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The study aims to investigate the effect of intake pumpkin seeds as sources of magnesium and iron on improvement of the nutritional status and attention deficit of deaf female children with hyper active disorder (ADHD) symptoms. The range of sample age was 10-12 years for 40 female children who born deaf, suffering from ADHD and their hearing loss was 91 decibel or more. The investigated ADHF deaf female children were selected from El Amal school for the deaf and hard of hearing, Elsayeda Zenab. They were divided into two groups; the control group and the experimental one (20 female for each).The study used the data for each child; the personal and socio-economic, the food habits, the diet history, 24 recall and the clinical signs. In addition to the Attention Deficit Disorder Connected with Hyperactivity for Deaf Children test (ADDCHDC). The nutritional intervention was 50g from pumpkin seeds that contained an approximately 100% of Recommended Dietary intake (RNI) from magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe). Pumpkin seeds were used for three months with experimental group. The results indicated that deficiency in the average intake pre dietary intervention in experimental and control group for Mg comparing with RNI was 12.5 and 13%, respectively, and in Fe was (38.5) in both groups. However, Mg levels were higher in the experimental group post dietary intervention than control group (138 and14.5%, respectively). Also, Fe level was 149% in experimental group and 36.8% compared with RNI. On the other hand, the improvement in degree of ADDCHDC test for experimental group (post dietary intervention) was better than that in control group (65 and 95, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between pre and post dietary intervention to experimental group on Mg level and ADDCHDC test degree at (P

PURPOSE: A deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm has been demonstrated to outperform embryologists in identifying euploid embryos destined to implant with an accuracy of 75.3% (1). Our aim was to evaluate the performance of highly trained embryologists in selecting top quality day 5 euploid blastocysts with and without the aid of a deep learning algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-overlapping series of 200 sets of day 5 euploid embryo images with known implantation outcomes was distributed to 17 highly trained embryologists. One embryo in each set was known to have implanted and one failed implantation. They were asked to select which embryo to transfer from each set. The same 200 sets of embryos, with indication of which embryo in each set had been identified by the algorithm as more likely to implant was then distributed. Chi-squared, t-test, and receiver operating curves were performed to compare the embryologist performeance with and without AI. RESULTS: Fourteen embryologists completed both assessments. Embryologists provided with AI results selected successfully implanted embryos in 73.6% of cases compared to 65.5% for those selected using visual assessments alone (p

Alzheimer’s disease is a result of unexpected mix of epigenetic, hereditary, and certain ecological elements. It is one of the most complex neurodegenerative problems in human being. The restorative methodologies to overcome the symptoms still a long way from satisfactory. There is subsequently an utmost need to investigate elective speculations during beginning of this neurodegenerative problem. The current review designed to work out endogenous and exogenous sources of formaldehyde and its correlation to Alzheimer’s disease. The current manuscript work encompassed utilization of various open web databases including Sci-Hub as search tools for unique and audit reviews from proficient social orders. In cerebrum tissues, rise of formaldehyde may lead to significant progress in Alzheimer’s disease development, including diverse systems. An increase in degree of intracranial formaldehyde was found in single infusion of methanol and demonstrates oxidation of formaldehyde to methanol in brains of non-human primates. It reveals connections of methanol’s harmfulness in terms of its produce as formaldehyde and noticed as profound corrosives in brain. The causal connections and interconnected pathways including formaldehyde to epigenetics, microRNA and hereditary molecules along β-amyloid, tau protein, changes in histone, assembly of chromatin, misfortune, and methylation of histone. Consistent investigation during current review leads advancement and progress of Alzheimer’s disease correlates to epigenetics and cerebral formaldehyde may furnish a new understanding in management of Alzheimer’s disease and possible restorative targets. Taking this into account, zeroing inhibitors could be one of the most encouraging methodologies for planning and creating drugs against AD.

Is the reductionist approach to teaching chemical principles in the laboratory adequate for students to make effective evaluations? In this work, using the example of sunscreens, students first assessed the analytical chemistry parameters of the active ingredients, later comparing and contrasting them with organic chemistry information for effective practical chemical evaluation in the laboratory. Students evaluated three commercially available brands of sunscreens by a simple, two component experiment analyzing five SPF values with UV spectroscopy using the Beer–Lambert Law to rate the most efficient sunscreen by analytical determination. To explain the differences in degree of photoprotection for sunscreens with the same SPF values in the three brands, students connected the values of molar absorption constant from Beer–Lambert Law for the UV absorbing active ingredients to their organic chemical structures and composition correlating the concentration and application amount with health and regulatory policy, protection performance, and product price. Responses from survey questions asked after students had completed the laboratory experiment and reviewed the molecular structures and regulatory information indicated that the complementary organic and the interdisciplinary regulatory information accompanying the experimental analysis and characterization positively informed and influenced their chemical evaluation.

BackgroundRecovery in schizophrenia is a complex process, involving clinical, societal and personal recovery. Until now, studies analysed these domains separately, without examining their mutual relations and changes over time.AimsThis study aimed to examine different states of recovery and transition rates between states.MethodThe Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (2006–2017) yearly assesses patients with schizophrenia in the Northern Netherlands. Data from 2327 patients with one up to 11 yearly measurements on clinical, societal and personal recovery were jointly analysed with a mixture latent Markov model (MLMM).ResultsThe selected MLMM had four states that differed in degree and pattern of recovery outcomes. Patients in state 1 were least recovered on any domain (16% of measurements), and partly recovered in states 2 (25%; featured by negative symptoms) and 3 (21%; featured by positive symptoms). Patients in state 4 (38%) were most recovered, except for work, study and housekeeping. At the subsequent measurement, the probability of remaining in the same state was 77–89%, transitioning to a better state was 4–12% and transitioning to a worse state was 4–6%; no transitions occurred between states 1 and 4. Female gender, shorter illness duration and less schizophrenia were more prevalent in better states.ConclusionsQuite a high recovery rate was present among a substantial part of the measurements (38%, state 4), with a high probability (89%) of remaining in this state. Transition rates in the other states might increase to a more favourable state by focusing on adequate treatment of negative and positive symptoms and societal problems.

The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of the technology of self-compacting heavy structural concrete and the technology of concreting with its use of the largest foundation slab in Belarus (concrete volume ~9100 m3) of a high-rise building at the facility “Construction of a multifunctional complex in Minsk within the boundaries of Filimonova Street – Avenue Nezavisimosty – Makayonka Street”. The results of research are shown, which ensured the production of self-compacting concrete of class C35/45 with water resistance up to W20 (with the required W12 according to the project) from concrete mixtures of the maximum cone expansion of the PK6 (RK6) grade for three zones of the foundation slab different in degree of reinforcement: lower, middle and upper, with a total structure height of 3.5 m and plan dimensions ~(83´34) m. The technology of continuous (seamless) concreting has been developed and implemented, which made it possible to lay ~9100 m3 of concrete into the structure without defects within 42 hours of continuous operation, and a system of technological measures that prevented temperature cracking in concrete. The homogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, confirmed by control tests, is ensured due to the uniform supply of the concrete mixture (from six concrete pumps at the same time) in layers 200–300 mm high with a distance between the supply points of about 5–6 m and the vertical arrangement of the “trunks” of the concrete pipes during delivery of concrete to each point, as well as the fact that the time for feeding the next volume of concrete was significantly less than the setting time of the previously laid concrete (with a total concreting speed £0.1 m/h). Standardized and original test methods for concrete mixtures, hardening kinetics and properties of hardened concrete have been used during the development, research and implementation of the project. Control tests of physical and mechanical properties and characteristics of concrete, carried out at BNTU together with authorized organizations controlling the progress of construction, as well as in independent (third-party) organizations, have confirmed their compliance with the design requirements.

Objectives The present study evaluated the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the morphology of the upper airway (UA) by calculating cross-sectional areas and volumes and comparing the effect in patients with a normal-sized adenoid with the effect in patients with an enlarged adenoid. Study design: Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. We constructed 3D models of the UA on cone-beam computed tomography images to calculate cross-sectional areas and volumes at the levels of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, and retroglossal airways. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 was comprised of patients with an adenoidal nasopharyngeal (AN) ratio < 0.6 and group 2 with an AN ratio ≥ 0.6. Paired samples t-tests assessed any area and volumetric changes of the UA after RME. Changes in degree of nasal obstruction, calculated as the AN ratio, was then compared for the two groups. An independent samples t-test compared volumetric changes in the nasopharynx between the two groups before and after RME. Results Changes in cross-sectional areas and volumes of the UA due to RME were not significant. The effects of RME on AN ratio (11 % vs 0 %) and nasopharyngeal volume (36.8 % vs 5.97%) were somewhat larger in group 2 patients who had adenoid-associated nasal obstruction compared with group 1 patients with a normal-sized adenoid; however, the differences were not significant. Conclusions After RME, the patients with an enlarged adenoid had more increases in nasopharyngeal volume compared with those with normal adenoid, despite there was no significant difference.

Objective: This study examined the statistical association between net tuition and changes in degree aspirations among community college students. In addition, the study explored the moderating influence of unmet financial need. Method: Analyses relied on data from the most recent iteration of the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study. Estimates were derived from a series of robust multinomial models controlling for student, institutional, and state-level covariates. Results: Net tuition was consistently associated with decreased risks of experiencing a “cool out,” regardless of model specification. Yet, this main effect of net tuition was moderated by unmet need, such that net tuition increased cool out risks among students with greater unmet need. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that net reductions in tuition alone may not fully reduce or eliminate barriers to college access and student success. Future financial aid policies should focus on the full cost of college attendance.

This systematic review was conducted to determine factors that are associated with the degree of hypertrophy of the future liver remnant following portal vein embolization. An extensive search on September 15, 2020, and subsequent literature screening resulted in the inclusion of forty-eight articles with 3368 patients in qualitative analysis, of which 18 studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Meta-analyses based on a limited number of studies showed an increase in hypertrophy response when additional embolization of segment 4 was performed (pooled difference of medians = − 3.47, 95% CI − 5.51 to − 1.43) and the use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate for portal vein embolization induced more hypertrophy than polyvinyl alcohol (pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.91). There was no indication of a difference in degree of hypertrophy between patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive pre-procedural systemic therapy (pooled SMD = − 0.37, 95% CI − 1.35 to 0.61), or between male and female patients (pooled SMD = 0.19, 95% CI − 0.12 to 0.50). The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on April 28, 2020 (CRD42020175708). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00270-021-02877-3.

The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of physical education students in the area of Adapted Physical Education, through the search and analysis of curricular proposals, menu of disciplines and pedagogical projects of physical education courses of federal universities authorized by the Ministry of Education. The data were organized in a specific spreadsheet, and the analysis of these data was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum). In the study, 72 physical education courses with habilitation in degree (n = 38; 53%) and bachelor’s degree (n = 34; 47%) were found. The terminology most commonly used is “Adapted Physical Education” (n = 29; 40%). The offer of the disciplines occurs with higher incidence in the 5th (n = 21; 29%) and 6th (n = 15; 21%) period/semester. The average workload of the disciplines was 60±14 hours (minimum = 30 hours; maximum = 96 hours) and median number of credits was 4 (minimum = 2; maximum = 6). We conclude that offering a mandatory discipline with reduced workload and in the final periods of the course does not provide necessary deepening for optimal formation in this area of operation. Received on: 2020/09/17 Reformulated on: 2021/01/01 Accepted: 2021/02/02

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a formação e atuação dos professores de Educação Física escolar na área da Educação Física Adaptada. Participaram do estudo 32 professores (idade = 37±10 anos; feminino: n = 11, 34%; masculino: n = 21; 66%) de Educação Física de escolas da rede municipal (n = 11; 26%), estadual (n = 19; 45%), federal (n = 1; 2%) e privada (n = 11; 26%) de diferentes cidades do país. Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados questionário com questões (abertas e fechadas) relacionados à formação e atuação dos professores na educação física adaptada. O questionário foi inserido em plataforma online (Google Formulários) visando facilitar o acesso e participação da maior quantidade de professores possível. No que se refere a formação, nossos principais resultados indicaram que os professores apresentam habilitação em licenciatura, cursaram pelo menos uma disciplina que abordou conteúdos a respeito das PCD, em especial a disciplina “Educação Física Adaptada”. A maior parte dos conhecimentos alcançados foram provenientes dos cursos de graduação. No que diz respeito à atuação profissional nossos resultados indicam que: os professores possuem pelo menos um aluno com deficiência; auto-avaliam capazes de atuar com esse público, apresentam conceitos incorretos a respeito dos tipos de deficiência e utilizam adaptação das atividades para incluir alunos com deficiência em suas aulas. Concluímos que a formação inicial dos professores deve ser mais completa e reforçamos a importância de conhecer mais sobre as inúmeras adaptações pedagógicas que podem auxiliar no processo de inclusão. Recebido em: 10/09/2020 Reformulado em: 01/01/2021 Aceito em: 02/02/2021

The focus of this work is on estimation of the in-degree distribution in directed networks from sampling network nodes or edges. A number of sampling schemes are considered, including random sampling with and without replacement, and several approaches based on random walks with possible jumps. When sampling nodes, it is assumed that only the out-edges of that node are visible, that is, the in-degree of that node is not observed. The suggested estimation of the in-degree distribution is based on two approaches. The inversion approach exploits the relation between the original and sample in-degree distributions, and can estimate the bulk of the in-degree distribution, but not the tail of the distribution. The tail of the in-degree distribution is estimated through an asymptotic approach, which itself has two versions: one assuming a power-law tail and the other for a tail of general form. The two estimation approaches are examined on synthetic and real networks, with good performance results, especially striking for the asymptotic approach. Supplementary files for this article are available online. FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission [CRM:0022222]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1712966, DMS-1606839, DMS-1613072]; ARO [W911NF-17-1-0010] info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O artigo aborda a incorporação da pesquisa como princípio da formação de professores, instrumento de ensino e produção do conhecimento; para tanto discute as percepções de professores orientadores de iniciação científica em cursos de graduação em licenciatura. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo cujos procedimentos metodológicos envolveram revisão narrativa, aplicação de questionário estruturado, análise de frequência simples e discussão dos resultados. Dele participaram sessenta e seis professores do ensino superior que consideram positivas as contribuições da iniciação científica para sua própria formação e para a formação de seus alunos, com médias ligeiramente mais altas no segundo caso. São evidenciados os aspectos mais vulneráveis da atividade de orientação que demandam maior atenção dos pesquisadores. Esses resultados sustentam a conclusãode que a iniciação científica contribui para a construção de disposições sociais de envolvimento com a cultura científica entre estudantes de licenciatura, contribui para a disseminação deste habitus no ensino superior e, potencialmente, na educação básica. Recebido em: 01/09/2020.Aprovado em: 07/112020.

Vaccination is an effective method to prevent individuals from contracting diseases like measles and the flu. Its success is clearly demonstrated by the large declines in the incidence of many diseases (e.g., childhood diseases like measles) after the start of mass vaccination programs. However, what happens after this drop in incidence can be complicated. It is known that some diseases exhibit "honeymoon periods" (long periods of temporary low disease incidence after start of mass vaccination). These periods end with a natural resurgence of the disease, which is not due to any change in the system. To study honeymoon periods, we used the compartmental model analyzed in [1] that can exhibit different types of vaccine failures: failure in degree (leakiness), in take (all-or-nothing) and in duration (waning of vaccine-derived immunity). We showed that traditional measures of transient dynamics in ecology may not distinguish between models with different honeymoon periods. We also provide a proof of global stability of the endemic equilibrium when the reproduction number (accounting for vaccination) is greater than one, and introduce a technical definition of the honeymoon period.

In Abrasion Stir Welding instrument break quality expects a vital part in the midst of gadget jump and withstand. The close by nerves and damage conveyed upon the instrument contacts the work job is sufficient to rupture a gadget. Along these lines the material of the mechanical assembly used for crushing mix welding should have high break solidness. The surface effects within the gadget get different if the device reacts within the work job or the earth. Magnesium is most likely comprehended with its reaction on raised thermal degree and reaction of magnesium with the device substances will differ the gadget property. As needs required matter of the gadget is picked within a way that it should not react with work job or the earth to keep up its personal effects. In the occasion that sticks & shoulder substances have a colossal complexity in degree of warm augmentation which also prompts improvement of the shoulder regarding stick or expansion of tip in regard to manage. Between two of the conditions there’s an extension in the nerves between the tin and shoulder which can incite dissatisfaction of the gadget. Gadgets include a shoulder and a test which can be essential with the shoulder or as an alternate install maybe of a substitute material. The design of the shoulder & that of the test is basic for the idea of the weld.

Introduction: Among the leading health problems in India is malnutrition. Malnutrition results in weak immune system and growth and cognitive delay. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of school going children in the age group of 6 -13 years in a selected school of Delhi. Methodology: A total of 211 children were selected through purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and a record sheet were used to collect the data. Height, weight and Blood Pressure of children were measured by using inch-tape, weighing scale, sphygmomanometer respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to interpret the data. Result: Out of 211 school going children, 144 (66.2%) were in the age group 6 to 9 years and 67 (31.8%) were in the 10-13 years age group. In the age group of 6 to 9 years, 140 were underweight and 1 was overweight and rest 3 had normal weight as per Basal Metabolic Index. In 10 to 13 years age group, 60 were underweight and 7 had normal weight. As per Waterlows’s classification, all 211 children had normal weight for age. As per Gomez classification of children, in 6 -9 years age group, 52 and in 10-13 years age group 20 had normal nutritional status respectively whereas rest of the children fell in degree I and II malnutrition. Conclusion: Children and their parents need to be made aware about healthy nutritional practices. How to cite this article: Rani S, John N. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Nutritional Status of School Going Children in A Selected School of Delhi. Ind J Youth Adol Health 2020; 7(2): 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202006

Background/Objectives: Learning environment plays a crucial role in students’ academic achievements. To understand this relationship, the study explores the perceptions of international science students in degree programs. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study used a mixed-method research design. Five interviews were conducted to explore and confirm the quantitative findings. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from a sample size of 71 participants in three faculties, including life sciences, chemistry, and physics. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Cronbach’s alpha, Mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and thematic analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Findings: The overall mean score of the DREEM was 142.49/200, indicating that international science students held positive perceptions of their learning environment. However, interviews explored the problematic areas, such as lack of a support system for students who got stressed, orientations about degree programs do not provide information for the next steps during the programs. Labs are well-equipped; however, all labels and instructions inside labs are in the Chinese language. Conclusion: There is a need for a student support system to enhance the learning environment. Well-planned orientation should be conducted at the start and mid of the programs to facilitate students’ learning environment. Keywords: Science; perceptions; learning environment; student support system; international students

OBJECTIVES To determine if lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) involve seasonal variation and how this affects the severity of LUTS. METHODS A total of 3163 men aged 50 to 70 years were mailed a questionnaire on urinary symptoms. The overall response rate was 65.3% (2064 out of 3163 men). The men were asked whether their urinary symptoms showed variation in degree of difficulty according to time of year and if yes, when LUTS were the worst and the mildest. Ten different LUTS were evaluated with four response options for the severity of symptoms. Mean symptom scores and the proportions of symptomatic men were evaluated according to the presence of seasonal changes in different symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 17.1% of men reported seasonal variation in severity of LUTS, older men more frequently than younger men. Worse LUTS during winter were reported by 81% of the men reporting seasonal variation, and 93% reported that LUTS were relieved in summer. More seasonal variation was reported by men with comorbidities (stroke, neurological disease) and those with medical treatment for LUTS or operative treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Men with more severe LUTS were more likely to report seasonal changes. CONCLUSIONS One out of six men reported seasonal changes in LUTS, with winter worsening and summer relieving the symptoms. Men with seasonal variation in LUTS had more severe LUTS in all 10 symptom groups that were investigated.

Background Literature is beginning to challenge the belief that it is unsafe to coinfuse red blood cells (RBCs) with solutions other than isotonic saline. We recently showed that additive-free RBCs tolerated coincubation with Plasma-Lyte or catecholamines dissolved in normal saline (NS), though 5% dextrose in water (D5W) promoted hemolysis. Herein, we evaluate the effect of coincubating crystalloids on additive-preserved RBC hemolysis, aggregation, and membrane deformability. Study design and methods RBCs were coincubated 5 minutes with plasma, NS, Plasma-Lyte, lactated Ringer's (LR) or D5W (1 mL PRBC +131.3 μL solution). Samples were then assessed for hemolysis (free hemoglobin), aggregation (critical shear stress [mPa]), and membrane deformability (elongation index [EI]). Significance (P ≤ .05) by t test or ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test. Results Additive-prepared RBCs coincubated with crystalloid instead of plasma demonstrated: (a) no increase in hemolysis as indicated by plasma free hemoglobin levels that is likely to be clinically relevant; (b) no increase, but in some cases a decrease, in aggregation as indicated by critical shear stress; and (c) in some combinations, a deterioration in deformability. When present, the deformability decrease was likely clinically insignificant in degree, and always returned to normal when the crystalloid was subsequently diluted out with plasma. Conclusion Our data suggest that additive-prepared RBCs coincubated for 5 minutes with any of four common crystalloids demonstrate no clinically relevant increased lysis, increased aggregation, or decreased deformability.

Despite the ubiquity of smartphones, no studies to date have investigated family smartphone practices in informal learning environments, notwithstanding museum app studies. Yet, the importance of parent-child interactions for children’s informal learning is well-established. This multi-method pilot study described whether and how families used smartphones during informal learning, assessed fidelity of parental self-reported smartphone use, and compared the quantity and quality of parent-child conversations by smartphone use. Participants were 79 children and parents at a local aquarium. Parents self-reported demographics, amount of smartphone use, and verbal engagement with child. With a subset of families, researchers used systematic observations to document smartphone use and parent-child engagement and audio recording for parent-child conversations. The authors assessed conversation quality by coding verbatim transcripts for parent and child responsiveness and contingency. Triangulation of measures revealed that parents underreported and underestimated their device use. Fifty-five percent of families used a smartphone, primarily for photo and video documentation. More smartphone-using adults reported off-topic talk than did smartphone-free adults (p = .001), and the more parents used their smartphones, the less contingent were their conversations (p = .004). That parents and children were less contingent, and thus less sensitive, at the turn-by-turn conversational level adds to the scarce microanalytic work demonstrating how parent smartphone use impacts the moment-to-moment interactions of parents and children. Such differences in the quantity and quality of language interactions have important implications for the developmental and educational trajectories of children whose families vary in degree of smartphone use during informal learning opportunities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how and why government discoursal constraints have obstructed the development of viable degree apprenticeships for regulated healthcare professionals working in England and suggests some ways these constraints can now be managed and overcome.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an analysis of published literature, reviews of government and health professional body policies and regulations and semi-structured interviews recorded with those leading on the development of degree apprenticeships in healthcare-regulated professions.FindingsOnce created, a bureaucracy tends to look for ways to control discourse, to sustain itself and to extend its reach. In doing so, fault lines may be exposed which undermine the position of that bureaucracy, but it will continue to control discourses to maintain power over those it requires to act. There is no pedagogical need for End Point Assessment (EPA) to measure the competence of regulated healthcare professionals. The paper produces evidence to show how meeting health professional registration requirements is a sufficient metric for measuring successful degree apprenticeship outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper examined current practices relating to the registered nurse and nursing associate degree apprenticeships only. The validity of EPA for measuring occupational competence should be further investigated.Practical implicationsThe NHS and other public service organisations should use these findings to re-examine and challenge the requirements for EPA in degree apprenticeships for all regulated professions.Originality/valueUnderstanding how “centering” bureaucracies control discourse in their interests can help those in their orbit find ways to challenge and alter the course of policy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to analyze agreement in degree of obstruction and configuration of the upper airway between jaw thrust and an oral device in situ during drug-induced sleep endoscopy and to evaluate clinical decision making using jaw thrust or a boil-and-bite mandibular advancement device (MAD; the MyTAP). METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study in patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent drug-induced sleep endoscopy between January and July 2019. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were included. Agreement among observations in the supine position for degree of obstruction was 60% (n = 36, κ = 0.41) at the level of the velum, 68.3% (n = 41, κ = 0.35) for oropharynx, 58.3% (n = 35, κ = 0.28) for tongue base, and 56.7% (n = 34, κ = 0.14) for epiglottis; agreement among observations in the lateral position were 81.7% (n = 49, κ = 0.32), 71.7% (n = 43, κ = 0.36), 90.0% (n = 54, κ = 0.23), and 96.7% (n = 58, κ = could not be determined), respectively. In the supine position, agreement for configuration of obstruction at the level of the velum was found in 20 of 29 patients (69.0%, κ = 0.41) and in the lateral position was 100%. Thirty patients would have been prescribed a MAD using jaw thrust and 34 using the boil-and-bite MAD as a screening instrument. The main reason for being labeled as nonsuitable was complete residual retropalatal collapse during jaw thrust. Using the boil-and-bite MAD, this was caused by complete retropalatal or hypopharyngeal collapse. CONCLUSIONS: There is only slight to moderate agreement in degree of obstruction for jaw thrust and a new-generation boil-and-bite MAD during drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Greater improvement of upper airway patency at the hypopharyngeal level was observed during jaw thrust, but this maneuver was less effective in improving upper airway obstruction at the retropalatal level. CITATION: Vonk PE, Uniken Venema JAM, Hoekema A, Ravesloot MJL, van de Velde–Muusers JA, de Vries N. Jaw thrust versus the use of a boil-and-bite mandibular advancement device as a screening tool during drug-induced sleep endoscopy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(7):1021–1027.

We compute all the moments of the p-torsion in the first step of a filtration of the class group defined by Gerth for cyclic fields of degree p, unconditionally for p=3 and under GRH in general. We show that it satisfies a distribution which Gerth conjectured as an extension of the Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet conjectures. In the p=3 case this gives the distribution of the 3-torsion of the class group modulo the Galois invariant part. We follow the strategy used by Fouvry and Kluners in their proof of the distribution of the 4-torsion in quadratic fields., Comment: 30 pages

The article presents data on the study of the incidence of dental diseases and the expression of tissue damage to teeth and gums by dental indices (CPUz, CPUp, OHIS, PMA, SBI) in students aged 15–18. It has been established that physical activity of cyclic and acyclic sports in different ways affects dental status of juniors, as well as environmental conditions. Young athletes are distinguished by good parameters of dental status both in frequency of dental diseases, and in degree of damage to tissues of teeth and gums. Handball causes the highest rates of gum damage in terms of RMA in per cent and CPPp and more frequent occurrence of caries and periodontitis (up to 100 %). The obtained data determine directions of prevention of dental diseases in juniors engaged in different sports.

The ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectin from walnut processing waste was optimized by Box-Behnken design. The highest extraction yield (12.78 ± 0.83%) was obtained at ultrasound power of 200 W, sonication time of 10 min, pH of 1.5 and LS ratio of 15 v/w. The resulting pectin in these conditions was rich in galacturonic acid (69.44%) and was high in degree of esterification (59.21%) which was confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectra. In addition, the molecular weight distribution analysis showed that the obtained pectin had a heterogeneous natural with low molecular weight (6.30–158.48 kDa). The XRD spectrum of the walnut pectin showed an amorphous structure with few crystalline portions. Furthermore, walnut green husk pectin had good emulsifying properties, water and oil holding capacities, and radical-scavenging activity. Given that the obtained result, the extraction of pectin from this by-product in addition to being able to reduce environmental problems, it can also provide financial benefits for the walnut production sector.

This chapter is a case study of how a community college located in the Midwestern United States has worked to increase student veterans' engagement with the campus community while simultaneously being enrolled in online degree programs. Student veterans experience unique transition challenges from the military into college. Moreover, the transition issues can be unintentionally exacerbated when student veterans enroll in degree programs offered entirely online. We consider strategies colleges can use to increase engagement of veterans primarily enrolled in online degree programs and outline their implementation. In addition, a discussion and corresponding challenges are outlined to help higher education administrators implement the engagement strategies with student veterans on their own campus. By developing a structured engagement system, higher education administrators can alleviate some of the transition issues plaguing student veterans and in turn improve engagement, retention, and graduation rates.

This paper provides a formal account of the pattern of lexical variation found in adjectival degree wh-questions in current Spanish. It is proposed that Spanish degree wh-forms heading an interrogative clause (cuan ‘how much’, que tan ‘what so’, como de ‘how of’, and cuanto de ‘how much of’) share an internal structure including (at least) two components, a wh-operator and a (degree) variable, which are both phonetically realized in the Old and American Spanish degree wh-expression que tan. This analysis is extended to the American Spanish nominal wh-form que tanto(s) ‘what so much/many’ and to the general Spanish manner wh-expression que tal ‘what such’. It is further argued that all interrogative wh-forms in Spanish comprise a wh-quantifier and an overt or covert variable ranging over different types of entities (individuals, amounts, manners, degrees, etc.), also tentatively suggesting that this could apply across languages.

Transitional foods are under-utilized in the adult population as they may provide an opportunity to optimize eating pleasure and nutrition for individuals on a modified texture diet. Yet, little is known about the behavioral properties of transitional foods and no research to date has explored the dissolution of known transitional foods in adults. This study aimed to understand the extent of dissolution of five transitional snacks items in relationship to time, tongue pressure, and amount of saliva. Thirty individuals ages 50 to 88 participated in this study (10 with diagnosed xerostomia). The foods tested included shrimp chips, Baby Mum Mums, the EAT bar, and the Savorease cracker with and without dip. Each test food was placed in the mouth for 5 s or 12 s with or without tongue pressure and then expectorated. Benchtop preparation via the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) protocol was also completed. An IDDSI fork pressure test was then performed on all samples. Significant differences between snacks were found in degree of dissolution, with Savorease crackers dissolving more consistently than all others and Baby Mum Mums dissolving least frequently than all others. Tongue pressure positively influenced the dissolution of some foods, particularly those with decreased rates of dissolution. Differences also existed between testing conditions. Overall, there was a wide variability in degree and speed of dissolution across different transitional foods and testing methods. These findings support the need for individual testing to explore post-oral processing consistency when determining the clinical utility of transitional foods.

Previous studies have shown that the quality of property rights, farm size and market imperfections significantly affect agricultural efficiency. This article investigates the interaction between the quality of property rights and size when the countries are heterogeneous in degree of market imperfection, using a multilevel statistical approach for a sample of 84 developing countries. The results show a positive relation between technical efficiency and quality of property rights and a negative relation between farm size and quality of property rights. Furthermore, the results reject the regularly stated inverse relation between farm size and technical efficiency. In addition, the results show that market imperfections significantly affect the relations between technical efficiency and the explanatory variables. According to the results, increasing the farm size in countries with well‐defined property rights reduces agricultural efficiency. On the other hand, in the majority of developing countries with low quality of property rights, the relation between farm size and technical efficiency is statistically significant and positive. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The present study deals with the user’s attitude towards the usage of library services in degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh. The primary data collected through a questionnaire, distributed 1485 respondents and received only 1100 respondents, the response rate is 74%. The study mainly focuses on usage level of various library services available in sample degree colleges. The results showed that the students prefer to use book borrowing service heavily as compared to other library services. It is followed by reprographic service, reference service, internet services, selective dissemination of information service, and current awareness service at the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ranks, respectively.

The applicability of chloridizing roasting for removal of copper from the sulphide copper smelting waste slag of the ”Karabashmed'” copper-smelting plant is investigated. Calcium chloride CaCl2was used as chlorination agent. It is established that the chlorinating roasting of the initial slag presented by fayalite 2FeO∙SiO2, hasn't led to noticeable removal of copper. Considerable degree of removal of copper (more than 90 %) has been reached as a result of the chlorinating of preliminary oxidized slag in which fayalite was oxidized to form Fe2O3and SiO2. Using a fractional factorial experiment 23–1, dependence of degree of copper removal from preliminary oxidized slag upon temperature of the chlorinating roasting, time of isothermal roasting period and content of CaCl2was established. It is found that increase of temperature and of CaCl2content leads to increase in degree of copper removal. The influence of time of isothermal roasting period in the studied interval (2–4 h) is statistically insignificant.

Background The periapical area is healed through disinfection of root canal system and reduction of microbial infection after root canal. Purpose To assess the knowledge of dental practitioners about decontamination during root canal treatment and the techniques used in the government and private sectors of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods 103 dental practitioners and interns from private and governmental sectors performing root canal treatment were included. To extract information, a questionnaire assessing knowledge and preferred techniques used in decontamination during root canals treatment was distributed. The association of variables was investigated using chi-square tests. Results The findings reflected that 82.5% of subjects used rubber dam for isolation with significantly more practitioner in the governmental (95.2%) as compared to the private sector (27.8%). Chelating agents were used by 13.3% of the practitioners in government sector and 1% practitioners in private sector (1%). The most commonly used irrigant was sodium hypochlorite. Calcium hydroxide was used more frequently in the governmental sector (29.8%) than in the private sector (11.8%), as intracanal medicament. Mechanical irrigation devices were used by 2.4% of practitioners in the governmental sector only. Conclusions There is a significant difference in practicing root canal disinfection techniques among dentists in governmental and private sectors but no difference in degree of knowledge.

In an earlier work, the authors prove Stillman’s conjecture in all characteristics and all degrees by showing that, independent of the algebraically closed field K K or the number of variables, n n forms of degree at most d d in a polynomial ring R R over K K are contained in a polynomial subalgebra of R R generated by a regular sequence consisting of at most η B ( n , d ) {}^\eta \!B(n,d) forms of degree at most d d ; we refer to these informally as “small” subalgebras. Moreover, these forms can be chosen so that the ideal generated by any subset defines a ring satisfying the Serre condition R η _\eta . A critical element in the proof is to show that there are functions η A ( n , d ) {}^\eta \!A(n,d) with the following property: in a graded n n -dimensional K K -vector subspace V V of R R spanned by forms of degree at most d d , if no nonzero form in V V is in an ideal generated by η A ( n , d ) {}^\eta \!A(n,d) forms of strictly lower degree (we call this a strength condition), then any homogeneous basis for V V is an R η _\eta sequence. The methods of our earlier work are not constructive. In this paper, we use related but different ideas that emphasize the notion of a key function to obtain the functions η A ( n , d ) {}^\eta \!A(n,d) in degrees 2, 3, and 4 (in degree 4 we must restrict to characteristic not 2, 3). We give bounds in closed form for the key functions and the η A _ {}^\eta \!{\underline {A}} functions, and explicit recursions that determine the functions η B {}^\eta \!B from the η A _ {}^\eta \!{\underline {A}} functions. In degree 2, we obtain an explicit value for η B ( n , 2 ) {}^\eta \!B(n,2) that gives the best known bound in Stillman’s conjecture for quadrics when there is no restriction on n n . In particular, for an ideal I I generated by n n quadrics, the projective dimension R / I R/I is at most 2 n + 1 ( n − 2 ) + 4 2^{n+1}(n - 2) + 4 .

In the absence of observed data from Solar radiation (Sr), it is possible to estimate it using mathematical models. In general, the models vary in degree of complexity and the adjustment coefficients, and these must be calibrated to the place of interest to obtain the best performance. In this regard, the present work aims to evaluate the performance of simplified models of solar radiation in obtaining reference evapotranspiration. The data were obtained from the automatic meteorological station of the National Meteorological Institute (Inmet), located in Santa Maria – RS, Brazil. In the estimates of global solar radiation and its influence on reference evapotranspiration, ten models were evaluated, five models with the coefficients calibrated and five models, with the coefficients determined by the authors. It was observed that all the models studied presented performance index above 0.82, indicating “optimal” performance. Thus, both calibration and non-calibration models to obtain Sr do not interfere with ETo estimation. Therefore, given the impossibility of obtaining Sr data in meteorological stations, it is possible to use any of the models analyzed.

We define the term $$\ulcorner $$a set T of sentential-logical formulae grounds a sentential-logical formula A from a syntactic point of view$$\urcorner $$ in such a way that A is a syntactic sentential-logical consequence of T, and specific additional syntactic requirements regarding T and A are fulfilled. These additional requirements are developed strictly within the syntactics of sentential-logical languages, the three most important being new, namely: to be atomically minimal, to be minimal in degree, and not to be conjunction-like. Our approach is independent of any specific sentential-logical calculus.

The microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from sweet lemon peel (SLP) was optimized using Box-Behnken design. The highest pectin yield (25.31%) was observed under optimal condition (microwave power of 700 W, irradiation time of 3 min and pH of 1.5). The physicochemical, structural and some bioactivity of the SLP pectin isolated at optimum condition was evaluated. The SLP pectin was rich in galacturonic acid and galactose (87.2 mol%), high in molecular weight (615.836 kDa) and low in degree of esterification (1.2-35.1%). Furthermore, the SLP pectin was composed of 55.7% linear region (homogalacturonan) and 42.2% hairy region (rhamnogalacturonan-I). Also, the FT-IR and H-NMR results confirm the major presence of low methylated galacturonic acid rich structure in the isolated samples. In addition, SLP pectin showed good emulsifying and antioxidant properties. A pseudoplastic flow behavior was observed for SLP pectin solution at higher concentrations (1% w/v). These results represent an inexpensive source for pectin extraction with high pectin yield and good properties.

Some philosophers have offered structural representations as an alternative to indicator-based representations. Motivating these philosophers is the belief that an indication-based analysis of representation exhibits two fatal inadequacies from which structural representations are spared: such an analysis cannot account for the causal role of representational content and cannot explain how representational content can be made determinate. In fact, we argue, indicator and structural representations are on a par with respect to these two problems. This should not be surprising, we contend, given that the distinction between indicator and structural representations is better conceived as one involving degree rather than kind.

Healing Second degree burns can be affected by the presence of bacteria. This research reveals the role of honey and MEBO in removing bacterial effects on healing. Pure experimental research method with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were 4 treatments, which were positive, negative, honey and MEBO treatment, each of which was given to rats with second degree burns. Wound healing and other parameters were observed on 7 th, 14th and 21st days. The result was that the administration of honey as an antibacterial drug was very effective and gave healing on the 21st day to white rats. Giving MEBO as an antibacterial drug is very effective and provides healing on the 21st day to white rats. Giving honey is more effective than MEBO as an antibacterial drug and healing burns on 21st day against white rats.

The present paper investigates the effect of cold working and electrochemical nitridation on corrosion resistance of 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS). The X-ray diffraction results showed that the strain-induced martensite is formed on cold work. Also, the volumetric fraction of strain induced martensite and dislocation density increased with increase in degree of cold work. The cold working process adversely affects the corrosion resistance of 316L ASS due to the formation of the strain-induced martensite and increased dislocation density. On electrochemical nitridation, the electrochemical results show the formation of stable passive film, thus improving the corrosion resistance of 316L ASS attributed to the formation of nitrides on the surface. Moreover, the beneficial effect of electrochemical nitridation is more pronounced in cold worked samples, thus the adverse effects of cold working can be overcome by electrochemical nitridation.

Let S = k [ x 1 , … , x r ] be a polynomial ring over an infinite field k, and I a homogeneous ideal of S generated in degree d. We prove the existence of an integer n I , such that for a set X of at least n I general points in P r − 1 , the ideal I ∏ p ∈ X I ( p ) has a linear resolution, where I ( p ) is the vanishing ideal of the point p ∈ P r − 1 . We also prove that n I ≤ r ( reg ( I ) − d ) , which can be seen as a generalization of the well-known fact that I m s always has a linear resolution for s ≥ reg ( I ) − d where m = ( x 1 , … , x r ) .

Objective Essential tremor (ET) prominently affects the upper-limbs during voluntary movements, but can also affect the lower-limbs, head, and chin. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of thalamus improves both clinical ratings and quantitative measures of tremor, no study has quantified effects of DBS on tremor across multiple body parts. Our objective was to quantify therapeutic effects of DBS across multiple body parts in ET. Methods We performed quantitative assessment of tremor in ET patients who had DBS for at least one year. We assessed tremor on and off VIM-stimulation using triaxial accelerometers on the upper-limbs, lower-limbs, head and chin during seated and standing tasks. Results VIM-DBS significantly reduced tremor, but there was no statistical difference in degree of tremor reduction across the measured effectors. Compared to healthy controls, ET patients treated with DBS showed significantly greater tremor power (4–8 Hz) across all effectors during seated and standing tasks. Conclusions VIM-DBS reduced tremor in ET patients. There was no significant difference in the degree of tremor reduction across the measured effectors. Significance This study provides new quantitative evidence that VIM-DBS is effective at reducing tremor across multiple parts of the body.

Efforts to understand and remedy the rejection of science are impeded by lack of insight into how it varies in degree and in kind around the world. The current work investigates science skepticism in 24 countries (N = 5,973). Results show that while some countries stand out as generally high or low in skepticism, predictors of science skepticism are relatively similar across countries. One notable effect was consistent across countries though stronger in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) nations: General faith in science was predicted by spirituality, suggesting that it, more than religiosity, may be the ‘enemy’ of science acceptance. Climate change skepticism was mainly associated with political conservatism especially in North America. Other findings were observed across WEIRD and non-WEIRD nations: Vaccine skepticism was associated with spirituality and scientific literacy, genetic modification skepticism with scientific literacy, and evolution skepticism with religious orthodoxy. Levels of science skepticism are heterogeneous across countries, but predictors of science skepticism are heterogeneous across domains.

Motivation is one of some psychological factors which influences the speaking proficiency. Therefore, this study aims at finding out whether or not there is a significant correlation between EFL learners’ motivation and their speaking skills. With regard to the methodology applied in this study, a correlation research was used to determine whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables in form of quantitative method. Purposive sampling was used in the correlational research due to the assumption that the selected students were able to give information or data in relation to the research problems based on the research design. Thus, 46 learners were chosen as the samples. The study was conducted at learners in SMA Negeri 1 Marisa, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo. Moreover, the quantifiable data were obtained from speaking test based on the Heaton assessment and motivation test based on the Likert Scale assessment which were distributed to the learners. The data were then analyzed by Pearson product moment. The findings showed that there was a significant correlation between EFL learners’ motivation and their speaking skills in degree of high correlation. In other words, the assumption views that that the higher motivation belongs to EFL Learners to speak the better ability they speak.

(Title: The Interdependence Between Human and Nature in Craighead Jean George’s “My Side of The Mountain”). Centering from the belief that literature is an important media to remind people about the significant role of the environment and to stimulate awareness about its critical condition, this study explores ecological discourse in Jean Craighead George’s My Side of the Mountain. It aims to reveal an interdependence between people and nature. Applying qualitative content analysis, this study shows that the interdependence between people and nature is different in degree. People have a strong dependence on nature, whereas nature is an independent entity and scarcely needs people to support their life. Sam in My Side of the Mountain has been nurtured by nature. It provides him food, shelter, and protection from any inconvenient weather. However, Sam is careless and ignorant. He focuses on fulfilling his needs and neglecting his surroundings. In the novel, nature is dominated and positioned as the object to fulfill humans’ needs and desires. Keywords: literature, nature, human, interdependence

We have conducted this study to select soybeans adaptable to North Korea using growing degree days (GDD) as a heuristic tool. For analyzing climatic conditions, we assumed that climatic conditions of Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon are similar to the Eastern Coast Northern Zone, Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea, respectively. The predicted days to flowering of 100 soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang, and Yeoncheon were in ranges from 7/17 to 7/30, from 7/16 to 7/28, and from 7/30 to 8/10, respectively, while the last date of flowering for completely harvesting were predicted by July 12th, August 2nd, and August 11th, respectively. The predicted days to flowering using GDD were almost similar to the days investigated in the three fields. These results showed that GDD is highly effective in predicting development rates of soybean, such as days to flower­ing and days to maturity. Although most of the tested soybeans were difficult to adapt to Longjing, we selected 12, 15, and 16 soybean varieties/lines based on the predicted days to flowering and last date of flowering for completely harvesting and yield of the soybeans grown at Longjing, Donggang and Yeoncheon, respectively, for further analyzing effects of the regional characteristics on agricultural traits of the selected soybeans. The 100-seed weight and yield of the selected soybeans grown at Longjing was significantly low compared with those at the other locations. The results implied that the soybeans would be exposed to freezing temperature before R6 stage and the reduced size would contribute to soybean yield loss. Taken together, we concluded that Suwon212, Iksan13 and ‘Shinpaldalkong2’ which were stable in degree of lodging, 100-seed weight, and yield at Donggang and Yeoncheon could be adaptable to Suyangsan Northern Zone, and Suyangsan Southern Zone in North Korea.

The random balance method was used to select the most significant factors in degree of their influence on the optimization parameter - final moisture content of the material: initial moisture content of the material, power of IR-radiators, machine productivity, and shaft rotation speed. Planning matrix was realized, statistical analysis of the results was carried out by the software Statistica 10.0. On the basis of experimental studies, a mathematical model of the technological process of wheat processing in a peeling and drying machine was obtained. Determined optimal design and operating parameters of the developed peeling and drying machine: at initial moisture content of the material of 19% (strongly remoistened grain), optimization parameter (the final moisture content of the material) reaches the minimum values – 15.0-15.5% (an optimum zone), with the minimum machine productivity 500 kg/h, shaft rotation speed 1350-1400 rpm and power of IR -radiators 4 kW.

Los corpus lingüísticos se vienen utilizando como herramienta para el aprendizaje de lenguas desde finales de los años 80 en el área de inglés como lengua extranjera con un extenso volumen de investigaciones empíricas. En el campo del español como lengua extranjera (ELE) abundan las propuestas didácticas mientras que los estudios empíricos son mucho más escasos. Por otro lado, un contenido que causa dificultades a los estudiantes y que se puede beneficiar enormemente del uso de esta herramienta es el léxico. El objetivo de este estudio de caso es mostrar cómo determinadas actividades con corpus lingüísticos integradas en una unidad didáctica pueden ayudar a profundizar el conocimiento léxicosemántico de las unidades léxicas. En este artículo presentamos un ejemplo de aplicación práctica del aprendizaje basado en datos (ABD) en ELE. Se trata de una propuesta didáctica para la adquisición de cuasisinónimos relacionados con el clima. Tres grupos diferentes de estudiantes británicos realizaron actividades con uso indirecto y directo del corpus CORPES XXI. El cuestionario administrado a los estudiantes tras la implementación de la unidad didáctica mostró percepciones satisfactorias de las diferentes actividades realizadas, tanto hacia los materiales impresos como hacia la consulta directa al corpus. Asimismo, las observaciones directas de las acciones de los estudiantes durante su consulta directa al corpus mostraron una actitud positiva hacia la herramienta, aunque con diferentes grados. Estos resultados avalan la utilidad de las actividades ABD integradas en unidades didácticas completas.