supercapacitor connected to DC link of the modular co-phase power supply device works as follows: with the peak cutting and valley filling effect of the supercapacitor on the traction load, the regenerative braking energy utilization rate of the traction power supply system can be increased, saving the electricity cost of urban rail transit operators consequently. The test results show that compared with the traditional co-phase power supply system, the co-phase energy storage power supply system with supercapacitor can increase the regenerative braking energy utilization rate to 92.88%, and reduce the daily electricity cost by 9.65%, showing remarkable energy saving effect. increase the regenerative braking energy utilization rate to 92.88%.

Published
2024
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27. Deep feature pyramid network for EEG emotion recognition

Author

Hou, F, Gao, Q, Song, Y, Wang, Z, Bai, Z, Yang, Y, Tian, Z, Hou, F, Gao, Q, Song, Y, Wang, Z, Bai, Z, Yang, Y, and Tian, Z

Abstract

In this work, the Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is proposed for improving the performance of electroencephalography (EEG) emotion recognition. Differential Entropy (DE) is extracted from each EEG channel as the basic feature. Then the feature matrix was constructed through biharmonic spline interpolation to obtain the correlation information between EEG channels. Next, the proposed FPN is applied to fuse multiscale EEG spatial information for obtaining deeper semantic features. FPN integrates the semantic information of low-level and high-level feature maps through up-sampling and lateral connections. It can reduce the semantic gap between feature maps and increase the receptive field of low-resolution feature maps. Finally, a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) is utilized for emotion recognition. The experiment results of the proposed method have a state-of-the-art performance of valence (94.29%) and arousal (96.97%) by 70–30 cross-validation on the Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals (DEAP). And the accuracy of 97.12% was obtained on the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED). Moreover, we carried out the LOSO CV experiment on DEAP. The accuracy of valence and arousal reached 80.38% and 82.33%, respectively.

Published
2022

28. Body mass index and annual estimated GFR decline in Chinese adults with normal renal function

Author

Li, Y., Qin, X., Xie, D., Xing, H., Li, Z., Xu, X., and Hou, F.

Subjects
Glomerular filtration rate, Body mass index, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in a rural lean Chinese cohort. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 2696 subjects with an eGFR [greater than or equal to] 60 ml/min per 1.73 [m.sup.2] were followed up for 7 years. Our primary outcome was annual eGFR decline, calculated as (eGFR at baseline--eGFR at revisit)/years of follow-up. RESULTS: During the 7-year follow-up, the mean (s.d.) of annual eGFR decline was 1.7 (1.9) ml/min per 1.73 [m.sup.2] per year. Compared with subjects with normal weight (BMI 19-22.9 kg/[m.sup.2]), overweight subjects (BMI 23-26.9 kg/[m.sup.2]) had a more rapid annual eGFR decline (β, 0.33;95% confidence interval (0.18-0.47) ml/min per 1.73 [m.sup.2] per year), whereas no significant difference was found when comparing the underweight ( CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested a nonlinear S-shaped association between BMI and annual eGFR decline among Chinese adults with normal renal function. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 922-926; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.221; published online 29 October 2014, INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now recognized as a worldwide public health problem. (1) A recent national cross-sectional survey (2) showed that the overall prevalence of CKD in adult [...]

Published
2015
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29. Rationale and protocol of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial

Author

Heerspink, H. J.L., Stefansson, B., Chertow, G., Correa-Rotter, R., Greene, Tom, Hou, Fan Fan, Lindberg, Magnus, McMurray, John, Rossing, P., Toto, Roberto, Langkilde, Anna Maria, Wheeler, David C., Wheeler, D. C., Greene, T., Hou, F. F., McMurray, J., Toto, R., Langkilde, A. M., Pfeffer, Marc A., Pocock, Stuart, Swedberg, Karl, Rouleau, Jean L., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Ivanovich, Peter, Levey, Andrew S., Christ-Schmidt, Heidi, Mann, Johannes, Held, Claes, Varenhorst, Christoph, Holmgren, Pernilla, Hallberg, Theresa, Douthat, Walter, Filho, Roberto Pecoits, Cherney, David, Persson, Frederik, Haller, Hermann, Wittmann, István, Khullar, Dinesh, Naoki, Kashihara, Correa-Rotter, Richardo, Escudero, Elizabeth, Isidto, Rey, Nowicki, Michal, Batiushin, Mikhail, Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), and Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET)

Subjects
Male, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucosides, Randomized controlled trial, law, Chronic kidney disease, Randomized controlled clinical trial, Clinical endpoint, Diabetic Nephropathies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Dapagliflozin, randomized controlled clinical trial, Aged, 80 and over, sodium–glucose co-transporter inhibitor, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Design, Nephrology, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Renal function, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Clinical Research, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Benzhydryl Compounds, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Aged, Transplantation, Creatinine, business.industry, dapagliflozin, medicine.disease, Sodiumglucose co-transporter inhibitor, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, ORIGINAL ARTICLES, INHIBITORS, business, chronic kidney disease, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. Whether these benefits extend to CKD patients without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is unknown. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial (NCT03036150) will assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular events in a broad range of patients with CKD with and without diabetes. Methods DAPA-CKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial in which ∼4300 patients with CKD Stages 2–4 and elevated urinary albumin excretion will be enrolled. The vast majority will be receiving a maximum tolerated dose of a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor at enrolment. Results After a screening assessment, eligible patients with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 and 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 are randomly assigned to placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day. Enrolment is monitored to ensure that at least 30% of patients do not have diabetes and that no more than 10% have an eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary endpoint is a composite of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥50%, end-stage renal disease, renal death or cardiovascular death. The trial will conclude when 681 primary renal events have occurred, providing 90% power to detect a 22% relative risk reduction (α level of 0.05). Conclusion DAPA-CKD will determine whether the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended therapies, safely reduces the rate of renal and cardiovascular events in patients across multiple CKD stages with and without diabetes., Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract

Published
2020

34. Toxicity effects of improved aged refuse on Tagetes patula and rhizosphere microbes

Author

Yuan Y, Wu X, Hou F, Bi X, and Du J

Subjects
Rhizosphere, Horticulture, Toxicity, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Tagetes patula
Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of different mass ratios of aged refuse on Tagetes patula and rhizosphere microbes. The results showed that chlorophyll content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in leaf tissue increased significantly in plants cultivated in soil:aged refuse mixtures compared with ordinary soil, whereas levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl decreased significantly in soil:aged refuse mixtures. Microbial community analysis revealed that aged refuse is rich in a variety of rhizosphere microbes that contribute to pollutant degradation, although microbial diversity was found to be relatively low. Bacterial genera such as Ferruginibacter, Hymenobacter, unclassified_Gemmataceae, Longimicrobium, Tychonema CCAP 1459-11B, Gemmatirosa, and Rubellimicrobium tended to be enriched to a greater extent in ordinary soil compared with soil:aged refuse mixtures. Correspondingly, bacterial genera such as Emticicia, Caedibacter, Anaerosalibacter, Tumebacillus, Patulibacter, Oceanotoga, Dyadobacter, Chloroflexus, and Acidobacteria bacterium SCN 69-37, Polycyclovorans, tended to be enriched in mixtures with a higher proportion of aged refuse. Functional prediction analysis revealed that rhizosphere microbe functions changed markedly following the addition of aged refuse. These findings indicate that aged refuse may represent a source of environmental stress for plants and modifies the dominant bacterial composition of rhizosphere microbes. The combination of organic or inorganic pollutants, plant physiological stress responses, and rhizosphere microbial community composition may have potential cooperative or dynamic equilibrium relationships. With respect to identifying potential approaches to recycling aged refuse, it will be necessary to focus on selecting optimal mass ratios of aged refuse and ordinary soil to control contaminant exposure.

Published
2021

35. VerSe: a vertebrae labelling and segmentation benchmark for multi-detector CT images

Author

Sekuboyina, A, Husseini, ME, Bayat, A, Löffler, M, Liebl, H, Li, H, Tetteh, G, Kukačka, J, Payer, C, Štern, D, Urschler, M, Chen, M, Cheng, D, Lessmann, N, Hu, Y, Wang, T, Yang, D, Xu, D, Ambellan, F, Amiranashvili, T, Ehlke, M, Lamecker, H, Lehnert, S, Lirio, M, Olaguer, NPD, Ramm, H, Sahu, M, Tack, A, Zachow, S, Jiang, T, Ma, X, Angerman, C, Wang, X, Brown, K, Wolf, M, Kirszenberg, A, Puybareau, É, Chen, D, Bai, Y, Rapazzo, BH, Yeah, T, Zhang, A, Xu, S, Hou, F, He, Z, Zeng, C, Xiangshang, Z, Liming, X, Netherton, TJ, Mumme, RP, Court, LE, Huang, Z, He, C, Wang, L-W, Ling, SH, Huynh, LD, Boutry, N, Jakubicek, R, Chmelik, J, Mulay, S, Sivaprakasam, M, Paetzold, JC, Shit, S, Ezhov, I, Wiestler, B, Glocker, B, Valentinitsch, A, Rempfler, M, Menze, BH, and Kirschke, JS

Subjects
eess.IV, cs.CV
Abstract

Vertebral labelling and segmentation are two fundamental tasks in an automated spine processing pipeline. Reliable and accurate processing of spine images is expected to benefit clinical decision-support systems for diagnosis, surgery planning, and population-based analysis on spine and bone health. However, designing automated algorithms for spine processing is challenging predominantly due to considerable variations in anatomy and acquisition protocols and due to a severe shortage of publicly available data. Addressing these limitations, the Large Scale Vertebrae Segmentation Challenge (VerSe) was organised in conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2019 and 2020, with a call for algorithms towards labelling and segmentation of vertebrae. Two datasets containing a total of 374 multi-detector CT scans from 355 patients were prepared and 4505 vertebrae have individually been annotated at voxel-level by a human-machine hybrid algorithm (https://osf.io/nqjyw/, https://osf.io/t98fz/). A total of 25 algorithms were benchmarked on these datasets. In this work, we present the the results of this evaluation and further investigate the performance-variation at vertebra-level, scan-level, and at different fields-of-view. We also evaluate the generalisability of the approaches to an implicit domain shift in data by evaluating the top performing algorithms of one challenge iteration on data from the other iteration. The principal takeaway from VerSe: the performance of an algorithm in labelling and segmenting a spine scan hinges on its ability to correctly identify vertebrae in cases of rare anatomical variations. The content and code concerning VerSe can be accessed at: https://github.com/anjany/verse.

Published
2021

36. ANTHELMINTIC DRUG ALBENDAZOLE TREATED SHEEP URINATION INFLUENCES SOIL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM GRASSLANDS.

Author

REN, J. F., HOU, F. J., and BOWATTE, S.

Subjects
GRASSLAND soils, ANTHELMINTICS, NITROUS oxide, ALBENDAZOLE, NITROGEN in soils, URINATION
Abstract

This study investigated the deposition of the anthelmintic drug albendazole through sheep urine and how it affects soil nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in grazed grasslands. Three one-year-old Tibetan rams were dosed with fast-acting albendazole capsules at 11 mg per kg body weight to measure the concentration of albendazole and its metabolites in each sheep's urine. Three rams were used as a control group. Albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone were all excreted with urine, but albendazole sulfoxide was the main metabolite. The effect of albendazole or its metabolites' excretion in urine on soil nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide emissions were investigated at an alpine grassland site. Greater nitrification activity was observed in soils where urine from albendazole-dosed rams had been applied. The mean total N2O emissions over the six-week measurement period for albendazole-dosed sheep urine, control urine and no urine were 0.94 ± 0.34, 0.18 ± 0.11 and 0.02 ± 0.05 g N2O-N m-2, respectively. These results suggest that N2O pollution from animal urine patches can be potentially exacerbated through anthelmintic drug administration to grazed animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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40. Effects of Dapagliflozin in Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Chertow G, Vart P, Jongs N, Toto R, Gorriz J, Hou F, McMurray J, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sjostrom C, Stefansson B, Langkilde A, Wheeler D, Heerspink H, and DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin significantly reduced risk of kidney failure and prolonged survival in patients with CKD with or without type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Adults with eGFR of 25-75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 200-5000 mg/g had been randomized to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg/d or placebo. Here, we conducted a prespecified analysis of dapagliflozin's effects in patients with stage 4 CKD (eGFR,30 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at baseline. The primary end point was a composite of time to =50% sustained decline in eGFR, ESKD, or kidney or cardiovascular death. Secondary end points were a kidney composite (same as the primary end point but without cardiovascular death), a composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause death. RESULTS: A total of 293 participants with stage 4 CKD received dapagliflozin and 331 received placebo. Patients with stage 4 CKD randomized to dapagliflozin experienced a 27% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -2 to 47%) reduction in the primary composite endpoint, and 29% (-2 to 51%), 17% (-53 to 55%), and 32% (-21 to 61%) reductions in the kidney, cardiovascular and mortality endpoints, respectively, relative to placebo. Interaction P-values were 0.22, 0.13, 0.63, and 0.95, respectively, comparing CKD stages 4 versus 2/3. The eGFR slope declined by 2.15 and 3.38 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year in the dapagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.005). Patients treated with dapagliflozin or placebo had similar rates of serious adverse events and adverse events of interest. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stage 4 CKD and albuminuria, the effects of dapagliflozin were consistent with those observed in the DAPA-CKD trial overall, with no evidence of increased risks.

Published
2021

41. Effects of dapagliflozin on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pre-specified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial

Author

Heerspink H, Sjostrom C, Jongs N, Chertow G, Kosiborod M, Hou F, McMurray J, Rossing P, Correa-Rotter R, Kurlyandskaya R, Stefansson B, Toto R, Langkilde A, Wheeler D, DAPA-CKD Trial Comm Investigators, and DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators

Subjects
Chronic kidney disease, SGLT2 inhibitor, Dapagliflozin
Abstract

Aims Mortality rates from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased in the last decade. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial, we determined the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes of death. Methods and results DAPA-CKD was an international, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a median of 2.4 years of follow-up. Eligible participants were adult patients with CKD, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200-5000mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75mL/min/1.73 m(2). All-cause mortality was a key secondary endpoint. Cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death was adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. The DAPA-CKD trial randomized participants to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 2152) or placebo (n = 2152). The mean age was 62 years, 33% were women, the mean eGFR was 43.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and the median UACR was 949 mg/g. During follow-up, 247 (5.7%) patients died, of whom 91 (36.8%) died due to cardiovascular causes, 102 (41.3%) due to non-cardiovascular causes, and in 54 (21.9%) patients, the cause of death was undetermined. The relative risk reduction for all-cause mortality with dapagliflozin (31%, hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.69 [0.53, 0.88]; P = 0.003) was consistent across pre-specified subgroups. The effect on all-cause mortality was driven largely by a 46% relative risk reduction of non-cardiovascular death (HR [95% CI] 0.54 [0.36, 0.82]). Deaths due to infections and malignancies were the most frequently occurring causes of non-cardiovascular deaths and were reduced with dapagliflozin vs. placebo. Conclusion In patients with CKD, dapagliflozin prolonged survival irrespective of baseline patient characteristics. The benefits were driven largely by reductions in non-cardiovascular death. [GRAPHICS] .

Published
2021

42. VerSe: A Vertebrae labelling and segmentation benchmark for multi-detector CT images

Author

Sekuboyina, A., Husseini, M.E., Bayat, A., Loffler, M., Liebl, H., Li, H., Tetteh, G., Kukacka, J., Payer, C., Stern, D., Urschler, M., Chen, M., Cheng, D., Lessmann, N., Hu, Y., Wang, T., Yang, D., Xu, D., Ambellan, F., Amiranashvili, T., Ehlke, M., Lamecker, H., Lehnert, S., Lirio, M., Olaguer, N.P., Ramm, H., Sahu, M., Tack, A., Zachow, S., Jiang, T., Ma, X., Angerman, C., Wang, X, Brown, K., Kirszenberg, A., Puybareau, E., Chen, D., Bai, Y., Rapazzo, B.H., Yeah, T., Zhang, A., Xu, S., Hou, F., He, Z., Zeng, C., Xiangshang, Z., Liming, X., Netherton, T.J., Mumme, R.P., Court, L.E., Huang, Z., He, C., Wang, L.W., Ling, S.H., Huynh, L.D., Boutry, N., Jakubicek, R., Chmelik, J., Mulay, S., Sivaprakasam, M., Paetzold, J.C., Shit, S., Ezhov, I., Wiestler, B., Glocker, B., Valentinitsch, A., Rempfler, M., Menze, B.H., Kirschke, J.S., Sekuboyina, A., Husseini, M.E., Bayat, A., Loffler, M., Liebl, H., Li, H., Tetteh, G., Kukacka, J., Payer, C., Stern, D., Urschler, M., Chen, M., Cheng, D., Lessmann, N., Hu, Y., Wang, T., Yang, D., Xu, D., Ambellan, F., Amiranashvili, T., Ehlke, M., Lamecker, H., Lehnert, S., Lirio, M., Olaguer, N.P., Ramm, H., Sahu, M., Tack, A., Zachow, S., Jiang, T., Ma, X., Angerman, C., Wang, X, Brown, K., Kirszenberg, A., Puybareau, E., Chen, D., Bai, Y., Rapazzo, B.H., Yeah, T., Zhang, A., Xu, S., Hou, F., He, Z., Zeng, C., Xiangshang, Z., Liming, X., Netherton, T.J., Mumme, R.P., Court, L.E., Huang, Z., He, C., Wang, L.W., Ling, S.H., Huynh, L.D., Boutry, N., Jakubicek, R., Chmelik, J., Mulay, S., Sivaprakasam, M., Paetzold, J.C., Shit, S., Ezhov, I., Wiestler, B., Glocker, B., Valentinitsch, A., Rempfler, M., Menze, B.H., and Kirschke, J.S.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 238698.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Vertebral labelling and segmentation are two fundamental tasks in an automated spine processing pipeline. Reliable and accurate processing of spine images is expected to benefit clinical decision support systems for diagnosis, surgery planning, and population-based analysis of spine and bone health. However, designing automated algorithms for spine processing is challenging predominantly due to considerable variations in anatomy and acquisition protocols and due to a severe shortage of publicly available data. Addressing these limitations, the Large Scale Vertebrae Segmentation Challenge (VerSe) was organised in conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2019 and 2020, with a call for algorithms tackling the labelling and segmentation of vertebrae. Two datasets containing a total of 374 multi-detector CT scans from 355 patients were prepared and 4505 vertebrae have individually been annotated at voxel level by a human-machine hybrid algorithm (https://osf.io/nqjyw/, https://osf.io/t98fz/). A total of 25 algorithms were benchmarked on these datasets. In this work, we present the results of this evaluation and further investigate the performance variation at the vertebra level, scan level, and different fields of view. We also evaluate the generalisability of the approaches to an implicit domain shift in data by evaluating the top-performing algorithms of one challenge iteration on data from the other iteration. The principal takeaway from VerSe: the performance of an algorithm in labelling and segmenting a spine scan hinges on its ability to correctly identify vertebrae in cases of rare anatomical variations. The VerSe content and code can be accessed at: https://github.com/anjany/verse.

Published
2021

43. Design of a Fan-Out Panel-Level SiC MOSFET Power Module Using Ant Colony Optimization-Back Propagation Neural Network

Author

Qian, Yichen (author), Hou, F. (author), Fan, J. (author), Lv, Quanya (author), Fan, X. (author), Zhang, Kouchi (author), Qian, Yichen (author), Hou, F. (author), Fan, J. (author), Lv, Quanya (author), Fan, X. (author), and Zhang, Kouchi (author)

Abstract

A new panel-level silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) power module was developed by using the fan-out and embedded chip technologies. To achieve the more effective thermal management and higher reliability under thermal cycling, a new optimization method called Ant colony optimization-back propagation neural network (ACO-BPNN) was developed for optimizing SiC modules, and contrast it with the Response Surface Method (RSM). First, the heat dissipations of SiC MOSFET with different redistribution layer (RDL) materials were simulated through the ANSYS finite element simulation. Then, the RSM was adopted to design the experiments for optimization. Third, the optimized design considering both junction temperature and thermal-mechanical stress is obtained using RSM and ACO-BPNN. The results show that: 1) compared with nano-silver, copper has a relatively good heat dissipation effect, but nano-silver has a better thermodynamic performance, and 2) ACO-BPNN can provide more accurate optimization results without having to construct a fitness function like RSM. After optimization, the thermal management and the thermal-mechanical stress can be improved by about 3% and 11%, respectively., Electronic Components, Technology and Materials

Published
2021
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44. The state of the art in kidney and kidney tumor segmentation in contrast-enhanced CT imaging: Results of the KiTS19 challenge

Author

Heller, N, Isensee, F, Maier-Hein, KH, Hou, X, Xie, C, Li, F, Nan, Y, Mu, G, Lin, Z, Han, M, Yao, G, Gao, Y, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Hou, F, Yang, J, Xiong, G, Tian, J, Zhong, C, Ma, J, Rickman, J, Dean, J, Stai, B, Tejpaul, R, Oestreich, M, Blake, P, Kaluzniak, H, Raza, S, Rosenberg, J, Moore, K, Walczak, E, Rengel, Z, Edgerton, Z, Vasdev, R, Peterson, M, McSweeney, S, Peterson, S, Kalapara, A, Sathianathen, N, Papanikolopoulos, N, Weight, C, Heller, N, Isensee, F, Maier-Hein, KH, Hou, X, Xie, C, Li, F, Nan, Y, Mu, G, Lin, Z, Han, M, Yao, G, Gao, Y, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Hou, F, Yang, J, Xiong, G, Tian, J, Zhong, C, Ma, J, Rickman, J, Dean, J, Stai, B, Tejpaul, R, Oestreich, M, Blake, P, Kaluzniak, H, Raza, S, Rosenberg, J, Moore, K, Walczak, E, Rengel, Z, Edgerton, Z, Vasdev, R, Peterson, M, McSweeney, S, Peterson, S, Kalapara, A, Sathianathen, N, Papanikolopoulos, N, and Weight, C

Abstract

There is a large body of literature linking anatomic and geometric characteristics of kidney tumors to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Semantic segmentation of these tumors and their host kidneys is a promising tool for quantitatively characterizing these lesions, but its adoption is limited due to the manual effort required to produce high-quality 3D segmentations of these structures. Recently, methods based on deep learning have shown excellent results in automatic 3D segmentation, but they require large datasets for training, and there remains little consensus on which methods perform best. The 2019 Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation challenge (KiTS19) was a competition held in conjunction with the 2019 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) which sought to address these issues and stimulate progress on this automatic segmentation problem. A training set of 210 cross sectional CT images with kidney tumors was publicly released with corresponding semantic segmentation masks. 106 teams from five continents used this data to develop automated systems to predict the true segmentation masks on a test set of 90 CT images for which the corresponding ground truth segmentations were kept private. These predictions were scored and ranked according to their average Sørensen-Dice coefficient between the kidney and tumor across all 90 cases. The winning team achieved a Dice of 0.974 for kidney and 0.851 for tumor, approaching the inter-annotator performance on kidney (0.983) but falling short on tumor (0.923). This challenge has now entered an "open leaderboard" phase where it serves as a challenging benchmark in 3D semantic segmentation.

Published
2021

45. Regional emission pathways, energy transition paths and cost analysis under various effort-sharing approaches for meeting Paris Agreement goals

Author

Chen, X., Yang, F., Zhang, S., Zakeri, B., Liu, C., Hou, F., Chen, X., Yang, F., Zhang, S., Zakeri, B., Liu, C., and Hou, F.

Abstract

International climate policy debate has been struggling to define an agreeable principle for just distribution of the burdens of reducing greenhouse gases. By the integrated assessment modeling, we investigate climate change mitigation pathways compatible with the Paris Agreement goals under different carbon budget allocation principles, namely, cost-effectiveness, equality, and grandfathering for 11 world regions. The results indicate that regional carbon quotas remain similar under equality and grandfathering principles, except for regions with a high population projection, i.e., Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, or regions with a high level of current emissions, such as North America. Irrespective of the burden-sharing principles, most world regions must reach carbon neutrality before 2070 to meet the 2°C climate targets. Moreover, carbon emissions reduced by carbon capture and storage applications are found to peak around 2050. In general, the share of fossil fuels in primary energy is larger under the larger carbon quota, which will also increase carbon capture and storage applications in fossil fuels. The average global investment needs for mitigating climate change are the lowest under the cost-effectiveness principle, and the marginal abatement cost is the same for all regions. For each region, as the carbon quota decreases the marginal abatement cost increases, while the energy investment changes independently from the carbon quota. These insights can inform global climate change negotiations and help policymakers formulate timelines for carbon neutrality, energy transition, and technology deployment and investment portfolios.

Published
2021

46. Comprehensive analysis method of determining global long-term GHG mitigation potential of Passenger Battery Electric Vehicles

Author

Hou, F., Chen, X., Yang, F., Ma, Z., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Zhao, Y., Guo, F., Hou, F., Chen, X., Yang, F., Ma, Z., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Zhao, Y., and Guo, F.

Abstract

The development of electric vehicles can help reduce the use of fossil fuels and further mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A comprehensive method is proposed for estimating the GHG mitigation potential of passenger battery electric vehicles (PBEVs) continentally and globally, considering the electricity consumption, energy transition, and other main influencing factors. The future energy transition is considered to change the electricity generation structures, improve the share of clean power, and further increase the GHG mitigation potential of electric vehicles based on a life-cycle analysis. An uncertainty analysis is performed to investigate the main influencing factors, such as energy intensity, battery size, autonomous vehicles, charging infrastructure, carpooling and ridesharing, and the development of other competitive vehicles on the electricity consumption and mitigation potential. Results show that the global stock of PBEVs will reach 1.2 × 108 and 1.0 × 109 vehicles in 2030 and 2050, respectively, and the global electricity consumption will be 250–480 TWh in 2030 and 1140–2840 TWh in 2050, equivalent of saving 3.4-6.5 × 108 barrel of gasoline in 2030 and 1.6-3.9 × 109 barrel of gasoline in 2050. The calculated global GHG mitigation potentials of PBEVs are 40–215 Mt CO2e and 340–1380 Mt CO2e in 2030 and 2050, respectively, which will accelerate the decarbonization transition in the transport sector and help achieve the global temperature control goals in the Paris Agreement and sustainable development goals.

Published
2021

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