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164 results on '"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France)"'

1. Cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and evaluation in radical polymerization processes

Author

Maxime Michelas, Yasmine K. Redjel, Jean-Claude Daran, Meriem Benslimane, Rinaldo Poli, Christophe Fliedel, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale (CHEMS), Université frères Mentouri Constantine I (UMC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France), and ANR-19-CE07-0031,POLYSWITCH,Commutation de mécanisme de polymérisation par des complexes de coordination(2019)

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Amino-phenolate ligands, Radical polymerization, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Cobalt, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Acetato (OAc) complex, X-ray crystallography
Abstract

International audience; The synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II) (3, 4) and acetato cobalt(III) (5) complexes with two tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands (L1 and L2) are reported. The solid-state structures of proligand H2L1 and complexes 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 4 crystallizes as a dimer via the formation of a Co2O2 core. Complex 5 is monomeric with a six-coordinated cobalt(III) center bearing a chelating acetate ligand. In both structures, the diamino-bis(phenolate) ligand (L1 or L2) is acting as a tetradentate dianionic κ4-(O2,N2) chelating ligand. The diamagnetic nature of complex 5 allowed its characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Complex 5 is not a competent unimolecular initiator for the radical polymerization of methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. Its cobalt(II) analog (3) did not act as an efficient OMRP moderator for the radical polymerization of activated (styrene, tert-butyl acrylate) and non-activated (vinyl acetate) monomers.

Published
2023
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2. Constraining Martian Regolith and Vortex Parameters From Combined Seismic and Meteorological Measurements

Author

Aymeric Spiga, William B. Banerdt, Ralph D. Lorenz, Naomi Murdoch, C. Perrin, R. Widmer-Schnidrig, Sebastien Rodriguez, David Mimoun, Nicolas Compaire, Nicholas H. Warner, Philippe Lognonné, Raphaël F. Garcia, Don Banfield, Cornell University (USA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - IPGP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT (GERMANY), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Universität Karlsruhe (GERMANY), Universität Stuttgart (GERMANY), Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory - APL (USA), California Institute of Technology - Caltech (USA), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris (FRANCE), State University of New York - SUNY (USA), Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], State University of New York (SUNY), Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS), Cornell University [New York], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Subjects
Convection, Seismometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 01 natural sciences, Regolith, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, Autre, Mars atmosphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Dust devil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, InSight, Dust devils, Martian, Neurosciences, Mars Exploration Program, Geophysics, Vortices, Vortex, Barometer, Space and Planetary Science, Elastic, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The InSight mission landed on Mars in November 2018 and has since observed multiple convective vortices with both the high performance barometer and the low-noise seismometer SEIS that has unprecedented sensitivity. Here, we present a new method that uses the simultaneous pressure and seismic measurements of convective vortices to place constraints on the elastic properties of the Martian subsurface and the Martian vortex properties, while also allowing a reconstruction of the convective vortex trajectories. From data filtered in the (0.02–0.3 Hz) frequency band, we estimate that the mean value of η (η = E/[1 − ν2], where E is the Young's modulus and ν is the Poisson's ratio) of the Martian ground in the region around SEIS is 239 ± 140 MPa. In addition, we suggest that the previously reported paucity of vortex seismic observations to the west of InSight may be due to the fact that the ground is harder to the west than to the east, consistent with geomorphological surface interpretations.

Published
2021
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3. Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices

Author

Patrice Simon, Yury Gogotsi, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), IUF, A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute (Philadelphia, USA), Drexel University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Drexel University (USA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Computer science, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Batteries, law, General Materials Science, Porous materials, Electronics, Wearable technology, Electrode material, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Electric potential energy, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Engineering physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Capacitor, Mechanics of Materials, Manufacturing methods, 0210 nano-technology, business, MXenes
Abstract

International audience; Electrochemical capacitors can store electrical energy harvested from intermittent sources and deliver energy quickly, but their energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power flexible and wearable electronics, as well as larger equipment. This Review summarizes progress in the field of materials for electrochemical capacitors over the past decade as well as outlines key perspectives for future research. We describe electrical double-layer capacitors based on high-surface-area carbons, pseudocapacitive materials such as oxides and the two-dimensional inorganic compounds known as MXenes, and emerging microdevices for the Internet of Things. We show that new nanostructured electrode materials and matching electrolytes are required to maximize the amount of energy and speed of delivery, and different manufacturing methods will be needed to meet the requirements of the future generation of electronic devices. Scientifically justified metrics for testing, comparison and optimization of various kinds of electrochemical capacitors are provided and explained.

Published
2020
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4. A phase inversion benchmark for multiscale multiphase flows

Author

Estivalezes, J.-L., Aniszewski, W., Auguste, F., Ling, Y., Osmar, L., Caltagirone, J.-P., Chirco, L., Pedrono, A., Popinet, S., Berlemont, A., Magnaudet, J., Ménard, T., Vincent, S., Zaleski, S., Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], PRES Université de Toulouse-ONERA, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Baylor University, ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), Fluides Complexes et Instabilités Hydrodynamiques (IJLRDA-FCIH), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-11-MONU-0011,MODEMI,Modélisation et Simulation Multi-échelle des Interfaces(2011), Arts et métiers science et technologie Bordeaux (FRANCE), Bordeaux INP - BINP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen - INSA (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Gustave Eiffel (FRANCE), Université de Rouen - UR (FRANCE), Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne - UPEC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Baylor University - BU (USA), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Université Paris-Est Marne-La-Vallée - UPEM (FRANCE), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), and Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert - IJLRA (Paris, France)

Subjects
Water-oil flow, Mécanique des fluides, Volume of fluid, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Benchmark, Volume of Fluid method, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Multiphase flow benchmark, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Phase inversion, [MATH]Mathematics [math], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Volume of fluid method, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Level-set method, Phase inversion flow, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Level set, Atomization, Multiphase flows, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Level-Set method, Ghost fluid, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

A series of benchmarks based on the physical situation of "phase inversion" between two immiscible liquids is presented. These benchmarks aim at progressing toward the direct numerical simulation of two-phase flows. Several CFD codes developed in French laboratories and using either Volume-of-Fluid or Level-Set interface tracking methods are used to provide physical solutions of the benchmarks, convergence studies and code comparisons. Two typical configurations are retained, with integral scale Reynolds numbers of 13.700 and 433.000, respectively. The physics of the problem are probed through macroscopic quantities such as potential and kinetic energies, or enstrophy. In addition, scaling laws for the temporal decay of the kinetic energy are derived to check the physical relevance of the simulations. Finally the droplet size distribution is probed. Additional test problems are also reported to estimate the influence of viscous effects in the vicinity of the interface., 35 pages, 35 figures, third revision submitted to J. Comput. Phys

Published
2020
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5. MXenes as High-Rate Electrodes for Energy Storage

Author

Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Zifeng Lin, Hui Shao, Kui Xu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sichuan University - SCU (CHINA), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Nanjing Tech University (CHINA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Nanjing Tech University, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Materials science, Energy storage, Matériaux, Battery, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High rate, Supercapacitor, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 2D materials, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, MXenes, MXene, Electrochemical capacitors
Abstract

International audience; Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides/nitrides, namely MXenes, are gaining increasing interest in many research fields, including electrochemical energy storage. This short review article emphasizes some recent breakthroughs achieved in MXene chemistry and electrochemical performance when used as high-rate electrodes, especially in nonaqueous electrolytes. Lastly, the current limitations and future perspectives are highlighted.

Published
2020
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6. Nanoporous carbon for electrochemical capacitive energy storage

Author

Patrice Simon, Zifeng Lin, Yih-Chyng Wu, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Hui Shao, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Sichuan University - SCU (CHINA), IUF, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), and Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Carbone, Materials science, Matériaux, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Double layer (biology), Nanoporous, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Electrochimie, Nanopore, chemistry, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Stockage capactif, Energie
Abstract

International audience; The urgent need for efficient energy storage devices has stimulated a great deal of research on electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). This review aims at summarizing the recent progress in nanoporous carbons, as the most commonly used EDLC electrode materials in the field of capacitive energy storage, from the viewpoint of materials science and characterization techniques. We discuss the key advances in the fundamental understanding of the charge storage mechanism in nanoporous carbon-based electrodes, including the double layer formation in confined nanopores. Special attention will be also paid to the important development of advanced in situ analytical techniques as well as theoretical studies to better understand the carbon pore structure, electrolyte ion environment and ion fluxes in these confined pores. We also highlight the recent progress in advanced electrolytes for EDLCs. The better understanding of the charge storage mechanism of nanoporous carbon-based electrodes and the rational design of electrolytes should shed light on developing the next-generation of EDLCs.

Published
2020
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7. Temperature and nutrient effects on the relative importance of brown and green pathways for stream ecosystem functioning: A mesocosm approach

Author

Alice Gossiaux, Alexandre Bec, Pascal Poupin, Vincent Felten, Martin Laviale, Quentin Bachelet, François Guérold, Marc Rollin, Michael Danger, Eric Chauvet, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the French National Research Agency program FunctionalStream project (ANR-14-CE01-0009) to E.C. M.D. benefited from the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)., ANR-14-CE01-0009,FunctionalStreams,Discriminer l'impact des composantes du changement global sur les cours d'eau de tête de bassin(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Clermont Auvergne - UCA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Aquatic Science, top-down versus bottomup control, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, Mesocosm, Headwater streams, Nutrient, Ecosystem, Fatty acids, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Top-down versus bottom-up control, Biomass (ecology), Decomposition, Primary production, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, headwater streams, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In addition to global warming, aquatic ecosystems are currently facing multiple global changes among which include changes in nitrogen (N) loads. While several studies have investigated both temperature and N impacts on aquatic ecosystems independently, knowledge on their interactive effects remains scarce. In forested headwater streams, decomposition of leaf litter represents the main process ensuring the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels, followed by autochthonous primary production, mainly ensured by phototrophic biofilms. The main aim of this study was to disentangle the independent and combined effects of temperature increase and nutrient availability on the relative importance of brown and green processes involved in stream functioning. We hypothesised that water temperature and nutrients would lead to a general increase in leaf‐litter decomposition and primary production, but that the intensity of these effects would be largely modulated by competitive interactions arising between microorganisms as well as by the top‐down control of microorganisms by macro‐invertebrates. Macro‐invertebrates would, in turn, be bottom‐up controlled by microbial resources quality. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a 56‐day experiment in artificial streams containing leaf litter, microbial decomposers and biofilm inoculum, and an assemblage of macro‐invertebrates. Two water inorganic N:phosphorus (P) ratios (33 and 100, molar ratios) and two temperatures (ambient, +2°C) were manipulated, each treatment being replicated three times. Fungal and biofilm growth as well as leaf‐litter decomposition and primary production were quantified. Top‐down impacts of invertebrate primary consumers on brown and green compartments were evaluated using exclosures while bottom‐up control was evaluated through the measurement of resource stoichiometry and fatty acid profiles, as well as quantification of macro‐invertebrate growth and survival. Contrary to expectations, microbial decomposition was not significantly stimulated by nutrient or temperature manipulations, while primary production was only improved under ambient temperature. In the + 2°C treatment with high N:P, greater biofilm biomass was associated with lower fungal development, which indicates competition for nutrients in these conditions. Temperature increased macro‐invertebrate growth and leaf‐litter consumption, but this effect was independent of any improvement of basal resource quality, suggesting that temperature mediated changes in consumer metabolism and activity was the main mechanism involved. Most of our hypotheses that were based on simplified laboratory observations have been rejected in our semi‐controlled mesocosms. Our study suggests that the complexity of biological communities might greatly affect the response of ecosystems to multiple stressors, and that interactions between organisms must be explicitly taken into account when investigating the impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning.

Published
2020
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8. Fast reconstruction of atomic-scale STEM-EELS images from sparse sampling

Author

Etienne Monier, Xiaoyan Li, Thomas Oberlin, Nathalie Brun, Marcel Tencé, Nicolas Dobigeon, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de Physique des solides - LPS (Orsay, France)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 02 engineering and technology, partial acquisition, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traitement des images, Atomic-scale images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Microscopy, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, electron energy loss spectroscopy, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Sampling (statistics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Fast reconstruction, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], scanning transmission electron microscopy, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], fast reconstruction, Computation, atomic-scale images, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, Iterative reconstruction, Synthetic data, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Partial acquisition, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Spectrum-images, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Pattern recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Stem eels, spectrum-images, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; This paper discusses the reconstruction of partially sampled spectrum-images to accelerate the acquisition in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The problem of image reconstruction has been widely considered in the literature for many imaging modalities, but only a few attempts handled 3D data such as spectral images acquired by STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Besides, among the methods proposed in the microscopy literature, some are fast but inaccurate while others provide accurate reconstruction but at the price of a high computation burden. Thus none of the proposed reconstruction methods fulfills our expectations in terms of accuracy and computation complexity. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate reconstruction method suited for atomic-scale EELS. This method is compared to popular solutions such as beta process factor analysis (BPFA) which is used for the first time on STEM-EELS images. Experiments based on real as synthetic data will be conducted.

Published
2020
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9. Simulated JWST datasets for multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion

Author

Émilie Habart, Thomas Oberlin, Nicolas Dobigeon, Olivier Berné, Claire Guilloteau, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale - IAS (Paris, France), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Multispectral image, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Photodissociation regions, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Image fusion, Angular resolution, Computer vision, Multispectral imaging - Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, James Webb Space Telescope, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Process (computing), Hyperspectral imaging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Multispectral imaging -Hyperspectral imaging, Space and Planetary Science, Artificial intelligence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

International audience; The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide multispectral and hyperspectral infrared images of a large number of astrophysical scenes. Multispectral images will have the highest angular resolution, while hyperspectral images (e.g., with integral field unit spectrometers) will provide the best spectral resolution. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive framework to generate an astrophysical scene and to simulate realistic hyperspectral and multispectral data acquired by two JWST instruments, namely, NIRCam Imager and NIRSpec IFU. We want to show that this simulation framework can be resorted to assess the benefits of fusing these images to recover an image of high spatial and spectral resolutions. To do so, we make a synthetic scene associated with a canonical infrared source, the Orion Bar. We develop forward models including corresponding noises for the two JWST instruments based on their physical features. JWST observations are then simulated by applying the forward models to the aforementioned synthetic scene. We test a dedicated fusion algorithm we developed on these simulated observations. We show that the fusion process reconstructs the high spatio-spectral resolution scene with a good accuracy on most areas, and we identify some limitations of the method to be tackled in future works. The synthetic scene and observations presented in the paper can be used, for instance, to evaluate instrument models, pipelines, or more sophisticated algorithms dedicated to JWST data analysis. Besides, fusion methods such as the one presented in this paper are shown to be promising tools to fully exploit the unprecedented capabilities of the JWST.

Published
2020
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10. Understanding ageing mechanisms of porous carbons in non-aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitors applications

Author

Camelia Matei Ghimbeu, Yinghui Liu, Benoît Soucaze-Guillous, Bénédicte Réty, Patrice Simon, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Technocentre Renault [Guyancourt], RENAULT, Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université de Strasbourg - UNISTRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Renault SAS (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), univOAK, Archive ouverte, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )

Subjects
Energie électrique, Activated carbon oxidation, Temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry technique, Matériaux, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oligomer, Catalysis, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Desorption, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Acetonitrile, Supercapacitor ageing, Supercapacitor, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surface oxygen functional group, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Two activated porous carbon powders with different surface functional groups content have been electrochemically polarized in tetraethylammonium tetrafluoborate (Et4NBF4) in acetonitrile electrolyte to study their ageing mechanism as supercapacitor electrodes. Temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry technique (TPD-MS) is used to track the change of carbon surface chemistry – surface functional groups and/or adsorption of degradation products occurring upon polarizations. A potentiostatic study of the carbons in a two-compartment cell unveil the catalytic role of water in the ageing mechanism. Combining these results with our previous work, we propose different scenarios to depict the ageing mechanisms of the two carbons. For carbon A, hydrolysis of BF4− at the positive electrode leads to carbon oxidation together with soluble poly-acetonitrile oligomer occurred from reaction between BF4• radicals and acetonitrile. Ageing mechanism is also assumed to set off with the hydrolysis of BF4− for carbon B; but, in here the formed oligomers react with acid functional groups present at the carbon surface to form a protective, passive-like layer at both positive and negative electrodes which hampers a further electrode ageing.

Published
2019
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11. Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with additional chelating group(s) applied to homogeneous metal-mediated asymmetric catalysis

Author

Rinaldo Poli, Eric Manoury, Christophe Fliedel, Agnès Labande, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France)

Subjects
Steric effects, Denticity, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Ligand, Chiral ligands, Enantioselective synthesis, N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC), Thio, Transition metals, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorial chemistry, Polyfunctional ligands, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Asymmetric catalysis, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chirality (chemistry), Carbene, Phosphine
Abstract

International audience; Since their early development, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and their related metal complexes have attracted much attention, due to their high performances in many catalytic processes. Structural variations on the heterocycle allowed to fine tune their steric and electronic properties. Introduction of one (or more) additional donor group(s) on the N-side arm(s) opened the possibility to transform classical monodentate NHCs into bi- or tridentate ligands with different metal-donor affinities for binding. The additional donor may be a neutral donor, e.g. phosphine, (thio)ether, or anionic, e.g. alkoxide, offering a myriad of possibilities for the resulting polyfunctional NHC ligands. Another development of importance in the field of the NHC chemistry was the introduction of chirality, which can be either 1) central, located on an N-side arm and/or on the ligand backbone, 2) axial or 3) planar, opening the door to the application of NHC metal complexes to asymmetric catalysis. The present review summarizes the examples of chiral NHC ligands, functionalized by an additional donor group, which were successfully applied to metal-mediated asymmetric catalysis. When possible, the beneficial (or detrimental) effect of the NHC-functionalization will be discussed, along with the influence of the nature of the additional function, e.g. –OH vs. –OMe.

Published
2019
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12. Text mining assisted review of the literature on Li-O 2 batteries

Author

Clare P. Grey, Céline Merlet, Alejandro A. Franco, Pieter C. M. M. Magusin, Amangeldi Torayev, Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI (ALISTORE-ERI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE (Amiens, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Key articles, Energie électrique, Bibliometric analysis, Text mining, Process (engineering), Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, Scientific field, text mining, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Machine learning, General Materials Science, Chemistry (relationship), business.industry, Lithium oxygen batteries, Sign (semiotics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Data science, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, lithium oxygen batteries, machine learning, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The high theoretical capacity of Li-O2 batteries attracts a lot of attention and this field has expanded significantly in the last two decades. In a more general way, the large number of articles being published daily makes it difficult for researchers to keep track of the progress in science. Here we develop a text mining program in an attempt to facilitate the process of reviewing the literature published in a scientific field and apply it to Li-O2 batteries. We analyze over 1800 articles and use the text mining program to extract reported discharge capacities, for the first time, which allows us to show the clear progress made in recent years. In this paper, we focus on three main challenges of Li-O2 batteries, namely the stability-cyclability, the low practical capacity and the rate capability. Indeed, according to our text mining program, articles dealing with these issues represent 86% of the literature published in the field. For each topic, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the literature before focusing on a few key articles which allow us to get insights into the physics and chemistry of such systems. We believe that text mining can help readers find breakthrough papers in a field (e.g. by identifying papers reporting much higher performances) and follow the developments made at the state of the art (e.g. by showing trends in the numbers of papers published—a decline in a given topic probably being the sign of limitations). With the progress of text mining algorithms in the future, the process of reviewing a scientific field is likely to become more and more automated, making it easier for researchers to get the ‘big picture’ in an unfamiliar scientific field.

Published
2019
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13. Acetylacetonato cobalt(III) and iron(III) complexes of picolylamine- and aminopropylamine-bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures

Author

Lucas Thevenin, Rinaldo Poli, Christophe Fliedel, Yasmine Kheira Redjel, Meriem Benslimane, Jean-Claude Daran, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale (CHEMS), Université Mentouri Constantine [Algérie] (UMC), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France), ANR-14-CE07-0012,FLUPOL,Meilleurs polymères fluorés par la polymérisation radicalaire par voie organométallique(2014), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université frères Mentouri Constantine I (UMC)

Subjects
Steric effects, Coordination sphere, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Ligand, Amino-phenolate ligands, Iron, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Cobalt, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, Octahedron, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Molecule, Acetylacetonato (acac) complexes, Chelation, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, X-ray crystallography
Abstract

International audience; The reaction between [M(acac)3] (M = Fe, Co, acac = acetylacetonate) and the diamino-bis(phenol) pro-ligands (2-OH-3,5-tBu2-C6H2CH2)2NCH2(2-NC5H4) (H21) and (2-OH-5-tBu-C6H3CH2)2NCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2 (H22) afforded the [κ4-(N2,O2)M(acac)] complexes [Fe(1)(acac)] (3), [Fe(2)(acac)] (4), [Co(1)(acac)] (5) and [Co(2)(acac)] (6) in moderate yields after crystallization. The proposed formulas were supported by various analytical data (ESI-MS, FT-IR, EA, NMR), and the molecular structure of all complexes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. In each octahedral complex, the diamino-bis(phenolate) ligand (1 or 2) acts as a tetradentate ligand and the coordination sphere is completed by one chelating κ2-O2 acac ligand. Although the previously reported ligand 1 and the new ligand 2 are very similar, their coordination to the FeIII(acac) or CoIII(acac) moieties varies by the arrangement of the donor atoms. While the Ophenolate donor atoms of ligand 1 were found cis to each other in the FeIII complex 3, they are trans in the CoIII complex 5, and vice versa for ligand 2. Since each ligand, 1 and 2, exhibits both configuration, this structural curiosity cannot be easily explained on the basis of steric factors, i.e. ortho-substituents or N,N′-linker length.

Published
2019
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14. On the importance of Incorporating Explicit 3D-Resolved Electrode Mesostructures in Li–O2 Battery Models

Author

Clare P. Grey, Amangeldi Torayev, Alejandro A. Franco, Céline Merlet, Pieter C. M. M. Magusin, Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI (ALISTORE-ERI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), ALISTORE-ERI (FRANCE), Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie - RS2E (Amiens, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Materials science, Matériaux, 020209 energy, Pore Network Model, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Energy storage, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, Li-O2 battery, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Representation (mathematics), Pore size distributions, Network model, Continuum model, Continuum (topology), Mechanics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Pore interconnectivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cathode, Li2O2 growth mechanism, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Lithium-oxygen batteries are attractive for reversible energy storage because of their theoretically high capacities. Practically, high capacities are challenging to achieve due to key issues such as the transport and growth of the Li2O2 discharge product. Numerous carbon-based cathode mesostructures have been studied experimentally and computationally aiming to reach higher capacities. One-dimensional continuum models are widely used to study the discharge capacities of electrode mesostructures. Here, we investigate the capabilities and shortcomings of such models to represent different electrode mesostructures, Li2O2 growth mechanisms, and their impact on the discharge performance by comparing them to pore network models which consider an explicit representation of the three-dimensional pore mesostructure. The continuum model can accurately predict discharge capacities when the discharge products grow through surface mechanism, but fails to provide reasonable results when this growth includes a solution mechanism. Conversely, the pore network model results are in agreement with experiments. We attribute the better accuracy of the pore network model to a more accurate representation of the electrode mesostructures, particularly the explicit consideration of the pore interconnectivity. The pore network model allows us to reconcile, within a single theoretical framework, the scattered correlations between discharge capacity and electrode mesostructure descriptors reported in the literature.

Published
2018
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15. Advanced analytical techniques to characterize materials for electrochemical capacitors

Author

Zifeng Lin, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Materials science, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Quartz crystal microbalance, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Capacitor, Adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Chemical engineering, law, Desorption, Electrochemistry, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract

International audience; This review covers recent developments in advanced analytical techniques to characterize materials for electrochemical capacitors. For double layer capacitors, examples of the use of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pulsed electrochemical mass spectrometry (PEMS) technique, temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS) technique, in situ NMR spectroscopy, and in situ dilatometry measurement are presented, for studying carbon/electrolyte interface with a focus onto electrolyte ions confinement in nanopores and changes during ageing. For the pseudocapacitive system, in situ X-ray (neutron) diffraction or scattering, in situ dilatometry technique, cavity micro-electrode, in situ Raman spectroscopy, TPD-MS technique, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique have been employed for studying materials structure, electrochemical kinetic, interface interaction, and ions adsorption/desorption. These advanced analytical techniques probe insight into charge storage mechanisms, and guiding the fast development of supercapacitors.

Published
2018
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16. Systematic conservation planning for intraspecific genetic diversity

Author

Ivan Paz-Vinas, Gaël Grenouillet, Géraldine Loot, Virgilio Hermoso, Nicolas Poulet, Charlotte Veyssière, Simon Blanchet, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), French Biodiversity Agency, pôle écohydraulique, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya - CTFC (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse (FRANCE), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Conservation genetics, Dendritic networks, Conservation of Natural Resources, Mécanique des fluides, Spatial biodiversity patterns, Conservation, Biodiversity conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, Ecosystem diversity, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Microsatellites, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Ecology, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Squalius, Fishes, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Multi-specific, Phoxinus, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, conservation genetics, Barbatula, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Species richness, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Intraspecific diversity informs the demographic and evolutionary histories of populations, and should be a main conservation target. Although approaches exist for identifying relevant biological conservation units, attempts to identify priority conservation areas for intraspecific diversity are scarce, especially within a multi-specific framework. We used neutral molecular data on six European freshwater fish species (Squalius cephalus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Barbatula barbatula, Gobio occitaniae, Leuciscus burdigalensis and Parachondrostoma toxostoma) sampled at the riverscape scale (i.e. the Garonne-Dordogne River basin, France) to determine hot- and cold-spots of genetic diversity, and to identify priority conservation areas using a systematic conservation planning approach. We demonstrate that systematic conservation planning is efficient for identifying priority areas representing a predefined part of the total genetic diversity of a whole landscape. With the exception of private allelic richness, classical genetic diversity indices (allelic richness, genetic uniqueness) were poor predictors for identifying priority areas. Moreover, we identified weak surrogacies among conservation solutions found for each species, implying that conservation solutions are highly species-specific. Nonetheless, we showed that priority areas identified using intraspecific genetic data from multiple species provide more effective conservation solutions than areas identified for single species or on the basis of traditional taxonomic criteria.

Published
2018
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17. Stochasticity of Pores Interconnectivity in Li–O 2 Batteries and its Impact on the Variations in Electrochemical Performance

Author

Clare P. Grey, Alexis Rucci, Amangeldi Torayev, Arnaud Demortière, Pieter C. M. M. Magusin, Vincent De Andrade, Céline Merlet, Alejandro A. Franco, Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI (ALISTORE-ERI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Argonne National Laboratory - ANL (USA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie - RS2E (Amiens, France), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energie électrique, Materials science, Matériaux, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Overpotential, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, Interconnectivity, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Network model, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Chemical physics, Electrode, Lithium, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract

International audience; While large dispersions in electrochemical performance have been reported for lithium oxygen batteries in the literature, they have not been investigated in any depth. The variability in the results is often assumed to arise from differences in cell design, electrode structure, handling and cell preparation at different times. An accurate theoretical framework turns out to be needed to get a better insight into the mechanisms underneath and to interpret experimental results. Here, we develop and use a pore network model to simulate the electrochemical performance of three-dimensionally resolved lithium−oxygen cathode mesostructures obtained from TXM nanocomputed tomography. We apply this model to the 3D reconstructed object of a Super P carbon electrode and calculate discharge curves, using identical conditions, for four different zones in the electrode and their reversed configurations. The resulting galvanostatic discharge curves show some dispersion, (both in terms of capacity and overpotential) which we attribute to the way pores are connected with each other. Based on these results, we propose that the stochastic nature of pores interconnectivity and the microscopic arrangement of pores can lead, at least partially, to the variations in electrochemical results observed experimentally.

Published
2018
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18. Hierarchical Bayesian image analysis: from low-level modeling to robust supervised learning

Author

Adrien Lagrange, Nicolas Dobigeon, Stéphane May, Mathieu Fauvel, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications (IRIT - ENSEEIHT), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-ENSEEIHT, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Lagrange, Adrien, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bayesian probability, Feature extraction, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning (stat.ML), 02 engineering and technology, Latent variable, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, supervised learning, Analyse numérique, Traitement des images, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Statistics - Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010306 general physics, Cluster analysis, Markov random field, business.industry, Dimensionality reduction, Supervised learning, Pattern recognition, image interpretation, Markov Random Field, Informatique, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Image interpretation, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Bayesian model, Signal Processing, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Classifier (UML), Software
Abstract

International audience; Within a supervised classification framework, labeled data are used to learn classifier parameters. Prior to that, it is generally required to perform dimensionality reduction via feature extraction. These preprocessing steps have motivated numerous research works aiming at recovering latent variables in an unsupervised context. This paper proposes a unified framework to perform classification and low-level modeling jointly. The main objective is to use the estimated latent variables as features for classification and to incorporate simultaneously supervised information to help latent variable extraction. The proposed hierarchical Bayesian model is divided into three stages: a first low-level modeling stage to estimate latent variables, a second stage clustering these features into statistically homogeneous groups and a last classification stage exploiting the (possibly badly) labeled data. Performance of the model is assessed in the specific context of hyperspectral image interpretation, unifying two standard analysis techniques, namely unmixing and classification.

Published
2017
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19. Electrochemical double layer capacitors: What is next beyond the corner?

Author

Zifeng Lin, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Materials science, Matériaux, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Microporous material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Capacitance, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Porous carbon, chemistry, Electrode, Electrochemistry, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Electrochemical double layer capacitor, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; This review summarizes some recent developments achieved in the fundamental understanding of ion confinement in microporous carbon supercapacitor electrodes. Combined with computational simulations, these advanced techniques provided new insights into the charge storage mechanism, providing guidelines for designing improved porous carbon structures with high-energy density. Also, innovative electrolytes have recently been proposed by introducing some redox-active moieties into electrolyte anions/cations, called biredox electrolytes, that combines redox contribution to double capacitance. This approach opens up new opportunities to develop high-energy supercapacitors and a new field of biredox electrolytes

Published
2017
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20. Core phosphine-functionalized amphiphilic nanogels as catalytic nanoreactors for aqueous biphasic hydroformylation

Author

Laurie Barthe, Xuewei Zhang, Franck D'Agosto, Jean-François Blanco, Florence Gayet, Emeline Lobry, Andrés F. Cardozo, Carine Julcour, Henri Delmas, Eric Manoury, Rinaldo Poli, Si Chen, Muriel Lansalot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique et Electronique de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Latex, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoreactor, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Micelle, Catalysis, Rhodium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nanogel, Polymer chemistry, Génie chimique, Catalytic nanoreactor, Aqueous biphasic catalysis, Macro phosphine ligands, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Aqueous solution, 010405 organic chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Polymerization, Hydroformylation, Phosphine
Abstract

International audience; Amphiphilic phosphine-functionalized nanogel particles were synthesized by aqueous polymerization induced self-assembly insuring a well-defined architecture as well as a narrow size distribution (average diameter of ca. 90 nm in water). They were successfully applied as ligands for the biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene catalyzed by rhodium, yielding TOFs in the 350–650 h-1 range and a linear to branched aldehyde ratio of 3.5. Embedding the phosphine ligands within a cross-linked structure did not strongly impede mass transfer toward the active centers, as proved by fast metal coordination and a catalytic activity tantamount to that of higher chain mobility micelles or core-cross-linked micelles that have phosphine moieties located on flexible linear arms. However, this extended cross-linking reduced particle swelling and transfer to the organic phase, affording a significantly lowered Rh loss. For all the architectures, a low functionalization degree was preferable to achieve high activity, the selectivity remaining essentially unchanged.

Published
2016
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21. Materials for electrochemical capacitors

Author

Yury Gogotsi, Patrice Simon, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Drexel University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Drexel University (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Matériaux, Nanotechnology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Carbon nanotube, 7. Clean energy, Capacitance, Energy storage, Pseudocapacitance, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law.invention, Hardware_GENERAL, law, Supercapacitors, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, General Materials Science, Electrochemical capacitor, Supercapacitor, Mechanical Engineering, Hybrid capacitor, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Capacitor, Mechanics of Materials, Electrode, Pseudocapacitor, Electrochemical capacitors
Abstract

International audience; Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors, store energy using either ion adsorption (electrochemical double layer capacitors) or fast surface redox reactions (pseudo-capacitors). They can complement or replace batteries in electrical energy storage and harvesting applications, when high power delivery or uptake is needed. A notable improvement in performance has been achieved through recent advances in understanding charge storage mechanisms and the development of advanced nanostructured materials. The discovery that ion desolvation occurs in pores smaller than the solvated ions has led to higher capacitance for electrochemical double layer capacitors using carbon electrodes with subnanometre pores, and opened the door to designing high-energy density devices using a variety of electrolytes. Combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries. The use of carbon nanotubes has further advanced micro-electrochemical capacitors, enabling flexible and adaptable devices to be made. Mathematical modelling and simulation will be the key to success in designing tomorrow’s high-energy and high-power devices.

Published
2008
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22. Aqueous phase homogeneous catalysis using core–shell nanoreactors: Application to rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene

Author

Jean-François Blanco, Andrés F. Cardozo, Laurie Barthe, Franck D'Agosto, Florence Gayet, Bernadette Charleux, Carine Julcour, Xuewei Zhang, Si Chen, Eric Manoury, Henri Delmas, Muriel Lansalot, Rinaldo Poli, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique et Electronique de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Homogeneous catalysis, Nanoreactor, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Micelle, Catalysis, Rhodium, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Génie chimique, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Génie des procédés, Cross-linked micelle, Aqueous solution, Core–shell polymer, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Aqueous two-phase system, 0104 chemical sciences, Hydroformylation, Biphasic catalysis, Catalyst immobilization
Abstract

International audience; High catalytic activity (TurnOver Frequencies up to 700 h-1) was achieved using new triphenylphosphine-functionalized core cross-linked micelles, TPP@CCM, as nanoreactors and [Rh(CO)2(acac)] as catalyst precursor for the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene. While the hydrophobic core of the polymer offers an adequate environment for the catalytic reaction, its hydrophilic shell confines the catalyst into the aqueous phase and prevents extensive leaching towards the substrate/product phase. Selectivity is better than that of the homogeneous reaction catalyzed by the Rh/PPh3 system, with minor isomerization and linear to branched aldehyde ratios (l/b) between 3 and 6. Various operating parameters, such as catalyst/ligand concentration, temperature and P/Rh ratio, were varied and proved that these nanoreactors do not suffer from significant mass transfer limitations. The effect of the nanoreactor hydrophobic core size and degree of functionalization on activity and on l/b regioselectivity has also been investigated. The possible causes of catalyst leaching are discussed.

Published
2015
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23. Spectroscopic characterisation of hydroxyapatite and nanocrystalline apatite with grafted aminopropyltriethoxysilane: nature of silane–surface interaction

Author

Audric Michelot, Eric Manoury, Rinaldo Poli, Christian Rey, Stéphanie Sarda, Catherine Audin, Eric Deydier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Materials science, Silylation, Inorganic chemistry, Organic chemistry, Homogeneous catalysis, 02 engineering and technology, Catalyse, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Apatite, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Surface reactivity, General Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grafting, Silane, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Covalent bond, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Heterogenised homogeneous catalysis is commonly performed with molecular catalysts grafted on solids via adsorption or via a covalent molecular link. Covalent grafting of organic groups on solid supports is usually carried out by silylation, using functionalised trialkoxysilanes. Among these solids supports, very few studies have been published on apatites. In the present work,aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafting was performed in toluene on different apatitic supports: crystallised stoichiometric hydroxyapatites differing by the drying method, freeze-dried (HAP) and dried at 100 °C (HAPD), and a nanocrystalline apatite. All materials were fully characterised, before and after grafting, for better understanding of the nature of the alkoxysilane/surface interaction. The data show a clear competition between the covalent grafting of APTES and its polycondensation reaction, depending on the nature of the solid support surface. Silylation is accompanied by APTES covalent grafting to oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of the apatitic structure and/or of the OH− species that are present on the surface hydrated layer. This work clarifies the nature of silane grafting onto selected apatitic surfaces and especially the influence of the composition and properties of the apatitic surfaces on the process of silylation.

Published
2015
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24. Amphiphilic core-cross-linked micelles functionalized with bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylphosphine as catalytic nanoreactors for biphasic hydroformylation

Author

Carine Julcour, Florence Gayet, Laurie Barthe, Franck D'Agosto, Eric Manoury, Henri Delmas, Andrés F. Cardozo, Muriel Lansalot, Si Chen, Jean-François Blanco, Rinaldo Poli, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique et Electronique de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Biphasic hydroformylation catalysis, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Ethylene oxide, Organic Chemistry, Radical polymerization, Chain transfer, Degree of polymerization, Styrene, Polymères, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Core-cross-linked micelle (CCM), Phenylphosphine, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Catalytic nanoreactor, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Ethylene glycol, Hydroformylation
Abstract

International audience; Core-cross-linked micelles (CCM) functionalized at the core with covalently linked bis(p-methoxyphenyl) phenylphosphine (BMOPPP) ligands have been synthesized by a three-step one-pot radical polymerization in emulsion, using the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) strategy and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) as the controlling method. The CCM are obtained by chain extending in water poly(methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (P(MAA-co-PEOMA), degree of polymerization of 30, MAA/PEOMA units molar ratio of 50:50) synthesized in a first step by RAFT with a 95:5 M mixture of styrene and 4-[bis(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphino]styrene (BMOPPS) units. The resulting micelles exhibiting a core composed of P(S-co-BMOPPS) segments with a degree of polymerization of 300 are then crosslinked in a third step with a mixture of di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and styrene. The resulting BMOPPP@CCM exhibit a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.16) with an average diameter of 81 nm in water and swell in THF or by addition of toluene to the latex. The addition of [Rh(acac) (CO)2] to the toluene-swollen latex results in metal coordination to the phosphine ligands. 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy shows that the Rh centers undergo rapid intraparticle phosphine ligand exchange. Application of these nanoreactors to the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene shows excellent activity and moderate catalyst leaching.

Published
2015
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25. Software consolidation as an efficient energy and cost saving solution for a SaaS/PaaS cloud model

Author

Bruno Diot, Alain Tchana, Ibrahim Safieddine, Daniel Hagimont, Noel De Palma, Nicolas Vuillerme, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Informatique de sécurité (FRANCE), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 - UJF (FRANCE), Laboratoire Andrologie, Gérontechnologie, Inflammation, Modélisation - AGIM (Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France), Système d’exploitation, systèmes répartis, de l’intergiciel à l’architecture (IRIT-SEPIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Informatique de Sécurité (IDS S.A.), entreprise, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer science, Distributed computing, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, Cloud computing, computer.software_genre, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Software, Architectures Matérielles, Virtualization, Energy saving, business.industry, Software as a service, Systèmes embarqués, Virtual machine, Operating system, Benchmark (computing), [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], business, computer, Cloud, Consolidation, Efficient energy use, Live migration
Abstract

International audience; Virtual machines (VM) are used in cloud computing environments to isolate different software. Virtualization enables live migration, and thus dynamic VM consolidation. This possibility can be used to reduce power consumption in the cloud. However, consolidation in cloud environments is limited due to reliance on VMs, mainly due to their memory overhead. For instance, over a 4-month period in a real cloud located in Grenoble (France), we observed that 805 VMs used less than 12 % of the CPU (of the active physical machines). This paper presents a solution introducing dynamic software consolidation. Software consolidation makes it possible to dynamically collocate several software applications on the same VM to reduce the number of VMs used. This approach can be combined with VM consolidation which collocates multiple VMs on a reduced number of physical machines. Software consolidation can be used in a private cloud to reduce power consumption, or by a client of a public cloud to reduce the number of VMs used, thus reducing costs. The evaluation was performed using both the SPECjms2007 benchmark and an enterprise LAMP benchmark on both a VMware private cloud and Amazon EC2 public cloud. The results show that our approach can reduce the energy consumed in our private cloud by about 40 % and the charge for VMs on Amazon EC2 by about 40.5 %.

Published
2015

26. Core-shell nanoreactors for efficient aqueous biphasic catalysis

Author

Eric Manoury, Muriel Lansalot, Wenjing Zhang, Henri Delmas, Si Chen, Florence Gayet, Jean-François Blanco, Carine Julcour, Andrés F. Cardozo, Franck D'Agosto, Rinaldo Poli, Xuewei Zhang, Bernadette Charleux, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique et Electronique de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Micelle, Catalysis, Styrene, Polymerization, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Génie chimique, Rhodium, Ethylene oxide, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Diethylene glycol, Chain transfer, General Chemistry, Self-assembly, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Chimie de coordination, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Methacrylic acid, Hydroformylation, Biphasic catalysis
Abstract

International audience; Water-borne phosphine-functionalized core-cross-linked micelles (CCM) consisting of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell were obtained as stable latexes by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in water in a one-pot, three-step process. Initial homogeneous aqueous-phase copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (PEOMA) is followed by copolymerization of styrene (S) and 4-diphenylphosphinostyrene (DPPS), yielding P(MAA-co-PEOMA)-b-P(S-co-DPPS) amphiphilic block copolymer micelles (M) by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), and final micellar cross-linking with a mixture of S and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The CCM were characterized by dynamic light scattering and NMR spectroscopy to evaluate size, dispersity, stability, and the swelling ability of various organic substrates. Coordination of [Rh(acac)(CO)2 ] (acac=acetylacetonate) to the core-confined phosphine groups was rapid and quantitative. The CCM and M latexes were then used, in combination with [Rh(acac)(CO)2 ], to catalyze the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene, in which they showed high activity, recyclability, protection of the activated Rh center by the polymer scaffold, and low Rh leaching. The CCM latex gave slightly lower catalytic activity but significantly less Rh leaching than the M latex. A control experiment conducted in the presence of the sulfoxantphos ligand pointed to the action of the CCM as catalytic nanoreactors with substrate and product transport into and out of the polymer core, rather than as a surfactant in interfacial catalysis.

Published
2014
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27. Preparation of phosphine-functionalized polystyrene stars by metal catalyzed controlled radical copolymerization and their application to hydroformylation catalysis

Author

Eric Manoury, Florence Gayet, Henri Delmas, Carine Julcour, Jean-François Blanco, Andrés F. Cardozo, Rinaldo Poli, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Free Radicals, Phosphines, chemistry.chemical_element, ATRP, Star polymers, Alkenes, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Rhodium, Styrene, Polymerization, Inorganic Chemistry, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, chemistry.chemical_classification, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Polymer, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Chimie organique, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Hydroformylation, Polystyrenes, Phosphine, Copper
Abstract

1477-9226; Well defined star copolymers have been prepared by copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and styryldiphenylphosphine starting from a modified Boltorn[trade mark sign] H30 multifunctional initiator. These polymers and an analogue obtained by debromination of the arm ends with nBu3SnH have been used in combination with [Rh(acac)(CO)2] for the homogeneous phase hydroformylation of 1-octene.

Published
2013
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28. Preparation of polymer supported phosphine ligands by metal catalyzed living radical copolymerization and their application to hydroformylation catalysis

Author

Rinaldo Poli, Henri Delmas, Andrés F. Cardozo, Carine Julcour, Jean-François Blanco, Eric Manoury, Florence Gayet, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Dispersity, 010402 general chemistry, Mole fraction, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Polymerization, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Rhodium, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Controlled polymerization, Radicals, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Phosphane ligands, Polymères, 0104 chemical sciences, Monomer, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Hydroformylation, Phosphine
Abstract

1867-3899; A series of well-defined polystyrene-supported tertiary phosphine ligands were prepared by copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), involving direct copolymerization of styrene and 4-diphenylphosphinostyrene (or 4-styryldiphenylphosphine, SDPP). Copolymerization of the two monomers at different molar ratios showed a decreasing level of control as the SDPP molar fraction (fSDPP) increased. A satisfactory level of control was achieved for fSDPP≤0.25 such that there was a constant concentration of growing "living chains", and linear Mn growth with conversion and low dispersity. Copper-free polymers with different chain lengths were prepared and tested as polymeric ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene. The polymeric ligands yielded higher linear/branched selectivity and lower activity relative to PPh3 at the same P/Rh ratio. The selectivity increased slightly as a function of the polymer chain length.

Published
2013
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29. Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota

Author

Claire Cenac, Pierre Monsan, Aurélie Waget, Pascale Klopp, Philippe Valet, Jacques Amar, Jason S. Iacovoni, Jérôme Mariette, Rémy Burcelin, Mathieu Bergé, Jérôme Lluch, Audrey Baylac, Anne Bouloumié, Sandra Grès, Christophe Klopp, Françoise Ouarné, Christine Roques, Olivier Bouchez, Vassilia Theodorou, Matteo Serino, Elodie Luche, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Adhésion Bacterienne et Formation de Biofilms, PRES Université de Toulouse, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plateforme Bio-informatique Toulouse Genopole®, UBIA INRA, Toulouse Genopole, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CRITT Bio-Industrie, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Service de Médecine Interne et Hypertension Artérielle [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], his work was supported by grants from Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) to RB and collaborators (ANR-Florinflam and Transflora), in part, by the European Commission's Seventh Framework programme under grant agreement No 241913 (FLORINASH) to RB and by the Benjamin Delessert Foundation to MS., European Project: 241913,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,FLORINASH(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - EIP (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), ToxAlim (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés - LISBP (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Burcelin, Remy, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (ancêtre de MIAT) (UBIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'hypertension artérielle et thérapeutique [CHU Toulouse] (HTA et thérapeutique), Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Simon, Marie Francoise, The role of intestinal microflora in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - FLORINASH - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2010-01-01 - 2014-12-31 - 241913 - VALID, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, mictobiota, White adipose tissue, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Gut flora, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Intestinal absorption, Cecum, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, gut, metabolic, background, phenotype, diet, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, MESH: Animals, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Cytokines, MESH: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, food and beverages, Phenotype, Adaptation, Physiological, Intestines, medicine.anatomical_structure, High-fat diet, Liver, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Permeability, Cytokines, medicine.symptom, MESH: Intestines, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Glucose Tolerance Test, MESH: Intestinal Absorption, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Inflammation, Gut microbiota, Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Phenotype, digestive system, Permeability, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Metabolic diseases, MESH: Cecum, Glucose Tolerance Test, MESH: Metagenome, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Diet, High-Fat, Endocrinology, Intestinal Absorption, Immunology, Metagenome, MESH: Lipopolysaccharides, MESH: Liver
Abstract

Chantier qualité GA; International audience; OBJECTIVE: The gut microbiota, which is considered a causal factor in metabolic diseases as shown best in animals, is under the dual influence of the host genome and nutritional environment. This study investigated whether the gut microbiota per se, aside from changes in genetic background and diet, could sign different metabolic phenotypes in mice. METHODS: The unique animal model of metabolic adaptation was used, whereby C57Bl/6 male mice fed a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HFD) became either diabetic (HFD diabetic, HFD-D) or resisted diabetes (HFD diabetes-resistant, HFD-DR). Pyrosequencing of the gut microbiota was carried out to profile the gut microbial community of different metabolic phenotypes. Inflammation, gut permeability, features of white adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle were studied. Furthermore, to modify the gut microbiota directly, an additional group of mice was given a gluco-oligosaccharide (GOS)-supplemented HFD (HFD+GOS). RESULTS: Despite the mice having the same genetic background and nutritional status, a gut microbial profile specific to each metabolic phenotype was identified. The HFD-D gut microbial profile was associated with increased gut permeability linked to increased endotoxaemia and to a dramatic increase in cell number in the stroma vascular fraction from visceral white adipose tissue. Most of the physiological characteristics of the HFD-fed mice were modulated when gut microbiota was intentionally modified by GOS dietary fibres. CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota is a signature of the metabolic phenotypes independent of differences in host genetic background and diet.

Published
2012
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30. Sedimentary context controls the influence of ecosystem engineering by bioturbators on microbial processes in river sediments

Author

Bernard Montuelle, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Simon Navel, Pierre Marmonier, Eric Chauvet, Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), ANR-06-BDIV-0007,INBIOPROCESS,Linking biodiversity and ecological processes in the subsurface / surface water interfaces for sustainable ground water management(2006), Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat - ENTPE (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I - UCBL (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l’environnement et l’agriculture - CEMAGREF (FRANCE), Institut supérieur d'agriculture et d'agroalimentaire Rhône-Alpes - ISARA-Lyon (FRANCE), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc - USMB (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, River sediments, Bioturbators, Ecosystem, Sedimentary, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Ecologie, Environnement, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, Tubifex, Microbial processes, 13. Climate action, Tubifex tubifex, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bioturbation
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA; By modifying the physical environment, ecosystem engineers can have inordinately large effects on surrounding communities and ecosystem functioning. However, the significance of engineering in ecosystems greatly depends on the physical characteristics of the engineered habitats. Mechanisms underlying such context-dependent impact of engineers remain poorly understood even though they are crucial to establish general predictions concerning the contribution of engineers to ecosystem structure and function. The present study aimed to decrypt such mechanisms by determining how the environmental context modulates the effects of ecosystem engineers (bioturbators) on microorganisms in river sediments. To test the effects of environmental context on the role of bioturbators in sediments, we used mesocosms and recreated two sedimentary contexts in the laboratory by adding a layer of either fine or coarse sand at the top of a gravel-sand matrix. For each sediment context, we examined how the sediment reworking activity of a bioturbating tubificid worm (Tubifex tubifex) generated changes in the physical (sediment structure and permeability) and abiotic environments (hydraulic discharge, water chemistry) of microorganisms. Microbial characteristics (abundances, activities) and leaf litter decomposition a major microbially-mediated ecological process were measured to evaluate the impact of bioturbation on biotic compartment. Our results showed that the permeability, the availability of oxygen and the activities of microorganisms were reduced in sediments covered with fine sand, in comparison with sediments covered with coarse sand. Tubifex tubifex significantly increased permeability (by about six-fold), restored aerobic conditions and ultimately stimulated microbial communities (resulting in a 30% increase in leaf litter breakdown rate) in sediments covered with fine sand. In contrast T. tubifex had low effects in sediments topped by coarse sand, where O2 was already available for hyporheic microorganisms. Our study supports the idea that context dependency mainly modulates the effects of engineering by controlling the ability of engineers to create changes on abiotic (O2 in the present study) factors that are limiting for surrounding communities.

Published
2012
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31. Variational Methods for Normal Integration

Author

Jean-François Aujol, Yvain Quéau, Jean-Denis Durou, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Real Expression Artificial Life (IRIT-REVA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Technische Universität München - TUM (GERMANY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Discretization, Gradient field, Computer science, Anisotropic diffusion, Photometric stereo, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Integration, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, variational methods, Boundary (topology), Image processing, integration, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, normal field, shape-from-shading, Traitement des images, Variational methods, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, 0101 mathematics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, 3D-reconstruction, Applied Mathematics, 3D reconstruction, photometric stereo, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Solver, Condensed Matter Physics, 010101 applied mathematics, Discontinuity (linguistics), Shape-from-shading, Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Geometry and Topology, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Normal field, gradient field, Algorithm
Abstract

International audience; The need for an efficient method of integration of a dense normal field is inspired by several computer vision tasks, such as shape-from-shading, photometric stereo, deflectometry. Inspired by edge-preserving methods from image processing, we study in this paper several variational approaches for normal integration, with a focus on non-rectangular domains, free boundary and depth discontinuities. We first introduce a new discretization for quadratic integration, which is designed to ensure both fast recovery and the ability to handle non-rectangular domains with a free boundary. Yet, with this solver, discontinuous surfaces can be handled only if the scene is first segmented into pieces without discontinuity. Hence, we then discuss several discontinuity-preserving strategies. Those inspired, respectively, by the Mumford-Shah segmentation method and by anisotropic diffusion, are shown to be the most effective for recovering discontinuities.

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32. Stabilizing low symmetry-based functions of materials at room temperature through isosymmetric electronic bistability.

Author

Valverde-Muñoz FJ, Torres Ramírez RG, Trzop E, Bataille T, Daro N, Denux D, Guionneau P, Cailleau H, Chastanet G, Le Guennic B, and Collet E

Abstract

Symmetry-breaking is pivotal for controlling ferroelectric, ferroelastic and/or ferromagnetic functions of materials, which enables applications in sensors, memory devices, transducers or actuators. Commonly, ferroic phases emerge from descending symmetry-breaking, as the laws of thermodynamics dictate that the ordered low entropy phases form at low temperature, which limits practical applications of many materials at room temperature. Rare examples of ascending symmetry-breakings have been observed, but the driving force remains often unclear. Here, we report on a ferroelastic symmetry-breaking occurring at high temperature in a spin-crossover material, studied by magnetic, DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements. Our DFT calculations and our model, based on the Landau theory of phase transitions, explain how the cooperative thermal switching of the molecular spin state drives a ferroelastic symmetry breaking at high temperature, through a coupled Jahn-Teller distortion. Ferroelastic materials have rich properties, with important applications in memory, multifunctional and novel controllable devices. The electronic bistability in soft functional materials represents an important source of entropy gain, capable of overcoming the cost of symmetry-breaking entropy, which opens up new perspectives for stabilizing high-temperature and low-symmetry ferroic functions of advanced materials.

Published
2025
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33. Negative gas adsorption transitions and pressure amplification phenomena in porous frameworks.

Author

Krause S, Evans JD, Bon V, Senkovska I, Coudert FX, Maurin G, Brunner E, Llewellyn PL, and Kaskel S

Abstract

Nanoporous solids offer a wide range of functionalities for industrial, environmental, and energy applications. However, only a limited number of porous materials are responsive, i.e. the nanopore dynamically alters its size and shape in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light or the presence of specific molecular stimuli adsorbed inside the voids deforming the framework. Adsorption-induced structural deformation of porous solids can result in unique counterintuitive phenomena. Negative gas adsorption (NGA) is such a phenomenon which describes the spontaneous release of gas from an "overloaded" nanoporous solid via adsorption-induced structural contraction leading to total pressure amplification (PA) in a closed system. Such pressure amplifying materials may open new avenues for pneumatic system engineering, robotics, damping, or micromechanical actuators. In this review we illustrate the discovery of NGA in DUT-49, a mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF), and the subsequent examination of conditions for its observation leading to a rationalization of the phenomenon. We outline the development of decisive experimental and theoretical methods required to establish the mechanism of NGA and derive key criteria for observing NGA in other porous solids. We demonstrate the application of these design principles in a series of DUT-49-related model compounds of which several also exhibit NGA. Furthermore, we provide an outlook towards applying NGA as a pressure amplification material and discuss possibilities to discover novel NGA materials and other counterintuitive adsorption phenomena in porous solids in the future.

Published
2025
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34. Relations between psychosis and emotion regulation in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using experience sampling methods.

Author

Bortolon C and Nardelli C

Subjects
Humans, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Psychotic Disorders physiopathology, Emotional Regulation physiology
Abstract

Research has shown that heightened emotionality often precedes psychotic experiences. Understanding how individuals cope with these emotions is crucial for psychosis. While prior studies on emotion regulation (ER) and psychosis have mainly relied on self-report questionnaires, recent research has increasingly utilised daily life methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis seek to examine the relationship between daily ER and psychotic experiences. In total, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis (21 in the systematic review). The results of Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) studies indicated that ER strategies of avoidance, reappraisal, repetitive thinking, and emotional suppression are not associated with psychotic experiences in daily life. The effect was not moderated by type of sample (clinical vs non-clinical), symptom (hallucination vs delusions), relation (contemporaneous vs perspective), or other methodological variables. Acceptance was found to be negatively associated with psychotic experiences, but the effect was small. These results indicate that ER in daily life might not impact directly on psychotic experiences. The results are discussed in light of conceptual and methodological limitations in the field., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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35. Elucidating the conformational behavior and membrane-destabilizing capability of the antimicrobial peptide ecPis-4s.

Author

de Souza KR, Nunes LO, Salnikov ES, Mundim HM, Munhoz VHO, Lião LM, Aisenbrey C, Resende JM, Bechinger B, and Verly RM

Subjects
Lipid Bilayers chemistry, Lipid Bilayers metabolism, Micelles, Phosphatidylcholines chemistry, Antimicrobial Peptides chemistry, Antimicrobial Peptides pharmacology, Antimicrobial Peptides metabolism, Protein Conformation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Membrane chemistry, Cell Membrane metabolism, Phosphatidylglycerols chemistry, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides chemistry, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides pharmacology, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides metabolism
Abstract

Here we present studies of the structure and membrane interactions of ecPis-4 s, a new antimicrobial peptide from the piscidin family, which shows a wide-range of potential biotechnological applications. In order to understand the mode of action ecPis-4 s, the peptide was chemically synthesized and structural investigations in the presence of anionic POPC:POPG (3:1, mol:mol) membrane and SDS micelles were performed. CD spectroscopy demonstrated that ecPis-4 s has a high content of helical structure in both membrane mimetic media, which is in line with solution NMR spectroscopy that revealed an amphipathic helical conformation throughout the entire peptide chain. Solid-state NMR experiments of ecPis-4 s selectively labeled with 15 N/ 2 H and reconstituted into uniaxially oriented POPC:POPG membranes revealed an ideal partition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues within the bilayer interface. The peptide aligns in parallel to the membrane surface, a topology stabilized by aromatic side-chain interactions of the Phe-1, Phe-2 and Trp-9 with the phospholipids. 2 H NMR experiments using deuterated lipids revealed that anionic lipid accumulates in the vicinity of the cationic peptide upon peptide-membrane binding., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare relevant to this article's content., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2025
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36. Toward a comprehensive profiling of alternative splicing proteoform structures, interactions and functions.

Author

Laine E and Freiberger MI

Subjects
Humans, Proteome metabolism, Alternative Splicing
Abstract

The mRNA splicing machinery has been estimated to generate 100,000 known protein-coding transcripts for 20,000 human genes (Ensembl, Sept. 2024). However, this set is expanding with the massive and rapidly growing data coming from high-throughput technologies, particularly single-cell and long-read sequencing. Yet, the implications of splicing complexity at the protein level remain largely uncharted. In this review, we describe the current advances toward systematically assessing the contribution of alternative splicing to proteome function diversification. We discuss the potential and challenges of using artificial intelligence-based techniques in identifying alternative splicing proteoforms and characterising their structures, interactions, and functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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37. Exploratory structural neuroimaging examination of impulsivity in severe alcohol use disorder: Persistent implication of the ventral striatum.

Author

Cabe N, Segobin S, Boudehent C, Laniepce A, and Pitel AL

Abstract

Background: While Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is frequently associated with impulsivity, its structural brain substrates are still poorly defined. The triadic model of addiction postulates that impulsive behavior is regulated by an amygdalo-striatal impulsive subcomponent, a prefrontal and cerebellar reflective subcomponent, and an insular regulatory subcomponent. The objective of this study was thus to examine the relationships between self-evaluated impulsivity and structural brain abnormalities in patients with severe AUD (sAUD) using the triadic model as a theoretical framework., Methods: Twenty-two inpatients with sAUD and 17 Healthy Controls (HC) completed two impulsivity scales: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS). They also underwent an anatomical MRI. The brain volumes of the regions described as involved in the three subcomponents of the triadic model were extracted., Results: The two groups did not significantly differ on self-reported impulsivity measures. However, the volumes of the caudate nuclei, executive cerebellum and insula were smaller in sAUD than in HC. In the sAUD group there were significant positive correlations between certain impulsivity measures and gray matter volume of the nucleus accumbens., Conclusions: In sAUD, self-evaluated impulsivity specifically relates to the integrity of the ventral striatum that belongs to the impulsive subcomponent of the triadic neurocognitive model of addiction. It is not related to the integrity or deterioration of the brain regions that underlie the reflexive or regulatory sub-component. Although these results have methodological limitations, they are consistent with the impulsive/compulsive model of addiction and confirms the persistence of the relationship between impulsivity and ventral striatum in sAUD., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest none, (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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38. Allostery and Evolution: A Molecular Journey Through the Structural and Dynamical Landscape of an Enzyme Super Family.

Author

Coquille S, Pereira CS, Roche J, Santoni G, Engilberge S, Brochier-Armanet C, Girard E, Sterpone F, and Madern D

Subjects
Allosteric Regulation, Malate Dehydrogenase genetics, Malate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Malate Dehydrogenase chemistry, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase genetics, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase chemistry, Mutation, Protein Conformation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Catalytic Domain, Evolution, Molecular
Abstract

Allosteric regulation is a powerful mechanism for controlling the efficiency of enzymes. Deciphering the evolutionary mechanisms by which allosteric properties have been acquired in enzymes is of fundamental importance. We used the malate (MalDH) and lactate deydrogenases (LDHs) superfamily as model to elucidate this phenomenon. By introducing a few of mutations associated to the emergence of allosteric LDHs into the non-allosteric MalDH from Methanopyrus kandleri, we have gradually shifted its enzymatic profile toward that typical of allosteric LDHs. We first investigated the process triggering homotropic activation. The structures of the resulting mutants show the typical compact organization of the R-active state of LDHs, but a distorted (T-like) catalytic site demonstrating that they corresponds to hybrid states. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations confirmed the capability of these mutants to sample the T-inactive state. By adding a final single mutation to fine-tune the flexibility of the catalytic site, we obtained an enzyme with both sigmoid (homotropic) and hyperbolic (heterotropic) substrate activation profiles. Its structure shows a typical extended T-state as in LDHs, whereas its catalytic state has as a restored configuration favorable for catalysis. Free energy calculations indicate that the T and R catalytic site configurations are in an equilibrium that depends on solvent conditions. We observed long-range communication between monomers as required for allosteric activation. Our work links the evolution of allosteric regulation in the LDH/MDH superfamily to the ensemble model of allostery at molecular level, and highlights the important role of the underlying protein dynamics., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)

Published
2025
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39. Towards Bacterial Resistance via the Membrane Strategy: Enzymatic, Biophysical and Biomimetic Studies of the Lipid cis-trans Isomerase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Author

Mauger M, Makarchuk I, Molter Y, Sansone A, Melin F, Chaignon P, Schaeffer P, Adam P, Schünemann V, Hellwig P, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, and Seemann M

Subjects
Isomerases metabolism, Isomerases chemistry, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa enzymology
Abstract

The lipid cis-trans isomerase (Cti) is a periplasmic heme-c enzyme found in several bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen known for causing nosocomial infections. This metalloenzyme catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in order to rapidly modulate membrane fluidity in response to stresses that impede bacterial growth. As a consequence, breakthrough in the elucidation of the mechanism of this metalloenzyme might lead to new strategies to combat bacterial antibiotic resistance. We report the first comprehensive biochemical, electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of a Cti enzyme. This has been possible by the successful purification of Cti from P. aeruginosa (Pa-Cti) in favorable yields with enzyme activity of 0.41 μmol/min/mg when tested with palmitoleic acid. Through a synergistic approach involving enzymology, site-directed mutagenesis, Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemistry, we identified the heme coordination and redox state, pinpointing Met163 as the sixth ligand of the Fe II of heme-c in Pa-Cti. Significantly, the development of an innovative assay based on liposomes demonstrated for the first time that Cti catalyzes cis-trans isomerization directly using phospholipids as substrates without the need of protein partners, answering the important question about the substrate of Cti within the bacterial membrane., (© 2024 The Author(s). ChemBioChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Published
2025
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40. Language barriers in emergency ambulance calls for cardiac arrest: Cases of missing vital information.

Author

Perera N, Riou M, Birnie T, Whiteside A, Ball S, and Finn J

Subjects
Humans, Female, Australia, Male, Emergency Medical Services statistics & numerical data, Emergency Medical Services methods, Heart Arrest therapy, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Qualitative Research, Ambulances statistics & numerical data, Communication Barriers
Abstract

In medical emergencies, phoning the ambulance service constitutes a high-stakes interaction. Call-takers rely on callers to provide information about the patient so they can promptly recognise the medical problem and take swift action to remedy it. When a language barrier exists between the call-taker and caller, this can add a further challenge, given that third-party interpreters are rarely engaged, especially for time-critical conditions such as cardiac arrest. Research in cardiac arrest calls has found that language barrier calls experience longer delays to critical points such as recognition of cardiac arrest and commencement of resuscitation. This study aimed to understand, in the absence of interpreters, the interactional challenges that emerged in language barrier emergency calls, as parties worked to communicate the nature of the medical problem. Based on a critical conversation analysis approach, we conducted fine-grained analysis of interactions in audio recordings and transcripts of 33 language barrier calls from an Australian ambulance service in 2019. We found that call takers regularly failed to recognise that the patient had a cardiac arrest. Non-fluent-English callers often provided vital information about the patient, which could have led to cardiac arrest recognition by the call-taker, however such information was missed if it was delivered in an unsolicited or atypical way. Opportunities to recognise cardiac arrest were also missed when call-takers did not probe further after such information was provided or did not provide enough interactional space for callers to complete their turns. We found that the main reason for delays in recognising cardiac arrest was a lack of mutual understanding, which most of the time seemed to remain unbeknownst to participants. The study makes recommendations for emergency medical dispatch centres to cater for language barrier calls, with the goal of fostering a more inclusive prehospital care system and addressing health disparities for non-fluent-English speakers., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest AW is employed by St John Western Australia (SJ-WA); JF and SB hold adjunct appointments with SJ-WA and JF receives research project funding from SJ-WA., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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41. Thymoquinone loaded lipid nanocapsule dispersion: two methods of preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluations for oral administration.

Author

Selmi M, Trabelsi A, Lautram N, Dallerac D, Lefebvre G, Chekir Ghedira L, and Roger E

Subjects
Caco-2 Cells, Humans, Administration, Oral, Permeability, Particle Size, Drug Compounding methods, Drug Stability, Drug Liberation, Intestinal Absorption, Drug Carriers chemistry, Nanocapsules chemistry, Lipids chemistry, Benzoquinones administration & dosage, Benzoquinones pharmacokinetics, Benzoquinones chemistry
Abstract

This work explores two methods to encapsulate Thymoquinone (TQ) into lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for oral administration. TQ was added during the phase inversion temperature method (TQ-LNCs-1) or to unload LNCs dispersion (TQ-LNCs-2). LNCs were evaluated for mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), ζ-potential, drug loading (DL), drop tensiometer, storage stability, in vitro stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGIF), and intestinal permeability across Caco-2 cells. TQ-LNCs-1 and TQ-LNCs-2 produced NPs (58.3 ± 3.7 nm and 61.5 ± 3.5 nm, respectively), with a DL of 8.7 ± 0.2 and 7.7 ± 0.6 mg/mL of suspension, respectively. For both, less than 14% of TQ was released in SGIF, and a minor increase in TQ intestinal permeability with LNCs compared to free TQ was observed. TQ-LNCs represented a promising formulation for oral delivery of TQ. Encapsulation of TQ by adding it at LNCs dispersion can be extended for further drugs.

Published
2025
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42. Environmental change mediates plasticity in offspring traits through maternal effects in a coral reef fish.

Author

Cortese D, Diaz C, Beldade R, Killen SS, Scholz Z, and Mills SC

Subjects
Animals, Fishes physiology, Maternal Inheritance, Ecosystem, Phenotype, Larva physiology, Female, Coral Reefs, Reproduction
Abstract

Wild populations are continuously challenged by natural environmental variation as well as threatened by anthropogenically-induced habitat loss and fragmentation. Non-genetic parental effects may be a key mechanism across taxa to cope with such environmental challenges and threats. However, the way in which environmental change modulates parental and offspring traits remains poorly studied in marine fish, especially in the wild. We empirically test whether environmental change directly affects monthly reproductive output and offspring phenotypes, including egg size, larval size and larval swimming abilities, in a wild population of anemonefish. In addition, we test whether environmentally induced parental physiology (hormones) modify parental traits, as well as offspring traits intergenerationally. First, we demonstrate plasticity in parental reproductive output when habitat size (anemone surface area) was experimentally manipulated. Second, we show intergenerational plasticity in wild anemonefish offspring traits. When habitat size increased, offspring traits were unchanged, but reproductive output was increased. Maternal reproductive hormones, such as 17ß-estradiol, showed a trend to increase when habitat size increased and 17ß-estradiol correlates positively with reproductive output. When habitat size decreased, reproductive output decreased, and smaller eggs and larvae were produced, however, these larvae swam faster. Our results provide evidence for marine fish plasticity in both reproductive output and offspring traits. In addition, the maternal reproductive hormone 17ß-estradiol plays a role in determining reproductive output and larval phenotypic traits. Through our study conducted in the wild, we show how changes in habitat size affect fitness of both parents and offspring in different ways. We highlight how parental and offspring plasticity, via intergenerational maternal effects, may ensure population persistence under environmental change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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43. The Characterization of Ancient Methanococcales Malate Dehydrogenases Reveals That Strong Thermal Stability Prevents Unfolding Under Intense γ-Irradiation.

Author

Madern D, Halgand F, Houée-Levin C, Dufour AB, Coquille S, Ansanay-Alex S, Sacquin-Mora S, and Brochier-Armanet C

Subjects
Gamma Rays, Enzyme Stability, Protein Unfolding, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Archaeal Proteins genetics, Archaeal Proteins metabolism, Archaeal Proteins chemistry, Hot Temperature, Malate Dehydrogenase genetics, Malate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Malate Dehydrogenase chemistry
Abstract

Malate dehydrogenases (MalDHs) (EC.1.1.1.37), which are involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate to pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, are a relevant model for the study of enzyme evolution and adaptation. Likewise, a recent study showed that Methanococcales, a major lineage of Archaea, is a good model to study the molecular processes of proteome thermoadaptation in prokaryotes. Here, we use ancestral sequence reconstruction and paleoenzymology to characterize both ancient and extant MalDHs. We observe a good correlation between inferred optimal growth temperatures and experimental optimal temperatures for activity (A-Topt). In particular, we show that the MalDH present in the ancestor of Methanococcales was hyperthermostable and had an A-Topt of 80 °C, consistent with a hyperthermophilic lifestyle. This ancestor gave rise to two lineages with different thermal constraints: one remained hyperthermophilic, while the other underwent several independent adaptations to colder environments. Surprisingly, the enzymes of the first lineage have retained a thermoresistant behavior (i.e. strong thermostability and high A-Topt), whereas the ancestor of the second lineage shows a strong thermostability, but a reduced A-Topt. Using mutants, we mimic the adaptation trajectory toward mesophily and show that it is possible to significantly reduce the A-Topt without altering the thermostability of the enzyme by introducing a few mutations. Finally, we reveal an unexpected link between thermostability and the ability to resist γ-irradiation-induced unfolding., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)

Published
2024
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44. Volume-preserving geometric shape optimization of the Dirichlet energy using variational neural networks.

Author

Bélières Frendo A, Franck E, Michel-Dansac V, and Privat Y

Subjects
Computer Simulation, Poisson Distribution, Neural Networks, Computer, Algorithms
Abstract

In this work, we explore the numerical solution of geometric shape optimization problems using neural network-based approaches. This involves minimizing a numerical criterion that includes solving a partial differential equation with respect to a domain, often under geometric constraints like a constant volume. We successfully develop a proof of concept using a flexible and parallelizable methodology to tackle these problems. We focus on a prototypal problem: minimizing the so-called Dirichlet energy with respect to the domain under a volume constraint, involving Poisson's equation in R 2 . We use variational neural networks to approximate the solution to Poisson's equation on a given domain, and represent the shape through a neural network that approximates a volume-preserving transformation from an initial shape to an optimal one. These processes are combined in a single optimization algorithm that minimizes the Dirichlet energy. A significant advantage of this approach is its inherent parallelizability, which makes it easy to handle the addition of parameters. Additionally, it does not rely on shape derivative or adjoint calculations. Our approach is tested on Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions, parametric right-hand sides, and extended to Bernoulli-type free boundary problems. The source code for solving the shape optimization problem is open-source and freely available., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yannick Privat reports financial support was provided by French National research Agency. Yannick Privat, Emmanuel Franck, Victor Michel-Dansac reports financial support was provided by PEP . If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2025
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45. Are there unconscious visual images in aphantasia? Development of an implicit priming paradigm.

Author

Purkart R, Delem M, Ranson V, Andrey C, Versace R, Cavalli E, and Plancher G

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Unconscious, Psychology, Aged, Visual Perception physiology, Imagination physiology
Abstract

For some people the experience of visual imagery is lacking, a condition recently referred to as aphantasia. So far, most of the studies on aphantasia rely on subjective reports, leaving the question of whether mental images can exist without reaching consciousness unresolved. In the present study, the formation of mental images was estimated in individuals with aphantasia without explicitly asking them to generate mental images. 151 Participants performed an implicit priming task where a probe is assumed to automatically reactivate a mental image. An explicit priming task, where participants were explicitly required to form a mental image after a probe, served as a control task. While control participants showed a priming effect in both the implicit and explicit tasks, aphantasics did not show any priming effects. These results suggest that aphantasia relies on a genuine inability to generate mental images rather than on a deficit in accessing these images consciously. Our priming paradigm might be a promising tool for characterizing mental images without relying on participant introspection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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46. Let's focus on the insula in addiction: A refined anatomical exploration of insula in severe alcohol and cocaine use disorders.

Author

Billaux P, Segobin S, Maillard A, Bloch V, Delmaire C, Cabé N, Laniepce A, Maurage P, Poireau M, Volle E, Vorspan F, and Pitel AL

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Cocaine-Related Disorders pathology, Cocaine-Related Disorders diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Alcoholism pathology, Alcoholism diagnostic imaging, Insular Cortex diagnostic imaging, Insular Cortex pathology, Gray Matter diagnostic imaging, Gray Matter pathology
Abstract

Background: Theoretical and empirical contributions have identified insula as key in addiction. However, anatomical modifications of the insula in addictive states, and their variations across substance use disorders (SUDs), remain to be specifically explored. We therefore explored the specificities and commonalities of insula gray matter (GM) alterations in severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD) and severe cocaine use disorder (sCUD)., Methods: We explored insula GM volume through a refined parcellation in 12 subregions (six bilateral): anterior inferior cortex (AIC), anterior short gyrus, middle short gyrus, posterior short gyrus, anterior long gyrus (ALG), and posterior long gyrus (PLG). Using a linear mixed model analysis, we explored the insula volume profiles of 50 patients with sAUD, 61 patients with sCUD, and 36 healthy controls (HCs)., Results: In both sAUD and sCUD, we showed overall insular lower volume with a right-sided lateralization effect, and a major volume deficit in bilateral ALG. Moreover, differences emerged across groups, with higher left AIC and PLG volume deficits in sCUD compared to sAUD and HC., Conclusions: We offered the first joint exploration of GM insular volumes in two SUD through refined parcellation, thus unveiling the similarities and dissimilarities in volume deficit profiles. Our results bring evidence complementing prior ones suggesting the core role of the right and posterior insula in craving and interoception, two crucial processes in addiction. Left AIC and PLG group differences also show that, while insula is a region of interest in SUD, sCUD and sAUD generate distinct insular profiles, which might parallel clinical differences across SUD.

Published
2024
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47. A bi-component model to assess the rheology of soft cellular aggregates probed using the micropipette aspiration technique.

Author

Sciumè G, Guevorkian K, and Nassoy P

Subjects
Viscosity, Surface Tension, Suction, Humans, Cell Aggregation, Rheology, Models, Biological
Abstract

The micro-pipette aspiration technique is a classical experiment used to characterize the physical properties of inert fluids and biological soft materials such as cellular aggregates. The physical parameters of the fluid, as viscosity and interfacial tension, are obtained by studying how the fluid enters the pipette when the suction pressure is increased and how it relaxes when the suction pressure is put to zero. A mathematical model representative of the experiment is needed to extrapolate the physical parameters of the fluid-like matter; however, for biological materials as cells or cell aggregates mathematical models are always based on strong starting hypotheses that impact the significance of the identified parameters. In this article, starting from the bi-constituent nature of the cell aggregate, we derive a general mathematical model based of a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes set of equations. The model is applied to describe quantitatively the aspiration-retraction dynamics of a cell-aggregate into and out of a pipette. We demonstrate the predictive capability of the model and highlight the impact of the assumptions made on the identified parameters by studying two cases: one with a non-wetting condition between the cells and the wall of the pipette (classical assumption in the literature) and the second one, which is more realistic, with a partial wetting condition (contact angle θ s = 150°). Furthermore, our results provide a purely physical explanation to the asymmetry between the aspiration and retraction responses which is alternative to the proposed hypothesis of an mechano-responsive alteration of the surface tension of the cell aggregate. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study introduces a general mathematical model, based on the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations, tailored to model micro-pipette aspiration of cell aggregates. The model accounts for the multi-component structure of the cell aggregate and its intrinsic viscoelastic rheology. By challenging prevailing assumptions, particularly regarding perfect non-wetting conditions and the mechano-responsive alteration of cell surface tension, we demonstrate the reliability of the mathematical model and elucidate the mechanisms at play, offering a purely physical explanation for observed asymmetries between the aspiration and retraction stages of the experiment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Low-level, chronic ingestion of lead and cadmium: The unspoken danger for at-risk populations.

Author

Howard JA, David L, Lux F, and Tillement O

Subjects
Humans, Lead Poisoning prevention & control, Cadmium Poisoning prevention & control, Environmental Exposure analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Lead blood, Lead toxicity, Cadmium toxicity, Cadmium analysis, Cadmium blood
Abstract

The long-term effects of low-level, chronic exposure to lead and cadmium through ingestion are often overlooked, despite the urgency surrounding the clinical onset and worsening of certain pathologies caused by these metals. This work reviews current legislation, global ingestion levels, and blood levels in the general population to emphasize the need for reactivity towards this exposure, especially in at-risk populations, including patients with early-stage renal and chronic kidney disease. Global data indicates persistent chronic ingestion of lead and cadmium, with no decreasing trend in recent years, and a daily consumption of tens of micrograms worldwide. Moreover, the average blood lead and cadmium levels in the general population are concerning in many countries with some significantly exceeding healthy limits, particularly for children. Technologies developed to cleanse soil and prevent heavy metal contamination in food are not yet applicable on a global scale and remain financially inaccessible for many communities. Addressing this chronic ingestion at the human level may prove more beneficial in delaying the onset of associated clinical pathologies or preventing them all together., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest J.A.H., L.D., O. T., and F. L. have to disclose the patent EP22306238 that protect Chitosan@DOTAGA as an oral chelating agent for cadmium and lead. J. A. H. is an employee of MexBrain company. O. T. and F. L. possess shares in the company., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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49. Characterization of the interindividual variability of lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the adipose tissue of healthy male adults and identification of combinations of genetic variants associated with it.

Author

Zumaraga MP, Desmarchelier C, Gleize B, Nowicki M, Ould-Ali D, and Borel P

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Genotype, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Lutein metabolism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Zeaxanthins metabolism
Abstract

Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are involved in visual function and could prevent age-related macular degeneration and chronic diseases and improve cognitive performances. Adipose tissue is the main storage site for these xanthophylls (Xanth). The factors affecting their concentrations in this tissue remain poorly understood but in animal models, genetic variations in apolipoprotein E and β-carotene oxygenase 2 have been associated with adipose tissue L concentration. Therefore, the aims of this study were to better characterize the interindividual variability of adipose tissue Xanth concentration and to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with it. Periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected on 6 occasions in 42 healthy adult males and L and Z concentrations were measured by HPLC. Participants had their whole genome genotyped and the associations of 3589 SNPs in 49 candidate genes with the concentrations of L and Z were measured. Mean L and Z concentrations were 281 ± 27 and 150 ± 14 nmol g -1 proteins, respectively. There was no significant correlation between plasma and adipose tissue Xanth concentrations, although the correlation for L approached significance (Pearson's r = 0.276, p = 0.077). Following univariate filtering, 109 and 97 SNPs were then entered into a partial least squares regression analysis to identify the combination of SNPs that explained best adipose tissue concentration of L and Z, respectively. A combination of 7 SNPs in ELOVL5 , PPARG , ISX and ABCA1 , explained 58% of the variability in adipose tissue L concentration while 11 SNPs located in or near PPARG , ABCA1 , ELOVL5 , CXCL8 , IRS1 , ISX , MC4R explained 53% of the variance in adipose tissue Z concentration. This suggests that some genetic variations influence the concentrations of these Xanth in adipose tissue and could therefore indirectly influence the health effects of these compounds. Clinical Trial Registry: https://ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02100774.

Published
2024
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50. Energy deposition in liquid scintillators composed of CsPbBr 3 colloidal nanocrystal dispersions.

Author

Baravaglio M, Sabot B, Maddalena F, Birowosuto MD, Dang C, Dujardin C, and Mahler B

Abstract

Liquid scintillation processes are commonly used for various applications involving radioactivity levels analysis, as well as experiments in the field of high energy physics, most commonly in the form of organic scintillating cocktails. In this paper, we explore the potential of halide perovskite nanocrystal colloidal dispersions as an alternative to those organic mixtures. After an optimization of the nanocrystals' mean size and surface chemistry, the scintillation yield of these composite mixtures is evaluated through Compton - Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio experiments and compared with commercial liquid scintillator. The obtained results shine a light on the energy deposition mechanisms in nanocrystals-based liquid scintillators.

Published
2024
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