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Nylon 6/6 and ZnO/nylon 6/6 nanocomposite films were prepared by solvent casting method. Morphological study displayed that ZnO NPs are better dispersed in nylon 6/6. However, some agglomerations were found by the incorporation of high quantities of fillers. The thermal stabilities of neat nylon 6/6 films decreased by addition of nanoparticles (NPs). DSC study shows that the NPs slow down the crystallization rate of neat polymer matrix. POM of Nylon 6/6 upon crystallization showed distinct sized spherulites, which decreased by the incorporation of NPs because of nucleation effect of NPs. The mechanical properties of neat polymer are decreased by addition of ZnO NPs, which might be due to agglomeration of fillers. The neat nylon 6/6 and ZnO/nylon 6/6 nanocomposite were used for the photodegradation of alizarin red (AR) dye, which shows that pure nylon 6/6 degraded about 28% dye while 30% ZnO/Nylon 6/6 degraded about 58.3% dye within 5 h irradiation.

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce Apostol type (p, q)-Frobenius–Eulerian numbers and polynomials and investigate some of their basic identities and properties including addition theorems, difference equations, derivative properties, recurrence relations. Integral representations, implicit and explicit formulas and relations for the aforementioned polynomials and numbers are also acquired. Furthermore, some relationships for Apostol type (p, q)-Frobenius–Eulerian polynomials of order $$\alpha $$ associated with (p, q)-Apostol Bernoulli polynomials, (p, q) -Apostol Euler polynomials, (p, q)-Apostol Genocchi polynomials and Stirling numbers of the second kind are considered.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of degenerate Hermite poly-Bernoulli polynomials with q-parameter and give some identities of these polynomials related to the Stirling numbers of the second kind. Some implicit summation formulae and general symmetry identities are derived by using dierent analytical means and applying generating functions. These results extend some known summations and identities of degenerate Hermite poly-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials.

At present, wastes management and energy generation are the foremost concerns due to their direct relationship with the biological species and environment. Herein we report utilization of iron rust (inorganic pollutant) as photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye (organic pollutant) under visible light (economic) and water oxidation (energy generation). Iron rust was collected from metallic pipes and calcined in the furnace at 700 °C for 3 h in order to remove moisture/volatile content. The uncalcined and calcined Rust are characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravematric analysis (TGA). The morphological study illustrated that the shape of uncalcinedand calcined iron rust is spongy, porous, and agglomerated. The XRD and DLS particle size is in a few hundred-nanometer range.The photodegradation (PD) investigation shows that calcined Rust is a potent photocatalyst for the PD of modeled MB and degraded about 94% in a very short time of 11 min. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements revealed that calcined Rust is more active than uncalcined Rust under simulated 1-SUN illumination with respective photocurrent densities of ~0.40 and ~0.32 mA/cm2. These results demonstrate that cheaper and abundantly available Rust can be a useful candidate for environmental and energy applications.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes supported Ag–Co oxides (A-MWNTs/Ag–Co) and unsupported Ag–Co bimetallic oxides (Ag–Co) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by chemical reduction method. The A-MWCNTs/Ag–C...

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs)/Co–Ti oxide nanocomposites and neat Co–Ti oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs show that the bimetallic NPs in F-MWCNTs/Co–Ti are present in dispersed form while the neat Co–Ti nanoparticles were found in agglomerated form. The formation of nanocomposites and neat Co–Ti nanoparticles was also confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray. Both types of nanocomposites were employed as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous medium under UV light irradiation. The photodegradation study was performed via UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The photodegradation results show that F-MWCNTs/Co–Ti oxide NPs degraded about 93.35% dye within 150 min irradiation time while the neat Co–Ti oxide NPs degraded about 91.76% dye within same irradiation time. The F-MWCNTs/Co–Ti can be easily removed and recycled due to its bulky composite nature as compared to neat Co–Ti oxide NPs. The effect of dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH of medium and activity of recycled catalyst was also evaluated.

This review is provided a detailed overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of nanoparticles (NPs) exist in different forms. NPs are tiny materials having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm. They can be classified into different classes based on their properties, shapes or sizes. The different groups include fullerenes, metal NPs, ceramic NPs, and polymeric NPs. NPs possess unique physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area and nanoscale size. Their optical properties are reported to be dependent on the size, which imparts different colors due to absorption in the visible region. Their reactivity, toughness and other properties are also dependent on their unique size, shape and structure. Due to these characteristics, they are suitable candidates for various commercial and domestic applications, which include catalysis, imaging, medical applications, energy-based research, and environmental applications. Heavy metal NPs of lead, mercury and tin are reported to be so rigid and stable that their degradation is not easily achievable, which can lead to many environmental toxicities. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Fullerenes, Optical, Plasmonic, Toxicity

A specific finger-projected fixed-bed reactor (FPFBR) was designed to efficiently utilize magnetic nanoparticles (MnFe2O4/Bi-MnFe2O4) for a model reaction (hydrogenation of a greenhouse gas, CO2, to valuable products: VPs). Coprecipitation method, with desired modification was used for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with controlled shape and size. Eighteen fingers in a single chamber were designed in the fixed-bed reactor’s skeleton, each finger worked as an independent reaction core. Controlled flow of hydrogen and CO2 was continuously provided to preheated reaction cores (catalyst beds) from saturator. One of the major products methanol {(%: Conv, 22/Sel 61)} among VPs was identified and quantified by GC. The efficiency of self-designed reactor was 74% for the direct catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to valuable organic products.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/copper and titanium oxides (MWNTs/Cu–Ti) and Cu–Ti composites were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method and were used as photocatalysts for photodeg...

Zirconia-supported palladium (Pd/ZrO2) and Zirconia-supported platinum (Pt/ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized from their precursors via impregnation technique. The Pd/ZrO2 and Pt/ZrO2 NPs were analyzed via SEM and EDX, while the study of indigo disulfonate dye degradation was carried out by UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The SEM micrographs illustrated that the Pd and Pt NPs were well placed on ZrO2 surface. The Pd/ZrO2 and Pt/ZrO2 NPs were also employed as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of indigo disulfonate in an aqueous medium under UV-light irradiation. The photodegradation study presented that Pd/ZrO2 and Pt/ZrO2 NPs degraded 96 and 94% of indigo disulfonate in 14 h, respectively. The effect of pH of medium and catalyst dosage and efficiency of recovered Pd/ZrO2 and Pt/ZrO2 NPs on the photocatalytic degradation were also studied. It was also found that the maximum degradation of dye was found at pH 10 (95–97%) and at 0.02 g weight (40.28%).

Nylon 6,6 polymer and cobalt–manganese oxide nanoparticles (Co–Mn NPs)/nylon 6,6 nanocomposites were prepared by solution casting method. The morphological study illustrated that the Co–Mn NPs were well dispersed within the membrane. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses presented that the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of Co–Mn NPs/nylon 6,6 membranes were higher than neat nylon 6,6, while the mechanical properties of nanocomposite membranes were lower than neat nylon 6,6. The nanocomposite and neat nylon 6,6 membranes were also used for the decolorization of alizarin red dye in an aqueous medium as a function of time. It was found that about 70–83% of dye was decolorized within 150 min using nanocomposite membranes.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) supported and unsupported bimetallic zinc and manganese oxides nanoparticles (Zn–Mn NPs) were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method. Zn–Mn and MWNTs/...

Titanium oxide supported palladium (TiO2/Pd) and titanium oxide supported platinum (TiO2/Pt) nanoparticles were prepared from their precursors through the incipient wetness method. The TiO2/Pd and TiO2/Pt nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), while the photodegradation study of methyl violet was performed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The morphological study shows that the Pd and Pt were well deposited on the surface of TiO2, which was confirmed by EDX. Both TiO2/Pd and TiO2/Pt nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of methyl violet in aqueous media under UV-light irradiation. The photodegradation study revealed that the TiO2/Pd and TiO2/Pt nanoparticles degraded about 95 and 78% of dye within 20 min, respectively. The effect of various parameters such as catalyst dosage, concentration of dye, and medium on the photocatalytic degradation was examined. The activity of recovered TiO2/Pd and TiO2/Pt nanoparticles was studied.

In this article, we prove some relation-theoretic results on coincidence and common fixed point for a nonlinear contraction employing a locally finitely T-transitive binary relation, where T stands for a self-mapping on the underlying metric space. Our newly proved results deduce sharpened versions of certain relevant results of the existing literature. Finally, we adopt some examples to substantiate the genuineness of our proved results herein.

In this paper, a new class of q-Hermite based Frobenius type Eulerian polynomials is introduced by means of generating function and series representation. Several fundamental formulas and recurrence relations for these polynomials are derived via different generating methods. Furthermore, diverse correlations including the q-Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials, the q-Apostol-Euler poynoomials, the q-Apostol-Genocchi polynomials and the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind are also established by means of the their generating functions.

In the present paper, the (p,q)-Hermite based Apostol type Frobenius-Euler polynomials and numbers are firstly considered and then diverse basic identities and properties for the mentioned polynomials and numbers, including addition theorems, difference equations, integral representations, derivative properties, recurrence relations. Moreover, we provide summation formulas and relations associated with the Stirling numbers of the second kind.

In this paper, we begin with some observations on F-contractions. Thereafter, we introduce the notion of $(F,\mathcal{R})_{g}$ -contractions and utilize the same to prove some coincidence and common fixed point results in the setting of metric spaces endowed with binary relations. An example is also given to exhibit the utility of our results. We also deduce some consequences in the setting of ordered metric spaces. As an application, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a solution of integral equation of Volterra type.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of Laguerre-based Hermite-Fubini numbers and polynomials and investigate some properties of these polynomials. We establish summation formulas of these polynomials by summation techniques series. Furthermore, we derive symmetric identities of Laguerre-based Hermite-Fubini numbers and polynomials by using generating functions.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of degenerate Hermite-Fubini numbers and polynomials and investigate some properties of these polynomials. We establish summation formulas of these polynomials by summation techniques series. Furthermore, we derive symmetric identities of degenerate Hermite-Fubini numbers and polynomials by using generating functions.

In this paper, by introducing the concept of generalized Ćirić-type weak ( ϕ g , R ) -contraction, we prove some common fixed point results in partial metric spaces endowed with binary relation R . We also deduce some useful consequences showing the usability of our results. Finally, we present an application to establish the solution of a system of integral equations.

An algorithm is proposed in this paper for solving two-dimensional bi-level linear programming problems without making a graph. Based on the classification of constraints, algorithm removes all redundant constraints, which eliminate the possibility of cycling and the solution of the problem is reached in a finite number of steps. Example to illustrate the method is also included in the paper.

In the present paper, we prove two theorems. In first theorem, we prove fixed point result for self-maps in the metric space under contractive condition of integral type by altering distance. In second result, we prove a unique common fixed point theorem by considering four sub compatible maps under a contractive condition of integral type.

Graphene/cobalt-manganese oxides nanocomposites were prepared from their precursor through chemical reduction where NaOH was used as a reducing agent. The obtained GNs/Co-Mn nanocomposites were used as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of Neutral Red Chloride (NRC) dye in aqueous solution under sunlight as a function of time and catalyst dosage. The morphology and photodegradation study was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometry, respectively. The SEM image showed the presence of Co-Mn nanoparticles on the surface of GNs, which were also confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The photodegradation study of NRC showed that the degradation of dye increased with an increase in irradiation time, and 94% of dye was degraded within 5 min by GNs/Co-Mn. Photodegradation was also carried out with recovered catalyst, which degraded about 90% of dye within 5 min. The effect of catalyst dosage on the degradation of dye was also studied.

Graphene nanosheets-supported Sn-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles (GNs/Sn-Pt) were prepared by precipitation method. The obtained GNs/Sn-Pt was used as a photocatalyst for photodegradation of Basic Green 5 (BG5) in aqueous solution under sunlight. The morphology and photodegradation study was performed by SEM and UV–VIS spectrophotometry, respectively. The SEM image showed the presence of Sn and Pt on GNs, being confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The photodegradation study of BG5 showed that the dye degradation increases as a function of irradiation time. The degradation of BG5 was found to be pH dependent and maximum degradation was found at higher pH.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning technique, which were chemically modified with amidoxime groups. The silver nanoparticles were then synthesized on amidoxime modified PAN (OM-PAN), which was used for the photodegradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution. The SEM images showed that the average diameter of PAN nanofibers was below 200 nm. The SEM micrograph also showed that the silver nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of OM-PAN nanofiber mat. The micrograph also presented that the average size of silver nanoparticles was below 100 nm. The photodegradation study showed that the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous medium was increased as increased the irradaition time. The results illustrated that silver nanoparticles (Ag)/OM-PAN nanofiber mat degraded about 80 % of methyl orange within 6 h. The degradation efficiency was found to be pH dependent and maximum degradation was found at lower pH (about 90 % of dye is degraded at pH 2). The Ag/OM-PAN nanofiber dosage presented that the degradation of dye was increased as increased the catalyst dosage.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning technique. PAN nanofibers were chemically modified with amidoxime groups. The titanium oxide (TiO2) was then introduced to amidoxime-modified PAN (OM-PAN), which was then used for the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The morphology and photodegradation study was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometry, respectively. The SEM study showed the presence of TiO2 particles on the surface of OM-PAN nanofiber mat in agglomerated form and was confirmed by energy dispersive X-rays analysis. The photodegradation study of methylene blue showed that the dye degradation was increased as increased in the irradiation time. The effect of pH on degradation efficiency showed that with an increase in pH the degradation efficiency increases.

Organizing and coordinating the activities of a business organization for the purpose of achieving its objectives is the goal of management. As such, management as a whole is extremely important in smoothly running a corporation and maintaining a profitable business. All the day-to-day activities can only be accomplished properly if there is good management in place. It covers all aspects of a business including marketing, daily operations, and innovation. This paper elaborates on the innovation and marketing strategies of Diageo, while using the company as a comparison for highlighting the positives and negatives of using certain management philosophies, practices and concepts that have made them successful in the alcoholic “drinking” industry.

We establish some unique fixed point theorems in complete partial metric spaces for generalized weaklyS-contractive mappings, containing two altering distance functions under certain assumptions. Also, we discuss some examples in support of our main results.

We report recent measurements of the drift velocity of electrons parallel to the basal plane in 6H and 4H silicon carbide (SiC) as a function of applied electric field. The dependence of the low field mobility and saturated drift velocity on temperature are also reported. The saturated drift velocities at room temperature are approximately 1.9/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s in 6H-SiC and 2.2/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s in 4H-SiC.

We report recent measurements of the drift velocity of electrons parallel to the basal plane in 6H and 4H silicon carbide (SiC) as a function of applied electric field. The dependence of the low field mobility and saturated drift velocity on temperature are also reported. The saturated drift velocities at room temperature are approximately 1.9/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s in 6H-SiC and 2.2/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s in 4H-SiC.

A threshold-shifting, single transistor memory structure with fast read and write times and long retention time is described. The structure consists of a silicon field-effect transistor with nano-crystals of germanium or silicon placed in the gate oxide in close proximity of the inversion surface. Electron charge is stored in these isolated 2-5 nm size nano-crystals which are separated from each other by greater than 5 nm of SiO/sub 2/ and from the inversion layer of the substrate surface by less than 5 nm of SiO/sub 2/. Direct tunneling of charge from the inversion layer and its storage in the nano-crystal causes a shift in the threshold voltage which is detected via current sensing. The nano-crystals are formed using implantation and annealing or using direct deposition of the distributed floating gate region. Threshold shift of 0.3 V is obtained in Ge-implanted devices with 2 nm of SiO/sub 2/ injection layer by a 4 V write pulse of 300 ns duration. The nano-crystal memories achieve improved programming characteristics as a nonvolatile memory as well as simplicity of the single poly-Si-gate process. The V/sub T/ window is scarcely degraded after greater than 10/sup 9/ write/erase cycles or greater than 10/sup 5/ s retention time. Nano-crystal memories are promising for nonvolatile memory applications.

We report the design and fabrication of UMOSFETs on 4H-SiC with specific on-resistances of 105.1 m/spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/ at a current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/ and blocking voltage of 5,050 V. These devices incorporate an extended self-aligned p-bottom implant to protect the gate oxide from high electric fields. A novel shadow implant mask was developed to shield the sidewalls from any unwanted p-bottom implant. These UMOSFETs are also the first to incorporate a post-oxidation anneal (POA) in nitric oxide (NO) to improve the inversion layer electron mobility. A single zone JTE (junction termination extension) with peak blocking voltage of 7,500 V was implemented in the device design.

Current SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) have regions of the gate electrode that overlaps the source/drain contact implant. The source/drain region is electrically isolated from this gate electrode extension by the gate insulator. Typically, the gate insulator is established through a controlled thermal oxidation step. The performance of the electrical isolation between the gate electrode and the source/drain implant region is studied using MOS systems for the nitrogen and phosphorus implant species. The dielectric strength of thermal oxide grown over a phosphorus implanted region is about four times lower than a non-implanted region and about two times lower than the nitrogen implanted region for the same implant and anneal conditions.