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ABSTRACT This research talks about investment, and its importance of in our lives. Islam looks at investment in a holistic and integrated view, as it is one of the foundations of people’s lives. Through it, urbanization is achieved, individuals owned, and societies grow and prosper, in a balanced image that links the world to the hereafter, the individual to the group, and the material to spirit and morals. Investment is one of the legitimate means of earning, as it involves the rotation and volatility of capital, and the harnessing of human and material economic resources. The strength of society and the nation is the strength of their members, and from here, individuals have a great responsibility to increase and enhance money through investment, and in that Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout says “If among the issues of reason and religion is that what is not done without a duty is an obligation, and the honor of the Islamic group was the first thing that Islam required of its people, and it depended on the three pillars: agriculture, industry, and trade. These pillars were obligatory and their coordination in a manner that achieves the good of the nation was an obligation. ».

Objectives: To evaluating the concentration level of IL-10 in serum of patients suffering from digestive disorders Blastocystis parasitic infection and compared with control group by using ELISA. Methadology: Case-control study design was conducted on 70 patients (33 males and 37 females) at Al-Sadr medical city and Al-Hakim General Hospital and Al-Sajad Hospital. A control group of 70 participitant (29 males and 41 females) who were without any history of disease were included. Their ages ranged between (6 - ≥ 60) years, during the period from the beginning of November 2021 to the end of February 2022. Results: The results showed (48.6%) of culture positive for B.hominis. The results of immunoassay showed mean difference ± standard error difference of IL-10 was (5.878 ± 10.462 Pg/ml) with a 95% confidence interval was (14.809-26.565) in intestinal disorder patients with significant difference (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Interleukin-10 concentration levels have a significant effect on the results of Blastocystosis patients suffering from digestive disorders.

The world has begun to be interested in developing new variations that fulfill the needs of the people, which necessitates research into some things that are still uninteresting, such as the many qualities of the varieties. The first cycle of increasing agricultural production begins with the seed, as seeds are one of the important factors affecting crop growth and productivity. High-quality seeds are characterized by a set of specifications, including their good fullness and homogeneity of sizes in the agricultural sample, which is intended to be comparable to plant growth and then balanced exploitation of light energy and growth sources by all plants equally, with its reflection on yield and quality. We conclude from most of the studies that have been reviewed that the technique of grading seed sizes led to stimulating and accelerating germination and thus increasing growth and raising the productivity and quality of crops. Therefore, the seeding rate must be determined according to the number of seeds per unit area, not the weight of the seeds per unit area, and the reason is due to the large variation in the weights of the seeds of one variety per crop planted in different environmental conditions. The majority of the studies likewise found an inverse association between the number of seeds and their size within one weight. Given the rise and rapid population growth, seed size grading may be the most important factor in enhancing output.

Dynamic changes in the blood-based biomarkers could be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), although the data are limited. We evaluated the association between the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and early NLR changes with survival in ICI-treated patients. We retrospectively evaluated the data of 231 patients with advanced-stage cancer. We recorded baseline clinical characteristics, baseline NLR and fourth-week NLR changes, and survival data. A compound prognostic score, the NLR2-CEL score, was developed with the following parameters: baseline NLR (

BACKGROUND: The albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) could be a prognostic biomarker in patients with cancer, although the data is limited in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the association between AGR and survival in ICI-treated patients. METHODS: The data of 212 advanced-stage patients were retrospectively evaluated in this cohort study. The association between AGR with overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with multivariate analyses. Additionally, receptor operating curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess the AGR’s predictive power in the very early progression (progression within two months) and long-term benefit (more than twelve months survival). RESULTS: The median AGR was calculated as 1.21, and patients were classified into AGR-low and high subgroups according to the median. In the multivariate analyses, patients with lower AGR (< 1.21) had decreased OS (HR: 1.530, 95% CI: 1.100–2.127, p= 0.011) and PFS (HR: 1.390, 95% CI: 1.020–1.895, p= 0.037). The area under curve of AGR to detect early progression and long-term benefit were 0.654 (95% CI: 0.562–0.747, p= 0.001) and 0.671 (95% CI: 0.598–0.744, p< 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, survival with ICIs was impaired in patients with lower AGR. Additionally, the AGR values could detect the very early progression and long-term benefit ICIs.

The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) entered treatment algorithms in most tumors. However, the data on the efficacy is limited in rare tumors with no phase III studies. We systemically reviewed the clinical trials evaluating the ICI efficacy in rare tumors and included a total of 47 clinical trials in this review. The ICIs demonstrated over 30% response rates in Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and became the standard of care. Additionally, the ICI efficacy was promising in thymic epithelial tumors and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. In contrast, the ICI efficacy is limited in most sarcomas, germ cell tumors and low-grade neuroendocrine tumors. The ICI efficacy seemed to be improved with combinations targeting tumor microenvironment in sarcomas. The available evidence on ICI efficacy in rare tumors denote a need for better patient selection and novel combination strategies to improve outcomes.

Background: The association between obesity and sarcopenia (via temporal muscle thickness) with overall survival (OS) has been evaluated in several glioblastoma multiforme studies, however, the data are inconclusive. Methods: The authors conducted meta-analyses via the generic inverse-variance method with a random-effects model. Results: In the pooled analysis of five studies, including 973 patients, patients with lower temporal muscle thickness had significantly decreased OS (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.16-2.28, p = 0.005). The pooled analysis of five studies, including 2131 patients, demonstrated decreased OS in patients with lower BMI compared with patients with obesity (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12-1.88, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Readily available body composition parameters could be used for prognosis prediction and to aid in treatment decisions in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. WOS:000686230400001 34409854 Q3

BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fulvestrant and affecting clinical factors, including the optimal sequencing of fulvestrant and chemotherapy in a real-life cohort. METHODS The data of 256 metastatic hormone-positive breast cancer patients treated with fulvestrant were evaluated. The association of clinical factors with survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analyses. RESULTS The median age of patients was 57 years. More than half of the patients used fulvestrant in later lines and after chemotherapy (75.8%). The median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all cohort were 6.05+/-0.56 and 29.70+/-1.61 months, respectively. Primary endocrine resistance (HR: 1.989, 95% CI: 1.430-2.766

Although the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became a vital part of cancer care, many patients do not respond to treatment, indicating need for biomarkers. The Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) is a recently developed peripheral blood count-based biomarker. Herein, we evaluated a PIV-based candidate scoring system as a prognostic biomarker in ICI-treated patients.A total of 120 advanced cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 inhibitors for any cancer type were included in this study. The PILE scoring system incorporating the PIV ( median vs. ≥ median), lactate dehydrogenase levels (normal vs. normal) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0 vs. ≥ 1) was constructed from the multivariate analyses and used for stratification. The association between overall survival (OS), progression-free survival and PILE risk category was evaluated with multivariate analysis.The median follow-up was 9.62 months and the median OS of all cohort were 12.42 ± 2.75 months. Patients with higher PIV had significantly decreased OS (7.75 ± 1.64 vs. 18.63 ± 4.26 months, p = 0.037). The patients in the PILE high-risk group (PILE score 2-3) had decreased OS (18.63 ± 4.02 vs. 5.09 ± 1.23 months, HR: 2.317, 95% CI: 1.450-3.700, p 0.001) and PFS (7.69 ± 1.30 vs. 2.69 ± 0.65 months, HR: 1.931, 95% CI: 1.263-2.954, p = 0.002) compared to PILE low-risk group (PILE score 0-1). The Harrell C-Index values were 0.65 and 0.61 for OS and PFS prediction, respectively.In this study, we demonstrated a decreased overall survival in ICI-treated patients with a higher PILE score. If prospective studies validate our results, PILE score could be a biomarker for immunotherapy.

Unplanned readmission in the first 30 days after discharge is an important medical problem, although the data on cancer patients is limited. So we planned to evaluate the rates and causes of early readmissions and the predisposing factors. Patients hospitalized in Hacettepe University Oncology services between August 2018 and July 2019 were included. The demographic features, tumor stages, regular drugs, last laboratory parameters before discharge, and readmissions in the first 30 days after discharge were recorded. The predisposing features were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 562 hospitalizations were included. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 ± 14.5 years. Almost 2/3 of the hospitalizations were due to symptom palliation and infections. Eighty-three percent of the patients had advanced disease, and over 60% had an ECOG score of 2 and above. In the first 30 days after discharge, 127 patients were readmitted (22.6%). Advanced stage disease, presence of polypharmacy (5 or more regular drugs), hospitalization setting (emergency department (ED) vs. outpatient clinic), and hypoalbuminemia (< 3 gr/dL) were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of readmission. Among these factors, advanced-stage disease (HR: 2.847, 95% CI: 1.375–5.895), hospitalization from ED (HR: 1.832, 95% CI: 1.208–2.777), and polypharmacy (HR: 1.782, 95% CI: 1.173–2.706) remained significant in multivariate analyses. In this study, 22% of cancer patients had early readmissions. The readmission risk increased in patients with advanced disease, hospitalization from ED, and polypharmacy. The optimal post-discharge plan may reduce readmissions in all oncology patients, with priority for these patient groups.