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In this study, the application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation for coastline protection was investigated. Untreated, moderately, and heavily cemented near-prototype dunes were fabricated in the largest wave flume in North America at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University. Dunes were stabilized with two treatment application systems known as surface spraying and prefabricated vertical drains. Untreated and stabilized dunes were subjected to waves similar to Hurricane Sandy conditions recorded in New Jersey in 2012. Laboratory tests and in situ assessments were performed to quantify the improvement of mechanical properties of soil and investigate the performance of dunes subjected to extreme wave actions. Post-treatment cone penetration test sounding results indicated a significant cone tip resistance that was controlled by carbonate content and cementation distribution pattern. Similarly, monitoring the changes in the morphology of dunes demonstrated that the shear strength, cementation level, and cementation distribution pattern control the equilibrium beach profile, erosion rate, and mass loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the drawbacks of pausing the tenure clock, specifically in relation to extensions granted to faculty members for personal reasons. While extensions can be beneficial for affected faculty, they can also delay salary increases, job security, and recognition of career accomplishments without providing adequate financial support. The article suggests improving extension policies by allowing candidates to opt out, establishing clear tenure standards independent of a timeline, and making extensions more equitable by providing additional funding and addressing long-term salary consequences. The article also discusses the potential negative impacts of extensions on tenure cases and the vulnerability of pre-tenure faculty. Opt-out policies are considered best practice, but cultural norms and expectations around tenure can still present challenges for faculty who choose to opt out. The text further examines the challenges and potential negative outcomes associated with tenure clock extensions in academic institutions. It identifies three undesirable outcomes: administrators having discretion over granting extensions, raising the tenure requirements excessively, and extensions not actually moving the tenure date. The article proposes that tenure clock extensions should function as a safety net rather than an insurance policy and provides policy recommendations to ensure fair and appropriate use of extensions without penalizing faculty. It emphasizes the importance of clear communication, objective tenure standards, extended funding, and financial security for those who require extensions. [Extracted from the article]

Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Youth are the largest and most vulnerable group exposed to disasters. More evidence is needed regarding how youth mental health and health behaviors vary based on disaster exposure, how mental health influences health behaviors, and how diverse groups of youth may be differentially affected. Using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and Federal Emergency Management Agency, we examined the impact of Hurricane Sandy (2012) on mental health (sadness, suicidality) and health behaviors (substance use, physical activity, screen time, sexual behaviors) of 240,365 youth. Difference-in-differences regression analyses evaluated pre-disaster (2005–2011) and post-disaster (2013–2019) changes. There were 83,442 (34.7 %) adolescents (51.2 % female, 18.1 % non-Hispanic White) located in 6 districts exposed to Hurricane Sandy and 156,923 (65.3 %) adolescents located in 13 non-exposed districts. Exposure was associated with differences in substance use, physical (in)activity, and risky sexual behaviors, but not mental health outcomes. Mental health did not moderate the association between disaster exposure and health behaviors. Hispanic adolescents and those identifying as Other races/ethnicities were most vulnerable to post-disaster negative health outcomes. Study limitations include questionnaire design, cross-sectional data, sampling, and possible response biases. Findings provide critical information about youth mental health and health behaviors following disasters, as well as how youth may differ in their responses. Findings provide guidance for early identification and resource allocation for youth at higher risk for post-disaster health issues. • We evaluated Hurricane Sandy's impact on adolescent health using difference-in-difference logistic regression models. • No association found between Hurricane Sandy exposure and mental health outcomes (depression, suicidality). • Exposure was linked to changes in substance use, physical (in)activity, and risky sexual behaviors. • Mental health did not moderate the link between disaster exposure and adolescent health. • Youth in areas exposed to the hurricane demonstrated smaller decreases in smoking and larger increases in cannabis use. • Adolescents identifying as Hispanic and Other races were at the highest risk for adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty years of surface elevation table and marker horizon monitoring at three sites along the Fire Island (New York, USA) barrier island indicates that rates of marsh surface elevation change (Watch Hill, 4.4 mm year−1; Hospital Point, 3.5 mm year−1; Great Gun, − 0.3 mm year−1) were lower than the rate of monthly mean sea-level rise during the 2002–2022 monitoring period (5.1 mm year−1, NOAA Sandy Hook, NJ, water level station). The Great Gun monitoring site, with an elevation deficit relative to sea-level rise, shallow subsidence (surface accretion > marsh elevation rate), low elevation capital, prolonged marsh surface flooding, and declining vegetation cover, displays characteristics common to deteriorating marshes. The submergence trend was not as evident at the other monitoring sites, but with low tidal range (0.4 m) and projections of accelerated sea-level rise, sustainability is questioned if marsh elevation change continues to lag behind the local rate of relative sea-level rise. Hurricane Sandy occurred during the monitoring period (October 2012), creating a new inlet located about 300 m from one of the monitoring sites. Surprisingly, no immediate signals of deposition or erosion were noted from the marker horizon sampling. Overwash sand deposits on the marsh surface were extensive along Fire Island, although not reaching the monitoring sites, and will likely provide opportunities for future salt marsh growth, as will the flood-tide delta created by the inlet. Projecting the future of barrier island salt marshes under a regime of accelerated sea-level rise and episodic storms requires knowledge of marsh elevation and accretion processes and geomorphic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local governments stand at the frontline of responding to natural hazards, but they often lack the capacity and resources necessary to manage such crises. Disasters can affect local government spending and revenue streams and also trigger land-use changes with enduing fiscal implications. This paper examines the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy and the subsequent New York state buyout and acquisition programs, focusing on their impact on the local finances of municipalities and school districts across the state. Utilizing a difference-in-differences model, we found that the storm led to a significant short-term increase in both total revenues and expenditures across the affected municipalities and school districts. The surge in revenues was driven mainly by increased intergovernmental transfers, and the increase in expenditures was manifested largely in general government spending. Our findings also suggest that there were discernible disparities in fiscal responses between wealthier and poorer municipalities and that the state's buyout program did not affect local fiscal stability, and had negligible effects on local tax bases and public service delivery. These findings offer insights for policymakers and stakeholders as they plan local fiscal strategies and prepare for future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geologic reconstructions of overwash events can extend storm records beyond the brief instrumental record. However, the return periods of storms calculated from geologic records alone may underestimate the frequency of events given the preservation bias of geologic records. Here, we compare a geologic reconstruction of storm activity from a salt marsh in New Jersey to two neighboring instrumental records at the Sandy Hook and Battery tide gauges. Eight overwash deposits were identified within the marsh's stratigraphy by their fan‐shaped morphology and coarser mean grain size (3.6 ± 0.7 φ) compared to autochthonous sediments they were embedded in (5.6 ± 0.8 φ). We used an age–depth model based on modern chronohorizons and three radiocarbon dates to provide age constraints for the overwash deposits. Seven of the overwash deposits were attributed to historical storms, including the youngest overwash deposit from Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The four youngest overwash deposits overlap with instrumental records. In contrast, the Sandy Hook and Battery tide gauges recorded eight and 11 extreme water levels above the 10% annual expected probability (AEP) of exceedance level, respectively, between 1932/1920 and the present. The geologic record in northern New Jersey, therefore, has a 36–50% preservation potential of capturing extreme water levels above the 10% AEP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical infrastructures are ubiquitous and their interdependencies have become more complex leading to their uncertain behaviors in the aftermath of disasters. The article develops an integrated economic input–output model that incorporates household‐level survey data from Hurricane Sandy, which made its landfall in 2012. In this survey, 427 respondents who were living in the state of New Jersey during Hurricane Sandy were used in the study. The integration of their responses allowed us to show the probability and duration of various types of critical infrastructure failures due to a catastrophic hurricane event and estimate the economic losses across different sectors. The percentage of disruption and recovery period for various infrastructure systems were extracted from the survey, which were then utilized in the economic input–output model comprising of 71 economic sectors. Sectors were then ranked according to: (i) inoperability, the percentage in which a sector is disrupted relative to its ideal level, and (ii) economic loss, the monetary worth of business interruption caused by the disaster. With the combined infrastructure disruptions in the state of New Jersey, the model estimated an economic loss of $36 billion, which is consistent with published estimates. Results from this article can provide insights for future disaster preparedness and resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The William Green Plantation near Trenton, New Jersey, was built circa 1720 and continuously occupied until the 1960s. The plantation served as a billet for Washington's Light Cavalry during the Revolutionary War. Archival research has demonstrated the presence of indentured servants and at least one enslaved person on the plantation during the early nineteenth century. Because the archaeological signature of marginalized groups is often difficult to distinguish, an investigation of the attic space was conducted in 2019. At least seven occurrences of intentionally concealed material including a cage crinoline, worn beneath a woman's skirt, were discovered under the attic floorboards. The concealed items fall in the mid-late nineteenth century time range. However, the items are not likely attributed to indentured or enslaved persons at the plantation. Instead, they resemble the long tradition of ritual concealment in historical homesteads usually associated with folk magic arriving with immigrants from England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how professional investors capitalize flood risk in commercial real estate (CRE) markets after hurricane Sandy. We show that New York CRE exposed to flood risk trades at a large, persistent discount. CRE in Boston, which mostly escaped direct hurricane‐related damage, also exhibits persistent price penalties. These price effects are driven by asset‐level capitalization rates, not building occupancy. Results from a placebo test using real estate prices in Chicago show that our inferences are not driven by coincidental, unrelated price trends for waterfront real estate assets. Our results are consistent with professional investors responding to a persistent shift in the salience of flood risk post‐Sandy, even in locations spared by the disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters can cause physical damage and provide information about flood risk. We find that the prices of one to three family homes in New York City hit by high storm surges during Hurricane Sandy dropped by 16% and remained 12% lower than pre‐storm levels 6 years after the storm. Effects were concentrated in areas outside of pre‐existing flood zones, where risks were less salient, and they were more persistent in lower income areas. Finally, flooding may have changed neighborhood demographic trends, as post‐Sandy homebuyers in hard‐hit areas had lower incomes and were less likely to be white. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment interventions that are tailored to optimize acceptance among the non-U.S.–born population are essential for U.S. tuberculosis elimination. We investigated the impact of medical interpreter use on LTBI treatment acceptance and completion among non-U.S.–born persons in a multisite study. Methods: The Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium was a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants at high risk for LTBI at ten U.S. sites with 18 affiliated clinics from 2012 to 2017. Non-U.S.–born participants with at least one positive tuberculosis infection test result were included in analyses. Characteristics associated with LTBI treatment offer, acceptance, and completion were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression with random intercepts to account for clustering by enrollment site. Our primary outcomes were whether use of an interpreter was associated with LTBI treatment acceptance and completion. We also evaluated whether interpreter usage was associated treatment offer and whether interpreter type was associated with treatment offer, acceptance, or completion. Results: Among 8,761 non-U.S.–born participants, those who used an interpreter during the initial interview had a significantly greater odds of accepting LTBI treatment than those who did not use an interpreter. There was no association between use of an interpreter and a clinician's decision to offer treatment or treatment completion once accepted. Characteristics associated with lower odds of treatment being offered included experiencing homelessness and identifying as Pacific Islander persons. Lower treatment acceptance was observed in Black and Latino persons and lower treatment completion by participants experiencing homelessness. Successful treatment completion was associated with use of shorter rifamycin-based regimens. Interpreter type was not associated with LTBI treatment offer, acceptance, or completion. Conclusions: We found greater LTBI treatment acceptance was associated with interpreter use among non-U.S.–born individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the methods and benefits of expanding small-scale solar electricity to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, alleviate financial energy burdens, and enhance community resilience. It discusses the mechanics and costs of small-scale solar installations, the advantages for low-income and weather-vulnerable communities, and the integration of distributed solar into the traditional utility system. The article includes state case studies, such as Hawaii's increase in distributed solar generation and California's efforts towards energy equity. It concludes with best practices for successful expansion, including incentives for property owners, non-property owners, solar installation contractors, and specific communities. The text also discusses the risks and benefits of off-grid PV systems, financing options, and the paradigm shift towards distributed solar generation in the utility industry. It highlights the success of Hawaii and California in promoting on-site solar generation and provides recommendations for the development of laws and policies to support its expansion. The article emphasizes the benefits of on-site solar generation for local communities, particularly low-income and weather-vulnerable communities, and the potential for collaboration between legislatures, utilities, and regulators to facilitate its growth. It also addresses the challenges faced by lower-income communities and suggests strategies to overcome them. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of expanding distributed solar electricity generation for its cost reduction, improved energy security, and environmental benefits. [Extracted from the article]

Recovering from a disaster while simultaneously living in a barely habitable home poses significant challenges for residents. Although the process of recovering in-situ is common following hurricanes, it remains understudied in the disaster science literature. This study explores this experience through the examination of two primary questions. First, given its inherent challenges, why do residents live in their significantly damaged dwellings during recovery? Second, what is the nature of this experience, physically, emotionally, and perceptually? This article explores the experiences of ten Hurricane Sandy (2012) survivors who undertook housing recovery while living in barely habitable dwellings. Data were gathered from focus groups conducted with Superstorm Sandy Survivors from New Jersey five years after the hurricane. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to understand housing recovery processes from the perspectives of residents recovering in situ. Findings examine the physical, emotional, and perceptual nature of this experience, highlighting reasons why households recover in-situ, the hazards and vulnerabilities associated with that experience, and the elusive nature of emotional recovery. This study contributes to the growing body of literature surrounding recovery experiences, and it introduces valuable insights into the challenges that survivors face while recovering in-situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS), including exposure to natural disasters, has been shown to serve as a risk factor for future child psychopathology and suboptimal brain development, particularly among brain regions shown to be sensitive to stress and trauma exposure. However, statistical approaches deployed in most studies are usually constrained by a limited number of variables for the sake of statistical power. Explainable machine learning, on the other hand, enables the study of high data dimension and offers novel insights into the prominent subset of behavioral phenotypes and brain regions most susceptible to PNMS. In the present study, we aimed to identify the most important child neurobehavioral and brain features associated with in utero exposure to Superstorm Sandy (SS). Methods: By leveraging an explainable machine learning technique, the Shapley additive explanations method, we tested the marginal feature effect on SS exposures and examined the individual variable effects on disaster exposure. Results: Results show that certain brain regions are especially sensitive to in utero exposure to SS. Specifically, in utero SS exposure was associated with larger gray matter volume (GMV) in the right caudate, right hippocampus, and left amygdala and smaller GMV in the right parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, higher aggression scores at age 5 distinctly correlated with SS exposure. Discussion: These findings suggest in utero SS exposure may be associated with greater aggression and suboptimal developmental alterations among various limbic and basal ganglia brain regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misinformation disseminated via online social networks can cause social confusion and result in inadequate responses during disasters and emergencies. To contribute to social media-based disaster resilience, we aim to decipher the spread of disaster misinformation and its correction through the case study of the disaster rumor during Hurricane Sandy (2012) on Twitter. We first leveraged social network analysis to identify different types of accounts that are influential in spreading and debunking disaster misinformation. Second, we examined how the spatiotemporal proximity to the rumor event influences the sharing of misinformation and the sharing of corrections on Twitter. Third, through sentiment analysis, we went further by examining how spatiotemporal and demographic similarity between social media users affect behavioral and emotional responses to misinformation. Finally, sentiment contagion across rumor and correction networks was also examined. Our findings generate novel insights into detecting and counteracting misinformation using social media with implications for disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Janet Cardiff's The Forty Part Motet (2001, 40Part), 'a reworking of Thomas Tallis's Spem in alium (c. 1570)', the forty voice parts of the motet are played back via forty speakers. Visitors walk through and around the encompassing speakers arrayed in eight groups of five. Still in constant demand, 40Part enjoys unparalleled success in the contemporary art scene. This article shows how 40Part became associated with New York City's rituals of remembrance and healing after 9/11 and Hurricane Sandy, and considers the politics of the installation's stagings as part of those commemorations. Here, 40Part took on a specifically comforting function that speaks to larger tendencies in twenty-first-century auditory culture, American cultural responses to trauma, and commemorative uses of music, which are built on white bourgeois sentimental attachments and the techno-social production of imagined spaces and times of privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High impact events like Hurricane Sandy (2012) significantly affect society and decision-making around weather/climate adaptation. Our understanding of the potential effects of such events is limited to their rare historical occurrences. Climate change might alter these events to an extent that current adaptation responses become insufficient. Furthermore, internal climate variability in the current climate might also lead to slightly different events with possible larger societal impacts. Therefore, exploring high impact events under different conditions becomes important for (future) impact assessment. In this study, we create storylines of Sandy to assess compound coastal flooding on critical infrastructure in New York City under different scenarios, including climate change effects (on the storm and through sea level rise) and internal variability (variations in the storm's intensity and location). We find that 1 m of sea level rise increases average flood volumes by 4.2 times, while maximised precipitation scenarios (internal variability) lead to a 2.5-fold increase in flood volumes. The maximised precipitation scenarios impact inland critical infrastructure assets with low water levels, while sea level rise impacts fewer coastal assets though with high water levels. The diversity in hazards and impacts demonstrates the importance of building a set of relevant scenarios, including those representing the effects of climate change and internal variability. The integration of a modelling framework connecting meteorological conditions to local hazards and impacts provides relevant and accessible information that can directly be integrated into high impact event assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature demonstrates that both place attachment and social capital play considerable, and likely interdependent, roles in disaster recovery. This paper contributes to our understanding of these constructs by presenting findings from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of communities impacted by a home buyout program implemented in New York after Hurricane Sandy (N = 111). Results suggest a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and bonding social capital, in which the relative importance of each construct can shift over time, and where losses in one of these areas may lead to cascading losses in the other areas. For buyout participants, increases in place dependence were associated with increases in bonding social capital, indicating that relocatees either regained both place dependence and bonding social capital in their new homes and communities, or they lost and did not regain both, depending on whether their new home and community met their emotional and functional needs sufficiently. For residents who remained in place, higher levels of place dependence were associated with losses in bonding social capital, reflecting the potential consequences of living in postdisaster limbo. Implications for future buyout research, policy, and practice are discussed. Highlights: There is a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and social capital in disasters.Comparative data suggest significant, unrecovered losses in communities affected by home buyouts.Disaster survivors face tradeoffs in recovery between aspects of place attachment and social capitalPostdisaster relocation had negative effects on place identity and bonding social capitalWe must consider the substantial losses associated with buyouts in balance with potential benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal boulder deposits (CBDs), named huracanolitos in Cuba, found along rocky shores, result from storms, tropical cyclones or tsunamis. Despite being important indicators for coastal hazard assessment, determining the mode of emplacement of CBDs (storm/hurricane or tsunami) is not easy. We present, for the first time in English, data about CBDs along the shores of the Cuban Archipelago. More specifically, we focused on a CBD, that is, to our knowledge, the largest one ever described on Cuba Island. Located on a low‐lying coral reef terrace on the SE shore of the island, the reefal limestone CBD is emplaced seaward of the ruins of the Bucanero resort. The resort was built in 1989, endured hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Dennis (2005) and, in October 2012, was destroyed by Hurricane Sandy. As observed on Corona and Landsat satellite images since 1962, the CBD was not moved, neither by hurricane Flora (1963) nor Sandy (2012), both associated with important storm surges and powerful swells. We determined the CBD volume with open‐source structure from motion photogrammetry as 82.6 m3. Then, we estimated from a sample its density as 2550 kg/m3. Finally we calculated its weight as 210.6 tons. We calculated the minimum flow velocity responsible for the emplacement of the CBD 33 ± 2 m inland—6.83 ± 0.54 m/s and 7.26 ± 0.51 m/s. Such flow velocities are compatible with those of both tsunamis and hurricanes. Because of the greater frequency of hurricanes than tsunamis in the area, we propose that a tropical cyclone generated the extreme surge and wave that emplaced the Bucanero CBD. Such CBDs demonstrate that on Cuba's south coast, we can expect marine flooding exceeding the flooding during the major hurricanes of recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of a disaster, the price of essential goods and services, including reconstruction materials and labor, sharply increases. Price gouging refers to sellers and supply companies charging exorbitant prices for necessary items to take advantage of spikes in demand. Thirty-seven states out of fifty in the US have legislation regulating price gouging, regarded as an unfair or deceptive trade practice during a disaster or emergency. Consumers, academics, and practitioners have mixed opinions about the effectiveness of this anti-price gouging law. Most existing studies focus on the impact of general price control qualitatively and theoretically. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of the anti-price gouging law on the speed of reconstruction in Virginia and Maryland in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. The difference-in-differences approach was used to estimate the effect of the anti-price gouging law (treatment) on postdisaster reconstruction speed. This approach allows us to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated group by comparing the pre-to-post changes in the average number of monthly building permits in counties in Virginia (treatment group) with those of counties in Maryland (control group), while at the same time controlling for time-invariant county-specific heterogeneity and some other factors that may affect the monthly building permits for both groups in the absence of treatment. The findings show that the anti-price gouging law decreased the speed of postdisaster reconstruction by 18 units of monthly building permits (additional units in the treatment group due to treatment), indicating that the number of new housing units authorized by monthly building permits in Virginia is 18 units less than that of Maryland. The findings of this research are expected to assist policymakers and decision-makers in understanding the effect of the anti-price gouging law on reconstruction speed and enhancing their postdisaster reconstruction strategies and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immeasurable Weather: Meteorological Data and Settler Colonialism from 1820 to Hurricane Sandy by Sara J. Grossman is a book that examines the historical production of U.S. weather data and its connection to power. The book covers topics such as state incentives to collect weather data, the labor required for data collection, the militarization of weather data, and the impact of settler colonialism on the public's perception of data production. Grossman uses primary sources and interdisciplinary scholarship to support her claims and explores themes related to data, automation, and technology. The book also highlights the material consequences of the nation-state's pursuit of data. [Extracted from the article]

High impact events like Hurricane Sandy (2012) significantly affect society and decision-making around weather/climate adaptation. Our understanding of the potential effects of such events is limited to their rare historical occurrences. Climate change might alter these events to an extent that current adaptation responses become insufficient. Furthermore, internal climate variability in the current climate might also lead to slightly different events with possible larger societal impacts. Therefore, exploring high impact events under different conditions becomes important for (future) impact assessment. In this study, we create storylines of Sandy to assess compound coastal flooding on critical infrastructure in New York City under different scenarios, including climate change effects (on the storm, and through sea level rise) and internal variability (variations in the storms intensity and location). We find that 1m of sea level rise increases average flood volumes by 4.2 times, while maximised precipitation scenarios (internal variability) lead to a 2.5-fold increase of flood volumes. The maximised precipitation scenarios impact inland critical infrastructure assets with low water levels, while sea level rise impacts fewer coastal assets though with high water levels. The diversity in hazards and impacts demonstrates the importance of building a set of relevant scenarios, including those representing the effects of climate change and internal variability. A modelling framework connecting meteorological conditions to impacts provides relevant and accessible information that can directly be integrated into high impact event assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winning accolades including "the most fascinating museum in New York State worth traveling for" and the "best museum for kids", the National Museum of Mathematics, or MoMath as it was affectionately called, was on its way. Graph: The Math Encounters (mathencounters.org) public presentation series celebrates the wonder of mathematics, bringing serious math researchers to the stage to share what they do with a general audience. Additionally, mathematics has historically not been equally welcoming to all groups, and the math community as a whole is focused on improving diversity - how can MoMath continue to participate in this effort in its second decade?. [Extracted from the article]

Phyllis has more stage time than any other character, is the driver of the play's scenic dramaturgy (since the play follows her across North America), and, unlike Karl and Julie, she is never mediated on the video screen above the stage. By contrast, Karl's leap into the nihilistic arms of Julie is also an escape from the scientists he meets at BCI, while Phyllis, only dimly aware of the upcoming Paris summit, finds the scientists "depressing" and blames them for her husband's transformation, even as she depends on them to find Karl (Cosson 13-14, 29). The play's dramaturgy alternates between Phyllis's search and flashbacks of Karl's slow transformation and political seduction by Julie, until husband and wife finally find each other and Karl says goodbye. Steve Cosson and Michael Friedman already had climate change on their minds when they encountered I The Great Immensity i . [Extracted from the article]

The in utero environment influences fetal development and may predispose to disease later in life. This study examines whether maternal suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with children's behavioral trajectories across early childhood, and whether prenatal maternal traumatic stress accelerates the trajectories. The study included mother-child dyads (N = 331, 51.1% boys) from the longitudinal Stress In Pregnancy study; 31.1% (n = 103) mothers were Exposed to Superstorm Sandy. During their second trimester, 12.4% (n = 41) women reported suicidal ideation during pregnancy. Mothers completed the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children-2 annually from ages 2- to 6-years-old to assess multiple behavioral domains. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated within-person longitudinal trajectories of clinical behaviors, and between-person effects of maternal suicidal ideation and disaster-related stress in utero on changes in child behavior. For children exposed to both risks, Atypical behaviors (i.e., unusual behaviors, social disconnection) increased linearly across early childhood. Exposure to Superstorm Sandy and maternal suicidal ideation were independently associated with non-linear increases in Anxiety severity and maternal suicidal ideation during pregnancy was associated with a linear increase in Attention problems across early childhood. Maternal suicidal ideation during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for a range of behavioral and emotional difficulties in early childhood and the trajectory of atypical behaviors was amplified by disaster-related traumatic stress. Findings highlight the need for health professionals to screen for suicidal ideation among their pregnant patients. Pregnant women who experience severe stress may require additional monitoring and support to reduce risk for poorer early childhood outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the estimation of short-term excess deaths caused by tropical cyclones in the United States over a 32-year period. Using an ensemble of Bayesian models and death registration data, the study reveals the varying impact of different tropical cyclones on mortality, highlighting Hurricane Katrina in 2005 as the deadliest. The research also explores how excess mortality after tropical cyclones is influenced by factors such as social vulnerability.

We investigated the variability of annual frequencies of upper air steering patterns that were similar to the one that resulted in the recurvature of Hurricane Sandy's track towards the US east coast in 2012. The analyses showed that such steering patterns could occur over 50 times yearly, with higher probabilities in the colder season. The frequencies of these events have decreased since the beginning of the observations in 1979; however, this trend has reversed in the past 10–15 years. These trends are aligned with trends in the intensity of the negative phase North Atlantic Oscillation and the positive phase of the Southern Oscillation Index. In addition to the long‐term trends, we observed a significant periodicity in the annual frequencies of the steering pattern around 6–8 years. Combining the probabilities of relevant steering patterns with the probabilities of hurricanes per season in the relevant domain led to the conclusion that the overall probability of events like Sandy increased from approximately 0.26% in 1979 (0.48 days) to 0.45% (0.81 days) per season since 1979. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are sexually dimorphic generalist turtles that inhabit salt marshes and estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey, USA, directly impacting terrapin populations inhabiting central and southern Barnegat Bay. To examine potential food web mediated impacts to the terrapin population and their foraging dynamics we examined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values collected from terrapin tissues (2011, 2015, 2019) and resource taxa (2015, 2019) within Barnegat Bay. Isotopic analysis revealed that mature females had lower carbon and higher nitrogen values than immature females and males with almost no isotopic niche overlap, whereas males and immature females had statistically similar values with overlapping niches. Terrapins and resources collected from island habitats contained higher carbon and nitrogen values than those from mainland habitats, with little overlap in niche between habitats. There were no significant temporal variations detected in either carbon or nitrogen values from terrapins between years, or within each habitat pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy. These findings suggest long-term terrapin foraging dynamics have remained relatively stable, signifying resilience to disturbance events within the study site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In complex area transformations, strategic planning tends to include a collaborative approach that invites a wide range of stakeholders. But because the perspectives and interests are diverse, partly conflicting, and dynamic, a unifying plan of action will not emerge without good process design and proper facilitation for dialogue. Designers are increasingly considered as helpful for pursuing a shared vision of a complex challenge, as they are expected to unify across organizational and cultural boundaries. We interviewed 11 professionals who worked on the Rebuild by Design programme (restoring hurricane Sandy damage in and around New York) for more than five years. The interviews reveal how these designers supported reaching across boundaries as well as the conditions that are vital for designers to achieve their intended added value in a collaborative strategic planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US utilizes a market-driven resourcing approach for post-disaster residential housing reconstruction, where homeowners must quickly secure financial capital to compete for limited construction resources. However, homeowners' financial capital resource availability is driven by household socioeconomic status. Construction resource availability is constrained by the available supply of labor and material within the local construction industry market. Since resource availability varies geographically under a market-driven model, this study investigates the spatially varying influence of pre-disaster construction and socioeconomic resource availability on post-disaster residential housing recovery. County-level data was collected and analyzed for US states with federal major disaster declarations following Hurricane Sandy, namely Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) model results show how the uneven geographic distribution of pre-disaster construction and socioeconomic resources creates regional disparities in post-disaster housing recovery outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on challenges that public libraries face during COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the problematic equity lens that public libraries have been using in providing services and programs to their communities. It mentions specific focus on youth and families and public libraries and researchers to pursue research. It also mentions response of public libraries disasters such as Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, and Rita.