Author: "Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1,490 results on '"Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN)"'

1. The Watch Man / Balnakiel

Author: Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN) ; CNRS - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, Trakas, Marina, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN) ; CNRS - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, and Trakas, Marina
Abstract: Review of Illingworth, Shona (2011). The Watch Man / Balnakiel

2. Review of Anastasio, T.J., Ehrenberger, K.A., Watson, P. & Zhang W. (2012), Individual and Colllective Consolidation. Analogous Processes on Different Levels.

Author: Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN) ; CNRS - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, Trakas, Marina, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN) ; CNRS - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, and Trakas, Marina
Abstract: Review of Individual and Colllective Consolidation. Analogous Processes on Different Levels., Review of Individual and Colllective Consolidation. Analogous Processes on Different Levels.

3. The paradox of fiction: Emotional response toward fiction and the modulatory role of self-relevance

Author: Jérôme Pelletier, Prany Wantzen, Dominique Makowski, Jérôme Dokic, Stéphane Lemaire, Margherita Arcangeli, Tiziana Zalla, Pascale Piolino, Marco Sperduti, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Philosophie des normes (EA 1270), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Philosophie des normes ( EA 1270 ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Rennes (UR), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Memory, Episodic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Emotions, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Stimulus (physiology), Self, 050105 experimental psychology, Arousal, Young Adult, Electrodermal activity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Emotional reaction, Fiction, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Emotional expression, Emotion, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Galvanic Skin Response, General Medicine, humanities, Personal engagement, Personal memory, Female, Paradox of fiction, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; For over forty years, philosophers have struggled with the "paradox of fiction", which is the issue of how we can get emotionally involved with fictional characters and events. The few neuroscientific studies investigating the distinction between the processing of real and fictional entities have evidenced that midline cortical structures and lateral fronto-parietal regions are more engaged for real and fictional entities, respectively. Interestingly, the former network is engaged in autobiographical memory retrieval and self-reference, processes that are known to boost emotional reactivity, while the latter underpins emotion regulation. Thus, a possible modulation of the emotional response according to the nature (real or fictional) of the stimulus is conceivable. To test this hypothesis, we presented short emotional (negative and positive) and neutral video as fictional or real. For negative material, we found that subjective emotional experience, but not physiological arousal measured by electrodermal activity, was reduced in the fictional condition. Moreover, the amount of personal memories linked to the scenes counteracted this effect boosting the subjective emotional response. On the contrary, personal memories elicited by the scenes, but not fiction, modulate the emotional response for positive material. These results suggest that when a stimulus triggers a personal memory, the emotional response is less prone to be modulated by contextual factors, and suggest that personal engagement could be responsible for emotional reaction toward fiction. We discuss these results in the emotion regulation framework and underline their implications in informing theoretical accounts of emotion in the neuroscientific domain and the philosophical debate on the paradox of emotional response to fiction
Published: 2016

4. Perception, Cognition and Reasoning about Shadows

Author: Roberto Casati, Paulo E. Santos, Patrick Cavanagh, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception ( LPP - UMR 8242 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Thought experiment, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Spatial intelligence, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Spatial perception, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Categorization, Modeling and Simulation, Perception, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, [ SCCO ] Cognitive science, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common, Cognitive psychology, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: The way we categorize shadows interfaces with the way we perceive them (Casati, 2017). Some thought experiments such as the Yale Problem (Todes & Daniels, 1975), the Intersecting Eclipses Problem (...
Published: 2017

5. Animal linguistics: a primer

Author: Melissa Berthet, Camille Coye, Guillaume Dezecache, Jeremy Kuhn, University of Zurich, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Exeter, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: communication, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, meaning, 410 Linguistics, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 10104 Department of Comparative Language Science, 490 Other languages, ISLE Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, 890 Other literatures, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, semantics, syntax, pragmatics, signal
Abstract: The question of the evolution of language is investigated by several research communities (including biologists and linguists) that strive to highlight similar linguistic capacities across species. So far though, no consensus exists on linguistic capacities of nonhuman species. The major contentions are on the misuse of linguistic terminology, irrelevance of analysis methods and inappropriate behavioural data collection. The field of ‘animal linguistics’ has emerged to overcome these difficulties and attempt to reach unique methods and terminology. This primer is a tutorial review of ‘animal linguistics’. It exposes the linguistic theoretical concepts of semantics, pragmatics and syntax, and proposes the minimal criteria that are to be fulfilled to claim that a given species displays a given linguistic capacity. Second, it reviews relevant methods successfully applied to the study of animal data, and proposes a list of useful references to detect and overcome major pitfalls commonly observed in the collection of animal behaviour data. This primer represents a milestone towards mutual understanding and fruitful collaborations between linguists and biologists.
Published: 2022

6. Un traitement hybride du vague textuel : du système expert VAGO à son clone neuronal

Author: Icard, Benjamin, Claveau, Vincent, Atemezing, Ghislain, Égré, Paul, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Mondeca, Programme PLEXUS (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action, Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme, grant agreement n°101086295), ANR-21-ASIA-0003,HYBRINFOX,Traitement des fake news et du vague informationnel : une approche hybride entre IA symbolique et apprentissage profond(2021), and ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017)
Subjects: Hybridation, Subjectivity, Precision, Explainability, Précision, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Vagueness, Vague, Détail, Subjectivité, Detail, Hybridization, Explicabilité
Abstract: International audience; The VAGO tool is an expert system for lexical vagueness detection that also measures the degree of subjectivity of the speech, as well as its level of detail. In this paper, we build a neural clone of VAGO, based on a BERT-like architecture, trained on symbolic VAGO scores on a French press corpus (FreSaDa). The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows the fidelity of the neural version. By exploiting explainability tools (LIME), we then show the interest of this neural version for the enrichment of the lexicons of the symbolic version, and for the production of versions in other languages.; L'outil VAGO est un système expert de détection du vague lexical qui mesure aussi le degré de subjectivité du discours, ainsi que son niveau de détail. Dans cet article, nous construisons un clone neuronal de VAGO, fondé sur une architecture de type BERT, entraîné à partir des scores du VAGO symbolique sur un corpus de presse française (FreSaDa). L'analyse qualitative et quantitative montre la fidélité de la version neuronale. En exploitant des outils d'explicabilité (LIME), nous montrons ensuite l'intérêt de cette version neuronale d'une part pour l'enrichissement des lexiques de la version symbolique, et d'autre part pour la production de versions dans d'autres langues.
Published: 2023

7. Chronic refined carbohydrate consumption measured by glycemic load and variation in cognitive performance in healthy people

Author: Léonard Guillou, Valérie Durand, Michel Raymond, Claire Berticat, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: diet evolution, cognition, [SCCO]Cognitive science, sugars, high glycemic load, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Refined carbohydrates diet evolution cognition sugars high glycemic load energy intake, energy intake, General Psychology, Refined carbohydrates
Abstract: International audience; A massive diet switch has occurred in the occidental world since the second half of the 20 th century, with a dramatic increase in refined carbohydrate consumption generating numerous deleterious health effects. Physiological mechanisms associated with refined carbohydrate consumption, such as hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, may impact cognition in healthy people before overt obesity, metabolic disease onset or dementia. To explore this possibility, the relationship between cognitive performance and chronic refined carbohydrate consumption was studied in healthy young adults (N = 95). Evaluation of chronic refined consumption was based on the glycemic load (a proxy of glycemic and insulinemic responses) of three mealtimes at higher glycemic risk: breakfast, afternoon snacking and between-meal snacking. Immediate consumption of refined carbohydrates was experimentally controlled. High chronic between-meal glycemic load is associated to a decrease of cognitive performance for men and women in the presence of several control variables, including energy intake. The different physiological ecologies of the three meals and the interpretation of the results in terms of adaptation or maladaptation to the modern dietary environment are discussed.
Published: 2023

8. Essai sur l'Habitus Graphique : le cas des Yoruba

Author: APLOGAN, Parfait Blaise, Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Dans les sociétés qui ont anciennement connu l'écriture, la culture graphique-qu'elle soit comprise comme art ou non-en a été le cadre généalogique. Ce constat est vrai pour l'Eurasie, avec la Mésopotamie, puis la Grèce et la Rome ; mais il l'est aussi pour l'Afrique avec l'Egypte et pour l'Asie avec la Chine. En Occident, la culture graphique qui remonte à des millénaires, au fil du temps, a pris la forme de l'art avec la peinture et deviendra une technologie intellectuelle avec l'écriture 1. En Chine, à ses origines, cette culture, sans correspondre strictement à la définition occidentale de l'art, a été très prisée. La peinture apparaît en Chine dès le Néolithique et probablement dès le Paléolithique sur les parois peintes des abris sous roche. Les idéogrammes, dont l'apparition se situe vers 2200 AEC, découlent de résidus d'équations divinatoires, obtenues à partir de craquelures sur des omoplates de bovidés ou des carapaces de tortue 2. Mais ces notations de signes, dont la valorisation sémantique sera à l'origine des idéogrammes, n'aurait pu se faire s'il n'existait déjà une culture graphique antérieure. C'est dire que même dans les sociétés ayant anciennement connu l'écriture, en dehors de leurs usages religieux ou esthétique, les élaborations graphiques étaient aussi un moyen de représentation, de marquage, de communication, de notation et de conservation.
Published: 2023

9. La Saillance symbolique : Analyse d’un récit rituel

Author: APLOGAN, Parfait Blaise, Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Analyse d'un récit rituel Blaise Aplogan Résumé Dans cette étude, nous avons essayé d'établir, dans les textes oraux à vocation rituelle, l'existence d'un système d'agences dotées de saillance symbolique. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord montré que toute élaboration graphique élémentaire peut être considérée comme le résultat d'une saillance chromatique. La saillance chromatique induite par une élaboration graphique élémentaire a été rapportée à une loi binomiale exprimant la consistance ontologique de sa forme et sa densité. Nous avons ensuite considéré le cas de l'écriture, définie comme une forme incrémentielle de saillance graphique à usage communicationnelle. D'un point de vue culturel, les caractéristiques de l'écrit l'opposent à l'oralité. Or, en nous appuyant sur les effets de la saillance symbolique dans les textes oraux, nous avons pu nuancer l'opposition tranchée entre genre oral et genre écrit.
Published: 2023

10. Editing Phrases

Author: Tian , Ye, Beyssade , Claire, Mathieu , Yannick, Ginzburg , Jonathan, Ginzburg, Jonathan, Franco-allemand en sciences humaines et sociales - Dysfluences, exclamations et rires dans le dialogue - - DUEL2013 - ANR-13-FRAL-0001 - FRAL - VALID, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - - USPC2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID, Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF UMR7110), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus (CLILLAC-ARP (EA_3967)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LabEx Empirical Foundations of Linguistics (LabEx EFL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), ANR: DUEL,Disfluency, Exclamations, and Laughter in Dialogue (DUEL) project within the projets franco-allemand en sciences humaines et sociales, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02/10-LABX-0083,EFL,Empirical Foundations of Linguistics : data, methods, models(2011), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, ANR-13-FRAL-0001,DUEL,Dysfluences, exclamations et rires dans le dialogue(2013), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle ( LLF ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus ( CLILLAC-ARP EA 3967 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), LabEx Empirical Foundations of Linguistics ( LabEx EFL ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales ( Inalco ) -Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), ANR : DUEL,Disfluency, Exclamations, and Laughter in Dialogue (DUEL) project within the projets franco-allemand en sciences humaines et sociales, and ANR-10-LABX-0083,Labex EFL,Programme 'Investissements d’avenir' géré par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-10-LABX-0083 (Labex EFL)
Subjects: [ SCCO.LING ] Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; Disfluencies are viewed as a performance phenomenon in most formal grammatical treatments. In this paper we provide evidence for the need to integrate disfluencies in the competence grammar. We do this by considering the properties of editing phrases (EPs). We study their distribution in the American English corpus Switchboard and the French corpus Rhapsodie. We show that English and French exhibit various distributional differences, as expected from a grammatical phenomenon. We sketch a treatment for distinct classes of editing phrases.
Published: 2015

11. Social factors drive vocal exchanges in red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus)

Author: Bastien Meunier, Virginie Durier, Aline Giacalone, Camille Coye, Alban Lemasson, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This research received funds from Rennes 1 University, National Center for Scientific Research (C.N.R.S.), French University Institute (I.U.F.) and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 788077, Orisem, PI: Schlenker). Research was conducted in part at Institut d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure – PSL Research University, supported by grants ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 and FrontCog ANR-17-EURE-0017, ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017), and European Project: 788077,Orisem
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Hierarchy, Old World monkeys, Social bonding, General Medicine, Turn-taking, Vocal response, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Of all the calls made by non-human primates, the function of short-distance contact calls has largely remained to be determined. These calls are the most frequent in the repertoire and are most often exchanged between individuals in a non-random way. To our knowledge, no study has ever examined how vocal exchanges are structured in red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus), a semi-terrestrial monkey living in the African forest with a complex semi-tolerant/semi-despotic social system. Our goal was to assess the organization of contact call exchanges in this species and their relationship with individual and social factors such as age, affinity, and hierarchy. Therefore, we observed several captive groups of red-capped mangabeys and collected data on vocal behavior, as well as grooming, agonistic behavior, and spatial proximity. We defined a vocal exchange in this species as a series of contact calls made by two or more individuals within a maximum inter-caller interval of 2 s. At the individual level, the higher the individual’s hierarchical rank, the less they initiated exchanges. Furthermore, the most socially integrated individuals had a longer average response time than the less integrated ones. At the dyadic level, preferred exchange partners were individuals often observed near one other or individuals most distant in age. Also, the further apart two individuals were in the dominance hierarchy, the shorter the response time. Our results support both the social bonding hypothesis and a modulating key role of the dominance hierarchy on the social use of contact calls, which is in line with the social style of this species.
Published: 2023

12. Collective emotion: an experimental framework

Author: Victor Chung, Julie Grèzes, Elisabeth Pacherie, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Grezes, Julie
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, collective emotion, shared experience, interpersonal synchrony, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], social cognition, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SCCO] Cognitive science, group emotion
Abstract: A bustling literature spanning philosophy, psychology and social sciences aims for a better understanding of the collective patterns of emotions stirring human society. To date, however, this endeavour is still in need of a unifying conceptual framework and empirical evidence regarding the characteristics, antecedents and consequences of collective emotion remains sparse. To foster progress in the field, we examine existing accounts and identify three characteristics of collective emotion: emotion alignment, feeling of social connectedness and mutual awareness. We then propose a typology of collective emotion that accounts for the dynamic interplay of social and cognitive processes. Crucially, this typology allows for integrating different accounts and research traditions into an experimental framework that generates testable predictions regarding the mechanisms and consequences of collective emotion. Finally, we review available empirical evidence in social and cognitive sciences and we discuss future directions for an evidence-based approach to collective emotion.
Published: 2022

13. Evidence for compositionality in baboons (Papio papio) through the test case of negation

Author: Isabelle, Dautriche, Brian, Buccola, Melissa, Berthet, Joel, Fagot, Emmanuel, Chemla, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Multidisciplinary, Evolution of language, Papio papio, Human behaviour, Animals, Learning, Cues, Animal behaviour, Papio, Language
Abstract: Can non-human animals combine abstract representations much like humans do with language? In particular, can they entertain a compositional representation such as ‘not blue’? Across two experiments, we demonstrate that baboons (Papio papio) show a capacity for compositionality. Experiment 1 showed that baboons can entertain negative, compositional, representations: they can learn to associate a cue with iconically related referents (e.g., a blue patch referring to all blue objects), but also to the complement set associated with it (e.g., a blue patch referring to all non-blue objects). Strikingly, Experiment 2 showed that baboons not only learn to associate a cue with iconically related referents, but can learn to associate complex cues (composed of the same cue and an additional visual element) with the complement object set. Thus, they can learn an operation, instantiated by this additional visual element, that can be compositionally combined with previously learned cues. These results significantly reduce any claim that would make the manipulation and combination of abstract representations a solely human privilege.
Published: 2022

14. Perceptual hysteresis as a marker of perceptual inflexibility in schizophrenia

Author: Guillaume Dezecache, Jean-Rémy Martin, Daniel Pressnitzer, Nicolas Franck, Elisabeth Pacherie, Nicolás Bruno, Philippe Nuss, Jérôme Dokic, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception ( LPP - UMR 8242 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Institut des Sciences Cognitives ( ISC ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Persistence (psychology), Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), media_common.quotation_subject, Emotions, Population, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Sensory system, 050105 experimental psychology, Perceptual Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), [ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Social cognition, Perception, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 05 social sciences, Control subjects, Hysteresis (economics), Auditory Perception, Schizophrenia, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; : People with schizophrenia are known to exhibit difficulties in the updating of their current belief states even in the light of disconfirmatory evidence. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that people with schizophrenia could also manifest perceptual inflexibility, or difficulties in the updating of their current sensory states. The presence of perceptual inflexibility might contribute both to the patients' altered perception of reality and the formation of some delusions as well as to their social cognition deficits. Here, we addressed this issue with a protocol of auditory hysteresis, a direct measure of sensory persistence, on a population of stabilized antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients and a sample of control subjects. Trials consisted of emotional signals (i.e., screams) and neutral signals (i.e., spectrally-rotated versions of the emotional stimuli) progressively emerging from white noise - Ascending Sequences - or progressively fading away in white noise - Descending Sequences. Results showed that patients presented significantly stronger hysteresis effects than control subjects, as evidenced by a higher rate of perceptual reports in Descending Sequences. The present study thus provides direct evidence of perceptual inflexibility in schizophrenia.
Published: 2014

15. The Disfluency, Exclamation and Laughter in Dialogue (DUEL) Project

Author: Ginzburg, Jonathan, Tian, Ye, Amsili, Pascal, Beyssade, Claire, Hemforth, Barbera, Mathieu, Yannick, Saillard, Claire, Hough, Julian, Kousidis, Spyridon, Schlangen, David, Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus ( CLILLAC-ARP EA 3967 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), LabEx Empirical Foundations of Linguistics ( LabEx EFL ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales ( Inalco ) -Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), SIGMA Laboratory, ESPCI ParisTech ( SIGMA Laboratory, ESPCI ParisTech ), ESPCI ParisTech, Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle ( LLF ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Bielefeld University, Roulois, Alexandre, Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus (CLILLAC-ARP (EA_3967)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LabEx Empirical Foundations of Linguistics (LabEx EFL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), SIGMA Laboratory, ESPCI ParisTech (SIGMA Laboratory, ESPCI ParisTech), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF UMR7110), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Laboratoire Signaux, Modèles et Apprentissage Statistique (SIGMA), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: linguistics, [ SHS.LANGUE ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2014

16. Being Easy to Communicate Might Make Verdicts Based on Confessions More Legitimate

Author: Nicolas Claidière, Hugo Mercier, Anne-Sophie Hacquin, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Philosophy of mind, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Confessions, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Social Psychology, communication, legitimacy, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, cultural transmission, Sociology, 16. Peace & justice, Epistemology
Abstract: In many judicial systems, confessions are a requirement for criminal conviction. Even if confessions are intrinsically convincing, this might not entirely explain why they play such a paramount role. In addition, it has been suggested that confessions owe their importance to their legitimizing role, explaining why they could be required even when other evidence has convinced a judge. But why would confessions be particularly suited to justify verdicts? One possibility is that they can be more easily transmitted from one individual to the next, and thus spread in the population without losing their convincingness. 360 English-speaking participants were asked to evaluate the convincingness of one of three justifications for a verdict, grounded either in a confession, eyewitnesses, or circumstantial evidence, and to pass on that justification to another participant, who performed the same task. Then, 240 English-speaking participants evaluated the convincingness of some of the justifications produced by the first group of participants. Compared to the other justifications, justifications based on confessions lost less of their convincingness in the transmission process (small to medium effect sizes). Modeling pointed to the most common forms the justifications would take as they are transmitted, and results showed that the most common variant of the justification based on a confession was more convincing (small to medium effect sizes).
Published: 2021

17. A Linguistic Framework for Knowledge, Belief, and Veridicality Judgment

Author: Giannakidou, Anastasia, MARI, Alda, Université de Chicago, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

18. Joint contributions of metacognition and self-beliefs to uncertainty-guided checking behavior

Author: Axel Baptista, Maxime Maheu, K. N’Diaye, Luc Mallet, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), CHU Henri Mondor, and University of Geneva [Switzerland]
Subjects: Male, Adaptive strategies, Process (engineering), Science, Culture, Metacognition, Self beliefs, Outcome (game theory), Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Judgment, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological, Human behaviour, Humans, Psychology, Macro, 030304 developmental biology, Adaptive behavior, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Uncertainty, Self Concept, Scale (social sciences), Compulsive Behavior, Medicine, Female, Obsessive Behavior, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Checking behavior is a natural and adaptive strategy for resolving uncertainty in everyday situations. Here, we aimed at investigating the psychological drivers of checking and its regulation by uncertainty, in non-clinical participants and controlled experimental settings. We found that the sensitivity of participants’ explicit confidence judgments to actual performance (explicit metacognition) predicted the extent to which their checking strategy was regulated by uncertainty. Yet, a more implicit measure of metacognition (derived from asking participants to opt between trials) did not contribute to the regulation of checking behavior. Meanwhile, how participants scaled on questionnaires eliciting self-beliefs such as self-confidence and self-reported obsessive–compulsive symptoms also predicted participants’ uncertainty-guided checking tendencies. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that checking behavior is likely the outcome of a core explicit metacognitive process operating at the scale of single decisions, while remaining influenced by general self-beliefs. Our findings are thus consistent with two mechanisms (micro vs. macro) through which this otherwise adaptive behavior could go awry in certain psychiatric disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Published: 2021

19. Robots and Resentment: Commitments, recognition and social motivation in HRI

Author: Pacherie, Elisabeth, Fernández Castro, Víctor, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Springer, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pacherie, Elisabeth, and ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SHS.PHIL.ETHICS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.ethics, [SCCO.PSYEMO]Cognitive science/domain_scco.psyemo, [SHS.PHIL.ACTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.action, [SCCO] Cognitive science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

20. Controllability boosts neural and cognitive signatures of changes-of-mind in uncertain environments

Author: Marion Rouault, Aurélien Weiss, Junseok K Lee, Jan Drugowitsch, Valerian Chambon, Valentin Wyart, Institut Jean Nicod, Admin, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)
Subjects: Cognition, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Uncertainty, Learning, Reproducibility of Results, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, General Medicine, Arousal, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; In uncertain environments, seeking information about alternative choice options is essential for adaptive learning and decision-making. However, information seeking is usually confounded with changes-of-mind about the reliability of the preferred option. Here, we exploited the fact that information seeking requires control over which option to sample to isolate its behavioral and neurophysiological signatures. We found that changes-of-mind occurring with control require more evidence against the current option, are associated with reduced confidence, but are nevertheless more likely to be confirmed on the next decision. Multimodal neurophysiological recordings showed that these changes-of-mind are preceded by stronger activation of the dorsal attention network in magnetoencephalography, and followed by increased pupil-linked arousal during the presentation of decision outcomes. Together, these findings indicate that information seeking increases the saliency of evidence perceived as the direct consequence of one’s own actions.
Published: 2022

21. Vagueness and Order Effects in Color Categorization

Author: David Ripley, Vincent de Gardelle, Paul Egré, Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception ( LPP - UMR 8242 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Connecticut ( UCONN ), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, business.industry, Sorites paradox, 05 social sciences, Contrast (statistics), Pattern recognition, Vagueness, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, 06 humanities and the arts, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, 050105 experimental psychology, Dual (category theory), Task (project management), Philosophy, Colored, Categorization, 060302 philosophy, Color term, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Computer Science (miscellaneous), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Artificial intelligence, business, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes an experimental investigation of the use of vague predicates in dynamic sorites. We present the results of two studies in which subjects had to categorize colored squares at the borderline between two color categories (Green vs. Blue, Yellow vs. Orange). Our main aim was to probe for hysteresis in the ordered transitions between the respective colors, namely for the longer persistence of the initial category. Our main finding is a reverse phenomenon of enhanced contrast (i.e. negative hysteresis), present in two different tasks, a comparative task involving two color names, and a yes/no task involving a single color name, but not found in a corresponding color matching task. We propose an optimality-theoretic explanation of this effect in terms of the strict-tolerant framework of Cobreros et al. (J Philos Log 1-39, 2012), in which borderline cases are characterized in a dual manner in terms of overlap between tolerant extensions, and underlap between strict extensions.
Published: 2013

22. Evidence for unintentional emotional contagion beyond dyads

Author: Dan Sperber, Michèle Chadwick, Robert Soussignan, Leonor Philip, Laurence Conty, Julie Grèzes, Guillaume Dezecache, Laboratoire de Neurosciences cognitives ( LNC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie [saint-Denis] ( LPN ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences cognitives (LNC), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Cognitive Science [Budapest, Hungary], Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), The research was supported by a DGA-MRIS scholarship and the Agence National of Research (ANR) 'Emotion(s), Cognition, Comportement' 2011 program (ANR-11-EMCO-00902), as well as an ANR-11-0001-02 PSL*, and an ANR-10-LABX-0087., ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), Dezecache, Guillaume, Grezes, Julie, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Initiative d'excellence - Paris Sciences et Lettres - - PSL2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central European University (CEU), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02,PSL Research University, and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02/10-LABX-0087,IEC,Institute of Cognitive Studies of Ecole normale superieure(2010)
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Happiness, Emotions, Facial Muscles, Poison control, lcsh:Medicine, 050109 social psychology, Emotional contagion, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Emotional competence, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Cognition, Psychology, Emotional expression, Cooperative Behavior, lcsh:Science, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Social perception, 05 social sciences, Experimental Psychology, Fear, Facial Expression, Social Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cues, Research Article, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Social Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological Anthropology, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Motor Reactions, Perception, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Biology, Behavior, Facial expression, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Neurosciences, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Anthropology, Neurons and Cognition, lcsh:Q, Mass Behavior, Photic Stimulation, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about the spread of emotions beyond dyads. Yet, it is of importance for explaining the emergence of crowd behaviors. Here, we experimentally addressed whether emotional homogeneity within a crowd might result from a cascade of local emotional transmissions where the perception of another's emotional expression produces, in the observer's face and body, sufficient information to allow for the transmission of the emotion to a third party. We reproduced a minimal element of a crowd situation and recorded the facial electromyographic activity and the skin conductance response of an individual C observing the face of an individual B watching an individual A displaying either joy or fear full body expressions. Critically, individual B did not know that she was being watched. We show that emotions of joy and fear displayed by A were spontaneously transmitted to C through B, even when the emotional information available in B's faces could not be explicitly recognized. These findings demonstrate that one is tuned to react to others' emotional signals and to unintentionally produce subtle but sufficient emotional cues to induce emotional states in others. This phenomenon could be the mark of a spontaneous cooperative behavior whose function is to communicate survival-value information to conspecifics.
Published: 2013

23. How Good Are We At Evaluating Communicated Information?

Author: Hugo Mercier, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Conformist, Social psychology (sociology), Persuasion, Experimental psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), General Engineering, 050109 social psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Politics, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociocultural evolution, Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract: Are we gullible? Can we be easily influenced by what others tell us, even if they do not deserve our trust? Many strands of research, from social psychology to cultural evolution suggest that humans are by nature conformist and eager to follow prestigious leaders. By contrast, an evolutionary perspective suggests that humans should be vigilant towards communicated information, so as not to be misled too often. Work in experimental psychology shows that humans are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that allow them to carefully evaluate communicated information. These open vigilance mechanisms lead us to reject messages that clash with our prior beliefs, unless the source of the message has earned our trust, or provides good arguments, in which case we can adaptively change our minds. These mechanisms make us largely immune to mass persuasion, explaining why propaganda, political campaigns, advertising, and other attempts at persuading large groups nearly always fall in deaf ears. However, some false beliefs manage to spread through communication. I argue that most popular false beliefs are held reflectively, which means that they have little effect on our thoughts and behaviors, and that many false beliefs can be socially beneficial. Accepting such beliefs thus reflects a much weaker failure in our evaluation of communicated information than might at first appear.
Published: 2021

24. Interacting with volatile environments stabilizes hidden-state inference and its brain signatures

Author: Weiss, Aurélien, Chambon, Valérian, Lee, Junseok K., Drugowitsch, Jan, Wyart, Valentin, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Lods, Marie, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Adult, Science, Decision, Decision Making, Uncertainty, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Bayes Theorem, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Models, Theoretical, Article, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Cognitive control, Humans, Learning, Female, Cues
Abstract: Making accurate decisions in uncertain environments requires identifying the generative cause of sensory cues, but also the expected outcomes of possible actions. Although both cognitive processes can be formalized as Bayesian inference, they are commonly studied using different experimental frameworks, making their formal comparison difficult. Here, by framing a reversal learning task either as cue-based or outcome-based inference, we found that humans perceive the same volatile environment as more stable when inferring its hidden state by interaction with uncertain outcomes than by observation of equally uncertain cues. Multivariate patterns of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity reflected this behavioral difference in the neural interaction between inferred beliefs and incoming evidence, an effect originating from associative regions in the temporal lobe. Together, these findings indicate that the degree of control over the sampling of volatile environments shapes human learning and decision-making under uncertainty., Here, the authors show that humans perceive uncertain environments as more stable when actively interacting with them than when observing them. Magnetoencephalographic signals in the temporal lobe were associated with the increased stability of beliefs during active sampling.
Published: 2021

25. Standards and quantification of coin iconography: possibilities and challenges

Author: Olivier Morin, James Winters, Barbara Pavlek, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 060201 languages & linguistics, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Linguistics and Language, Aesthetics, media_common.quotation_subject, 0602 languages and literature, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, Iconography, Language and Linguistics, Computer Science Applications, Information Systems, media_common
Abstract: The use of digital technologies and big data in the humanities and social sciences provided many opportunities for cultural heritage management and research, enabling data sharing and interdisciplinary collaborations. These developments increased the need for standardized data formats. General and domain-specific standards for describing and classifying cultural data, based on linked data principles, are developed to support increasingly numerous digital collections. However, the existing standards do not fully address the particular challenges concerning the standardized descriptions of images. Here we focus on ancient coins, an official image-bearing medium. We present current approaches to coin iconography, including the application of statistical measures to infer patterns in the use of images for communication. We discuss the importance of consistent, standardized data for quantitative research, and propose a generalized approach, focused on basic concepts and limiting the level of detail for the sake of simplicity, interoperability, and compatibility with statistical methods, as a necessary first step towards creating reliable iconographic standards. 1 Introduction 2 Coin images in the context of the digital revolution in numismatics 3 Measuring information in coin designs: the potentials and concerns of data standardization 4 The level of detail and statistical measures: the implications of coding decisions 5 Conclusion
Published: 2021

26. The intertwined cultural evolution of ascetic spiritualities and puritanical religions as technologies of self-discipline

Author: Jean-Baptiste André, Léo Fitouchi, Nicolas Baumard, Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Self-discipline, Religious studies, 050109 social psychology, Spiritualities, [SCCO.EVOLPSY]Cognitive science/domain_scco.evolpsy, 050105 experimental psychology, Epistemology, Focus (linguistics), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, Asceticism, Sociocultural evolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: Why do, across ascetic spiritual traditions (e.g. Ancient Greek spiritualities, Stoicism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Confucianism), a moralizing side restricting bodily pleasures, and a joyful side celebrating self-control derived well-being develop in concert? Why are these two intertwined cultural traits a recent development in human history, characteristic of economically developed, socially complex societies of the "Axial" transition? Here, we suggest that the cultural affinity between the puritanical and eudaemonic components of "Axial" spiritualities makes sense when one construes them as culturally evolved technologies of self-discipline. By this, we mean a package of psychological theories and techniques that people designed, tweaked and selectively retained because they appeared to them as effective in facilitating the delay of gratification. This increasingly exhibited goal – delaying gratification – had two core facets: facilitating inter-individual cooperation one side, which is a long-term strategy, and favoring individual well-being on the long-run, which required resisting the temptations of immediate pleasures. This dual demand (moral and eudaemonic) for self-control drove the joint cultural evolution of ascetic religions and spiritualities endowed, with various dosages, with both a puritanical, moralizing tenor (controlling sinful desires for selfish, instant gratification) and a joyful, eudaemonic facet (favoring ‘mastery’, spiritual pleasures over short-sighted, quickly evaporating ones). Also, this allows to answer the question of their cultural emergence, as the very propensity to favor long-term goals over immediate gratification varies with people’s material security, which is known to have dramatically increased in the societies where these spiritualities emerged.
Published: 2021

27. Colour terms: native language semantic structure and artificial language structure formation in a large-scale online smartphone application

Author: Olivier Morin, Tiffany Morisseau, Ira Noveck, James Winters, Thomas Müller, Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist, Dept Linguist & Cultural Evolut, Jena, Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF UMR7110), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Laboratoire de Psychologie et d’Ergonomie Appliquées (LaPEA - UMR_T 7708), and Université de Paris (UP)-Université Gustave Eiffel
Subjects: Structure (mathematical logic), business.industry, First language, Scale (chemistry), 05 social sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Smartphone application, computer.software_genre, 050105 experimental psychology, Constructed language, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Language evolution, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Artificial intelligence, Discrete category, business, Psychology, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Natural language processing, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract: Artificial language games give researchers the opportunity to investigate the emergence and evolution of semantic structure, i.e. the organisation of meaning spaces into discrete categories. A possible issue with this approach is that categories mightcarry over from participants’ native languages, a potential bias that has mostly been ignored. In a referential communication game, we compare colour terms from three different languages to those of an artificial language. We assess the similarity of the semantic structures and test the influence of the semantic structure on artificial language communication by comparing to a separate online naming task providing us with the native language semantic structure. Our results show that native and artificial language structures overlap at least moderately. Furthermore, communicative behaviour and performance were influenced by the shared semantic structure, but only for English-speaking pairs. These results imply a cognitive link between participants’ semantic structures and artificial language structure formation. Introduction Artificial language games, semantic structure, and possible biases Colour terms and categorical facilitation Method - The Color Game -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure - Online survey -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure - Predictions Results - Predictions 1 - Predictions 2.1 - Predictions 2.2 - Predictions 2.3 - Predictions 4 Discussion Conclusion
Published: 2021

28. Framing effects as Violations of Extensionality

Author: Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde, Raphaël Giraud, Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien (LED), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire d'Économie Moderne (LEM), Université Panthéon-Assas (UP2), Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE)
Subjects: Logical equivalence, Decision theory, General Decision Sciences, Context (language use), JEL : Z - Other Special Topics, information processing, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 0502 economics and business, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Selection (linguistics), [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, Bolker-Jeffrey decision model, 050207 economics, Preference (economics), Applied Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, Salva veritate, framing-effects, 05 social sciences, biseparable preferences, General Social Sciences, [ SHS.PHIL.EPISTEMO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.epistemo, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Framing effect, Computer Science Applications, Epistemology, Extensionality, [SHS.PHIL.EPISTEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.epistemo, JEL: Z - Other Special Topics, framing-effects,extensionality,information processing,Bolker-Jeffrey decision model,biseparable preferences, extensionality, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract: Framing effects occur when different descriptions of the same decision problem give rise to divergent decisions. They can be seen as a violation of the decisiontheoretic version of the principle of extensionality (PE). The PE in logic means that two logically equivalent sentences can be substituted salva veritate. We explore what this notion of extensionality becomes in decision contexts. Violations of extensionality may have rational grounds. Based on some ideas proposed by the psychologist Craig McKenzie and colleagues, we contend that framing effects are justified when the selection of one particular frame conveys choice relevant information. We first discuss this idea from a philosophical point of view, and proceed next to formalize it first in the context of the Bolker–Jeffrey decision theory. Finally, we extend the previous analysis to non-expected utility theories using the Biseparable Preference model introduced by Ghirardato and Marinacci (2001) and therefore show that the analysis is independent of the assumptions of Bayesian decision theory.
Published: 2009

29. Le tournant cognitif en économie de la décision et des comportements

Author: Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde, Raphaël Giraud, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), B. Walliser, Institut Jean-Nicod ( IJN ), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE)
Subjects: espérance d'utilité, [ SCCO.REASONNING ] Cognitive science/domain_scco.reasonning, 05 social sciences, [ SHS.PHIL.EPISTEMO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.epistemo, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, tournant cognitif, [SCCO.REASONNING]Cognitive science/domain_scco.reasonning, 050105 experimental psychology, théorie de la décision, incertain, biais cognitifs, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches, JEL : B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches, 0502 economics and business, [SHS.PHIL.EPISTEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy/domain_shs.phil.epistemo, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: Parler d'un tournant cognitif de la théorie économique de la décision suppose que celle-ci s'est mise, à un moment donné, à prendre davantage et mieux en compte les processus mentaux – voire neuronaux – qui président au traitement de l'information pertinente pour la prise de décision et qui accompagnent, déterminent et expliquent la prise de décision. Cette prise en compte suppose, bien entendu, la modification des modèles de décision, mais sans doute également un changement dans la démarche ui préside à la modélisation, moins tributaire de l'approche instrumentale inspirée de l'irréalisme méthodologique de Milton Friedman (1953) d'après laquelle le caractère réaliste des hypothèses d'un modèle importe peu du moment qu'il prédit correctement les comportements, et plus préoccupée d'une description fidèle des processus mentaux effectifs qui conduisent aux décisions. La tâche qui nous attend est donc double. Il s'agit d'abord de repérer chronologiquement un éventuel tournant. Il s'agit ensuite de caractériser l'avant et l'après. Il est assez facile de repérer les éléments d'un tournant cognitif en théorie économique de la décision dans au moins deux domaines : la théorie de la décision dans l'incertain, où les conséquences de l'action choisie au terme du processus de décision dépendent de la réalisation de certains événements, et la théorie de la décision comportant une dimension temporelle. Nous nous concentrerons ici sur l'analyse du tournant cognitif dans le premier domaine.
Published: 2008

30. A Minimal Sense of Here-ness

Author: Frédérique de Vignemont, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Philosophy, Contemporary philosophy, Analytic philosophy, 060302 philosophy, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, 06 humanities and the arts, Sense (electronics), 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Epistemology
Abstract: In this paper, I give an account of a hitherto neglected kind of ‘here’, which does not work as an intentional indexical. Instead, it automatically refers to the immediate perceptual environment of the subject’s body, which is known as peripersonal space. In between the self and the external world, there is something like a buffer zone, a place in which objects and events have a unique immediate significance for the subject because they may soon be in contact with her. I argue that seeing objects as being here in a minimal sense means seeing them in the place in which the perceptual system expects the world and the body to collide. I further argue that this minimal notion of here-content gives rise to a tactile sense of presence. It provides a unique experiential access to the reality of the seen object by making us aware of its ability to have an effect on us.
Published: 2021

31. Getting the Upper Hand on Sign Language Families: Historical Analysis and AnnotationMethods

Author: Shi Yu, Jessica Lettieri, Justine Mertz, Natasha Abner, Anah Salgat, Carlo Geraci, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [SHS.LANGUE.ORIGIN]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics/domain_shs.langue.origin, Annotation, Computer science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Sign language, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Linguistics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

32. Interpreting plural predication: homogeneity and non-maximality

Author: Benjamin Spector, Manuel Križ, University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Pluralities, Computer science, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Philosophy of language, Negation, Architecture, Reading list, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plural, Original Research, 060201 languages & linguistics, Homogeneity (statistics), [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, 06 humanities and the arts, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, 16. Peace & justice, Definite descriptions, Linguistics, Philosophy, Non-maximality, 060302 philosophy, 0602 languages and literature, Homogeneity, Imprecision, Natural language
Abstract: Plural definite descriptions across many languages display two well-known properties. First, they can give rise to so-called non-maximal readings, in the sense that they ‘allow for exceptions’ (Mary read the books on the reading list, in some contexts, can be judged true even if Mary didn’t read all the books on the reading list). Second, while they tend to have a quasi-universal quantificational force in affirmative sentences (‘quasi-universal’ rather than simply ‘universal’ due to the possibility of exceptions we have just mentioned), they tend to be interpreted existentially in the scope of negation (a property often referred to as homogeneity, cf. Löbner in Linguist Philos 23:213–308, 2000). Building on previous works (in particular Krifka in Proceedings of SALT VI, Cornell University, pp 136–153, 1996 and Malamud in Semant Pragmat, 5:1–28, 2012), we offer a theory in which sentences containing plural definite expressions trigger a family of possible interpretations, and where general principles of language use account for their interpretation in various contexts and syntactic environments. Our theory solves a number of problems that these previous works encounter, and has broader empirical coverage in that it offers a precise analysis for sentences that display complex interactions between plural definites, quantifiers and bound variables, as well as for cases involving non-distributive predicates. The resulting proposal is briefly compared with an alternative proposal by Križ (Aspects of homogeneity in the semantics of natural language, University of Vienna, 2015), which has similar coverage but is based on a very different architecture and sometimes makes subtly different predictions.
Published: 2020

33. Early life adversity is associated with diminished social trust in adults

Author: Perline Demange, Hugo Mell, Nicolas Baumard, Coralie Chevallier, Lou Safra, Yann Algan, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEVIPOF), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) (OFCE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Lods, Marie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications (CEPREMAP), Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL (ECO ENS-PSL), European Project: 647870,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,SOWELL(2015), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po (CEVIPOF), and Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Cognition, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Politics, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Individual Differences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Poverty, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Spire (mollusc), [SCCO] Cognitive science, Public relations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Early life, Metadata, Philosophy, Clinical Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Work (electrical), Political Science and International Relations, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, business, Social trust
Abstract: International audience; Social trust is at the center of democratic societies but it varies considerably between individuals and societies, which deeply affects a range of prosocial behaviours. Socioeconomic status has been identified as an important predictor of such variability. Although this association has mostly been reported for measures of socioeconomic status taken in adulthood, recent studies have found unique effects of harsh conditions experienced during childhood on social trust assessed decades later. Here, we report a series of three studies that provide further support for the long-lasting association between early childhood conditions and social trust. The first study revealed that higher childhood socioeconomic status was associated with greater social trust in a diverse sample of French participants (N=915), even after adjusting for current socioeconomic status. The second study replicated this result using data from the European Values Study, an independent large-scale survey of 46 European countries (N=66,281). Finally, the last study found a similar association between socioeconomic status and willingness to invest in a trust game (N=60 in original study, N=75 in replication study).
Published: 2022

34. Addressing joint action challenges in HRI: Insights from psychology and philosophy

Author: Kathleen Belhassein, Víctor Fernández-Castro, Amandine Mayima, Aurélie Clodic, Elisabeth Pacherie, Michèle Guidetti, Rachid Alami, Hélène Cochet, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Service Informatique : Développement, Exploitation et Assistance (LAAS-IDEA), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ANR-16-CE33-0017,JointAction4HRI,Action Jointe pour l'Interaction Humain Robot(2016), ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Filo-Lab Unit, University of Granada, Spain, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Psychology, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Problem Solving, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Motivation, 4. Education, Communication, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Joint action, General Medicine, Robotics, BF1-990, Philosophy, HRI, 13. Climate action, Mutual recognition, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The vast expansion of research in human-robot interactions (HRI) these last decades has been accompanied by the design of increasingly skilled robots for engaging in joint actions with humans. However, these advances have encountered significant challenges to ensure fluent interactions and sustain human motivation through the different steps of joint action. After exploring current literature on joint action in HRI, leading to a more precise definition of these challenges, the present article proposes some perspectives borrowed from psychology and philosophy showing the key role of communication in human interactions. From mutual recognition between individuals to the expression of commitment and social expectations, we argue that communicative cues can facilitate coordination, prediction, and motivation in the context of joint action. The description of several notions thus suggests that some communicative capacities can be implemented in the context of joint action for HRI, leading to an integrated perspective of robotic communication., French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-16-CE33-0017 ANR-17-EURE-0017 FrontCog ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL, Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion grant IJC2019-040199-I, Spanish Government PID2019-108870GB-I00 PID2019-109764RB-I00
Published: 2022

35. Making sense of human interaction benefits from communicative cues

Author: Natalie Sebanz, Pierre Jacob, Dimitrios Kourtis, Günther Knoblich, Dan Sperber, University of Stirling, Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Joint attention, genetic structures, Eye contact, lcsh:Medicine, Electroencephalography, Cognitive neuroscience, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Social neuroscience, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Attention, Interpersonal Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, lcsh:Science, Evoked Potentials, Multidisciplinary, Gestures, medicine.diagnostic_test, Communication, 05 social sciences, lcsh:R, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Brain, N400, Female, lcsh:Q, Cues, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology, Gesture
Abstract: We investigated whether communicative cues help observers to make sense of human interaction. We recorded EEG from an observer monitoring two individuals who were occasionally communicating with each other via either mutual eye contact and/or pointing gestures, and then jointly attending to the same object or attending to different objects that were placed on a table in front of them. The analyses were focussed on the processing of the interaction outcome (i.e. presence or absence of joint attention) and showed that its interpretation is a two-stage process, as reflected in the N300 and the N400 potentials. The N300 amplitude was reduced when the two individuals shared their focus of attention, which indicates the operation of a cognitive process that involves the relatively fast identification and evaluation of actor–object relationships. On the other hand, the N400 was insensitive to the sharing or distribution of the two individuals’ attentional focus. Interestingly, the N400 was reduced when the interaction outcome was preceded either by mutual eye contact or by a perceived pointing gesture. This shows that observation of communication “opens up” the mind to a wider range of action possibilities and thereby helps to interpret unusual outcomes of social interactions.
Published: 2020

36. Tracking historical changes in trustworthiness using machine learning analyses of facial cues in paintings

Author: Safra, Lou, Chevallier, Coralie, Grèzes, Julie, Baumard, Nicolas, BULTEL, Charlotte, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEVIPOF), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po (CEVIPOF)
Subjects: Male, History, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Science, [SCCO] Cognitive science, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Trust, Article, Europe, Facial Expression, Machine Learning, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SHS.EVOLUTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/domain_shs.evolution, Social Perception, Face, Human behaviour, Humans, lcsh:Q, Female, Paintings, Cues, lcsh:Science, Algorithms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Social trust is linked to a host of positive societal outcomes, including improved economic performance, lower crime rates and more inclusive institutions. Yet, the origins of trust remain elusive, partly because social trust is difficult to document in time. Building on recent advances in social cognition, we design an algorithm to automatically generate trustworthiness evaluations for the facial action units (smile, eye brows, etc.) of European portraits in large historical databases. Our results show that trustworthiness in portraits increased over the period 1500–2000 paralleling the decline of interpersonal violence and the rise of democratic values observed in Western Europe. Further analyses suggest that this rise of trustworthiness displays is associated with increased living standards., Quantifying how social trust evolved throughout history can help us understand the long-run dynamics of our societies. Here, the authors show an increase in displays of trustworthiness, using a face processing algorithm on early to modern European portraits.
Published: 2020

37. Information about action outcomes differentially affects learning from self-determined versus imposed choices

Author: Héloïse Théro, Patrick Haggard, Henri Vandendriessche, Stefano Palminteri, Marie Vidal, Valérian Chambon, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Probability learning, Computational neuroscience, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive neuroscience, Internal-External Control, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Confirmation bias, Valence (psychology), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Cognitive psychology, media_common
Abstract: International audience; The valence of new information influences learning rates in humans: good news tends to receive more weight than bad news. We investigated this learning bias in four experiments, by systematically manipulating the source of required action (free versus forced choices), outcome contingencies (low versus high reward) and motor requirements (go versus no-go choices). Analysis of model-estimated learning rates showed that the confirmation bias in learning rates was specific to free choices, but was independent of outcome contingencies. The bias was also unaffected by the motor requirements, thus suggesting that it operates in the representational space of decisions, rather than motoric actions. Finally, model simulations revealed that learning rates estimated from the choice-confirmation model had the effect of maximizing performance across low- and high-reward environments. We therefore suggest that choice-confirmation bias may be adaptive for efficient learning of action–outcome contingencies, above and beyond fostering person-level dispositions such as self-esteem.
Published: 2020

38. The spectrum of perspective shift: protagonist projection versus free indirect discourse

Author: Márta Abrusán, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 050101 languages & linguistics, Linguistics and Language, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Operator (linguistics), Perspective (graphical), [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Free indirect speech, Semantics, Linguistics, Philosophy of language, Philosophy, Projection (mathematics), Perception, Phenomenon, 060302 philosophy, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: This paper examines a little studied type of perspective shift that I call protagonist projection (PP), following Holton (J Pragmat 28(5):625–628, 1997). (Other names for what is arguably the same phenomenon include non-reflective conscioussness, represented perception, viewpoint shift, etc.) PP is a way of describing the mental state of a protagonist that conveys, to some extent, her perspective. Similarly to its better known cousin free indirect discourse (FID), the shift in perspective is achieved without an overt operator. Unlike FID, PP is not based on a presumed (possibly silent) speech-act of a protagonist. Rather, it gives a linguistic form to pre-verbal perceptual content, sensations, feelings or implicit beliefs. I propose to analyse PP in a bi-contextual framework, extending Eckardt’s (The semantics of free indirect discourse: How texts allow us tomind-read and eavesdrop, Brill, Leiden, 2014) approach to FID. Under the resulting analysis, FID and PP are two instances of a more general category of perspective shift.
Published: 2020

39. Internet users engage more with phatic posts than with health misinformation on Facebook

Author: Sacha Altay, Manon Berriche, Médialab (Sciences Po) (Médialab), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Cultural and media studies, 050801 communication & media studies, Human sexuality, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:Social Sciences, 0508 media and communications, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Social media, Misinformation, Science, technology and society, Sociocultural evolution, General Psychology, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Social network, business.industry, General Arts and Humanities, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, Popularity, Disgust, Social relation, lcsh:H, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Language and linguistics, business, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Social psychology
Abstract: Social media like Facebook are harshly criticized for the propagation of health misinformation. Yet, little research has provided in-depth analysis of real-world data to measure the extent to which Internet users engage with it. This article examines 6.5 million interactions generated by 500 posts on an emblematic case of online health misinformation: the Facebook page Santé + Mag, which generates five times more interactions than the combination of the five best-established French media outlets. Based on the literature on cultural evolution, we tested whether the presence of cognitive factors of attraction, that tap into evolved cognitive preferences, such as information related to sexuality, social relations, threat, disgust or negative emotions, could explain the success of Santé + Mag’s posts. Drawing from media studies findings, we hypothesized that their popularity could be driven by Internet users’ desire to interact with their friends and family by sharing phatic posts (i.e. statements with no practical information fulfilling a social function such as “hello” or “sister, I love you”). We found that phatic posts were the strongest predictor of interactions, followed by posts with a positive emotional valence. While 50% of the posts were related to social relations, only 28% consisted of health misinformation. Despite its cognitive appeal, health misinformation was a negative predictor of interactions. Sexual content negatively predicted interactions and other factors of attraction such as disgust, threat or negative emotions did not predict interactions. These results strengthen the idea that Facebook is first and foremost a social network used by people to foster their social relations, not to spread online misinformation. We encourage researchers working on misinformation to conduct finer-grained analysis of online content and to adopt interdisciplinary approach to study the phatic dimension of communication, together with positive content, to better understand the cultural evolution dynamics of social media.
Published: 2020

40. Are the roots of human economic systems shared with non-human primates?

Author: Jean-Baptiste Leca, Michael J. Beran, Sarah F. Brosnan, Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde, Elsa Addessi, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Etats-Unis, Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), University System of Georgia (USG), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, and University of Lethbridge
Subjects: Primates, Economic behavior, Non-human primate economics, Proto-monetary behavior, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, Delay of gratification, Barter, Behavioral economics, Executive Function, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Numerosity, 0302 clinical medicine, Economics, Animals, Humans, Token-mediated exchange, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Economic games, Sophistication, media_common, Behavior, Animal, Economics, Behavioral, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Mathematical Concepts, Self-control, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Delay Discounting, Value representation, Isolation (psychology), Non-human, Economic model, Economic system, Risk proneness, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We review and analyze evidence for an evolutionary rooting of human economic behaviors and organization in non-human primates. Rather than focusing on the direct application of economic models that a priori account for animal decision behavior, we adopt an inductive definition of economic behavior in terms of the contribution of individual cognitive capacities to the provision of resources within an exchange structure. We spell out to what extent non-human primates’ individual and strategic decision behaviors are shared with humans. We focus on the ability to trade, through barter or token-mediated exchanges, as a landmark of an economic system among members of the same species. It is an open question why only humans have reached a high level of economic sophistication. While primates have many of the necessary cognitive abilities (symbolic and computational) in isolation, one plausible issue we identify is the limits in exerting cognitive control to combine several sources of information. The difference between human and non-human primates’ economies might well then be in degree rather than kind.
Published: 2020

41. Joint actions, commitments and the need to belong

Author: Elisabeth Pacherie, Víctor Fernández Castro, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR, ANR-16-CE33-0017,JointAction4HRI,Action Jointe pour l'Interaction Humain Robot(2016), ANR-18-EURE-0017,TACTIC,Transverse Actions between advanced Ceramics & TIC(2018), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Philosophy of science, Social emotions, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, General Social Sciences, Belongingness, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Philosophy, Action (philosophy), Credibility, Human development (biology), Normative, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Law and economics, Reputation, media_common
Abstract: International audience; This paper concerns the credibility problem for commitments. Commitments play an important role in cooperative human interactions and can dramatically improve the performance of joint actions by stabilizing expectations, reducing the uncertainty of the interaction, providing reasons to cooperate or improving action coordination. However, commitments can only serve these functions if they are credible in the first place. What is it then that insures the credibility of commitments? To answer this question, we need to provide an account of what motivates us to abide by our commitments. We first discuss two conceptions of the nature of the commitments present in joint action and of the norms that govern them. We contend that while normative considerations may have some motivational force, there are reasons to doubt that they, by themselves, could provide a sufficient motivational basis to fully explain why agents abide by their commitments and thus why their commitments are credible. In the next two sections, we discuss two proposals regarding further sources of motivation, reputation management and social emotions. We argue that while reputation management and social emotions certainly play a role in motivating us to act as committed, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons to think that neither captures the most basic motivational force at work in sustaining commitments. We propose instead that the need to belong, i.e., the need to affiliate with others and form long-lasting bonds with them, is what primarily motivates us to interact and engage with those around us and act so as to preserve and reinforce the bonds we have forged with them. We argue that the need to belong is a more basic proximate motivation for conforming to commitments, in the sense both that affiliative behaviors are evidenced much earlier in human development than either reputation management or social emotions and that the need to belong is at least part of an explanation of why we care for our reputation and why we care about others’ assessments of our behavior.
Published: 2020

42. Logical meaning in space: Iconic biases on quantification in sign languages

Author: Jeremy Kuhn, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, 05 social sciences, Sign (semiotics), Space (commercial competition), 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Meaning (existential), [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, 0305 other medical science, Psychology
Abstract: International audience; Typologically, the world's languages vary in how they express universal quantification and negative quantification. In patterns of concord, a single distributive or negative meaning is expressed redundantly on multiple morphological items. Sign languages, too, show semantic variation, but, surprisingly, this variation populates a specific corner of the full typological landscape. When we focus on manual signs, sign languages systematically have distributive concord but tend to not have negative concord in its canonical form. Here, I explain these typological facts as the reflection of an abstract, iconic bias. Recent work on distributive concord and negative concord has proposed that the phenomena can be explained in relation to the discourse referents that they make available. The use of space in sign language also invites iconic inferences about the referents introduced in discourse. We show that these iconic inferences coincide with the meaning of distributive concord but contradict the meaning of negative concord. The sign language typology is thus explained based on what is easy and hard to represent in space.
Published: 2020

43. Around 'Around'

Author: Egré, Paul, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Nicole Gotzner, Uli Sauerland, and Égré, Paul
Subjects: [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; This chapter, written in honor of Stephanie Solt, briefly reports on the reasons to adopt a weak parametric semantics for approximators like ``around''. I review Solt's own account and discuss evidence in favor of more flexibility in the truth-conditions of ``around'' than suggested by her account. I present the truth conditions proposed in recent joint work with B. Spector, A. Mortier, and S. Verheyen, and explain how they were derived from a previous sketch in which ``around'' is characterized in terms of existential quantification over intervals. This quantificational structure remains worthy of consideration.
Published: 2022

44. Emotional Vigilance

Author: Dezecache, Guillaume, Mercier, Hugo, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), T. Shackelford, L. Al-Shawaf, and Institut Jean Nicod, Admin
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Emotional displays, communication, [SCCO] Cognitive science, emotional vigilance, epistemic vigilance, signaling
Abstract: Although emotional displays have long been considered as mere read-outs of the affective state of agents, recent studies and modern evolutionary thinking instead suggest that they should be characterized as proper communicative signals. This implies that emotional displays have evolved to be used strategically, to serve the senders' interests. However, for these signals to be stable, they must also benefit receivers. What guarantees that emotional signals are beneficial for both emitters and observers? In this chapter, we review evidence showing that humans are equipped with mechanisms that evolved to evaluate emotional displays and their sources, so as to minimize the risk of being fooled. We called these mechanisms 'emotional vigilance,' following the 'epistemic vigilance' mechanisms used in ostensive communication. Emotional vigilance, we argue, is part of the human cognitive make-up, and we outline empirical avenues to best elucidate its features.
Published: 2022

45. Exploring Valence in Judgments of Taste

Author: Stojanovic, Isidora, Kaiser, Elsi, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and University of Southern California (USC)
Subjects: [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; Judgments of taste are often assumed to be evaluative, in the sense of expressing either a positive or a negative assessment of the object under evaluation. However, the evaluative character of predicates of personal taste (PPTs) has received relatively little attention from a semantic point of view. Our aim is to fill out this lacuna. We show that PPTs do not divide neatly into positively and negatively valenced terms. Instead, we suggest that many PPTs, such as 'surprising' and 'intense', are neutral: they are underspecified for their valence and, depending on the context, can give rise to a positive, a negative, or an ambivalent evaluation. We investigate how such neutral PPTs differ from evaluative PPTs, and how they differ from certain other terms that are neither positive nor negative, such as 'average'. We use a two-pronged approach. First, we propose two novel linguistic tests that serve as diagnostics to distinguish the class of neutral PPTs from valenced PPTs, and we use corpus examples to corroborate the tests. Second, we use information from pre-existing psychological norms of valence to further explore the class of adjectives that we hypothesize are neutral.
Published: 2022

46. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author: Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo De Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Agustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., Von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqa, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Augustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Clau, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagioti, Olsson, Andrea, Otterbring, Tobia, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobia, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Mano, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmund, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andre, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jāni, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilo, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Department of Digital Humanities, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts), Cognitive Science, Helsinki Research Hub on Religion, Media and Social Change, Helsinki Social Computing Group, Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication, Mind and Matter, High Performance Cognition group, Medicum, Digital Humanities, Law and Economics, Pharmacy, Public Administration, Molecular Genetics, Research Methods and Techniques, Brain and Cognition, Van Bavel, Jay J [0000-0002-2520-0442], Cichocka, Aleksandra [0000-0003-1703-1586], Sjåstad, Hallgeir [0000-0002-8730-1038], Nezlek, John B [0000-0003-4963-3637], Pavlović, Tomislav [0000-0002-4470-3715], Alfano, Mark [0000-0001-5879-8033], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], Cislak, Aleksandra [0000-0002-9880-6947], Lockwood, Patricia L [0000-0001-7195-9559], Ross, Robert Malcolm [0000-0001-8711-1675], Abts, Koen [0000-0001-8546-8347], Agadullina, Elena [0000-0002-1505-1412], Aruta, John Jamir Benzon [0000-0003-4155-1063], Besharati, Sahba Nomvula [0000-0003-2836-7982], Bor, Alexander [0000-0002-2624-9221], Crabtree, Charles David [0000-0001-5144-8671], De, Koustav [0000-0001-9562-0672], Ejaz, Waqas [0000-0002-2492-4115], Elbaek, Christian T [0000-0002-7039-4565], Findor, Andrej [0000-0002-5896-6989], Franc, Renata [0000-0002-1909-2393], Gjoneska, Biljana [0000-0003-1200-6672], Huynh, Toan Luu Duc [0000-0002-1486-127X], Ibanez, Augustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Imran, Mostak Ahamed [0000-0002-5101-3149], Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw [0000-0002-1186-5427], Krouwel, André [0000-0003-0952-6028], Laakasuo, Michael [0000-0003-2826-6073], Lamm, Claus [0000-0002-5422-0653], Leygue, Caroline [0000-0002-0355-1030], Lin, Ming-Jen [0000-0002-7174-2226], Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir [0000-0002-6541-3506], Marie, Antoine [0000-0002-7958-0153], McHugh, Cillian [0000-0002-9701-3232], Minda, John Paul [0000-0002-4081-010X], Mitkidis, Panagiotis [0000-0002-9495-7369], Olsson, Andreas [0000-0001-5272-7744], Otterbring, Tobias [0000-0002-0283-8777], Perry, Anat [0000-0003-2329-856X], Petersen, Michael Bang [0000-0002-6782-5635], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C [0000-0003-4182-0550], Rothmund, Tobias [0000-0003-2979-5129], Schmid, Petra C [0000-0002-9990-5445], Stoyanov, Drozdstoy [0000-0002-9975-3680], Todosijević, Bojan [0000-0002-6116-993X], Tsakiris, Manos [0000-0001-7753-7576], Tung, Hans H [0000-0001-5332-7582], Vanags, Edmunds [0000-0003-1932-936X], Vlasceanu, Madalina [0000-0003-2138-1968], Yucel, Meltem [0000-0002-7274-5971], Zhang, Yucheng [0000-0001-9435-6734], Abad, Mohcine [0000-0002-4964-5411], Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui [0000-0001-9831-6561], Amara, Hanane [0000-0003-0732-2320], Antazo, Benedict G [0000-0001-9993-8960], Apps, Matthew [0000-0001-5793-2202], Barbosa, Sergio [0000-0003-1989-158X], Bastian, Brock [0000-0003-4619-3322], Bernal-Zárate, Maria P [0000-0001-8232-6220], Białek, Michał [0000-0002-5062-5733], Boncinelli, Leonardo [0000-0003-0626-5133], Booth, Jonathan E [0000-0002-8563-4613], Borau, Sylvie [0000-0003-1564-0695], Buchel, Ondrej [0000-0002-0139-5513], Chalise, Hom Nath [0000-0002-9301-6890], Cian, Luca [0000-0002-8051-1366], Cockcroft, Kate [0000-0002-6166-8050], Conway, Jane [0000-0003-3883-349X], Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres [0000-0002-2264-7388], Crouzevialle, Marie [0000-0002-5538-6030], Cutler, Jo [0000-0003-1073-764X], Dabrowska, Justyna [0000-0002-8821-7161], Davis, Victoria H [0000-0002-7207-4629], Dayley, Pamala N [0000-0001-8955-9502], Delouvee, Sylvain [0000-0002-4029-597X], Di Paolo, Roberto [0000-0002-6081-6656], Dulleck, Uwe [0000-0002-0953-5963], Ekmanis, Jānis [0000-0003-1781-1785], Etienne, Tom W [0000-0002-4299-6593], Farkhari, Fahima [0000-0002-8484-5128], Farmer, Harry [0000-0002-3684-0605], Fenwick, Ali [0000-0002-5412-9745], Flew, Terry [0000-0003-4485-9338], Frempong, Raymond Boadi [0000-0002-4603-5570], Gale, Jessica [0000-0001-5677-8629], Garcia-Navarro, E Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Ghajjou, Oussama [0000-0002-2975-0265], Griffin, Siobhán M [0000-0002-3613-2844], Halperin, Eran [0000-0002-3379-2935], Herzon, Volo [0000-0001-7781-1651], Huang, Guanxiong [0000-0002-8588-1454], Hudecek, Matthias FC [0000-0002-7696-766X], Isler, Ozan [0000-0002-4638-2230], Jangard, Simon [0000-0002-7876-4161], Jørgensen, Frederik J [0000-0002-5461-912X], Kahn, John [0000-0002-0548-3123], Koppel, Lina [0000-0002-6302-0047], Koverola, Mika [0000-0001-8227-6120], Leota, Josh [0000-0002-7714-4630], Lermer, Eva [0000-0002-6600-9580], Maglić, Marina [0000-0002-6851-4601], Metcalf, Alexander L [0000-0001-9532-585X], Miura, Asako [0000-0002-7563-7503], Monroy-Fonseca, César [0000-0003-4696-8159], Morales-Marente, Elena [0000-0002-1227-9606], Moreau, David [0000-0002-1957-1941], Nesh-Nash, Tarik [0000-0002-5532-9095], Nitschke, Jonas P [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S [0000-0003-1787-5914], Palomäki, Jussi [0000-0001-6063-0926], Pan, Yafeng [0000-0002-5633-8313], Pavlović, Zoran [0000-0002-9231-5100], Payán-Gómez, César [0000-0002-0633-1332], Perander, Silva [0000-0001-6711-8079], Pitman, Michael Mark [0000-0001-5532-5388], Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna [0000-0002-9112-8629], Raza, Ali [0000-0002-2438-6054], Rhee, Kasey [0000-0002-8562-0801], Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván [0000-0002-5385-3643], Saikkonen, Teemu [0000-0001-9619-3270], Sampaio, Waldir M [0000-0002-6066-4314], Schönegger, Philipp [0000-0001-9930-487X], Schultner, David T [0000-0003-2253-4065], Scott, Andy [0000-0002-3294-0078], Skali, Ahmed [0000-0002-4753-3280], Stadelmann, David [0000-0002-1211-9936], Stafford, Clara Alexandra [0000-0003-1716-7870], Stanojević, Dragan [0000-0002-3667-2461], Stefaniak, Anna [0000-0002-1706-7784], Sternisko, Anni [0000-0002-2507-3076], Stoica, Augustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Sundvall, Jukka [0000-0003-4310-1162], Tinghög, Gustav [0000-0002-8159-1249], Torgler, Benno [0000-0002-9809-963X], Tucciarelli, Raffaele [0000-0002-0342-308X], Tyrala, Michael [0000-0001-5268-8319], Van Lange, Paul AM [0000-0001-7774-6984], van Prooijen, Jan-Willem [0000-0001-6236-0819], Västfjäll, Daniel [0000-0003-2873-4500], von Sikorski, Christian [0000-0002-3787-8277], Walker, Alexander Cameron [0000-0003-1431-6770], Watermeyer, Jennifer [0000-0001-7918-8832], Whillans, Ashley [0000-0002-1726-6978], Willardt, Robin [0000-0002-2495-3450], Wohl, Michael JA [0000-0001-6945-5562], Wójcik, Adrian Dominik [0000-0002-7073-6019], Wu, Kaidi [0000-0001-6881-7437], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yilmaz, Onurcan [0000-0002-6094-7162], Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa [0000-0002-0794-7702], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Kent [Canterbury], Middlesex University [London], Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), College of William and Mary [Williamsburg] (WM), Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Macquarie University, Stanford University, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], University of Greenwich, University of Oxford, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), De La Salle University [Manila] (DLSU), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Toronto, Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Kentucky (UK), National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Comenius University in Bratislava, IntraMed, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts [Skopje, North Macedonia] (MASA), University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Huelva, WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management, University Adolfo Ibanez (Santiago), University of Dhaka, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Universiteit Leiden, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Tribhuvan University, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], University of Limerick (UL), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Duke University [Durham], Karolinska Institute, University of Agder (UIA), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Monk Prayogshala, Cooperative University of Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Department of Management, Technology, and Economics [ETH Zürich] (D-MTEC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Medical University of Plovdiv, Indian Institute of Management Indore (IMM Indore), Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade, University of London [London], University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], National School of Political and Administrative Studies (SNSPA), University of Latvia (LU), Princeton University, University of Canterbury [Christchurch], University of Virginia, Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), Institute for Research and Development-Kurdistan, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], University of Melbourne, Penn State Abington, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), IMT Alti Studi Lucca, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tilburg University [Tilburg], Netspar, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Shenzhen University [Shenzhen], Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Cracow University of Economics, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Cavite State University-General Trias City Campus, School for Advanced Studies Lucca (IMT), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Australian National University (ANU), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Kieskompas, Hult International Business School Dubai, The University of Sydney, University of Bayreuth, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of Bradford, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Koç University, City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), University of Regensburg, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Free University of Berlin (FU), Linköping University (LIU), University of Koblenz-Landau, University of Alberta, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC), Aalto University, Macquarie University [Sydney], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Montana, Osaka University [Osaka], SEELE Neuroscience, University of Auckland [Auckland], Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), CUNY Graduate Center (The Graduate Center), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Medical University of Silesia (SUM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vidyasagar College For Women, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Mackenzie Presbyterian University [São Paulo] (UPM), University of Turku, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Groningen [Groningen], Carleton University, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania (SNSPA), University of Plovdiv, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), Partenaires INRAE, University College of London [London] (UCL), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Susquehanna University, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Kyushu University, Kadir Has University (KHAS), Van Bavel, Jay J. [0000-0002-2520-0442], Nezlek, John B. [0000-0003-4963-3637], Lockwood, Patricia L. [0000-0001-7195-9559], Elbaek, Christian T. [0000-0002-7039-4565], Ibanez, Agustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C. [0000-0003-4182-0550], Schmid, Petra C. [0000-0002-9990-5445], Tung, Hans H. [0000-0001-5332-7582], Antazo, Benedict G. [0000-0001-9993-8960], Bernal-Zárate, Maria P. [0000-0001-8232-6220], Booth, Jonathan E. [0000-0002-8563-4613], Davis, Victoria H. [0000-0002-7207-4629], Dayley, Pamala N. [0000-0001-8955-9502], Etienne, Tom W. [0000-0002-4299-6593], Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Griffin, Siobhán M. [0000-0002-3613-2844], Hudecek, Matthias F. C. [0000-0002-7696-766X], Jørgensen, Frederik J. [0000-0002-5461-912X], Metcalf, Alexander L. [0000-0001-9532-585X], Nitschke, Jonas P. [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S. [0000-0003-1787-5914], Sampaio, Waldir M. [0000-0002-6066-4314], Schultner, David T. [0000-0003-2253-4065], Stoica, Agustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Van Lange, Paul A. M. [0000-0001-7774-6984], Wohl, Michael J. A. [0000-0001-6945-5562], New York University, University of Kent, Middlesex University, Norwegian School of Economics, College of William and Mary, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, KU Leuven, Higher School of Economics, De La Salle University Manila, University of the Witwatersrand, Aarhus University, X University, Dartmouth College, University of Kentucky, National University of Sciences and Technology Pakistan, IntraMed, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Huelva, Otto Beisheim School of Management, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, University of Helsinki, University of Vienna, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Taiwan University, BI Norwegian Business School, University of Limerick, Western University, Karolinska Institutet, University of Agder, Lehigh University, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Universidad Javeriana, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Indian Institute of Management Indore, Institute of Social Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, University of Latvia, University of Canterbury, Duke University, Hebei University of Technology, University of Kurdistan, Impact For Development, Jose Rizal University, University of Birmingham, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Universidad del Rosario, Pennsylvania State University, University of Wrocław, IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, University of Florence, Birkbeck University of London, Toulouse Business School, Tilburg University, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universita di Bologna, University of Pavia, Shenzhen University, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino - Pavia, University of British Columbia, University of California Los Angeles, University of Rennes 2, University of Amsterdam, Université Clermont Auvergne, Cavite State University, Queensland University of Technology, Bogazici University, University of Sydney, University of Waterloo, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Koc University, City University of Hong Kong, Free University of Berlin, Linköping University, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Dublin City University, Osaka University, University of Auckland, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Australian National University, The University of Tokyo, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, University of Belgrade, University of Calcutta, AGH University of Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, University of Newcastle, University of St Andrews, University of Groningen, National School of Political and Administrative Studies, University College London, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Stockholm School of Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, University of California San Diego, Kadir Has University, Aalto-yliopisto, University of St Andrews. School of International Relations, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Van Bavel, J, Cichocka, A, Capraro, V, Sjastad, H, Nezlek, J, Pavlovic, T, Alfano, M, Gelfand, M, Azevedo, F, Birtel, M, Cislak, A, Lockwood, P, Ross, R, Abts, K, Agadullina, E, Aruta, J, Besharati, S, Bor, A, Choma, B, Crabtree, C, Cunningham, W, De, K, Ejaz, W, Elbaek, C, Findor, A, Flichtentrei, D, Franc, R, Gjoneska, B, Gruber, J, Gualda, E, Horiuchi, Y, Huynh, T, Ibanez, A, Imran, M, Israelashvili, J, Jasko, K, Kantorowicz, J, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E, Krouwel, A, Laakasuo, M, Lamm, C, Leygue, C, Lin, M, Mansoor, M, Marie, A, Mayiwar, L, Mazepus, H, Mchugh, C, Minda, J, Mitkidis, P, Olsson, A, Otterbring, T, Packer, D, Perry, A, Petersen, M, Puthillam, A, Riano-Moreno, J, Rothmund, T, Santamaria-Garcia, H, Schmid, P, Stoyanov, D, Tewari, S, Todosijevic, B, Tsakiris, M, Tung, H, Umbres, R, Vanags, E, Vlasceanu, M, Vonasch, A, Yucel, M, Zhang, Y, Abad, M, Adler, E, Akrawi, N, Mdarhri, H, Amara, H, Amodio, D, Antazo, B, Apps, M, Ay, F, Ba, M, Barbosa, S, Bastian, B, Berg, A, Bernal-Zarate, M, Bernstein, M, Bialek, M, Bilancini, E, Bogatyreva, N, Boncinelli, L, Booth, J, Borau, S, Buchel, O, Cameron, C, Carvalho, C, Celadin, T, Cerami, C, Chalise, H, Cheng, X, Cian, L, Cockcroft, K, Conway, J, Cordoba-Delgado, M, Crespi, C, Crouzevialle, M, Cutler, J, Cypryanska, M, Dabrowska, J, Daniels, M, Davis, V, Dayley, P, Delouvee, S, Denkovski, O, Dezecache, G, Dhaliwal, N, Diato, A, Di Paolo, R, Drosinou, M, Dulleck, U, Ekmanis, J, Ertan, A, Etienne, T, Farhana, H, Farkhari, F, Farmer, H, Fenwick, A, Fidanovski, K, Flew, T, Fraser, S, Frempong, R, Fugelsang, J, Gale, J, Garcia-Navarro, E, Garladinne, P, Ghajjou, O, Gkinopoulos, T, Gray, K, Griffin, S, Gronfeldt, B, Gumren, M, Gurung, R, Halperin, E, Harris, E, Herzon, V, Hruska, M, Huang, G, Hudecek, M, Isler, O, Jangard, S, Jorgensen, F, Kachanoff, F, Kahn, J, Dangol, A, Keudel, O, Koppel, L, Koverola, M, Kubin, E, Kunnari, A, Kutiyski, Y, Laguna, O, Leota, J, Lermer, E, Levy, J, Levy, N, Li, C, Long, E, Longoni, C, Maglic, M, Mccashin, D, Metcalf, A, Miklousic, I, El Mimouni, S, Miura, A, Molina-Paredes, J, Monroy-Fonseca, C, Morales-Marente, E, Moreau, D, Muda, R, Myer, A, Nash, K, Nesh-Nash, T, Nitschke, J, Nurse, M, Ohtsubo, Y, Oldemburgo de Mello, V, O'Madagain, C, Onderco, M, Palacios-Galvez, M, Palomaki, J, Pan, Y, Papp, Z, Parnamets, P, Paruzel-Czachura, M, Pavlovic, Z, Payan-Gomez, C, Perander, S, Pitman, M, Prasad, R, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rathje, S, Raza, A, Rego, G, Rhee, K, Robertson, C, Rodriguez-Pascual, I, Saikkonen, T, Salvador-Ginez, O, Sampaio, W, Santi, G, Santiago-Tovar, N, Savage, D, Scheffer, J, Schonegger, P, Schultner, D, Schutte, E, Scott, A, Sharma, M, Sharma, P, Skali, A, Stadelmann, D, Stafford, C, Stanojevic, D, Stefaniak, A, Sternisko, A, Stoica, A, Stoyanova, K, Strickland, B, Sundvall, J, Thomas, J, Tinghog, G, Torgler, B, Traast, I, Tucciarelli, R, Tyrala, M, Ungson, N, Uysal, M, Van Lange, P, van Prooijen, J, van Rooy, D, Vastfjall, D, Verkoeijen, P, Vieira, J, von Sikorski, C, Walker, A, Watermeyer, J, Wetter, E, Whillans, A, Willardt, R, Wohl, M, Wojcik, A, Wu, K, Yamada, Y, Yilmaz, O, Yogeeswaran, K, Ziemer, C, Zwaan, R, and Boggio, P
Subjects: IMAGE, Health Behavior, COVID-19, national identity, public health, pandemic, cross-cultural, Collective narcissism, Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica, health behavior, Sociology, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, public health behaviours, COVID-19, collective behaviour, Public health, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Social Identification, 706/689/477/2811, article, Social identity, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800, 5141 Sociology, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, National identity, Human, Cross-Cultural Comparison, BF Psychology, Science, COVID-19 pandemic, BF, national narcissism, HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, Humans, Leadership, Pandemics, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Social Conformity, Human development, 692/699/255/2514, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Human behaviour, political ideology, COLLECTIVE NARCISSISM, SOCIAL IDENTITY, MCC, Pandemic, IDENTIFICATION, DAS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Coronavirus, MODEL, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Viral infection, Idenfication, Image, RA Public aspects of medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Human medicine, RA, Model
Abstract: Funder: Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No 262675, Funder: J. William Fulbright Program, Funder: Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Funder: Economic Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Award, University of Oxford, Funder: Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Funder: Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002341, Funder: Universität Wien (University of Vienna); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003065, Funder: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004663, Funder: NOMIS Stiftung (NOMIS Foundation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008483, Funder: Princeton Graduate Student Research Funding (Program in Cognitive Science), Funder: Corruption Laboratory on Ethics, Accountability, and the Rule of Law (CLEAR), University of Virginia, Funder: Project Pro.Co.P.E., IMT School (PAI2019), Funder: Italian Ministry of University and Research - PRIN 2017 (20178293XT), Funder: Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Funder: Australian Research Council (DP180102384), Funder: Ernst and Young (EY); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003064, Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Published: 2022

47. Animal linguistics in the making: the Urgency Principle and titi monkeys’ alarm system

Author: Lara Narbona Sabaté, Geoffrey Mesbahi, Guillaume Dezecache, Cristiane Cäsar, Klaus Zuberbühler, Mélissa Berthet, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Vale S.A, School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institute of Biology of the University of Neuchâtel, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BF Psychology, BF, Computational linguistics, P Philology. Linguistics, Sequences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, computational linguistics, formal linguistics, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, MCC, vocalisations, 05 social sciences, DAS, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, AC, P1, Callicebus nigrifrons, sequences, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vocalisations, Formal linguistics
Abstract: This work received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013]/ERC grant agreement no. 283871 (PI: K. Zuberbühler), the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Neuchâtel, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP/2007-2013]/ERC Grant Agreement N°324115–FRONTSEM (PI: P. Schlenker), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. H2020 European Research Council 788077, Orisem, PI: P. Schlenker), from the Fyssen Foundation (post-doc grant) and from the Institut d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure − PSL Research University supported by grants ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 and FrontCog ANR-17-EURE-0017. We acknowledge the support received from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche of the French government through the program “Investissements d’Avenir” (16-IDEX-0001 CAP 20-25); FP7 Ideas: European Research Council [283871,324115]; Fondation Fyssen; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Université de Neuchâtel. The emergent field of animal linguistics applies linguistics tools to animal data in order to investigate potential linguistic-like properties of their communication. One of these tools is the "Urgency Principle", a pragmatic principle stating that in an alarm sequence, calls providing information about the nature or location of a threat must come before those that do not. This theoretical principle has helped understand the alarm system of putty-nosed monkeys, but whether it is relevant for animal communication systems more generally remains to be tested. Moreover, while animal communication systems can convey information via a large set of encoding mechanisms, the Urgency Principle was developed for only one encoding mechanism, call ordering. Here, we propose to extend this principle to other encoding mechanisms and empirically test this with the alarm call system of black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons). We investigated how information about the context of emission unfolded with the emission of successive calls. Specifically, we analysed how contextual parameters influenced the gradual sequential organization of the first 50 calls in the sequence, using methods borrowed from computational linguistics and random forest algorithms. We hypothesized that, if the extended Urgency Principle reflected the sequential organization of titi monkey alarm call sequences, mechanisms encoding urgent information about the predatory situation should appear before encoding mechanisms that do not. Results supported the hypothesis that mechanisms encoding for urgent information relating to a predator event consistently appeared before mechanisms encoding for less-urgent social information. Our study suggests that the extended Urgency Principle applies more generally to animal communication, demonstrating that conceptual tools from linguistics can successfully be used to study nonhuman communication systems. Postprint
Published: 2022
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48. Populismo epistemico o della tirannia del buon senso

Author: Origgi, Gloria, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Origgi, Gloria
Subjects: Post-truth, Social media, Epistemic populism, Technocracy, Common sense, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Epistemic Populism, or the Tyranny of Common Sense Post-truth politics recruits epistemic populists in order to spread in our contemporary societies. I will present a brief phenomenology of the «epistemic populist» by describing some of their fundamental attitudes, such as naïve realism, methodological individualism, monism, nostalgy, arrogance, etc., to highlight some of the features that make them appeal to the virtues of common sense against the technocratic élites. Then I discuss what common sense means and how it relates to the Greek notion of koiné, as a set of beliefs that are commonly held by an entire population. The epistemic populist reacts against a technocratic management of power that doesn't respect this koiné. Technocracy is of course highly problematic in democracies as it has been discussed at length by many philosophers and there are reasons for the epistemic populist to oppose its power. Nonetheless, the quest for a «pure» non-mediated relation to knowledge and power is naïve and is easily manipulable especially in the era of social media. The paper analyses the mixture of empowerment and frustration that social media elicit in the epistemic populist by stressing the shift from an ideal struggle for recognition on social media to a struggle for reputation, that is, for a measurable visibility on the Web through digital features such as likes and retweets. I conclude by a note on what can be done on social media in order to diminish that competition for reputation, and make the design of conversations more suitable for a democratic exchange of opinions that doesn't exacerbate the clash between the people and the élites.
Published: 2022

49. Shareability of Thought and Frege's Constraint: A Reply to Onofri

Author: Romain Bourdoncle, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Philosophy, Content, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Coreference, Health Policy, Communication, Philosophy of language, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Frege's Constraint, Frege cases, Relationism
Abstract: International audience; Onofri (2018) proposes an individuation criterion for thoughts that purports to satisfy both shareability (the notion that different thinkers, or a single thinker at different times, can and generally do think type-identical thoughts) and Frege's constraint (according to which two thoughts are different if it is possible for a rational subject to endorse one while rejecting the other). I argue that his proposal fails to satisfy Frege's constraint. Then I propose a modification to Onofri's proposal to fix the problem.
Published: 2022

50. Good and ought in argumentation: COVID-19 as a case study

Author: Andrés Soria-Ruiz, Mora Maldonado, Isidora Stojanovic, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Evaluative adjectives, Pragmatics, Value judgment, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Deontic modals, Normative judgment
Abstract: The present chapter concerns arguments whose conclusions take the form of a prescription such as you ought to do such-and-such, which have driven much public discussion and policy since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to tackle a hitherto under-explored characteristic of many such normative arguments, namely, the relationship between evaluative and deontic propositions, depending on whether they occur as premises or conclusions in such arguments. In order to investigate how willing people are to argue from what is good to what one ought to do, and the other way round, we conducted an Inferential Judgment Experiment. Participants were presented with arguments involving deontic and evaluative propositions, and had to judge whether they could infer conclusion from premise. The stimuli that we used are tightly related to the argumentation surrounding the pandemic, regarding the measures of preventing the spread of COVID-19. The results of the study show that there is a robust inferential connection between evaluatives and deontics, but at the same time, a significant asymmetry as well. We explore several theoretical approaches to the relationship between the deontic and the evaluative realm, and test their predictions against the results of our study.
Published: 2022

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