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Background: Paramphistomosis, a parasitic condition caused by Calicophoron microbothrioides in domestic ruminants, has garnered limited attention among cattle breeders in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru. Despite its status as an endemic affliction with considerable risk, scant investigations have been conducted on this parasite within this region. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between the population of adult parasites (referred to as "number of adult parasites" or NAP) in rumen and reticulum of naturally infected cows and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Methods: A sample of twenty-two cattle harboring adult parasites in their rumen and reticulum was selected for analysis. Fecal samples were collected from these animals to establish a correlation between NAP and EPG. Data analysis included linear regression, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: The study revealed a remarkably strong and directly proportional association between the number of adult parasites in rumen and reticulum and the coproparazitologic EPG (r = 0.971). Conclusion: According to the linear model (NAP = 60.381 ± 3.37; EPG - 22.979) increasing EPG by one lead to an increase by 60 NAP in rumen and reticulum (p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses consumers' preferences for egg attributes and their inclination to choose organic eggs in Malaysia. The study aims to understand consumers' willingness to pay for these preferences. The findings reveal that price is the most important attribute for consumers, followed by size, production type, color, and packaging. The study also shows a positive preference for organic eggs among consumers in Malaysia. This research provides valuable insights for producers to meet consumers' preferences and needs. [Extracted from the article]

Los recursos informativos para vender huevos o producir a gran escala también son provistos en esta publicación. Este documento es el AN239-Span, uno de una serie del Departamento de Ciencias Animales, UF/IFAS Extension. Publicación original de septiembre de 2023.

The use of stable isotopes of sulfur (δ34S) to infer avian diets, foraging habitats, and movements is relatively uncommon, resulting in a lack of information on patterns of δ34S incorporation in avian tissue. In a controlled study of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua), we found that diet-tissue isotopic discrimination factors (Δ34Sdiet-tissue) differed among egg components and feathers synthesized from a common diet, ranging from –0.4 to –1.7‰. We also found that methodical choices such as lipid extraction and prey tissue selection influenced calculated Δ34Sdiet-tissue values. Specifically, Δ34Sdiet-tissue values were lower (i.e., more negative) when calculated using whole fish relative to fish muscle and lipid-extraction biased egg yolk, but not fish tissue, δ34S values. The Δ34Sdiet-tissue values obtained for Gentoo Penguins fed a marine fish diet were generally lower than those reported for freshwater fish consumption by Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), the only other bird species in which Δ34Sdiet-tissue has been quantified. We found support for the hypothesis that tissue Δ34Sdiet-tissue values are inversely related to dietary δ34S values in birds, similar to what has been observed in mammals. Given this relationship, the discrimination factors reported here for Gentoo Penguins may be broadly applicable to other avian species with a similar marine diet. Finally, we provide recommendations for future studies seeking to quantify Δ34Sdiet-tissue in avian tissues and guidance to allow for greater application of sulfur stable isotope analysis in ornithological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A historical outline is provided about the pictorial representation of exochorions within Lepidoptera, in selected scientific treatises by prelinnean authors (Aldrovandi, Moffet, Hooke, Malphigi, Merian, Swammerdam, Harris, and Scudder), between 1602 and 1889. Subsequently, a selection of direct precedents in the research line of Llorente-Bousquets and cols. is referred to and commented upon, organized by their associated styles of production (chirography, photography and scanning electron microscope SEM), in order to compare and discuss their respective contributions to exochorionic studies of Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). The D&G+ model of epistemic virtues is revisited as a demarcation criterion for scientific images, to which two components are added: Natural-Objective Mode (MON) and Collaborative Principle of Representational Division of Labor (PCDTR). PCDTR is proposed as a general axiological meta-criterion in the epistemological analysis and evaluation of scientific images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el presente trabajo reportamos la presencia del gaviotín lagunero en el dique La Angostura, provincia de Tucumán, extendiendo su distribución geográfica conocida. Además, reportamos el primer registro de nidificación documentado para la provin- cia, con datos descriptivos del nido, huevos y pichones.

Antecedentes: La implementación de estrategias productivas con aves en semicautiverio en condiciones más afines con el comportamiento natural de la especie, requiere de genotipos adaptados. Para este tipo de producción son adecuadas poblaciones doble-propósito, habituales antes de la especialización en carne y huevo propia de la avicultura industrial actual. Evaluar los patrones dinámicos de crecimiento y aumento de peso del huevo en comparación con los de dos genotipos de reproductoras pesadas comerciales. Materiales y métodos: Se registró el peso corporal semanal entre el nacimiento y las 60 semanas y el peso de los huevos entre la madurez sexual y la finalización del ciclo en 100 gallinas Campero Casilda. Los datos peso corporal versus edad cronológica se ajustaron con el modelo de Gompertz y los datos peso semanal del huevo versus edad de postura con el modelo de Weatherup & Foster. Se efectuaron los mismos ajustes con datos extraídos de las guías de manejo correspondientes a gallinas reproductoras pesadas Ross308® y Cobb500®. Los valores promedio de los estimadores de los parámetros con significado biológico de las funciones de Gompertz y Weatherup & Foster de Campero Casilda se compararon con los valores de referencia correspondientes a las reproductoras comerciales con una prueba t de Student para una única muestra poblacional. Resultados: Campero Casilda presentó menor peso corporal asintótico y menor tasa de maduración que ambos genotipos de referencia. El peso asintótico y la tasa de maduración de sus huevos no difirieron significativamente de Ross308® y fueron mayores a Cobb500®. Conclusiones: Campero Casilda presenta una combinación favorable de ambos patrones dinámicos –peso corporal y peso del huevo- y representa una opción como genotipo doble propósito para sistemas avícolas alternativos.

In this investigation the concentration of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 was determined in egg-laying hens commercialized at the Bazurto Market of the Cartagena city (Colombia) and it was compared with the maximum values allowed in Colombia. 6 eggs, from randomly chosen main food market of the city and 10 days provided, were analyzed. The analytical technique of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of aflatoxins. The presence of aflatoxins G1 (0.27 a 0.76 ppb) and G2 (25.49 a 125.67 ppb) in some samples of the eggs were detected and amounts remains of aflatoxin B1 and B2 were not found. The amounts of aflatoxin G2 exceeded the permitted values in NTC 3581 in most samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The zootechnical additives can substitute therapies with antibiotics and offer an effective alternative to produce healthy feeds sustainably. Aim. To evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a symbiotic additive (PROBIOLEV®) in the diet of birds, based on glucane oligosaccharides, mannanes, and Bacillus subtilis E44. Materials and Methods: The experiment relied on a completely randomized design with two treatments: T-1 (basal diet or control) and T-2 (basal diet plus PROBIOLEV®). The production indicators, such as the percentage of birds included to hatching, total number of eggs per bird, and per week, feed consumption and feed conversion, and health indicators like mortality and viability, were evaluated as well. Results: Compared to the control, the birds that received the symbiotic biopreparation in the diet produced more eggs (1516 and 176) throughout the experimental period. The inclusion of the additive was observed to improve all the indicators evaluated, and caused benefits (P<0.05) in the percentage of birds in production, total eggs per bird (23.7 and 27.6), and egg conversion per feed consumed (6.3 and 5.4). Moreover, the application of the additive reduced mortality (29.7% and 12.5%), and increased bird viability (70 and 87%, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the symbiotic potential of PROBIOLEV® in the improvement of production and health indicators of heavy purebread birds. This a natural additive, which can be interesting biotechnological choice for animal production in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hylorina sylvatica (Anura: Batrachyidae), or the emerald frog, is a pond-breeding anuran endemic to the austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. It is considered a vulnerable species in Argentina, where it has a narrow distribution; records and biological information relating to the frog in this area are scarce. In this study, conducted in 2016, the reproductive parameters of the emerald frog were investigated in detail in a semitemporary wetland of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. During the spring, the wetland was visited weekly in search of calling males, adults and individuals in amplexus. When amplexus was observed, eggs and larvae were collected from among the aquatic vegetation using dip-nets. Egg size and larval stage at hatching were registered. Calling males were registered during the second week of October, and the first couples were observed on 26 October. Three pairs of emerald frogs were captured and placed in enclosures within the wetlands in the afternoon. The males were smaller than the females. After 24 h the number of eggs laid in each enclosure was counted, and the males and females were released. The eggs were kept in each enclosure until hatching. Hatching occurred after 10--14 days in the enclosures. This information contributes to our knowledge of the biology of the emerald frog in Patagonia, Argentina, and is the only information currently available on this species in Nahuel Huapi National Park, where the species breeds in various aquatic environments, from semi-temporary wet meadows to large permanent ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epistemological framework is given to evaluate the scientificity of Llorente-Bousquets and collaborators' exochorionic images, understood as schematic representations of a system of morphological characters. The images are evaluated at the intersection of three units of analysis: styles, dimensions and epistemic virtues. They are analyzed according to: i) three styles: chirography, photography, and scanning electron microscope (SEM); ii) four virtues: Truth-to-Nature (TtN), Mechanical Objectivity (MO), Structural Objectivity (SO), and Trained Judgment (TJ). Two substyles of chirography are located: descriptive-realistic and 'lettered schema'. The schema is interpreted as characteristica universalis, conceptography or direct representation of morphological concepts, of which provides a priori knowledge. The scientific nature of the image production process is analyzed and evaluated through the model of epistemic virtues and a proposed extended version of it (D&G+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prospectiva (1692-8261) is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Caribe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des pays Tropicaux is the property of CIRAD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science is the property of Fundacion Selva Andina Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science is the property of Fundacion Selva Andina Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After reviewing the development of the scholarly perceptions about the authorship of La Celestina in the last years, this article focuses on the subsets Mp-a and Mp-b of the Manuscrito de Palacio, particularly on the first one and some textual modifications of the second copyst. It states that they stem from different models and that the marginal glosses are in fact additions by the second copyst which end up in the printed text. This process was applied to the twelve acts that formed the primitive Terentian comedy. It also suggests some solutions for the loci critici «Minerva», «el can», «el cuchillo» and «huevos cocidos».

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26439/ing.ind2020.n038.4822 El presente artículo tiene como objetivo diseñar y construir un prototipo de máquina selladora y clasificadora de huevos por peso para la empresa Aviporc S.A.C. Se realizaron diez pruebas de funcionamiento para determinar la clasificación de huevos de gallina mediante el reconocimiento del peso correcto, donde se concluyó que la eficiencia para clasificar huevos clase A es del 100 % y de clase B, 80 %, lo que representa una herramienta útil para la realización de la jerarquización del producto y la reducción de costos y tiempos.

Background: The implementation of productive strategies using semi-captivity hens under more familiar conditions to the natural behavior of the species requires adapted phenotypes. These populations require dual-purpose animals, which can produce meat and eggs as part of the current industrial aviculture. Aim. To evaluate the dynamic growth patterns and egg weight, compared to the commercial heavy breeders. Materials and methods: The body weight was checked weekly, between birth and 60 weeks, and the eggs were weighed between sexual maturity and the end of the cycle, in 100 Campero Casilda hens. The body weight data versus chronological age were adjusted according to the Gompertz model, and the egg's weekly weight versus egg age, according to the Weatherup & Foster model. The same adjustment was done to the data collected from the managing guides corresponding to heavy breeding hens Ross308® and Cobb500®. The average values of parameter estimators with a biological significance for the Gompertz and Weatherup & Foster for the Campero Casilda were compared to the reference values corresponding to the commercial breeders, using Student T for a single population sample. Results: Campero Casilda showed the best asymptotic body weight and lowest rate of maturation than the two reference genotypes. The asymptotic weight and egg maturation rates did not differ significantly from Ross308®, and were higher than Cobb500®. Conclusions: Campero Casilda showed a favorable combination of both dynamic patterns -body weight and egg weight. It is a choice of dual-purpose genotype for alternative poultry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the ground colors and maculations of 161 Common Murre (Uria aalge) eggs laid by 43 females in 3 small breeding groups on the cliffs of Skomer Island, Wales, in 2016-2018. Both the colors and maculations varied much more among than within females, providing quantitative evidence for the egg traits that might facilitate the parents' ability to identify their own eggs on the crowded breeding ledges where the density is typically ~20 eggs m-2. Ground colors had a trimodal distribution of hue values (whitish to pale brown, pale blue, or vivid blue-green) and maculations ranged from none to complex squiggles and blotches. The eggs laid by each female in different years were similar to one another, and replacement eggs laid by females within years were also more similar to their first egg than to other eggs in the same breeding group. Egg appearance did not differ among the 3 breeding groups that we studied. Our findings thus support anecdotal observations that, within and between years, female Common Murres lay eggs that have similar ground colors and maculations. We do not, however, find evidence that there is much difference among the eggs laid in different parts of a colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular pathology that occurs with excess free radicals, which damages the photoreceptors of the retina producing a disability in the pigment epithelium, which leads, in the most advanced cases, to severe and irreversible vision loss. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L & Z) intake, which are abundant pigments in the macula and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as a role as blue light filter, seem to have a positive effect on the prevention of AMD. These carotenoids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be ingested with the diet. Green leafy vegetables and eggs are the main sources. The former have a higher L & Z content than the latter, but their bioavailability is lower, due to the lipid matrix of the egg yolk, which improves absorption. In relation to the consumption of eggs and AMD prevention, short-term consumption has been associated with an increase in serum concentrations of L & Z, long-term consumption with an increase in the density of macular pigment, and very long- term consumption with a decrease in the risk of developing advanced and neovascular AMD. These facts highlight the advantages of consuming eggs, which should be incorporated into the usual diet in order to minimize the progression of this ocular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres niveles de proteína (15,0 %, 16,5 % y 18,0 %) y tres niveles de aminoácidos azufrados (0,71 %, 0,78 %, 0,86 %) sobre el comportamiento productivo y calidad de los huevos en gallinas. Se emplearon 216 gallinas de postura de la línea Hy-Line Brown de 25 semanas de edad, en la que los nueve tratamientos fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 3 × 3, con una duración del experimento de 12 semanas. La mayor producción de huevos fue registrada en las aves alimentadas con 18,0 % de proteína bruta (PB), mientras que el mayor peso de huevo fue obtenido con 15,0 % de PB. La mayor ganancia de peso se obtuvo con las dietas que contenían 16,5 % de PB. A excepción de la ganancia de peso, no se observaron efectos significativos (p > 0,05) de los niveles de metionina + cistina sobre los factores estudiados, donde la mayor ganancia de peso se obtuvo con el nivel de metionina + cistina de 0,86 %. Las mayores retribuciones económicas se obtuvieron con los niveles de proteína y aminoácidos azufrados de 16,50 % y 0,71 % o 15,00 % y 0,86 %, respectivamente.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the major causes of food-borne disease worldwide, mainly associated with the consumption of poultry products, such as eggs. Several control methods have been implemented in the egg production process, but they have not effectively reduced the outbreaks. Therefore, the use of bacteriophages for the biocontrol of food-borne pathogens is gaining increasing acceptance. Objective: To evaluate a bacteriophage cocktail's effectiveness in reducing SE counts in an experimentally contaminated mayonnaise-like matrix. Methods: Homemade mayonnaise was contaminated with SE (103 CFU/ml) with equal volume to a matrix (1:1) treated with a bacteriophage cocktail (five phages, MOI 105), and stored at 21 °C for 24 and 72 h. Bacterial counts were performed to evaluate the bio-controlling activity of the cocktail and compared with a contaminated but not treated group. Results: Significant reductions (up to 3.75 log10 CFU/ml) were observed in the bacteriophage-treated groups (p<0.0001). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of bacteriophages as biocontrol agents for Salmonella Enteritidis in a raw-egg-derivative foodstuff. Further studies are needed to prove the reduction in an undiluted homemade mayonnaise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hamadryas feronia feronia, which mimics the bark of trees and often makes attention-grabbing sounds when flying, has good potential for bio-business (export, handicrafts and tourist breeding centers). However, its biological aspects are still unknown, which hinder its captive breeding. Objectives: To determine the biological aspects of feeding, oviposition behavior, life cycle and natural enemies of Hamadryas feronia feronia L. in San Rafael-Indiana, Loreto, Peru. Methods: Sampling was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in the community of San Rafael, Amazon River. Adults were observed during the day, their food plants, oviposition behavior, biological cycle and natural enemies were recorded. The life cycle was evaluated in the laboratory, using 20 eggs recently deposited on the leaves of their host plant. Results: The larvae of H. feronia feronia feed on the leaves of Dalechampia juruana and the adults feed on the bark sap of Cedrela odorata, Spondias mombin, Uncaria guianensis and the fermented fruits of Syzygium malaccense and Pouteria caimito. Adults fly on sunny days, males emit a loud sound when flying. Females prior to oviposition flit irregularly around their host plant between 8.00 and 14.00 h and deposit their eggs on the upper and underside of leaves in isolation, most frequently on the underside. The duration of the cycle from egg to adult was 28.24 days. The average egg period was 3.75 ± 0.40 days. The larvae passed through five larval instars: the first instar 3.21 ± 1.03 days, the second 2.78 ± 0.73 days, the third 2.67 ± 0.77 days, the fourth 3.22 ± 0.81 days, and the fifth 4.61 ± 0.70 days. The prepupal period lasted 1.33 ± 0.49 days and the pupal period 6.67 ± 0.80 days; the adults hatched between 10:00 to 11:00 h. Adult males lived on average 31.80 ± 3.29 days, the female 42.00 ± 2.14 days and their eggs were parasitized by a microhymenopteran (Scelionidae). Conclusions: This study allowed to know the biological aspects of H. feronia feronia identifying its food plants of both larvae and adults, its oviposition behavior, as well as it has been determined that it has a relatively short biological cycle with a period of less than one month and its eggs are consumed by a small Hymenoptera that can hinder its production. This work provides necessary information to develop the breeding of H. feronia feronia, oriented to its conservation, environmental education and biotrade (tourism and handicrafts) in the Peruvian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ornitologia Colombiana is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Choline is a critical nutrient for cognitive development, metabolism and liver function, and regulation of homocysteine metabolism. It is necessary for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the synthesis of betaine and that of phosphatidylcholine. In the perinatal stage, the contribution of choline is essential to guarantee optimal cognitive development and prevent neural tube defects. In adults and the elderly, choline intake has been associated with better performance in some cognitive functions and a lower incidence of dementia. Despite their important role in health, most groups of the population do not reach their adequate intake of choline, and even some groups, such as pregnant women or childbearing women, have a higher risk of having suboptimal intakes. The main dietary sources of choline are eggs, dairy and meats, so reducing or limiting the consumption of these foods negatively impacts on the intake of this nutrient. Given the need to improve the intake of this vitamin, it is necessary to increase the knowledge that the population has about this nutrient, raising awareness about the importance of choline for health, and its main food sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prospectiva (1692-8261) is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Caribe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Muchas de las larvas de Lepidóptera producen daños a cultivos en sus primeros estadios del desarrollo, estas inhiben el crecimiento foliar de las plantas. Ya que las larvas en su crecimiento necesitan alimentarse constantemente en gran medida de hojas (plantas hospederas) para completar su ciclo biológico. En esta investigación se reportan los enemigos naturales de la mariposa Dione juno (Cramer, 1779) mediante un monitoreo de cuatro meses (agosto-noviembre 2019) en cultivos de Passiflora edulis Sims, J. (1818) sembrados en terrenos del Centro Regional de Coclé, Universidad de Panamá, sede de la provincia de Coclé. Mediante observaciones en Passiflora edulis, la planta hospedera natural de Dione juno, se identificaron en cada una de las etapas del desarrollo de su ciclo biológico los enemigos naturales; depredadores como hormigas: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Solenopsis giminata (Fabricius 1804), chinche: Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Mormidea notulata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1844) y la avispas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Mischocyttarus angulatus Richards 1945) y parasitoides como, moscas: Diptera, Tachinidae, Lespesia archippivora (Riley). Consideramos que estos enemigos naturales son la causa de la disminución de la población de Dione juno en el cultivo de Passiflora edulis, en los cultivos de P. edulis, del Centro Regional Universitario de la Universidad de Panamá, en la Provincia de Coclé. El ciclo biológico de Dione juno dura aproximadamente ± 30 días, desde la eclosión de los huevos hasta la etapa adulta.

Copyright of Ardeola is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tapaculo (Scytalopus) nests are difficult to find because they are well-hidden in cavities, hence, there is limited information available for this genus. We provide additional data for the nest and eggs and the first descriptions of the nestlings, their growth, and parental behavior of the Blackish Tapaculo (Scytalopus latrans) based on one nest found in western Colombia. The nest was an underground dome composed of moss and rootlets in the side of a slope covered with montane scrub. It contained 2 eggs, both of which hatched 13 days later; the nestlings fledged 13 days after hatching. Nest attentiveness was 76.1% with an average of 18.7 (SD 3.1) trips per day. The parents conducted longer, but more variable, on-bouts of 66.3 min (SD 158.1) compared to shorter off-bouts of 9.3 min (SD 8.7). Combined nestling growth rates averaged 8.7% (SD 4.9) for tarsus, 14.2% (SD 8.3) for wing, and 14.3% (SD 14.36) for weight (% daily growth). Twenty-six days after fledging, a color-banded nestling was caught in a mist net with an assumed parent nearby, approximately 150 m from the nest. Our S. latrans nest, eggs, and clutch size match previous Scytalopus tapaculo nesting reports, but we documented lower nest attentiveness and higher nestling growth rates than previously reported in the genus. Additionally, we observed a parent provisioning nestlings with a frog, which constitutes a significant expansion of the known diet for the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) has been well documented, but brood parasitism of this host by other bird species has not been recorded. Hooded Warblers are known to abandon nests with parasitic eggs early in the egg-laying phase, but are not known to remove parasitic eggs from their nests or to replace these foreign eggs with their own. In June 2017, a Hooded Warbler nest in northeastern Pennsylvania was observed to contain a cuckoo (Coccyzus sp.) egg. Within a span of 6 days, the cuckoo egg was gone and a third Hooded Warbler egg was observed in its place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study was conducted in a farm belonging to the Combinado Avícola de Matanzas, Cuba, using Leghorn L33 line laying hens, and lasted three months. The objetive of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical additive SUBTILPROBIO® for feeding laying hens. This additive was produced with strains of Bacillus subtilis, subtilis C-31 subspecies, in a concentration of 109 endospores/g. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with two treatments: group I, base diet (maize-soybean) and group II: base diet + SUBTILPROBIO® C-31. An amount of 600 hens, with a mean weight of 1,192 grams and 113 days old was used, divided into 300 hens/treatment. Hens were located in cages under similar conditions of management and feeding. In order to determine the probiotic effect of this zootechnical additive, liveweight, intake, conversion, total production of eggs and cracked eggs, and total disqualified eggs, as well as mortality, death by pecking, cannibalism and viability were evaluated. Results showed that hens consumed the zootechnical additive had a higher increase of productive indicators like liveweight (1640.0g/1585.0g), intake (10780 kg-1 DM), conversion (1.92/2.10), egg production (15,540/15,397), cracked eggs (1,092/1,114) and disqualified eggs (69/76) for P<0.01 regarding control group. In other indicators like mortality (1/4), viability (99.6/98.6%) and death by pecking/cannibalism (1/2), there are no differences among treatments. Results of this research demonstrate feasibility of the use of this zootechnical additive as improver of productive and health indicators for this category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del Albendazol sulfóxido en el control de la parasitosis ovino-caprina, se realizaron estudios in vivo e in vitro en tres rebaños ovinos y uno caprino, en la provincia de Matanzas (Cuba). En cada rebaño se hizo un ensayo de reducción de conteo fecal de huevos (RCFH) y un ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión de huevecillos. Para el ensayo in vivo se seleccionaron 30 animales por rebaño con altos conteos de huevos de nematodos, y se asignaron de forma aleatoria dos tratamientos con 15 animales cada uno: Albendazol sulfóxido (Labiozol®, Labiofam, Cuba) en la dosis recomendada para ovejas y cabras, y un grupo control que no se desparasitó. A los 11 días postratamiento se muestrearon los animales para evaluar la RCFH. Para el ensayo in vitro se colectaron heces, se almacenaron de forma anaerobia y se evaluó la inhibición de la eclosión de huevos frente a concentraciones seriadas de Albendazol sulfóxido, de 75 a 0,07 mg/mL. Se calculó la RCFH y se estimó la concetración efectiva media (CE50). En los cuatro rebaños el Labiozol® no logró reducir el conteo de huevos, con valores que indicaron resistencia de los parásitos a este fármaco (RCFH inferior a 95 % y/o sus intervalos de confianza inferiores a 90 %) y predominio absoluto de Haemonchus contortus. El estudio de inhibición de la eclosión de huevecillos evidenció una gran variabilidad en la CE50, con valores de hasta más de 1 000 veces superior respecto a la CE50.más baja. Se concluye que en los rebaños estudiados hubo evidencias de la resistencia de H. contortus al Albendazol sulfóxido

We investigated the influence of anthropogenic impacts on Podocnemis unifilis nesting on a stretch from Falsino river, with two forest reserves, and one urban area on the Araguari river, state of Amapá, eastern Amazon (Brazil). A total of 180 nests was found, being 89.4% in the forest reserves and only 10.6% in urban areas. On Falsino river, we observed a spawning pattern, because the number of nests was correlated to the length and width of the nesting locations. On Araguari river, the P. unifilis nests were generally found in areas with surrounding vegetation up to 5 m in height, minimum distance of 120 m from residences and immediately or after places of higher exploration of pebbles. Females from Falsino river had smaller eggs, but the neonates were bigger and with higher body condition index than the neonates from Araguari river. About 80% of the nests were prey, mostly because of the large collection of eggs for feeding. Furthermore, it was found that adult turtle hunting have been intense. Although one of the areas is in forest reserves, the human impacts were similar to those caused in urban areas, indicating the need to implement protection programs for the conservation of P. unifilis.

Se evaluó la acción del Albendazol y el Triclabendazol en 12 ovinos adultos de raza Pelibuey infectados por Fasciola hepatica, en la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Se empleó de un test de reducción y conteo de huevos en las heces (HPG). Para el estudio crítico se distribuyeron los animales en 2 grupos. En el día 0 (D0) los animales del grupo 1 recibieron Albendazol vía oral y los del grupo 2 Triclabendazol. Se colectaron las muestras de heces (vía retal) los días 0 (D0), 14 (D14) y 28 (D28) después del tratamiento. Para el conteo de huevos de F. hepatica se empleó la técnica de McMaster, con una solución de ZnCl2 (1,5 g/ml) a una sensibilidad de 10 huevos por gramos de heces. Se calculó la media de los resultados por grupo y, posterior-mente, el por ciento de reducción de huevos. El D14 se observó 98,17 % de reducción de huevos para el grupo 1 y 79,58 % para el grupo 2; sin embargo, en el D28 el grupo 1 alcanzó 33 % de reducción de huevos, mientras que el grupo 2 alcanzó 90,39 %. El tratamiento con Triclabendozol se mostró más efectivo para F. hepatica.

In this work, the nitrogen conversion factor in eggs Coturnix coturnix L. (Japanese quail), was determined. 850 eggs of Coturnix coturnix L. were analyzed, the maximum precipitation and extraction pH was determined by the Kjeldahl method, at different acidic and basic pH. The protein conversion factors found for white and yolk were 6.33 and 6.30 respectively. These results justify its consumption compared to other food sources, high in protein in the human diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El pargo flamenco (Lutjanus guttatus) es un pez marino con alta demanda en los mercados de algunos países de Latinoamérica. Debido a su importancia se inició su cultivo en jaulas flotantes usando juveniles silvestres. A partir de la década pasada se iniciaron los primeros estudios para lograr su reproducción en cautiverio y la producción masiva de juveniles que puedan sustentar el cultivo completo. El presente trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha sobre desove, manejo e incubación de huevos y protocolos de larvicultura del pargo flamenco en Latinoamérica.

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and reproductive parameters of Rhamdia quelen females fed with pelleted ration containing different levels of digestible energy, and to evaluate the vigor of their offspring. The breeders were placed in tanks under conditions of photoperiod and natural temperature. The fishes were fed for 255 days with isoproteic rations pelleted containing 35% of crude protein (CP) and five levels of the digestible energy (DE) (2700, 2950, 3200, 3450, 3700 kcal kg-1). The fishes were distributed in a randomized experimental design compounded by five treatments and three repetitions. A 16-m² tank containing six females and three males was considered as one experimental unit. The weight and weight gain was evaluated. During the reproductive season the females were induced to breeding by hormonal manipulation and were evaluated the percentage of spawning females, the total fecundity, relative fecundity (number of oocytes per gram of spawning females), the fertilization ratio, the time to hatching and the vigor of larvae. The growth and reproductive parameters were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the increasing levels of digestible energy of the rations. The feeding of R. quelen females in breeding fit can be carried out with 2700 kcal kg-1 pelletized ration based on vegetal ingredients, without damage to reproductive performance.

The Neotropical region exhibits the largest diversity of fish worldwide; however, little is known about the early development of fish species from this region. Therefore, to contribute to this knowledge, this study aimed to morphologically describe the early stages of development (eggs, larvae and juveniles) of S. pappaterra using morphometric and meristic traits, and to assess changes in growth rates throughout larval and juvenile development by analyzing the relationships between various morphometric traits using analytical regression models. Both juvenile and adult individuals with mouth-brooded offspring were collected along the basins of the Cuiabá and Manso Rivers in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil between March 2000 and March 2004. After the adults were identified, the offspring were classified according to its stage (embryonic, larval or juvenile period), and various morphometric and meristic variables were individually measured (when possible). The eggs of this species are yellow in color, oval shaped, show dendritic pigmentation within their yolk, have small to moderately sized perivitelline spaces and lack a mucous membrane and oil droplets. The horizontal and vertical diameters of the sample yolks ranged from 1.43mm to 2.70mm and 1.05mm to 1.68mm, respectively. The standard length of the larval period varied from 4.30mm to 7.16mm, and the standard length of the juvenile period varied from 10.29mm to 24.57mm. Larvae exhibit yolk sacs with internal dendritic pigmentation and dark punctate pigmentation in the dorsal and ventral body regions, whereas irregular transverse spots along the flanks are observed during the juvenile period. Adhesive organs are only present during the yolk-sac stage and at the beginning of the flexion stage. The mouth is terminal during all stages of development. The myomere number varied from 22 to 29 (9 to 16 pre-anal and 10 to 16 post-anal), and the maximal numbers of fin rays and spines were as follows: dorsal, XVI+10; anal, IV+8; pectoral, 16; and pelvic, I+8. Growth analyses identified periods of important change in larval morphology (i.e., metamorphosis), particularly during the flexion and post-flexion stages and in juveniles. Therefore, the morphological development of S. pappaterra is consistent with the ecological requirements of this species, which primarily occurs in structured lentic environments with aquatic macrophytes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (1): 139-153. Epub 2015 March 01.