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17 results on '"IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA"'

1. Physico-chemical, biochemical and nutritional characterisation of 42 organic wastes and residues from France

Author

Henry Fisgativa, R. Girault, Patrick Dabert, Anne Tremier, Fabrice Béline, Cyril Marcilhac, Marie-Line Daumer, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
characterisation, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, DECHET ORGANIQUE, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemicophysical properties, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, biochemistry, Organic matter, PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, lcsh:Science (General), physicochemical analysis, ANALYSE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, BIOCHIMIE, Résidu organique, organic wastes, Total dissolved solids, Manure, 6. Clean water, Green waste, Anaerobic digestion, Food waste, nutrition, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Slurry, lcsh:R858-859.7, Sewage treatment, CARACTERISATION, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

The data presented in this article regroup characterisation of organic matter and nutritional composition of 42 organic wastes and residues usually used as substrates for anaerobic digestion. Those wastes have different origins from agro-industrial, agricultural and urban sectors in France including: algae, slaughterhouse waste, fat, food waste, fruits and vegetables residues, green waste, slurry, manure, wastewater treatment plant sludge and agricultural residues. The properties of organic matter are distinguished between global parameters (pH, total solids, volatile solids, COD and BMP), organic matter fractionation (biochemical and Van Soest) and the main nutrients content (N, P, K, Mg, Ca and S). (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Published
2018
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2. Control of unsteady wake flows using local oscillation of body surface: a data assimilation study

Author

Gronskis, Alejandro, Heitz, Dominique, Mémin, Etienne, Facultad de Ingeniería [Buenos Aires] (FIUBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences (FLUMINANCE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA UBA LABORATORIO DE FLUIDODINAMICA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES ARG, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, and INRIA RENNES BRETAGNE ATLANTIQUE FRA

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, PIV, ECOULEMENT CISAILLE, DATA ASSIMILATION, data, shear flow, WAKE FLOW, Data assimilation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, DONNEE, Wake flow
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Sûreté alimentaire; National audience; Variational data assimilation (DA) can expand active flow control techniques to design wall actuators such as synthetic jets or plasma discharges which are difficult to model computationally due to ambiguous boundary conditions at the wall. Here, the control vector for the DA problem is formed by the initial flow and the solid boundary conditions for the body, that means its tangential speed at all times where no particular form is prescribed to the body motion. The control domain takes into account the modeled body surface by means of a direct forcing immersed boundary method (IBM). We consider a configuration of reference flow past a rotationally oscillating cylinder given by Mons & Sagaut, 2017, J. Fluid Mech.. The proposed methodology is applied to the reconstruction of a reference flow generated by a partial control restricted to an upstream part of the cylinder surface as given by Bergmann & Cordier, 2006, Phys. Fluids. DA is also employed to build wall conditions for a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of flow around an airfoil with local oscillation, from synthetic observations of the wake flow downstream the body.

Published
2018

3. Variational Data Assimilation with Turbulence Modelling

Author

Chandramouli, P., Mémin, E., Heitz, D., Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences (FLUMINANCE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, INRIA RENNES BRETAGNE ATLANTIQUE FRA, and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
DONNEE, Physics::Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, MODELISATION, Statistics::Computation, Physics::Geophysics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, modelling, DATA ASSIMILATION, SUBGRID MODELING, data, LES, Data assimilation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, TURBULENCE, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Subgrid Modeling
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Sûreté alimentaire [ADD2_IRSTEA]Valoriser les effluents et déchets organiques; National audience; Assimilate observations and optimise the analysis trajectory for turbulent flows.

Published
2018

4. Effect of constituents of a model emulsion on the germination and growth of bacterial spores

Author

Léonard Akkari, L., Couvert, Olivier, LEPAGE, J.F., Rondeau-Mouro, Corinne, Desriac, N., Mathot, A.G., Leguérinel, Ivan, COROLLER, Louis, Decourcelle, N., Université de Brest (UBO), ADRIA Développement, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITE DE BREST EA 3882 LUBEM IBSAM UMT14.1 SPORE RISK QUIMPER FRA, ADRIA DEVELOPPEMENT QUIMPER FRA, and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
EMULSIONS, spores, diffusion, BACTERIE, emulsions, PFG NMR, CROISSANCE BIOLOGIQUE, DIFFUSIONS, germination, nmr spectroscopy, BACTERIAL SPORES, Bacterial spores, Organic acids, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Diffusions, SPORE, bacteria, RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE NUCLEAIRE, EMULSION, ORGANIC ACIDS
Abstract

International audience; In foodstuffs, interactions between spores, inhibitors and food components may occur (i.e. physicochemical interactions and/or physical constraints). Then, the objective of this study was to understand such phenomena using a model emulsion as a microbial medium to improve, in the long term, bacterial spores control. Emulsions were prepared with mineral oil mixed with distilled water using sonication and were stabilized by Tween 80 and Span 80. Oil content was either 35 % (v/v) or 50 % (v/v) and each emulsion was studied in the presence of organic acid (acetic, lactic or hexanoic) at two pH levels (5.5 and 6). Bacillus weihenstephanensis (strain KBAB4) was used as a model of a high prevalence food spoiler. It was enumerated by a most probable number assay in microplate. Growth in a Bioscreen® and flow cytometry were used to quantify antimicrobial effect on spores and cells. Self-diffusion coefficients of emulsion components were measured by Pulsed Field Gradient-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG-NMR). Main results are that the antimicrobial activity depends on oil volume ratio. In the same conditions, spores germinated/grew by more than 25% more in the 50/50 O/W emulsion than in the 35/65. This could be explained by a Tween 80 antimicrobial effect, dependant on pH, and by the distribution of organic acids between oil and water phases. Tween 80 effect has been hardly described in the literature and this study will be continued on spores of different species.

Published
2017

5. In situ measurement of molecule mobility in mucilage polysaccharide gels from different species

Author

Berger, A., Grandjean, O., Rondeau Mouro, C., North, H., INRA AGRO PARIS TECH CNRS UNIVERSITE PARIS SACLAY VERSAILLES, and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
RELAXATION MAGNETIQUE, nmr spectroscopy, MICROSCOPIE, microscopy, food and beverages, Relaxation time, magnetic relaxation, fluorescence, RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE NUCLEAIRE, mucilage
Abstract

On imbibition the seeds of certain species form a polysaccharide hydrogel, termed mucilage. In Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina Sativa, this mucilage is composed of 2 layers, the outer being water-soluble while the inner is tightly attached to the seed surface. Determining the macromolecular properties of mucilage polymers in the inner mucilage layer can only be achieved in situ as detaching the polysaccharides involves breaking them either by physical or enzymatic methods, which alters or eliminates their structure. The physicochemical properties of mucilage polysaccharides will affect accessibility and mobility of molecules within the hydrogel. In order to compare inner mucilage properties between species, we have developed methods that can be applied to intact seeds. In a previous study we used low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize water uptake and mobility in Arabidopsis mucilage based on T2 relaxation times (Saez-Aguayo et al. 2014). We have now developed complementary cytological techniques to examine the molecule mobility that exploit fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence anisotropy. Our results show that although molecules of different sizes show similar mobile fractions, the recovery time becomes slower with increased molecule size. The speed with which molecules rotate is also size dependent. The larger mucilage layer in Camelina sativa allowed mobility to be measured in different regions of the mucilage and indicate that heterogeneity for physicochemical properties exists within this layer. A comparison of mobility in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa mucilage will be presented in addition to data from H-NMR microspectroscopy which is also being developed for Camelina seeds.

Published
2017

6. Validation d'une technique de vélocimétrie du gaz par imagerie infrarouge

Author

Barbu, Ioana, Guibert, Anthony, Loisel, Philippe, Heitz, Dominique, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences (FLUMINANCE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), ADEME, ONERA, AFVL, Projet TrackyLeaks, ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences ( FLUMINANCE ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria )

Subjects
[ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, BIOGAZ, INFRAROUGE, IMAGE, Particle Image Velocimetry PIV, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], optical flow, VELOCIMETRIE PAR IMAGE DE PARTICULES, Gas leakage, IMAGERIE INFRAROUGE, Optical flow OF, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, particle image velocimetry, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], biogas, infrared radiation, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, imagerie infrarouge, Jet flow, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, FLOT OPTIQUE
Abstract

International audience; La mesure des débits de fuite de gaz est un enjeu important notamment sur le plan écologique. Ces fuites de gaz peuvent être observées à partir d’une caméra infrarouge. L’objectif de cette étude est la validation d’une méthode d’estimation du champ de vitesse du gaz à partir de séquences d’images infrarouges. Pour le cas d’un jet de méthane dans un flux d’air en soufflerie nous montrons qu’un estimateur de flot optique tenant compte des incertitudes d’observations images permet de remonter à la vitesse du gaz. Ces résultats sont comparés à une mesure PIV dans le jet de gaz.

Published
2016
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7. Assessment of Sub-Grid Scale Tensors in the context of Very Large Eddy Simulations

Author

Chandramouli, P., Heitz, Dominique, Laizet, S., Mémin, E., Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences (FLUMINANCE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS LONDON GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INRIA FLUMINANCE RENNES FRA, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Imperial College London, and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)

Subjects
ECOULEMENT TURBULENT, turbulent flow, SIMULATION NUMÉRIQUE DIRECTIVE, DNS, simulation numérique directive, LES, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MODELE SUBGRID
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE; International audience; Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are effectively used as an alternative to Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). However, computationally even LES are quite expensive to perform for complex flows. This brings into the forefront the concept of Very Large Eddy Simulations (VLES) involving coarser meshes and hence cheaper computations. An associated limitation with VLES is the accuracy and stability of the sub-grid scale (SGS) model to be used. This is the focus of this poster wherein several SGS models have been compared for the simple case of channel flow at coarse resolution. The development of LES SGS models has been an area of scientific research for many decades starting with Smagorinsky [1]. Recent developments in this field have produced many modern SGS models which have been shown to work better than classical models [3][4]. In this study, the classical models namely, classic Smagorinsky as well as its dynamic version along with the WALE model, have been compared with the contemporary uncertainity based models developed by [2] and the implicit LES model developed by [3] in the context of VLES. The accuracy of the statistics have been analysed by comparison with the channel flow data of [4].

Published
2016

8. Optical Flow Estimation out of Infrared Image Sequences of Biogas

Author

Barbu, Ioana, Guibert, Anthony, Loisel, Philipe, Heitz, Dominique, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences (FLUMINANCE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), ADEME, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement ( UR OPAALE ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Fluid Flow Analysis, Description and Control from Image Sequences ( FLUMINANCE ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria )

Subjects
[ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, BIOGAZ, BIOGAS LEAK, DETECTION DE POLLUTION, leakage, ENERGIE, TRAITEMENT D'IMAGE, Biogas, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], optical flow, FUITE, image analysis, Optical flow OF, particle image velocimetry, biogas, gases, PIV particle image velocimetry, IR IMAGE, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, VELOCIMETRIE PAR IMAGE DE PARTICULES, Gas leakage, GAZ, FLUX OPTIQUE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], ANALYSEUR INFRAROUGE, Jet flow, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, energy, Methanization bioprocesses
Abstract

International audience; Over the past years, agricultural mechanisation plants have known a steep emergence, encouraged, among other factors, by an estimated high environmental gain. However, the occurrence of the biogas leaks around the installations tends to depreciate the latter. The classical methane loss estimation techniques rely on ballpark figures and numerous simplifying assumptions; as a consequence, they are attached to a loose confidence score. Recently, such leakages have been detected and quantified with infrared (IR) sensors. In particular, optical flow methods have been used to estimate the flow out of the resulting IR image sequences. We address this problem in the current study; more explicitly, we tackle the question of the optical flow estimation out of IR images of biogas. For doing so we i) we build a benchmark mimicking with high-fidelity the outdoor conditions of a real methanisation plant ii) we reconstruct the projected velocity fields of the biogas plume with a technique with uncertainty evaluation iii) we validate our approach by assessing the reconstruction of the gas leakage 2D silhouette out of IR images against instantaneous fields estimated with high accuracy out of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements.; Ces dernières années la production d'énergie à partir de biogaz a été encouragée en agriculture. Toutefois des fuites de gaz peuvent se produire sur les installations. Les techniques d'estimations de débits de fuite actuelles sont peu précises. L'objectif est d'exploiter la visualisation infrarouge -déjà utilisée en détection de fuites- pour la mesure des débits de fuites. Pour ce faire on propose un nouvel estimateur de mouvement de gaz à partir de séquences d'images infrarouge.

Published
2016
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9. Allocating an environmental load to wastewater sludge when sludge status moves from 'waste' to 'product', a methodological challenge

Author

Pradel, M., Aissani, Lynda, Villot, J., Baudez, J.C., Laforest, V., Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR TSCF FRA, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, and ECOLE DES MINES SAINT-ETIENNE FRA

Subjects
EAU USEE, DECHET, sewage sludge, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, wastes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, BOUES RESIDUAIRES, life cycle analysis, PRODUIT, wastewater, produit
Abstract

International audience; Wastewater sludge is currently considered as a waste but with new industrial practices and european regulation (End-of-Waste directive) considerate will be soon a valuable product. This paradigm shift must be followed by the consideration of environmental constraints to introduce this new product on market. Assessing the environmental performances of these future ‘marketable sludges’ can be processed with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) but it first implies to take into consideration the whole life cycle of this new product from the raw material extraction up to the product end of life. How this can be reasonably done when waste LCA consider that the waste is free of any environmental load when entering the system, assumption often known as the “zero burden approach”? Giving a environmental load to “product sludge” consists in the resolution of several methodological questions which arise as the wastewater treatment plant will provide several coproducts : the clean water and the sludge, both having a merchandable value. This paradigm shift implies that the wastewater treatment plant has several function and multifunctionnality has to be resolved. Because sludge is a direct and indivisible production from water treatment, process subdivision cannot be achieved. In the same basis, system expansion can be barely used as there is no known alternative to the “wastewater treatment” if system is expanded to only keep the “sludge production” one. Finally, allocating an environmental burden to these two coproducts appears to be the best way to solve the induced multifunctionnality. As a consequence, allocation factors have to be developed to allocate an environmental burden both to the sludge produced and to the clean water released in the receiving media. This is quite challenging as it supposed (i) to model the sludge production both from primary treatement and biological treatment, (ii) to create new allocation factor based on these physical and biological processes as classical allocation factors cannot be used, (iii) to validate these allocation factors whatever the wastewater treatment plant configuration. This paper aims at presenting the allocation factors used to charge sludge with an environmental burden when sludge is from now considered as “product sludge”.

Published
2016

10. LCA applied to residual organic fertilizing materials - An overview of emission inventory data at the spreading operation

Author

Déchaux, C., Pradel, Marilys, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, IRSTEA CLERMONT FERRAND UR TSCF FRA, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), and Irstea Publications, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, EMISSION GAZEUSE, SPREADING EMISSIONS, LCA, WASTES, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, MINERAL ORGANIZER, FERTILISANT, ENGRAIS MINERAUX, BIOPRODUCTS, DECHET, STATE OF THE ART, SPREADING, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, EPANDAGE, GAS EMISSION, RESIDUAL ORGANIC FERTILISING MATERIALS, MINERAL FERTILISERS, LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS, PRODUIT BIOLOGIQUE
Abstract

International audience; LCA case studies applied to waste management options of organic products face several inventory completeness issues and among them, the spreading operation emissions. Indeed, organic products contain nutrient elements which turn into air, water and soil emissions after their spreading. LCA practitioners need to consider these quantitative data in order to carry out relevant assessments. Emission data obtained from experimental measurements, as they are specific to each residual organic fertilizing material and each pedoclimatic condition, cannot be used as generic data. Moreover, when the LCA case study is processed based on the primary function “to treat the waste”, the secondary function “to fertilize with organic fertilizers” can be solved by system expansion by subtracting the secondary functions. Thus, mineral fertilizers, also having spreading emissions, are often subtracted. This paper aims to present results of a literature review dealing with emission data at the spreading operation, both for residual organic fertilizing materials and mineral fertilizers. A set of 30 papers detailing emission data of organic wastes and mineral fertilizers during the spreading operation was selected from a corpus of 132 peer-reviewed papers (1) dealing with LCA case studies of residual organic fertilizing materials including land spreading. The selected papers were used to state how the N, P and trace metal element emissions at spreading operation were inventoried, as well as the consideration of C emission and sequestration. Emissions are heterogeneously considered in the case studies. N2O, NH3 and NO3- are usually quantified whereas NOx, N2 and PO43- are often left out of the system. Based on the literature review, it has not been possible to suggest emission values for each type of residual organic fertilizing material. Main conclusions are: •N2O : their value ranges are quite consensual (0,17%-2% for direct emissions, 1% of N emitted as NH3 and NOx and 0,75-2% of N emitted as NO3- for indirect emissions (2) ). •As NH3 emissions are very variable, a pedoclimatic model should be used. There is a high variability on nitrate models, which should be better investigated. •NO3- emissions into water have a great variability, either on the emission rate value or on the different forms N is expressed (leakages or run-off of total N, N-NH4…). •NOx are expressed as a % of direct and/or indirect N2O emission produced during denitrification. •N2 is rarely considered, whereas it should be in order to equilibrate the N mass balance and check that no N is artificially created or lost. •PO43- leakages are in a range value of 1,7% to 10% of P. •For climate change, biogenic carbon is hardly ever considered. Trace metal concentration is barely considered and constitutes a subject to explore especially concerning toxicity and ecotoxicity impacts. The spreading emissions of mineral fertilizers are not often considered. Emission rates are issued from the same sources as for organic products, and their values are very close. The influence of the spreading emissions of the organic products and the substituted mineral fertilizers on the LCA results has been noticed several times. Over all, the impact of the spreading operation has been pointed out because of the NH3 contribution to acidification and the NH3 and nitrate contributions to eutrophication. The impact of the spreading operation on climate change due to N2O emissions, on eutrophication due to phosphate emissions, on particulate matter formation due to NOx emissions has also been detected. Those results tempt to pay particular attention to the inventory emissions. The review led to an overview of the emission inventory data for residual organic fertilizing materials and mineral fertilizers at the spreading operation. A value range has been proposed for each P-based and N-based emission and when it was not possible, variability has been highlighted. The infrequent consideration of carbon fate and trace metals in LCA case studies has been pointed out. The impact of the inventory emissions on results has been assessed to be weighty and leads to recommendations for LCA practitioners in waste management. (1) The corpus was constituted using queries with the keyword groups: digestate, mineral fertilizer, LCA, substitution, allocation (2) Direct N2O emissions are emitted during the nitrification and denitrification processes during the nitrogen cycle. Indirect N2O emissions are emitted from NH3, NOx and NO3- emissions.

Published
2016

11. Continuum de spatialisation - Un cadre conceptuel innovant pour considérer l'information spatiale en ACV

Author

Aissani, L., Le Féon, S., Bioteau, T., Giraud, F., Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
geographical information systems, SPATIALISATION, SYSTEME D'INFORMATION GEOGRAPHIQUE, INNOVATION, LCA, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, life cycle analysis
Abstract

International audience; Conceptual framework for spatial differentiation in LCA.; Présentation du cadre conceptuel de spatialisation de l'ACV.

Published
2015

12. From food to energy: a spatialization continuum to assess the environmental impacts of collective biogas plants

Author

Le Féon, Samuel, Aissani, Lynda, Bioteau, Thierry, Giraud, F., Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
EUTROPHISATION, SPATIALISATION, METHANISATION, eutrophication, methane fermentation, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, territory, life cycle analysis, TERRITOIRE
Abstract

International audience; Methodology and case study of spatial differenciation for eutrophication impact of digestate export.; Méthodologie et étude de cas de la spatialisation de l'impact eutrophisation de l'export de digestat de méthanisation.

Published
2015

13. Proposition de résolution de la multifonctionnalité lors des ACV des unités de méthanisation territoriale

Author

Esnouf, Antoine, Aissani, Lynda, Laurent, F., Déchaux, C., IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
fonction, METHANISATION, methane fermentation, LCA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, territory, life cycle analysis, FONCTION, TERRITOIRE
Abstract

International audience; LCAs of biogas plant scenarios according to their functions.; ACV comparative des filières de méthanisation territoriale selon le service rendu.

Published
2015

14. Spatial differentiation? Yes, but, not only for impact characterization!

Author

Le Féon, Samuel, Aissani, Lynda, IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
SPATIALISATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ANALYSE DU CYCLE DE VIE, life cycle analysis, environmental impact, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Abstract

International audience; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) faces with spatial differentiation issues that have been discussed for years in LCA community. A 77 papers review reveals that the most commonly studied one is the lack of spatial consideration in the environmental impact characterization step and especially for local and regional impacts as eutrophication. This issue was the first to be identified by Potting and Hauschild (1997). More recently number of developments aim to include spatial and temporal information during the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) carrying out. If theorical methodologies are available for LCI and characterization steps, we only found practical ones for the two others LCA steps (Goal and scope definition and Results interpretation) despite identified issues (to overcome multifunctionality). This fact can be seen as a paradox as for the life cycle thinking and the iterative, holistic and global aspects of LCA. That is why we propose to develop a conceptual framework to consider the spatial differentiation all over the four steps of LCA in a continous and heterogeneous way. This framework is called “the spatialization continuum”. The first steps of the building of such a conceptual framework consist in the identification of the existing theorical and practical considerations of spatial differentiation in LCA and the potentiality to combine them towards a continous methodology. Two questions are explored: -For each step of LCA, what is necessary to ensure the spatial differentiation consideration? -What does a development on a precise step involve to the other ones? The conceptual framework also set the objective to examine different tools that appear to be indispensible when dealing with spatial information and their potential coupling with LCA methodology and practices. Among these tools, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are the most commonly used. However GIS appear not sufficient to overcome all the spatial differentiation related issues. In fact the spatialization continuum should ask for multiple external tools, methodologies or concepts. Therefore, the spatialization continuum materializes as a “multi-plugin” that will call for different solutions depending on the concerned issue and the required level of robustness. In this context, it differs from the classification of strategies to overcome LCA limitations proposed by Udo de Haes (2004): LCA extension, Hybrid LCA and Toolbox. We decided to call this new strategy the multi-plugin LCA.; Besoin de différenciation spatiale tout au long des 4 étapes de l'ACV.

Published
2015

15. Cuisson sous vide à basse température comme alternative pour réduire la consommation énergétique associé à la cuisson de pain

Author

Grenier, D., Lucas, T., Doursat, Christophe, Vanin, F.M., Flick, D., Trystram, G., IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA, AGROPARISTECH UMR1145 INGENIERIE ALIMENTS PROCEDES MASSY FRA, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Subjects
ECONOMIE D'ENERGIE, energy conservation, Cuisson sous vide, cooking, BASSE TEMPERATURE, CUISSON SOUS VIDE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CUISSON, bread, PAIN, cold
Abstract

International audience; Poster qui présente la méthodes cuisson sous vide.

Published
2015

16. Influence of drying conditions on the survival of pathogens in dried digestates

Author

Ngoc Dung Tran, Patrick Dabert, Patricia Arlabosse, IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Gestion environnementale et traitement biologique des déchets (UR GERE), ECOLE DES MINES D'ALBI CENTRE RAPSODEE ALBI FRA, and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, BIOGAZ, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], METHANISATION, DIGESTAT, methane fermentation, digestate, pathogène, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, biogas, DIGESTION ANAEROBIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, PATHOGÈNE
Abstract

International audience; Anaerobic digestion has been demonstrated to be an attractive process for the treatment of manure, municipal sewage sludge and industrial wastes. The residues from the digestion, called digestates, are commonly used as soil improvers or organic fertilizers. In Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs), thermal drying is a promising post-processing. Concentrating the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) reduces the cost of transport towards areas that require soil conditioner and/or fertilizer. Hygienisation of the final product can also be expected, depending on the temperature-time drying conditions (Carrington, 2001; Romdhana et al., 2009). Digestates may contain a range of zoonotic pathogens including, bacteria, viruses, parasites (Cunault et al., 2011). The proposed work aimed at characterizing the influence of the drying conditions on the survival of selected indicator microorganisms. Drying experiments were conducted in a closed loop drying system, using moist air as drying medium in a through-flow chamber. The air temperature was investigated in the range of 70 to 140°C. Digestates were sampled in an agricultural plant and in two plants treating mainly the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. Two types of bacterial indicators were selected to cover a range of thermoresistance: Escherichia coli, a bacteria most sensitive to thermal inactivation, and sulfite-reducing anaerobes (SRA), a group of the most resistant and sporulating bacteria. As Clostridium perfringens is commonly used as an indicator of treatment efficiency, its proportion in SRA was also quantified. As expected, the results showed that the ability of drying for inactivating the pathogens depends both on the target pathogen and on the temperature-time conditions. Contrary to E. Coli, C. perfringens is unaffected by a treatment at 70°C for 1 hour. Thermotolerance can be represented by the decimation time, DT. For each pathogen, the values of DT were deduced from the experiments.

Published
2014

17. State of the art of digestates in France and of their agronomic value

Author

Dabert, P., Berger, Sébastien, Couturier, Charlène, Béline, Fabrice, Trémier, A., Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SOLAGRO TOULOUSE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and IRSTEA RENNES UR OPAALE FRA

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, BIOGAZ, METHANISATION, DIGESTAT, methane fermentation, digestate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, biogas, DIGESTION ANAEROBIE
Abstract

International audience; In France, as in several countries worldwide, anaerobic digestion is extensively promoted for the management of organic wastes from various origins like sludge from wastewater treatment plants, food-industry, agriculture (including animal manure and culture residues) and municipal solid waste (including household and green waste). Despite this strong promotion, the status of the digestate remains a problem since it is still considered as a waste by French regulation and can be used only for spreading on land or has to be transformed by composting. Since digestate composition may differ depending on the origin of the methanised substrates and since several different post-processing steps can be used to change its physico-chemical characteristics, we did a review of the different studies realized so far in France concerning anaerobic digestion main waste streams, digestates composition and agronomical value.

Published
2013

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