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1. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) without boundaries: research and interventions beyond classifications

Author: Cécile Louveau, Pierre Ellul, Anton Iftimovici, Julien Dubreucq, Charles Laidi, Quentin Leyrolle, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Sebastien Jacquemont, Stanislas Lyonnet, Catherine Barthélémy, Marie-Odile Krebs, Jing Bai, Paul Olivier, Boris Chaumette, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Etienne, Child Mind Institute, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Saint Eloi (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], GIS autisme et troubles du neuro-développement (GIS-Autisme et TND), Université de Tours (UT), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Martinez Rico, Clara, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Biological Psychiatry
Abstract: International audience; On June 2022, the 2nd Webinar "Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) without boundaries took place at the Imagine Institute in Paris and was broadcasted live and in replay. The aim of this webinar is to address NDD in a dimensional rather than in a categorical approach. Several speakers were invited to present their researches on the subject. Classifications in NDD were discussed: irritability in NDD, involvement of the immune system in neurodevelopment, nutrition and gut microbiota modulate brain inflammation and neurodevelopment, co-occurring conditions in autistic adolescents and adults without intellectual disability. Classifications in psychiatric disorders were asked: mapping the effect of genes on cognition and autism risk, epigenetics and symptomatic trajectory in neurodevelopmental disorders, the autism-schizophrenia continuum in two examples: minor neurological signs and EEG microstates, the cerebellum in schizophrenia and autism: from imaging to intervention perspectives. Both genetic and environmental factors, along with clinical and imaging features, argue toward a continnum between NDD but also with adult psychiatric presentations. This new paradigm could modify the therapeutic strategy, with the development of large-spectrum treatments or new psychotherapies addressing co-occuring symptoms. The complexity and the heterogeneity of NDD apply well to the next scientific and political challenges: developing international convergence to push back the frontiers of our knowledge. This article is a summary of the 2nd webinar "Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) without boundaries: research and interventions beyond classifications" sponsored by the French National Academy of Medicine, the autism and neurodevelopmental disorders scientific interest group (GIS), the International Research Network Dev-O-Psy and the French Institute of Psychiatry (GDR3557). Oral presentations are available as a replay on the following website (in French): https://autisme-neurodev.org/evenements/2022/04/12/tnd-sans-frontieres-la-recherche-et-les-interventions-au-dela-des-classifications/ .
Published: 2023

2. A response to claims of emergent intelligence and sentience in a dish

Author: Fuat Balci, Suliann Ben Hamed, Thomas Boraud, Sébastien Bouret, Thomas Brochier, Cédric Brun, Jeremiah Y. Cohen, Etienne Coutureau, Marc Deffains, Valérie Doyère, Georgia G. Gregoriou, J. Alexander Heimel, Bjørg Elisabeth Kilavik, Daeyeol Lee, Eric C. Leuthardt, Zachary F. Mainen, Mackenzie Mathis, Ilya E. Monosov, Jérémie Naudé, Amy L. Orsborn, Camillo Padoa-Schioppa, Emmanuel Procyk, Bernardo Sabatini, Jérôme Sallet, Carmen Sandi, Jeffrey D. Schall, Alireza Soltani, Karel Svoboda, Charles R.E. Wilson, Jan Zimmermann, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Washington University School of Medicine [Saint Louis, MO], Champalimaud Foundation, Partenaires INRAE, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Washington [Seattle], Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College [Hanover], York University [Toronto], Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, and University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; The article ‘In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world’ by Kagan et al. triggered a wave of positive mainstream and scientific media coverage as well as a widespread negative reaction from the scientific community. Here, we discuss why this negative reaction is legitimate and must be taken seriously. We raise concerns about the key claim of the article: that it demonstrates that “a single layer of in vitro cortical neurons can self-organize activity to display intelligent and sentient behavior when embodied in a simulated game-world”.
Published: 2023

3. Competition, Information, and the Erosion of Morals

Author: Julien Benistant, Fabio Galeotti, Marie Claire Villeval, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Dishonesty, peer effects, experiment, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M5 - Personnel Economics/M.M5.M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects, feedback, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, competitive incentives
Abstract: International audience; We study the impact of competition on morals using a dynamic variant of the die-under-the-cup task. Players can repeatedly misreport the outputs of consecutive die rolls to earn more money, either under an individual piece-rate pay scheme or in a two-player tournament. In this dynamic setting, we disentangle the effect of the incentive scheme and the effect of information provision about one's relative performance, by comparing settings with continuous vs. final ex post feedback on the counterpart's reported outcome. We find that individuals lie more under competitive rather than non-competitive incentive schemes, but only if both players can cheat in the tournament. Continuous feedback on the counterpart's reports does not increase cheating in the tournament, while it does under the piece-rate scheme. These findings shed light on the effects that different competition and information policies have on morals in occupational settings.
Published: 2022

4. Non-invasive real-time access to spatial attention information from 3T fMRI BOLD signals

Author: Carine De Sousa Ferreira, Suliann Ben Hamed, Simon Clavagnier, Danielle Ibarrola, Franck Lamberton, Celia Loriette, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CERMEP - imagerie du vivant), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cued speech, Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Cognition, Pattern recognition, Local field potential, computer.software_genre, Covert, Voxel, Contrast (vision), Artificial intelligence, Neurofeedback, business, computer, Decoding methods, media_common
Abstract: Access to higher cognitive functions in real-time remains very challenging, because these functions are internally driven and their assessment is based onto indirect measures. In addition, recent finding show that these functions are highly dynamic. Previous studies using intra-cortical recordings in monkeys, succeed to access the (x,y) position of covert spatial attention, in real-time, using classification methods applied to monkey prefrontal multi-unit activity and local field potentials. In contrast, the direct access to attention with non-invasive methods is limited to predicting the attention localisation based on a quadrant classification. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility to track covert spatial attention localization using non-invasive fMRI BOLD signals, with an unprecedented spatial resolution. We further show that the errors produced by the decoder are not randomly distributed but concentrate on the locations neighbouring the cued location and that behavioral errors correlate with weaker decoding performance. Last, we also show that the voxels contributing to the decoder precisely match the visual retinotopic organization of the occipital cortex and that single trial access to attention is limited by the intrinsic dynamics of spatial attention. Taken together, these results open the way to the development of remediation and enhancement neurofeedback protocols targeting the attentional function.
Published: 2022

5. Maternal effects on the development of vocal communication in wild chimpanzees

Author: Bründl, Aisha, Girard-Buttoz, Cédric, Bortolato, Tatiana, Samuni, Liran, Grampp, Mathilde, Löhrich, Therese, Tkaczynski, Patrick, Wittig, Roman, Crockford, Catherine, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Faculté des sciences de la vie, Université de Strasbourg, Inkawu Vervet Project KwaZulu-Natal, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Multidisciplinary
Abstract: Early-life experiences, such as maternal care received, influence adult social integration and survival. We examine what changes to social behavior through ontogeny lead to these lifelong effects, particularly whether early-life maternal environment impacts the development of social communication. Chimpanzees experience prolonged social communication development. Focusing on a central communicative trait, the "pant-hoot" contact call used to solicit social engagement, we collected cross-sectional data on wild chimpanzees (52 immatures and 36 mothers). We assessed early-life socioecological impacts on pant-hoot rates across development, specifically: mothers' gregariousness, age, pant-hoot rates and dominance rank, maternal loss, and food availability, controlling for current maternal effects. We found that early-life maternal gregariousness correlated positively with offspring pant-hoot rates, while maternal loss led to reduced pant-hoot rates across development. Males had steeper developmental trajectories in pant-hoot rates than females. We demonstrate the impact of maternal effects on developmental trajectories of a rarely investigated social trait, vocal production.
Published: 2022

6. Sex and dominance

Author: Peter M. Kappeler, Elise Huchard, Alice Baniel, Charlotte Canteloup, Marie J. E. Charpentier, Leveda Cheng, Eve Davidian, Julie Duboscq, Claudia Fichtel, Charlotte K. Hemelrijk, Oliver P. Höner, Lee Koren, Jérôme Micheletta, Lea Prox, Tommaso Saccà, Lauren Seex, Nikolaos Smit, Martin Surbeck, Erica van de Waal, Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Theoretical Research in Evolutionary Life Sciences, Hemelrijk group, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Centre, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Mawana Game Reserve, Harvard University, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Bar-Ilan University [Israël], University of Portsmouth, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, mammals, hierarchy, methodology, dominance, sex, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The causes and consequences of being in a particular dominance position have been illuminated in various animal species, and new methods to assess dominance relationships and to describe the structure of dominance hierarchies have been developed in recent years. Most research has focused on same-sex relationships, however, so that intersexual dominance relationships and hierarchies including both sexes have remained much less studied. In particular, different methods continue to be employed to rank males and females along a dominance hierarchy, and sex biases in dominance are still widely regarded as simple byproducts of sexual size dimorphism. However, males and females regularly compete over similar resources when living in the same group, and sexual conflict takes a variety of forms across Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 01 frontiersin.org Kappeler et al. 10.3389/fevo.2022.918773 societies. These processes affect the fitness of both sexes, and are mitigated by intersexual hierarchies. In this study, we draw on data from free-ranging populations of nine species of mammals that vary in the degree to which members of one sex dominate members of the other sex to explore the consequences of using different criteria and procedures for describing intraand intersexual dominance relationships in these societies. Our analyses confirmed a continuum in patterns of intersexual dominance, from strictly male-dominated species to strictly female-dominated species. All indices of the degree of female dominance were well correlated with each other. The rank order among same-sex individuals was highly correlated between the intra-and intersexual hierarchies, and such correlation was not affected by the degree of female dominance. The relative prevalence of aggression and submission was sensitive to variation in the degree of female dominance across species, with more submissive signals and fewer aggressive acts being used in societies where female dominance prevails. Thus, this study provides important insights and key methodological tools to study intersexual dominance relationships in mammals.
Published: 2022

7. Pregnancy, Mental Well-Being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France

Author: Laurent Gaucher, Chloé Barasinski, Corinne Dupont, Chantal Razurel, Swann Pichon, Emma Leavy, Sylvie Viaux-Savelon, Marion Cortet, Nicolas Franck, Frédéric Haesebaert, Julie Haesebaert, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEdS-Ge / HES-SO), Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE - Inserm U1290 - UCBL1), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Réseau périnatal Aurore (Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL]), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Barasinski, Chloé, and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC)
Subjects: obstetrics_gynaecology, Leadership and Management, Health Policy, pandemic, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, quarantine, Health Informatics, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, pregnant women, mental health, survey, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Health Information Management, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the mental well-being of French women who were and were not pregnant during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We performed a nationwide online quantitative survey including all women between 18 and 45 years of age during the second and third weeks of global lockdown (March 25–April 07, 2020). The main outcome measures was the mental well-being measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). This study analysed 275 responses from pregnant women and compared them with those from a propensity score–matched sample of 825 non-pregnant women. The median WEMWBS score was 49.0 and did not differ by pregnancy status. Women living in urban areas reported better well-being, while those with sleep disorders or who spent more than an hour a day watching the news reported poorer well-being. During the first lockdown in France, women had relatively low mental well-being scores, with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. More than ever, health-care workers need to find a way to maintain their support for women’s well-being. Minor daily annoyances of pregnancy, such as insomnia, should not be trivialised because they are a potential sign of poor well-being.
Published: 2022

8. Glutamate cycle changes in the putamen of patients with de novo Parkinson's disease using 1H MRS

Author: Carine Chassain, Aurélie Cladiere, Camille Tsoutsos, Bruno Pereira, Fawzi Boumezbeur, Bérangère Debilly, Ana-Raquel Marques, Stéphane Thobois, Franck Durif, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Building large instruments for neuroimaging: from population imaging to ultra-high magnetic fields (BAOBAB), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Parkinson?s disease, Neurology, Glutamine, Putamen, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, H-1 magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Glutamate
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: To investigate glutamatergic metabolism changes in the putamen of patients with de novo Parkin-son's Disease (PD) and test the hypothesis that glutamate (Glu) levels are abnormally elevated in the putamen contralateral to where the motor clinical signs predominate as expected from observations in animal models. Methods: H-1 NMR spectra from 17 healthy control volunteers were compared with spectra from 17 de novo PD patients of who 14 were evaluated again after 2-3 years of disease progression. Statistical analysis used random-effects models. Results: The only significant difference between PD patients and controls was a higher glutamine (Gln) con-centration in the putamen ipsilateral to the hemibody with predominant motor signs (Visit 1: 6.0 +/- 0.4 mM vs. 5.2 +/- 0.2 mM, p < 0.05; Visit 2: 6.2 +/- 0.3 mM vs. 5.2 +/- 0.2 mM, p < 0.05). At Visit 1, PD patients had higher Glu and Gln levels in the putamen ipsilateral versus contralateral to dominant clinical signs (Glu: 12.2 +/- 0.6 mM vs. 10.4 +/- 0.6 mM, p < 0.05; Gln: 6.0 +/- 0.4 mM vs. 4.8 +/- 0.4 mM, p < 0.05; Glu and Gln pool (Glx): 17.9 +/- 0.8 mM vs. 14.7 +/- 1.1 mM, p < 0.05). At Visit 2, the sum of the two metabolites remained significantly higher in the ipsilateral versus contralateral putamen (Glx: 18.3 +/- 0.6 mM vs. 16.1 +/- 0.9 mM, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In de novo PD patients, the putamen ipsilateral to the more affected hemibody showed elevated Gln versus controls and elevated Glu and Gln concentrations versus the contralateral side. Abnormalities in Glu metabolism therefore occur early in PD but unexpectedly in the putamen contralateral to the more damaged hemisphere, suggesting they are not dependent solely on dopamine loss.
Published: 2022

9. An evolutionary gap in primate default mode network organization

Author: Clément M. Garin, Yuki Hori, Stefan Everling, Christopher T. Whitlow, Finnegan J. Calabro, Beatriz Luna, Mathilda Froesel, Maëva Gacoin, Suliann Ben Hamed, Marc Dhenain, Christos Constantinidis, The University of Western Ontario, Instituto de Fisica (IF), Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi [México] (UASLP), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 9199 (LMN), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Wake Forest University
Subjects: Brain Mapping, marmoset, mouse lemur, Neuroscience [CP], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, primates, fMRI, macaque, Brain, Default Mode Network, Callithrix, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, resting-state, Neural Pathways, evolution, Animals, DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, BOLD
Abstract: The human default mode network (DMN) is engaged at rest and in cognitive states such as self-directed thoughts. Interconnected homologous cortical areas in primates constitute a network considered as the equivalent. Here, based on a cross-species comparison of the DMN between humans and non-hominoid primates (macaques, marmosets, and mouse lemurs), we report major dissimilarities in connectivity profiles. Most importantly, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of non-hominoid primates is poorly engaged with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), though strong correlated activity between the human PCC and the mPFC is a key feature of the human DMN. Instead, a fronto-temporal resting-state network involving the mPFC was detected consistently across non-hominoid primate species. These common functional features shared between non-hominoid primates but not with humans suggest a substantial gap in the organization of the primate's DMN and its associated cognitive functions.
Published: 2022

10. Ability to Care for an Ill Loved One During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: Mediators of Informal Caregivers’ Stress in Europe

Author: Shadya Monteiro, Margot Fournier, Jérôme Favrod, Anne-Laure Drainville, Léa Plessis, Sylvie Freudiger, Krzysztof Skuza, Charlene Tripalo, Nicolas Franck, Marie-Clotilde Lebas, Jocelyn Deloyer, Hélène Wilquin, Philippe Golay, Shyhrete Rexhaj, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Laboratoire de psychologie clinique, de psychopathologie et de psychanalyse (LPCPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: lockdown, Psychiatry and Mental health, perceived stress, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, informal caregiver, COVID-19, mental health, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; Informal caregivers are overlooked, healthcare actors. They are at particular risk of distress and suffer from poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate the perceived stress and modulating factors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Europe, regardless of the illness that care recipients suffer from. Sociodemographic data, coping resources, and perceived stress level using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaire were assessed using a web-based survey in Switzerland, France, and Belgium with 232 informal caregivers. Mediation analyses were used to identify the factors that modulate stress. Higher perceived stress among informal caregivers was associated with a younger age for the care recipient, family relationship with the care recipient, cohabitation, and female sex of the informal caregiver. These associations were partially mediated by the fear of getting ill (age, cohabitation), the conviction that lockdowns had a negative impact on health (age, kinship), and the perceived deterioration of the care recipient’s health (gender). The fear of losing the ability to cope with caregiving tasks due to an illness (COVID-19 and/or other) and the negative impact of the lockdown on care recipients’ health, particularly on the mental health of young care recipients, increased the stress of informal caregivers. Our results emphasize the importance of informal caregiving support to prevent heightened stress in lockdown conditions, regardless of care recipient illness or kinship.
Published: 2022

11. Safety and efficacy of riluzole in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in France (ATRIL): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Giulia Coarelli, Anna Heinzmann, Claire Ewenczyk, Clara Fischer, Marie Chupin, Marie-Lorraine Monin, Hortense Hurmic, Fabienne Calvas, Patrick Calvas, Cyril Goizet, Stéphane Thobois, Mathieu Anheim, Karine Nguyen, David Devos, Christophe Verny, Vito A G Ricigliano, Jean-François Mangin, Alexis Brice, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Alexandra Durr, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Building large instruments for neuroimaging: from population imaging to ultra-high magnetic fields (BAOBAB), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (Bordeaux) (U1211 INSERM/MRGM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Marseille, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), and Coarelli, Giulia
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundRiluzole has been reported to be beneficial in patients with cerebellar ataxia; however, effectiveness in individual subtypes of disease is unclear due to heterogeneity in participants' causes and stages of disease. Our aim was to test riluzole in a single genetic disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 2.MethodsWe did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the ATRIL study) at eight national reference centres for rare diseases in France that were part of the Neurogene National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases. Participants were patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 with an age at disease onset of up to 50 years and a scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) score of at least 5 and up to 26. Patients were randomly assigned centrally (1:1) to receive either riluzole 50 mg orally or placebo twice per day for 12 months. Two visits, at baseline and at 12 months, included clinical measures and 3T brain MRI. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients whose SARA score improved by at least 1 point. Analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population (all participants who were randomly assigned) and were done with only the observed data (complete case analysis). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03347344) and has been completed.FindingsBetween Jan 18, 2018, and June 14, 2019, we enrolled 45 patients. 22 patients were randomly assigned to receive riluzole and 23 to receive placebo. Median age was 42 years (IQR 36–57) in the riluzole group and 49 years (40–56) in the placebo group and 23 (51%) participants were women. All participants presented with moderate-stage disease, characterised by a median SARA score of 13·5 (IQR 9·5–16·5). The primary endpoint, SARA score improvement of at least 1 point after 12 months, was observed in seven patients (32%) in the treated group versus nine patients (39%) in the placebo group, with a mean difference of −10·3% (95% CI −37·4% to 19·2%; p=0·75). SARA score showed a median increase (ie, worsening) of 0·5 points (IQR −1·5 to 1·5) in the riluzole group versus 0·3 points (−1·0 to 2·5) in the placebo group (p=0·70). No serious adverse event was reported in the riluzole-treated group whereas four patients in placebo group had a serious adverse event (hepatic enzyme increase, fracture of external malleolus, rectorrhagia, and depression). The number of patients with adverse events was similar in both groups (riluzole 16 [73%] patients vs placebo 19 [83%] patients; p=0·49).InterpretationWe were able to recruit 45 patients moderately affected by spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 for this trial. Riluzole did not improve clinical or radiological outcomes in these patients. However, our findings provide data on progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 that might prove to be valuable for the design of other clinical trials.
Published: 2022

12. Visual perception grounding of social cognition in preverbal infants

Author: Goupil, Nicolas, Papeo, Liuba, Hochmann, Jean‐Rémy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ)
Subjects: Social Cognition, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Cognition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Visual Perception, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Infant, human activities, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Social life is inherently relational, entailing the ability to recognize and monitor not only the social entities in the visual world, but also the relations between those entities. In the first months of life, visual perception already shows to privilege -i.e., to process with the highest priority and efficiency- socially relevant entities such as faces and bodies. Here, we show that within the sixth month of life, infants also discriminate between different configurations of multiple human bodies, based on the internal visuo-spatial relations between bodies, cuing, or not, interaction. We measured the differential looking times between two images of the same body dyad, differing only for the relative spatial positioning of the two bodies. Results showed that infants discriminated between face-to-face and back-to-back body dyads (Experiment 1), and treated face-to-face dyads (but not back-to-back dyads) with the same efficiency (i.e., processing speed) of single bodies (Experiment 2). Looking times for dyads with one body facing another without reciprocation, were comparable to looking times for face-to-face dyads, and differed from looking times to back-to-back dyads, suggesting a general discrimination between presence versus absence of relation (Experiment 3). Infants' discrimination of images based on relative positioning of items was selective to body dyads, and did not generalize to body-object pairs (Experiment 4). We suggest that the infants' early sensitivity to the relative positioning of bodies in a scene is a building block of social cognition, preparing the discovery of the keel and backbone of social life: relations.
Published: 2022
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13. Toward next-generation primate neuroscience: A collaboration-based strategic plan for integrative neuroimaging

Author: David C. Van Essen, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Takuro Ikeda, Shaomin Zhang, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Ning Liu, Aidan Murphy, Li Min Chen, Pinglei Bao, Julia Lehman, Yuki Hori, Pengcheng Li, Julien Vezoli, Peter H. Rudebeck, Yao Meng, Julian 'Bene' Ramirez, Pierre Pouget, Guillermo Gallardo, Rogier B. Mars, Charles E. Schroeder, Minqing Jiang, Steve Frey, Michael P. Milham, Mohammad Hadi Aarabi, Pascal Belin, Patrick Friedrich, Bichan Wu, Hector Figueroa, Ye He, Charles L. Wilson, Melanie Wilke, Eunha Baeg, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Danny Garside, Marco Pagani, Ting-Yat Wong, Igor Kagan, Abdelhadi Essamlali, Bharat B. Biswal, Wasana Ediri Arachchi, Julio Villalon, Zheng Wang, Kacie Dougherty, Neo Sunhang Shi, Luciano Simone, Roberto Toro, Benjamin Jung, Masaki Fukunaga, Zhanguang Zuo, Loïc Magrou, Xiaowei Song, Kadharbatcha S. Saleem, Michele A. Basso, Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal, Chihiro Yokoyama, Aaron Tanenbaum, Brian E. Russ, Alexandre Rosa Franco, Alison R. Weiss, Isabel Restrepo, Alan C. Evans, Lixia Gao, Nobuyuki Kimura, Augix Guohua Xu, Piotr Majka, Colline Poirier, Justine Cléry, Bassem Hiba, Alessandro Gozzi, Xiaojie Wang, Nick Upright, Stan Colcombe, Yang Gao, Won Mok Shim, Eduardo Rojas Hortelano, Takuya Hayashi, Anna S. Mitchell, Andrew F. Rossi, Itamar Kahn, Jorge Jaramillo, Henry C. Evrard, Xin Yumeng, Gregory Kiar, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Elise Roger, Roberto A. Gulli, Yufan Wang, Damien A. Fair, Yuguang Zhao, Stephen J. Sawiak, Boris C. Bernhardt, Ulysse Klatzmann, Ashkan Alvand, Kep Kee Loh, David Schaeffer, Virginie Sivan, Daniel S. Margulies, Carly M. Drzewiecki, Tomoko Sakai, Ting Xu, Cirong Liu, Essa Yacoub, Theresa M. Desrochers, Seok-Jun Hong, Sethu Boopathy, Reza Azadi, Lu Yuheng, Aarit Ahuja, Zhifeng Liang, Elena Borra, Fernanda Ponce, Robert Dahnke, Julien Sein, Li Deying, Jitendra Sharma, A.J. Mitchell, Roger Little, Luqi Cheng, Du Xiao, Choong-Wan Woo, Xinhui Li, Chris Petkov, Ruiliang Bai, D Zaldivar, Sheyla Mejia, Haidong D. Lu, Nikoloz Sirmpilatze, Diego Emanuel Ortuzar Martinez, Suzanne N. Haber, Catherine Elorette, Yue Cui, Michael Hawrylycz, Jerome Sallet, Wim Vanduffel, Daniel R. Glen, Ralph Adolphs, Dongrong Xu, Simon Clavagnier, Rakshit Dadarwal, Marzio Gerbella, Hannah Doyle, Ningrong Ye, Xiaojin Liu, Xinyu Liu, Quansheng He, Christopher R. Madan, Vikas Pareek, James Cavanaugh, Sze Chai Kwok, Zhang Ying, Sam Vickery, Xiaoguang Tian, Zhou Xufeng, Bevil R. Conway, Mark Postans, Wei-an Sheng, Gianfranco Chavez, Rober Boshra, Yuki Kikuchi, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Céline Amiez, Felix Hoffstaedter, Elizabeth A. Buffalo, Amy Howard, Hsin-Yi Lai, Marianne Duyck, Samy Rima, Froesel Mathilda, Towela Mvula, Guilherme Freches, Alfonso Fajardo, Maria de la Iglesia-Vaya, Ana Rita Ribeiro Gomes, Xiongjie Yu, Afonso C. Silva, Andrew S. Fox, Long Cao, Anna W. Roe, Meizhen Qian, David Meunier, Erika Raven, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher, Jordy Tasserie, Joonas A. Autio, Francois Chouinard-Decorte, Hank P. Jedema, Shasha Yue, Xinjian Li, Xiaodong Chen, Kathleen Rockland, Satoka Hashimoto Fujimoto, Amiez Celine, Melina Cordeau, Olivier Coulon, Ravi S. Menon, Sandra Gonzalez Torrecilla, Bjørg Elisabeth Kilavik, Adam Messinger, Hecheng Jin, Steven Giavasis, Pierce Perkins, Conor Liston, Yujie Hou, Jakob Seidlitz, Kelly Shen, Yvonne Bennett, Franck Lamberton, Maxime Gaudet-Trafit, Suliann Ben Hamed, Chris Klink, Sabine Kastner, Lucas R. Trambaiolli, Lucija Jankovic-Rapan, Atsushi Fujimoto, Nadira Yusif Rodriguez, Maeva Gacoin, Amir Shmuel, Katja Heuer, Austin K. Behel, Susann Boretius, Paul A. Taylor, Child Mind Institute, Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tübingen, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Consortium, PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange (PRIME-DRE) Global Collaboration Workshop and, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Monash University [Clayton], Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University [Nijmegen], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Newcastle University [Newcastle], McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL)
Subjects: Strategic planning, 0303 health sciences, Open science, biology, Action, intention, and motor control, Resource exchange, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Neuroscience(all), General Neuroscience, Nonhuman primate, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, biology.animal, Primate, Beacon - Precision Imaging, ddc:610, Psychology, Neuroscience, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 239574.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Open science initiatives are creating opportunities to increase research coordination and impact in nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange community recently developed a collaboration-based strategic plan to advance NHP imaging as an integrative approach for multiscale neuroscience. 5 p.
Published: 2022

14. Degenerate pathway for processing smile and other emotional expressions in congenital facial palsy: an hdEEG investigation

Author: Paola Sessa, Arianna Schiano Lomoriello, Gian Marco Duma, Giovanni Mento, Elisa De Stefani, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Motor simulation, Moebius syndrome, facial expressions, facial mimicry, facial palsy, motor simulation, sensorimotor simulation, Emotions, Facial Paralysis, Recognition, Psychology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Facial expressions, Mobius Syndrome, Facial Expression, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Sensorimotor simulation, Humans, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Facial mimicry, Facial palsy
Abstract: Influential theoretical models argue that an internal simulation mechanism (motor or sensorimotor simulation) supports the recognition of facial expressions. However, despite numerous converging sources of evidence, recent studies testing patients with congenital facial palsy (i.e. Moebius syndrome) seem to refute these theoretical models. However, these results do not consider the principles of neuroplasticity and degeneracy that could support the involvement of an alternative neural processing pathway in these patients. In the present study, we tested healthy participants and participants with Moebius syndrome in a highly sensitive facial expression discrimination task and concomitant high-density electroencephalographic recording. The results, both at the scalp and source levels, indicate the activation of two different pathways of facial expression processing in healthy participants and participants with Moebius syndrome, compatible, respectively, with a dorsal pathway that includes premotor areas and a ventral pathway. Therefore, these results support the reactivation of sensorimotor representations of facial expressions (i.e. simulation) in healthy subjects, in the place of an alternative processing pathway in subjects with congenital facial palsy. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
Published: 2022

15. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with a pathological expansion in the ATXN7 gene

Author: Florent Cluse, Emilien Bernard, Isabelle Strubi-Vuillaume, David Devos, Kevin Mouzat, Serge Lumbroso, Caroline Froment Tilikete, StÉphane Thobois, Antoine Pegat, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Département de neurologie [Lille], Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Neurology, Polyglutamine expansion, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Motor neuron disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ataxin-7 gene
Abstract: International audience; Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal dominant hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a CAG-repeat in the ataxin-7 (ATXN7) gene, usually characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and retinal dystrophy. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman presenting with a rapid-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype associated with a 39-CAG-repeat expansion in ATXN7. This patient had neither ataxia nor retinal dystrophy, but she had an oculomotor cerebellar syndrome and a family history suggestive of SCA7. In SCA7, shorter expansions may be associated with less severe and incomplete clinical phenotypes, which could explain the patient's phenotype. Unknown genetic and environmental factors may also influence the patient's phenotype. We suggest that a pathological expansion in ATXN7 should be considered in cases of ALS-like phenotype, particularly when associated with oculomotor abnormalities or a family history of ataxia or blindness.
Published: 2021

16. Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage

Author: Natalie Uomini, Liran Samuni, Sven Grawunder, Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Roman M. Wittig, Tatiana Bortolato, Catherine Crockford, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 679787,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ApeAttachment(2016), Harvard University [Cambridge], and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC)
Subjects: evolution evolution of language, Lineage (genetic), Pan troglodytes, Voice Quality, speech, media_common.quotation_subject, evolution of language, formants, Biology, Space (commercial competition), primate, Speech Acoustics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, chimpanzees, 0302 clinical medicine, Phonetics, Vowel, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, 10. No inequality, Research Articles, media_common, 05 social sciences, Articles, Acoustics, Common framework, behaviour, hominoid, Formant, Evolutionary biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The origins of human speech are obscure; it is still unclear what aspects are unique to our species or shared with our evolutionary cousins, in part due to a lack of a common framework for comparison. We asked what chimpanzee and human vocal production acoustics have in common. We examined visible supra-laryngeal articulators of four major chimpanzee vocalizations (hoos, grunts, barks, screams) and their associated acoustic structures, using techniques from human phonetic and animal communication analysis. Data were collected from wild adult chimpanzees, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Both discriminant and principal component classification procedures revealed classification of call types. Discriminating acoustic features include voice quality and formant structure, mirroring phonetic features in human speech. Chimpanzee lip and jaw articulation variables also offered similar discrimination of call types. Formant maps distinguished call types with different vowel-like sounds. Comparing our results with published primate data, humans show less F1–F2 correlation and further expansion of the vowel space, particularly for [i] sounds. Unlike recent studies suggesting monkeys achieve human vowel space, we conclude from our results that supra-laryngeal articulatory capacities show moderate evolutionary change, with vowel space expansion continuing through hominoid evolution. Studies on more primate species will be required to substantiate this.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’.
Published: 2021

17. Investigating non lexical markers of the language of schizophrenia in spontaneous conversations

Author: Chuyuan Li, Maxime Amblard, Chloé Braud, Caroline Demily, Nicolas Franck, Michel Musiol, Semantic Analysis of Natural Language (SEMAGRAMME), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française (ATILF), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPER LCHN (Contrat de Plan État-Région - Langues, Connaissances et Humanités Numériques) soutenu par l’État, la région Lorraine et par l’Union européenne dans la cadre du Contrat de Plan État-Région (CPER), programmation 2014–2020, Grid5000, ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), and ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; We investigate linguistic markers associated with schizophrenia in clinical conversations by detecting predictive features among Frenchspeaking patients. Dealing with humanhuman dialogues makes for a realistic situation, but it calls for strategies to represent the context and face data sparsity. We compare different approaches for data representation-from individual speech turns to entire conversations-, and data modeling, using lexical, morphological, syntactic, and discourse features, dimensions presumed to be tightly connected to the language of schizophrenia. Previous English models were mostly lexical and reached high performance, here replicated (93.7% acc.). However, our analysis reveals that these models are heavily biased, which probably concerns most datasets on this task. Our new delexicalized models are more general and robust, with the best accuracy score at 77.9%.
Published: 2021

18. THN 102 for excessive daytime sleepiness associated with Parkinson's disease: a phase 2a trial

Author: Jean-Christophe, Corvol, Jean-Philippe, Azulay, Björn, Bosse, Yves, Dauvilliers, Luc, Defebvre, Fabian, Klostermann, Norbert, Kovacs, David, Maltête, William G, Ondo, Rajesh, Pahwa, Werner, Rein, Stéphane, Thobois, Martin, Valis, Aleksandar, Videnovic, Olivier, Rascol, Katarina, Zárubová, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NS-Park/FCRIN Network, UMS 015, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de neurologie [Lille], Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Pécs Medical School (UP MS), University of Pecs, Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Center for neurogenetics [Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of Kansas Medical Center [Kansas City, KS, USA], Theranexus [Lyon], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), THN102-202 Study Investigators: Jean-Christophe Corvol, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Marek Baláž, Ralf Bodenschatz, Magdolna Bokor, Hana Brožová, Yves Dauvilliers, Luc Defebvre, Ondraj Fiala, Andràs Folyovich, Heinz Peter Herbst, Fabian Klostermann, Norbert Kovacs, Julianna Lajtos, Paul Lingor, David Maltête, Christian Oehlwein, Rajesh Pahwa, Jan Peregrin, Olivier Rascol, Daniela Rau, Ali Safavi, Joachim Springub, Jindra Svátová, Stéphane Thobois, Univ Lyon, Martin Valis, Làszlo Vécsei, Aleksandar Videnovic, Olga Waln, Katarina Zárubová, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Département de neurologie[Lille], Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of Kansas Medical Center [Lawrence], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Parkinson's disease, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Placebo, sleepiness, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modafinil, Parkinson Disease, clinical trial, medicine.disease, Crossover study, 3. Good health, flecainide, Clinical trial, Drug Combinations, Neurology, Anesthesia, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, modafinil, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent and disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) without approved treatment. THN102 is a novel combination drug of modafinil and low-dose flecainide.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of THN102 in PD patients with EDS.MethodsThe method involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial testing two doses of THN102 (200 mg/d modafinil with 2 mg/d [200/2] or 18 mg/d flecainide [200/18]) versus placebo; 75 patients were exposed to treatment. The primary endpoint was safety. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score.ResultsBoth doses of THN102 were well tolerated. ESS significantly improved with THN102 200/2 (least square means vs. placebo [95% confidence interval, CI]: −1.4 [−2.49; −0.31], P = 0.012) but did not change significantly with the 200/18 dosage.ConclusionsTHN102 was well tolerated and showed a signal of efficacy at the 200/2 dose, supporting further development for the treatment of EDS in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Published: 2021

19. Recommandations pour la pratique clinique : « Interventions pendant la période périnatale ». Chapitre 7 : La mise en place des liens d’attachement du nouveau-né selon ses rythmes et besoins, l’accompagnement adapté des parents

Author: Dugravier, Romain, Molenat, françoise, Fourneret, Pierre, Salinier-Rolland, Catherine, Centre de psychopathologie Périnatale, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Association de Formation et de Recherche sur l’Enfant et son Environnement (AFREE), Société francophone de psychologie périnatale, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Collège National des Sages-Femmes de France, and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ)
Subjects: liens d’attachement, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Sommeil du bébé, cris du nouveau-né, dépression périnatale, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, soutien parental
Abstract: Les rythmes de veille et de sommeil d’un nouveau-né sont très spécifiques, neurologiquement déterminés, différents du rythme des adultes et nécessitent une réponse adaptée et prévisible des parents. Cette réponse favorise les liens d’attachement, qui se construisent aux étapes précoces du développement, et influenceront la qualité des relations psychoaffectives ultérieures et l’adaptation aux évènements de la vie. Cette adaptabilité de la parentalité sera soutenue par un accompagnement pluri-professionnel dès la période périnatale, attaché au dépistage et à la prise en charge des vulnérabilités psychiques.
Published: 2021

20. L’enfance du pouvoir: Une question de genre ?

Author: Charafeddine, Rawan, van Der Henst, Jean-Baptiste, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van Der Henst, Jean-Baptiste, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology
Abstract: Gender studies have largely described social practices that lead to an imbalance of power between girls and boys during childhood. However, little is known about how children represent asymmetries in mixed-gender relationships. Do they expect that males are more likely to exert power on females than vice versa? And if so, does this awareness change depending on children’s age, gender, or the country in which they grow up? We present herein an empirical study, recently published in Sex Roles , that addresses these issues. This study included 3- to 6-year-old children, and showed that children from different countries (Norway, Lebanon, France) associate power and masculinity, although it also indicates that girls are less inclined than boys to make this association. We then discuss the worries that children’s beliefs of a gendered power may elicit., Les études de genre ont largement décrit les pratiques sociales qui conduisent, dès l’enfance, à un déséquilibre de pouvoir entre les filles et les garçons. On sait cependant peu de choses sur la manière dont les enfants eux-mêmes se représentent ce déséquilibre. Ont-ils la conscience de la fréquence plus importante du pouvoir masculin ? Et si oui, cette conscience change-t-elle en fonction de l’âge, du genre de l’enfant ou du pays dans lequel il grandit ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, nous présentons et discutons une étude empirique récente, qui montre que, dès 4 ans, des enfants issus de pays différents (Norvège, Liban, France) associent pouvoir et masculinité, mais que les filles sont moins enclines que les garçons à faire cette association. Nous examinons ensuite les craintes que les croyances enfantines d’un pouvoir genré peuvent susciter.
Published: 2021

21. Spatial relations trigger visual binding of people

Author: Liuba Papeo, Parvaneh Adibpour, Jean-Rémy Hochmann, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Hochmann, Jean-Remy, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-16-CE28-0006,TACTIC,Penser sans Mots: La Pensée Abstraite et Combinatoire chez le Nourrisson et l'Enfant(2016), and Papeo, Liuba
Subjects: Male, Visual perception, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Social Interaction, Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Orientation, Spatial, Human Body, medicine.diagnostic_test, Mechanism (biology), [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Representation (systemics), [SCCO] Cognitive science, Social relation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Spatial relation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Visual Perception, Female, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Cues, Percept, Psychology, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Dyad, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: To navigate the social world, humans must represent social entities, and the relationships between those entities, starting with spatial relationships. Recent research suggests that two bodies are processed with particularly high efficiency in visual perception, when they are in a spatial positioning that cues interaction, i.e. close and face-to-face. Socially relevant spatial relations such as facingness may facilitate visual perception by triggering grouping of bodies into a new integrated percept, which would make the stimuli more visible and easier to process. We used electroencephalography and a frequency-tagging paradigm to measure a neural correlate of grouping (or visual binding), while female and male participants saw images of two bodies face-to-face or back-to-back. The two bodies in a dyad flickered at frequency F1 and F2, respectively, and appeared together at a third frequency Fd (dyad frequency). This stimulation should elicit a periodic neural response for each body at F1 and F2, and a third response at Fd, which would be larger for face-to-face (vs. back-to-back) bodies, if those stimuli yield additional integrative processing. Results showed that responses at F1 and F2 were higher for upright than for inverted bodies, demonstrating that our paradigm could capture neural activity associated with viewing bodies. Crucially, the response to dyads at Fd was larger for face-to-face (vs. back-to-back) dyads, suggesting integration mediated by grouping. We propose that spatial relations that recur in social interaction (i.e., facingness) promote binding of multiple bodies into a new representation. This mechanism can explain how the visual system contributes to integrating and transforming the representation of disconnected body-shapes into structured representations of social events.
Published: 2021

22. The Distinct Impact of Information and Incentives on Cheating

Author: Benistant, Julien, Galeotti, Fabio, Villeval, Marie Claire, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, dishonesty, 050208 finance, peer effects, experiment, M52, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, feedback, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, D83, Dishonesty, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M5 - Personnel Economics/M.M5.M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, C92, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, competitive incentives, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: We study a dynamic variant of the die-under-the-cup task where players can repeatedly misreport the outcomes of consecutive die rolls to earn more money, either under a non- competitive piece rate scheme or in a two-player competitive tournament. In this dynamic setting we test (i) whether giving continuous feedback (vs. final ex post feedback) on the opponent's reported outcome to both players encourages cheating behavior, and (ii) to what extent this influence depends on the incentive scheme in use (piece rate vs. tournament). We also vary whether the opponent is able to cheat or not. We find that people lie more when placed in a competitive rather than a non-competitive setting, but only if both players can cheat in the tournament. Continuous feedback on the counterpart's reports increases cheating under the piece-rate scheme but not in a competitive setting. Our results provide new insights on the role that feedback plays on cheating behavior in dynamic settings under different payment schemes, and shed light on the origins of the effect of competition on dishonesty.
Published: 2021

23. Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging

Author: Charles W. Bradberry, Yujiang Wang, Yihong Yang, Xiaowei Song, Suliann Ben Hamed, Nathan Kindred, Hugo Merchant, Pamela Garcia-Saldivar, Adrien Meguerditchian, Hank P. Jedema, Elliot A. Stein, Colline Poirier, Behavioral Pharmacology and Genetics Section [Baltimore, MD, USA] ( Intramural Research Program), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute on Drug Abuse [Baltimore, MD, USA], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Station de primatologie (SP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ)
Subjects: Primates, Aging, Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Development, Brain Structure and Function, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neuroimaging, Development, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Longitudinal Studies, Non human primate, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Functional Neuroimaging, 05 social sciences, Non-human primate, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ageing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neurology, Templates, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Simulation, RC321-571
Abstract: Highlights • Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate MRI are described. • Statistical power calculation of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs are provided. • The impact of template choice on grey matter estimation is demonstrated. • Recommendations for designing and analysing such studies are provided., Longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of primate brain structure and function. Here we describe its specific strengths, compared to both cross-sectional non-human primate neuroimaging and longitudinal human neuroimaging, but also its associated challenges. We elaborate on factors guiding the use of different analytical tools, subject-specific versus age-specific templates for analyses, and issues related to statistical power.
Published: 2021

24. Preoperative REM sleep behavior disorder and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation outcome in Parkinson disease 1 year after surgery

Author: Isabelle Benatru, Dominique Guehl, Philippe Derost, Stéphane Thobois, David Devos, Franck Durif, Elodie Durand, Mélissa Tir, Ouhaid Lagha-Boukbiza, Elodie Hainque, Elsa Besse-Pinot, Caroline Giordana, Jean-Christophe Corvol, B. Debilly, David Maltête, Tiphaine Rouaud, Sophie Drapier, Lucie Hopes, Bruno Pereira, Ana Marques, Cécile Hubsch, Maria Livia Fantini, Olivier Rascol, Alexandre Eusebio, Caroline Moreau, Anne-Sophie Rolland, Béchir Jarraya, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité de Biostatistiques [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Lille, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Neurologie [CHU Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d’Excellence en Maladies Neurodégénératives (NeuroToul), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de Neurologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hopital Civil, Service de Neurologie [CHU Nice], Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé, The study was funded by the France Parkinson charity and French Ministry of Health (PHRC National 2012) and promoted by CHU Lille (coordinated by Pr Devos and Pr Corvol) with the support of the French network NS-PARK and supported by NS-PARK/F-CRIN and the Fédération de la Recherche Clinique du CHU de Lille., Marques, Ana, CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, École d’Orthoptie - Clermont-Ferrand (EO - UdA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Service de Neurologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], Service de neurologie et pathologie du mouvement, Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy (CHU Nancy), Hôpital de la Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain]-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Deep Brain Stimulation, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Disease, Risk Assessment, REM sleep behavior disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Subthalamic Nucleus, Rating scale, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Prospective cohort study, business.industry, Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, Parkinson Disease, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Preoperative Period, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Background and ObjectivesTo determine whether patients with Parkinson disease (PD) eligible for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) with probable REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) preoperatively could be more at risk of poorer motor, nonmotor, and quality of life outcomes 12 months after surgery compared to those without RBD.MethodsWe analyzed the preoperative clinical profile of 448 patients with PD from a French multicentric prospective study (PREDISTIM) according to the presence or absence of probable RBD based on the RBD Single Question and RBD Screening Questionnaire. Among the 215 patients with PD with 12 months of follow-up after STN-DBS, we compared motor, cognitive, psycho-behavioral profile, and quality of life outcomes in patients with (pre-opRBD+) or without (pre-opRBD–) probable RBD preoperatively.ResultsAt preoperative evaluation, pre-opRBD+ patients were older (61 ± 7.2 vs 59.5 ± 7.7 years; p = 0.02), had less motor impairment (Movement Disorder Society–sponsored version of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] III “off”: 38.7 ± 16.2 vs 43.4 ± 7.1; p = 0.03) but more nonmotor symptoms on daily living activities (MDS-UPDRS I: 12.6 ± 5.5 vs 10.7 ± 5.3; p < 0.001), had more psychobehavioral manifestations (Ardouin Scale of Behavior in Parkinson's Disease total: 7.7 ± 5.1 vs 5.1 ± 0.4; p = 0.003), and had worse quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire–39: 33 ± 12 vs 29 ± 12; p = 0.03), as compared to pre-opRBD– patients. Both pre-opRBD+ and pre-opRBD– patients had significant MDS-UPDRS IV score decrease (−37% and −33%, respectively), MDS-UPDRS III “med ‘off’/stim ‘on’” score decrease (−52% and −54%), and dopaminergic treatment decrease (−52% and −49%) after surgery, with no between-group difference. There was no between-group difference for cognitive and global quality of life outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients with PD eligible for STN-DBS, the presence of probable RBD preoperatively is not associated with a different clinical outcome 1 year after neurosurgery.Trial Registration InformationNCT02360683.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that in patients with PD eligible for STN-DBS, the presence of probable RBD preoperatively is not associated with poorer outcomes 1 year post surgery.
Published: 2021

25. Dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in Myoclonus dystonia

Author: Vanessa Brochard, Cyril Atkinson-Clement, Yulia Worbe, David Grabli, Stéphane Thobois, Jean‐Michel Pedespan, Nicolas Wattiez, Christine Tranchant, Romain Valabregue, Pierre Krystkoviak, Emmanuel Roze, Bertrand Degos, Clément Tarrano, Emmanuelle Apartis, Charlotte Rosso, Cécile Delorme, Camille-Albane Porte, Luc Defebvre, Jean-Luc Houeto, Marie Vidailhet, Eavan McGovern, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Pierre Pouget, Adrian Degardin, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'investigation clinique Neurosciences [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC Neurosciences), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), St Vincent's University Hospital, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Paris Seine-Saint-Denis [Bobigny], CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], CHU Amiens-Picardie, CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires - U 1171 (TCDV), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie - UFR Santé (UNICAEN Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'investigation clinique pluridisciplinaire [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC-P 1421), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CHU Lille, Service de Neurologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Atkinson-Clement, Cyril, Service de pédiatrie, CHU Pellegrin, Département de neurologie[Lille], Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de neurologie et pathologie du mouvement, Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and ANR-18-CE37-0008,CADETS,Cognition et développement cérébral chez adolescents avec Syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette(2018)
Subjects: Male, Myoclonus, 0301 basic medicine, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Stop signal, Synaptic Transmission, Comorbidities, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dystonia, Multidisciplinary, Inhibition, Psychological, Dystonic Disorders, Proactive Inhibition, Neurological manifestations, Facilitation, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, Dissociative Disorders, Globus Pallidus, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Movement disorders, Reactive inhibition, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Reactive Inhibition, [SCCO] Cognitive science, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, nervous system, lcsh:Q, business, Neurological disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a syndrome characterized by myoclonus of subcortical origin and dystonia, frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The motor and psychiatric phenotypes of this syndrome likely result from cortico-striato-thamalo-cerebellar-cortical pathway dysfunction. We hypothesized that reactive and proactive inhibitory control may be altered in these patients. Using the Stop Signal Task, we assessed reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 21) deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna and compared their performance to matched healthy controls (n = 24). Reactive inhibition was considered as the ability to stop an already initiated action and measured using the stop signal reaction time. Proactive inhibition was assessed through the influence of several consecutive GO or STOP trials on decreased response time or inhibitory process facilitation. The proactive inhibition was solely impaired in unoperated MD patients. Patients with deep brain stimulation showed impairment in reactive inhibition, independent of presence of obsessive–compulsive disorders. This impairment in reactive inhibitory control correlated with intrinsic severity of myoclonus (i.e. pre-operative score). The results point to a dissociation in reactive and proactive inhibitory control in MD patients with and without deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna.
Published: 2020

26. Isolated parkinsonism is an atypical presentation of GRN and C9orf72 gene mutations Authors

Author: Florence Cormier, Timothée Lenglet, Alexis Brice, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Fabienne Clot, Vincent Deramecourt, Karl Mondon, Dario Saracino, Stéphane Thobois, Vincent Huin, Aurélie Méneret, Emilie Beaufils, Cécile Delorme, Audrey Gabelle, Fábio Carneiro, Marie Vidailhet, Isabelle Le Ber, Mélissa Tir, Marie-Odile Habert, Daniela Andriuta, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), UF Neurométabolique Bioclinique et Génétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Tours (UT), Service de neurologie [Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, The research leading to these results received funding from the 'Investissements d'avenir' ANR-11-INBS-0011. This work was funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) FTLD-exome (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris) and by PHRC Predict-PGRN (to ILB, promotion by Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris)., Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Tours
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Parkinson's disease, TDP-43, Disease, Bioinformatics, Progranulins, 0302 clinical medicine, C9orf72, Age of Onset, Family history, PSP, Parkinsonism, Parkinson Disease, FTD, Middle Aged, Pedigree, 3. Good health, Neurology, Frontotemporal Dementia, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], FTLD, GRN, Frontotemporal dementia, CBS, 03 medical and health sciences, Parkinsonian Disorders, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Aged, C9orf72 Protein, business.industry, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, FOS: Biological sciences, Mutation, Etiology, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction A phenotype of isolated parkinsonism mimicking Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) is a rare clinical presentation of GRN and C9orf72 mutations, the major genetic causes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It still remains controversial if this association is fortuitous or not, and which clinical clues could reliably suggest a genetic FTD etiology in IPD patients. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of FTD mutation carriers presenting with IPD phenotype, provide neuropathological evidence of the mutation's causality, and specifically address their “red flags” according to current IPD criteria. Methods Seven GRN and C9orf72 carriers with isolated parkinsonism at onset, and three patients from the literature were included in this study. To allow better delineation of their phenotype, the presence of supportive, exclusion and “red flag” features from MDS criteria were analyzed for each case. Results Amongst the ten patients (5 GRN, 5 C9orf72), seven fulfilled probable IPD criteria during all the disease course, while behavioral/language or motoneuron dysfunctions occurred later in three. Disease duration was longer and dopa-responsiveness was more sustained in C9orf72 than in GRN carriers. Subtle motor features, cognitive/behavioral changes, family history of dementia/ALS were suggestive clues for a genetic diagnosis. Importantly, neuropathological examination in one patient revealed typical TDP-43-inclusions without alpha-synucleinopathy, thus demonstrating the causal link between FTD mutations, TDP-43-pathology and PD phenotype. Conclusion We showed that, altogether, family history of early-onset dementia/ALS, the presence of cognitive/behavioral dysfunction and subtle motor characteristics are atypical features frequently present in the parkinsonian presentations of GRN and C9orf72 mutations.
Published: 2020

27. Théorie de l'esprit pendant l'enfance: Examen des contributions syntaxiques et exécutives

Author: Anne Reboul, Stephanie Durrleman, Monica Baciu, Morgane Burnel, Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti, Arnaud Carre, Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Département de linguistique, Faculté des lettres, Université de Genève, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Santé mentale et santé publique (SMSP - U1178), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Reboul, Anne, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, False belief, 05 social sciences, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, Executive functions, Syntax, 050105 experimental psychology, Expression (mathematics), Developmental psychology, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Theory of mind, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics, Set (psychology), Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Both syntax and Executive Functions (EF) are involved in Theory-of-Mind (ToM) but their contributory roles have mainly been studied separately. Moreover, researchers have mostly administered False Belief (FB) tasks while they may not be representative of all ToM abilities. Studies of adults give valuable information regarding whether syntax and EF are useful for ToM reasoning (i.e., Reasoning account), however, only the study of children brings direct evidence in favor of ToM emergence (i.e., Emergence account). Also, because the ToM tasks used often entail verbal and executive demands, the links observed could mostly result from such confounds (i.e., Expression account). We evaluated ToM, syntactic and EF abilities in 126 children (3-11 y.o.) using a set of ToM tasks with minimal verbal and executive demands. Our goals were to assess (1) the hierarchical contribution of syntax and EF to ToM, (2) whether results previously obtained for FB tasks are representative of ToM in general, (3) whether the ToM-syntax and ToM-EF links are constant (i.e., Reasoning account) or decrease during development (i.e., Emergence accounts). Results of stepwise regression analyses showed a predominant role of syntax over EF to predict ToM abilities. The comparison of results for ToM and FB tasks showed that FB is not always representativeof ToM. Finally, there was no moderating effect of age on the syntax-ToM or EF-ToM relations, thus suggestive of the Reasoning account rather than the Emergence account.
Published: 2020

28. Right Temporoparietal Junction Underlies Avoidance of Moral Transgression in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Xiaolin Zhou, Brunno Machado de Campos, Brice Corgnet, Yangbo Hu, Alessandra M. Pereira, Fernando Cendes, Xiaoxue Gao, Jean-Claude Dreher, Edmund Derrington, emlyon business school, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), and business school, emlyon
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, media_common.quotation_subject, Temporoparietal junction, Theory of Mind, Context (language use), Morals, Representational similarity analysis, 050105 experimental psychology, neuroscience, 03 medical and health sciences, Judgment, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer Simulation, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, media_common, Final version, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, 16. Peace & justice, medicine.disease, Morality, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Moral Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Action (philosophy), Autism spectrum disorder, Autism, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Female, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a core deficit in theory-of-mind (ToM) ability, which extends to perturbations in moral judgment and decision-making. Although the function of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), a key neural marker of ToM and morality, is known to be altered in autistic individuals, the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying its specific impairment in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we addressed this question by employing a novel fMRI task together with computational modeling and representational similarity analysis (RSA). ASD patients and healthy controls (HC) decided in public or private whether to incur a personal cost for funding a morally-good cause (Good Context) or receive a personal gain for benefiting a morally-bad cause (Bad Context). Compared with HC, individuals with ASD were much more likely to reject the opportunity to earn ill-gotten money by supporting a bad cause than HC. Computational modeling revealed that this resulted from unduly weighing benefits for themselves and the bad cause, suggesting that ASD patients apply a rule of refusing to serve a bad cause because they over-evaluate the negative consequences of their actions. Moreover, RSA revealed a reduced rTPJ representation of the information specific to moral contexts in ASD patients. Together, these findings indicate the contribution of rTPJ in representing information concerning moral rules and provide new insights for the neurobiological basis underpinning moral behaviors illustrated by a specific dysfunction of rTPJ in ASD patients. Significance Previous investigations have found an altered pattern of moral behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), closely associated with a dysfunction in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). However, the specific neurocomputational mechanisms at play that drive the dysfunction of the rTPJ in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we show that ASD individuals are more inflexible when following a moral rule even though an immoral action can benefit themselves, and suffer an undue concern about their ill-gotten gains and the moral cost. Moreover, a selectively reduced rTPJ representation of information concerning moral rules was observed in ASD patients. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurobiological roots that underlie atypical moral behaviors in ASD patients. Editor9s Note: The authors have been made aware of concerns and are working to address them in proofs, before the final version of this article is published.
Published: 2020

29. Dedicated Representation of Others in the Macaque Frontal Cortex: From Action Monitoring and Prediction to Outcome Evaluation

Author: Rossella Cirillo, Lorenzo Ferrucci, Francesco Ceccarelli, Rossella Falcone, Simon Nougaret, Aldo Genovesio, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, European Project: 648734,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,HUMO(2016), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Frontal cortex, Process (engineering), Cognitive Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, action observation, Macaque, Outcome (game theory), frontal cortex, monkey, outcome, prediction, social, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, biology.animal, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, biology, self-others, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Representation (systemics), [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Brain, Neurophysiology, Frontal Lobe, Action (philosophy), Mentalization, Macaca, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Social neurophysiology has increasingly addressed how several aspects of self and other are distinctly represented in the brain. In social interactions, the self–other distinction is fundamental for discriminating one’s own actions, intentions, and outcomes from those that originate in the external world. In this paper, we review neurophysiological experiments using nonhuman primates that shed light on the importance of the self–other distinction, focusing mainly on the frontal cortex. We start by examining how the findings are impacted by the experimental paradigms that are used, such as the type of social partner or whether a passive or active interaction is required. Next, we describe the 2 sociocognitive systems: mirror and mentalizing. Finally, we discuss how the self–other distinction can occur in different domains to process different aspects of social information: the observation and prediction of others’ actions and the monitoring of others’ rewards.
Published: 2020

30. Tackling heterogeneity: Individual variability of emotion decoding deficits in severe alcohol use disorder

Author: Fabien D'Hondt, Pierre Maurage, Philippe de Timary, Elodie Peyroux, Baptiste Gaudelus, Séverine Lannoy, Arthur Pabst, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience [Lille] (CN2R), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], D'Hondt, Fabien, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and UCL - (SLuc) Service de psychiatrie adulte
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Contempt, Population, Emotions, Alcohol-dependence, Anger, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Social cognition, medicine, Humans, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, Facial expression, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Recognition, Psychology, Disgust, 030227 psychiatry, Sadness, Facial Expression, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Emotion recognition, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Facial Recognition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: International audience; Background: Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is associated with social cognition deficits. Patients with SAUD are impaired for the recognition of emotional facial expressions, particularly at early stages of abstinence. These deficits damage interpersonal relations and increase relapse risk. However, uncertainties still abound on their variation across emotions and on the heterogeneity of emotional impairments across patients. We addressed these questions by exploring how the deficit varies according to emotions' type/intensity and patients' heterogeneity.Methods: Sixty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched healthy controls performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Test, assessing the ability to identify six emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness) displayed by morphed faces with various intensities. Accuracy scores and detection thresholds were collected for each emotion. Beyond group comparisons, multiple single-case analyses determined the percentage of patients presenting decoding deficits for each emotion.Results: When current depression and anxiety symptoms were controlled for, patients did not present a general emotion decoding deficit, but were rather characterized by specific deficits for disgust/contempt in accuracy, and for disgust in detection threshold scores. Single-case analyses showed that only a third of patients presented a clinically significant emotional deficit.Conclusions: Patients with SAUD only present emotional decoding deficits for specific interpersonal emotions (disgust/contempt) when subclinical psychopathological states are controlled for, and show no general emotional impairment. This goes against the proposal of a generalized social cognition deficit in this population. This group effect moreover masks a massive heterogeneity across patients, which has implications at experimental and clinical levels.
Published: 2020

31. Improving social function with real-world social-cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Results from the RemedRugby quasi-experimental trial

Author: Isabelle Chereau, Fanny Melis, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Motassem Bakri, Thierry Lucas, Yohan Souchet, Emmanuelle Pages, Sophie Morel, F. Gabayet, Celine Roussel, Catherine Massoubre, Romain Rey, Julien Dubreucq, Mégane Faraldo, Titaua Challe, Bernard Ycart, B. Arnaud, Florian Carmona, G Legrand, Sylvie Pires, Philippe Lamy, Gentiane Cambier, Romain Pommier, Mickael Bacconnier, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale [CH Alpes Isère], Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Réseau Handicap Psychique RéHPSY, Statistique pour le Vivant et l’Homme (SVH), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Etablissement médical de La Teppe, Centre de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive, CH Drome Vivarais, Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé de la Savoie, REHALise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre Départemental de Réhabilitation Psychosociale des Glières, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Physical fitness, Psychological intervention, social cognitive remediation, Social Skills, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, touchrugby, Medicine, Humans, Social Behavior, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, business.industry, Aggression, Physical activity, Cognition, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Cognitive Remediation, 030227 psychiatry, 3. Good health, Exercise Therapy, schizophrenia, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, social function, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Psychosocial, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social cognitive theory, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Clinical psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Research Article
Abstract: Background.Functional capacity (FC) has been identified as a key outcome to improve real-world functioning in schizophrenia. FC is influenced by cognitive impairments, negative symptoms, self-stigma and reduced physical activity (PA). Psychosocial interventions targeting FC are still under-developed.Methods.we conducted a quasi-experimental study evaluating the effects of an exercise-enriched integrated social cognitive remediation (SCR) intervention (RemedRugby [RR]) compared with an active control group practicing Touch Rugby (TR). To our knowledge, this is the first trial to date evaluating the effectiveness of such a program provided in a real-life environment.Results.Eighty-seven people with schizophrenia were included and allocated to either the RR group (n= 57) or the TR group (n= 30) according to the routine clinical practice of the recruiting center. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and post-treatment in both groups and after 6 months of follow-up in the RR group using standardized scales for symptom severity, social functioning, self-stigma, and a large cognitive battery. After treatment we observed moderate to large improvements in social function (Personal and Social Performance Scale [PSP],p< 0.001,d= 1.255), symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] negative,p< 0.001,d= 0.827; PANSS GP,p< 0.001,d= 0.991; PANSS positive,p= 0.009,d= 0.594), verbal abstraction (p= 0.008,d= 0.554), aggression bias (p= 0.008,d= 0.627), and self-stigma (stereotype endorsement,p= 0.019,d= 0.495; discrimination experiences,p= 0.047;d= 0.389) that were specific to the RR group and were not observed in participants playing only TR. Effects were persistent over time and even larger between post-treatment and follow-up.Conclusions.Exercise-enriched integrated SCR appears promising to improve real-life functioning in schizophrenia. Future research should investigate the potential effects of this intervention on neuroplasticity and physical fitness.
Published: 2020

32. Endogenous testosterone is associated with increased striatal response to audience effects during prosocial choices

Author: Luigi Butera, Yansong Li, Ignacio Obeso, Marie Claire Villeval, Elise Météreau, Jean-Claude Dreher, Nanjing University (NJU), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen] (CBS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)
Subjects: Male, Brain activity and meditation, Social image, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Endogeny, Striatum, Choice Behavior, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Cognition, medicine, Humans, Testosterone, 10. No inequality, Social Behavior, Biological Psychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Charitable giving, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Testosterone (patch), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Steroid hormone, Prosocial behavior, Psychological Distance, Audience effect, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social status
Abstract: International audience; The role of testosterone on cognitive functions in humans remains controversial. One recent hypothesis suggests that this steroid hormone advances social status. As being observed by others is known to modulate a range of behaviors because of image concerns, we hypothesized that such an audience effect might be an important component of status seeking that is under the control of testosterone. Thus, we investigated to which extent testosterone levels are associated with the effect of being observed during prosocial choices and the neural mechanisms underlying this effect. We enrolled twenty-four male participants, aged 22.47 ± 2.62 years, in an fMRI experiment to examine the relationship between testosterone levels and brain activity engaged in deciding whether to accept or reject monetary transfers to two types of organizations (a positively evaluated organization and a negatively evaluated organization) in presence or absence of an audience. When comparing the public to the private condition, the rate of acceptance increased for the positively evaluated organization, while the rate of rejection increased for the negatively evaluated one. Higher testosterone levels were linked to greater activation in the striatum in the public compared to the private condition, regardless of the organization type. These results indicate a relationship between testosterone levels and striatal activity induced by the audience effect. These findings provide new insights on the role of testosterone in human social behavior.
Published: 2020

33. Accelerating the Evolution of Nonhuman Primate Neuroimaging

Author: Olivier Coulon, Michael P. Milham, Patrik Lindenfors, Karl-Heinz Nenning, Xiaojin Liu, Ravi S. Menon, Stephanie J. Forkel, Adam Messinger, Zheng Wang, Alexander Thiele, Luciano Simone, Benjamin Jung, Chika Sato, Jamie Nagy, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Kelvin Mok, Renée Hartig, Julien Sein, Alessandro Gozzi, Julien Vezoli, Tomoko Sakai, Lynn Uhrig, Martine Meunier, Christienne G. Damatac, Bonhwang Koo, Roberto Toro, Rogier B. Mars, Henrietta Howells, Lea Roumazeilles, Ming Zhan, Ann-Marie Mallon, Román Rossi-Pool, Elinor L. Sullivan, Yannick Becker, Doris Y. Tsao, Antoine Grigis, Lei Ai, Céline Amiez, Sara Wells, Reza Rajimehr, Aki Nikolaidis, Anna S. Mitchell, Simon M. Reader, Michele A. Basso, Béchir Jarraya, Amir Raz, Wim Vanduffel, Charles R.E. Wilson, Brian E. Russ, Christopher R. Madan, Orlin S. Todorov, Wasana Madushanka, Carole Guedj, Mark A. Pinsk, Clémentine Bodin, Hugo Merchant, Jennifer Nacef, Damien A. Fair, Anna W. Roe, Sze Chai Kwok, Stephen J. Sawiak, Essa Yacoub, Bastien Cagna, Kevin N. Laland, Wilbert Zarco, Charles E. Schroeder, Ting Xu, P. Christiaan Klink, Stanislas Dehaene, Takuya Hayashi, Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Amir Shmuel, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Katja Heuer, Ioana-Sabina Rautu, Andrew S. Fox, Austin Benn, Sabine Kastner, Thomas Brochier, Emmanuel Procyk, Marco Pagani, David C. Van Essen, Frank Q. Ye, Dirk Jan Ardesch, Régis Trapeau, Jakob Seidlitz, Marike Schiffer, Bassem Hiba, John H. Morrison, David A. Rudko, Paula L. Croxson, Patrick Friedrich, Augix Guohua Xu, Lazar Fleysher, Piotr Majka, Jonathan Smallwood, Aihua Chen, Timothy D. Griffiths, Fabien Balezeau, Stefan Everling, Michael C. Schmid, Robert Leech, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Mark G. Baxter, Afonso C. Silva, Clare Kelly, Zhi-ming Shen, Daniel S. Margulies, Mark J. Prescott, Pascal Belin, Erwin L. A. Blezer, Igor Kagan, Suliann Ben Hamed, David A. Leopold, Adrien Meguerditchian, Wendy Jarrett, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Nikoloz Sirmpilatze, Julia Sliwa, Henry Kennedy, Vikas Pareek, Yong-di Zhou, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Sherif Hamdy El-Gohary, Susann Boretius, Christopher I. Petkov, Pamela Garcia-Saldivar, Bella Williams, Jordy Tasserie, Hank P. Jedema, Jerome Sallet, Pieter R. Roelfsema, Winrich A. Freiwald, Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal, Noam Harel, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Kevin Marche, Colline Poirier, Yang Gao, Henry C. Evrard, Ashkan Alvand, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut cellule souche et cerveau (SBRI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consortium, PRIMatE Data Exchange Global Collaboration Workshop and, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Roma] (Unicatt), Voice Neurocognition Laboratory, University of Glasgow, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Manchester Royal Infirmary, University of Manchester [Manchester], Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Washington University in St Louis, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, University of Nanjing, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, @NEST (CNI), National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS)-Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP)-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Pisa] (CNR PISA)-Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS)-Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP)-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Pisa] (CNR PISA), Unité Analyse et Traitement de l'Information (UNATI), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Institut cellule souche et cerveau (U846 Inserm - UCBL1), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College London, Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Medical Research Counc, Station de primatologie (SP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain (ILCB), The University of Western Ontario, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of integrative biology (Liverpool), University of Liverpool, McGovern Institute for Brain Research [Cambridge], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Rockefeller University [New York], McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychofysiology, katho, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of York [York, UK], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Child Mind Institute, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (U1208 Inserm - UCBL1 / SBRI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Stockholm University, Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Princeton University, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford [Oxford], National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), The PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) Global Collaboration Workshop and Consortium, ANR-16-CONV-0002,ILCB,ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain(2016), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Complex Trait Genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Vanduffel, Wim
Subjects: Primates, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, education, Neuroimaging, Article, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, London, Psychology, Animals, Humans, Sociology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cognitive science, Science & Technology, Human Connectome Project, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Action, intention, and motor control, Information Dissemination, General Neuroscience, Neurosciences, Brain, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Congresses as Topic, Nonhuman primate, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurosciences & Neurology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 217200.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is on the cusp of a transformation, much in the same way its human counterpart was in 2010, when the Human Connectome Project was launched to accelerate progress. Inspired by an open data-sharing initiative, the global community recently met and, in this article, breaks through obstacles to define its ambitions. 4 p.
Published: 2020

34. Self-stigma in serious mental illness and autism spectrum disorder: Results from the REHABase national psychiatric rehabilitation cohort

Author: Clélia Quiles, Hélène Verdoux, Sophie Cervello, F Vignaga, Olivier Blanc, Catherine Massoubre, D Straub, Julien Dubreucq, B. Gouache, Isabelle Chereau, Romain Pommier, Mégane Faraldo, Nemat Jaafari, Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet, Caroline Demily, Emilie Legros-Lafarge, Nicolas Franck, G Legrand, J Plasse, G. Couhet, F. Gabayet, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Autism Spectrum Disorder, autism spectrum disorders, prevalence, Social Stigma, education.educational_degree, Psychiatric rehabilitation, Personal Satisfaction, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Outpatients, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, education, Psychiatry, Self-stigma, Borderline personality disorder, PharmacoEpi-Drugs, Suicide attempt, business.industry, Mental Disorders, psychiatric rehabilitation, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Self Concept, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, serious mental illness, Schizophrenia, Autism spectrum disorder, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Cohort, Quality of Life, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Background. Self-stigma is a major issue in serious mental illness (SMI) and is negatively associated with patient outcomes. Most studies have been conducted in schizophrenia (SZ). Less is known about self-stigma in other SMI and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objectives of this study are: (i) to assess the frequency of self-stigma in a multicentric nonselected psychiatric rehabilitation SMI and ASD sample; and (ii) to investigate the correlates of elevated self-stigma in different SMI conditions and in ASD. Methods. A total of 738 SMI or ASD outpatients were recruited from the French National Centers of Reference for Psychiatric Rehabilitation cohort (REHABase). Evaluations included sociodemographic data, illness characteristics, and standardized scales for clinical severity, quality of life, satisfaction with life, wellbeing, personal recovery, a large cognitive battery, and daily functioning assessment. Results. 31.2% of the total sample had elevated self-stigma. The highest prevalence (43.8%) was found in borderline personality disorder and the lowest (22.2%) in ASD. In the multivariate analysis, elevated self-stigma was best predicted by early stages of personal recovery (moratorium, p = 0.001, OR = 4.0 [1.78–8.98]; awareness, p = 0.011, OR = 2.87 [1.28–6.44]), history of suicide attempt (p = 0.001, OR = 2.27 [1.37–3.76]), insight (p = 0.002, OR = 1.22 [1.08–1.38]), wellbeing (p = 0.037, OR = 0.77 [0.60–0.98]), and satisfaction with interpersonal relationships (p Conclusions. The present study has confirmed the importance of addressing self-stigma in SMI and ASD patients enrolled in psychiatric rehabilitation. The effectiveness of psychiatric rehabilitation on self-stigma and the potential mediating effects of changes in self-stigma on treatment outcomes should be further investigated.
Published: 2020

35. Characterization of recessive Parkinson's disease in a large multicenter study

Author: Lesage, Suzanne, Lunati, Ariane, Houot, Marion, Romdhan, Sawssan, Clot, Fabienne, Tesson, Christelle, Mangone, Graziella, Le Toullec, Benjamin, Courtin, Thomas, Larcher, Kathy, Benmahdjoub, Mustapha, Arezki, Mohammed, Bouhouche, Ahmed, Anheim, Mathieu, Roze, Emmanuel, Viallet, François, Tison, François, Broussolle, Emmanuel, Emre, Murat, Hanagasi, Hasmet, Bilgic, Basar, Tazir, Meriem, Djebara, Mouna, Gouider, Riadh, Tranchant, Christine, Vidailhet, Marie, Le Guern, Eric, Corti, Olga, Mhiri, Chokri, Lohmann, Ebba, Singleton, Andrew, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Brice, Alexis, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istanbul University, and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], genotype-phenotype correlations, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, PINK1, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Parkinson’s disease, PRKN, autosomal recessive inheritance
Abstract: International audience; Studies of the phenotype and population distribution of rare genetic forms of parkinsonism are required, now that gene‐targeting approaches for Parkinson disease have reached the clinical trial stage. We evaluated the frequencies of PRKN, PINK1, and DJ‐1 mutations in a cohort of 1,587 cases. Mutations were found in 14.1% of patients; 27.6% were familial and 8% were isolated. PRKN was the gene most frequently mutated in Caucasians, whereas PINK1 mutations predominated in Arab‐Berber individuals. Patients with PRKN mutations had an earlier age at onset, and less asymmetry, levodopa‐induced motor complications, dysautonomia, and dementia than those without mutations
Published: 2020

36. Changes Over Time of Diffusion MRI in the White Matter of Aging Brain, a Good Predictor of Verbal Recall

Author: Barse, Elodie, Baillet, Marion, Edde, Manon, Pelletier, Amandine, Periot, Olivier, Helmer, Catherine, Allard, Michele, Dartigues, Jean-Francois, Amieva, Helene, Peres, Karine, Fernandez, Philippe, Catheline, Gwenaelle, Nicolas, Renaud, Hiba, Bassem, Dilharreguy, Bixente, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab [Sherbrooke] (SCIL), Département d'informatique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and DESSAIVRE, Louise
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SEPIA, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, LEHA
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Extensive research using water-diffusion MRI reported age-related modifications of cerebral White Matter (WM). Moreover, water-diffusion parameter modifications have been frequently associated with cognitive performances in the elderly sample, reinforcing the idea of aging inducing microstructural disconnection of the brain which in turn impacts cognition. However, only few studies really assessed over-time modifications of these parameters and their relationship with episodic memory outcome of elderly. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and thirty elderly subjects without dementia (74.1 +/- 4.1 years; 47% female) were included in this study. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at two-time points (3.49 +/- 0.68 years apart), allowing the assessment of changes in water-diffusion parameters over time using a specific longitudinal pipeline. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden and gray matter (GM) atrophy were also measured on FLAIR and T1-weighted sequences collected during these two MRI sessions. Free and cued verbal recall scores assessed at the last follow-up of the cohort were used as episodic memory outcome. Changes in water-diffusion parameters over time were included in serial linear regression models to predict retrieval or storage ability of elderly. Results: GM atrophy and an increase in mean diffusivity (MD) and WMH load between the two-time points were observed. The increase in MD was significantly correlated with WMH load and the different memory scores. In models accounting for the baseline cognitive score, GM atrophy, or WMH load, MD changes still significantly predict free verbal recall, and not total verbal recall, suggesting the specific association with the retrieval deficit in healthy aging. Conclusion: In elderly, microstructural WM changes are good predictors of lower free verbal recall performances. Moreover, this contribution is not only driven by WMH load increase. This last observation is in line with studies reporting early water-diffusion modification in WM tissue during aging, resulting lately in the appearance of WMH on conventional MRI.
Published: 2020

37. Expanding the genetic and phenotypic relevance of KCNB1 variants in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: 27 new patients and overview of the literature

Author: Delphine Breuillard, Isabelle Marey, Claire Bar, Tayeb Sekhara, Candace T. Myers, Diane Doummar, Alice Poisson, Hervé Isnard, Nathalie Dorison, Gwenaël Le Guyader, Arnold Munnich, Alexandra Afenjar, Anne de Saint Martin, Jamel Chelly, Gaetan Lesca, Gaetano Terrone, Rima Nabbout, Jeremy L. Freeman, David Geneviève, Sophie Dupont, Cyril Mignot, Katherine B. Howell, Giulia Barcia, Melanie Jennesson, Patrick Berquin, Sylvie Odent, Boris Keren, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Renzo Guerrini, Emmanuel Scalais, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Martino Montomoli, Agnès Guët, Pierre Meyer, Anca Nica, Anne-Sophie Lebre, Edor Kabashi, Carla Marini, Amy L Schneider, Marion Gérard, Salima El Chehadeh, Heather C Mefford, Lynette G. Sadleir, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), American Memorial Hospital, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), University of Melbourne, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), A Meyer Children's Hospital, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU Montpellier], Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France., Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg [Luxembourg] (CHL), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris., University of Washington [Seattle], Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., A.Meyer Children's Hospital, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Section of Pediatrics-Child Neurology Unit, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy, Centre Hospitalier Interrégional Edith Cavell (CHIREC), Service de génétique [Reims], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CLAD-Ouest, CHU Rennes, France., University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Pediatric Neurology & Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Epilepsy Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia., Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre de référence des épilepsies rares [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], H2020 European Research Council, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Seventh Framework Programme, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, European Research Council, Bar, C, Barcia, G, Jennesson, M, Le Guyader, G, Schneider, A, Mignot, C, Lesca, G, Breuillard, D, Montomoli, M, Keren, B, Doummar, D, de Villemeur, Tb, Afenjar, A, Marey, I, Gerard, M, Isnard, H, Poisson, A, Dupont, S, Berquin, P, Meyer, P, Genevieve, D, De Saint Martin, A, El Chehadeh, S, Chelly, J, Guët, A, Scalais, E, Dorison, N, Myers, Ct, Mefford, Hc, Howell, Kb, Marini, C, Freeman, Jl, Nica, A, Terrone, G, Sekhara, T, Lebre, A, Odent, S, Sadleir, Lg, Munnich, A, Guerrini, R, Scheffer, Ie, Kabashi, E, Nabbout, R, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Génétique et Cytogénétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France., Centre de Référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, F-, 75013, Paris, France., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, C.H.I.R.E.C, Brussels, Belgium., Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence (UNIFI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Shab Potassium Channels, KCNB1, Intellectual disability, Genetic variation, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030305 genetics & heredity, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Axon initial segment, Phenotype, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, epilepsy, potassium channel
Abstract: International audience; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) refer to a heterogeneous group of devastating neurodevelopmental disorders. Variants in KCNB1 have been recently reported in patients with early-onset DEE. KCNB1 encodes the alpha subunit of the delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv 2.1. We review the 37 previously reported patients carrying 29 distinct KCNB1 variants and significantly expand the mutational spectrum describing 18 novel variants from 27 unreported patients. Most variants occur de novo and mainly consist of missense variants located on the voltage sensor and the pore domain of Kv 2.1. We also report the first inherited variant (p.Arg583*). KCNB1-related encephalopathies encompass a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with predominant language difficulties and behavioral impairment. Eighty-five percent of patients developed epilepsies with variable syndromes and prognosis. Truncating variants in the C-terminal domain are associated with a less severe epileptic phenotype. Overall, this report provides an up-to-date review of the mutational and clinical spectrum of KCNB1, strengthening its place as a causal gene in DEEs and emphasizing the need for further functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms.
Published: 2020

38. Presuppositions : an experimental investigation

Author: Reinecke, Robert, STAR, ABES, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités (IHRIM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Lyon, Sarah Carvallo, Jacques Jayez, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Sarah Carvallo-Plus, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: Engagement, Continuations discursives appropriées, Traitement du langage, Stratégie discursive, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Pragmatique expérimentale, Felicity, Experimental pragmatics, Discourse strategy, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Commitment, Activité motrice induite par le langage, Language processing, Language-induced motor activity
Abstract: Speakers communicate more than what they explicitly state. For this reason, addressees rely on linguistic and extra-linguistic cues to recover different levels of explicit and implicit meaning. Presupposition triggers are one of these cues. These are linguistic expressions or constructions (e.g. change of state verbs, factive verbs, it-clefts, etc.) which trigger the recovery of propositions that the speaker presupposes, or takes for granted, for the purpose of the conversation. This thesis investigates the phenomenon of presupposition within the framework of experimental pragmatics, and it comprises three studies based on the following experimental methods: judgement-tasks, EEG method and grip-force sensor method. This thesis combines a social perspective, which focuses on reputation-management via alternative discourse strategies (Study 1), with a cognitive perspective, which examines the cognitive costs and sensori-motor correlates associated with presupposition processing (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 examines the impact of different discourse strategies (saying, implicating and presupposing) on the attribution of speaker commitment towards the message communicated. By operationalizing commitment as a function of the reputational cost (drop of trust) related to the transmission of false information, Study 1 shows that presupposing is perceived as equally committal than saying and more committal than implicating. Study 2 investigates the cognitive costs associated with targeting presuppositions in discourse continuations. By focusing on additive contexts introduced by the French discourse particle aussi, Study 2 shows that felicitous discourse continuations targeting a presupposition elicit the same ERP response than felicitous discourse continuations targeting an asserted context. This finding suggests that when presupposition processing is part of an appropriate, pragmatically felicitous, discourse strategy, it does not come with any additional cognitive costs. Study 3 examines the sensori-motor correlates of processing action-related language in presuppositional constructions (complement clause of factive verbs) and non-presuppositional ones (complement clause of non-factive verbs). The results show that the former elicit a greater sensori-motor activation than the latter, thus revealing that presupposed information, whose truth is taken for granted, is processed differently from information whose truth has not been established in discourse. Overall, this thesis contributes to the study of presupposition by providing empirical evidence in support of the theoretical distinction between different layers of meaning. On the one hand, it shows that their employment leads to different commitments in discourse and has implications on the interpersonal negotiation of trust. On the other hand, it shows that while presupposition processing is not inherently more costly from a cognitive perspective, its cognitive correlates (such as the engagement of the sensori-motor system) can differ from those mapping information with a different discourse status., Les locuteurs communiquent plus que ce qu’ils disent explicitement. C’est pourquoi les destinataires s’appuient sur des indices linguistiques et extra-linguistiques pour récupérer différentes strates de signification qui peuvent être explicites aussi bien qu’implicites. Les déclencheurs de présuppositions représentent l’un de ces indices. Il s’agit d’expressions ou de constructions linguistiques (par exemple, les verbes de changement, les verbes factifs, les clivées, etc.) qui déclenchent la récupération de propositions que le locuteur présuppose, ou considère comme acquises, pour les besoins de la conversation. Cette thèse étudie le phénomène de la présupposition dans le cadre de la pragmatique expérimentale et comprend trois études basées sur les méthodes expérimentales suivantes : les tâches de jugement, la méthode de l’EEG et la méthode du capteur de force de préhension. Cette thèse combine une perspective sociale, qui se concentre sur la gestion de la réputation via des stratégies discursives alternatives (étude 1), avec une perspective cognitive, qui examine les coûts cognitifs et les corrélats sensori-moteurs associés au traitement des présuppositions (études 2 et 3). L’étude 1 examine l’impact des différentes stratégies discursives (un locuteur qui communique une information explicitement, qui l’implique ou la présuppose) sur l’attribution de l’engagement du locuteur envers le message communiqué. En étudiant l’engagement du locuteur (sa responsabilité) en fonction du coût de réputation (perte de confiance) lié à la transmission de fausses informations, l’étude 1 montre que le présupposé est perçu comme étant tout aussi responsabilisant que le dire explicite et plus responsabilisant que l’implicite non présuppositionel. L’étude 2 examine les coûts cognitifs associés au ciblage des présuppositions dans les continuations du discours. En se concentrant sur les contextes additifs introduits par la particule discursive aussi, l’étude 2 montre que les continuations discursives appropriées ciblant une présupposition suscitent la même réponse en potentiels évoqués que les continuations discursives appropriées ciblant un contexte affirmé. Cette conclusion suggère que, lorsque le traitement de présuppositions fait partie d’une stratégie discursive appropriée et pragmatique, il n’entraîne pas de coûts cognitifs supplémentaires. L’étude 3 examine les corrélats sensori-moteurs du traitement du langage lié à l’action dans les constructions présupposées (clause-complément des verbes factifs comme savoir) et non-présupposées (clause-complément des verbes non-factifs). Les résultats montrent que les premières provoquent une activation sensori-motrice plus importante que les secondes, révélant ainsi que les informations présupposées, dont la vérité est prise comme acquise, sont traitées différemment des informations dont la vérité n’a pas été établie dans le discours. Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse contribue à l’étude de la présupposition en fournissant des preuves empiriques à l’appui de la distinction théorique entre les différentes couches de signification. D’une part, elle montre que leur emploi conduit à des responsabilisations différentes dans le discours et a des implications sur la négociation interpersonnelle de la confiance. D’autre part, elle montre que, si le traitement des présuppositions n’est pas intrinsèquement plus coûteux d’un point de vue cognitif, ses corrélats cognitifs (tels que la mobilisation du système sensori-moteur) peuvent être différents de ceux qui mettent en correspondance des informations ayant un statut discursif différent.
Published: 2020

39. Impact de la pandémie COVID-19 sur la neurochirurgie pédiatrique en France

Author: Edouard Gimbert, Thomas Roujeau, Carmine Mottolese, G. Coll, A. Bohra, M. Delion, F. Di Rocco, Alexandru Szathmari, A. Coca, Sergio Boetto, Matthieu Vinchon, Laurent Riffaud, Michel Zerah, N. Chivoret, S. Ferrand, Didier Scavarda, Thomas Blauwblomme, Université de Lille, LillOA, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies RAres du DEveloppement embryonnaire et du MEtabolisme : du Phénotype au Génotype et à la Fonction - ULR 7364 (RADEME), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurochirurgie [Rennes] = Neurosurgery [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Service de neurochirurgie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]
Subjects: Gynecology, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical Neurology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Éditorial De La Rédaction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Neurochirurgie - Sous presse. Manuscrit accepte. Disponible en ligne depuis le mercredi 3 juin 2020
Published: 2020

40. A systematic review of economic evaluations on stent-retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke

Author: Caroline Giroudon, Sofia Boudour, M. Barral, Marie Viprey, Francis Turjman, Xavier Armoiry, Benjamin Gory, Gilles Aulagner, Anne-Marie Schott, Animal Health Department, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ciblage thérapeutique en Oncologie (EA3738), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Santé Individu Société (SIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé Individu Société - SIS (SIS), and Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: economic evaluation, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, clinical outcome, Review, CHEERS checklist, Brain Ischemia, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0302 clinical medicine, systematic review, quality adjusted life year, cost benefit analysis, biomedical technology assessment, statistics and numerical data, Electronic Health Records, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, randomized controlled trial (topic), Stroke, Acute ischemic stroke, Thrombectomy, Neuroradiology, Embase, mathematical and statistical procedures, Quality assessment, Medline, electronic health record, ScienceDirect, 3. Good health, Europe, priority journal, Neurology, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, meta analysis (topic), Stents, cerebrovascular accident, Healthcare system, medicine.medical_specialty, complication, blood vessel occlusion, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, human, procedures, quality control, bibliographic database, stent retriever thrombectomy, Stent retriever, health care system, business.industry, clinical effectiveness, Cochrane Library, cost effectiveness analysis, economics, medicine.disease, adverse device effect, Clinical trial, philips checklist, North America, Physical therapy, Web of Science, stent, cost utility analysis, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, economic model
Abstract: cited By 1; International audience; Background: Our objective was to review economic evaluations on stent-retriever thrombectomy (SRT) added/not added to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods: We conducted a systematic review using several electronic databases and searching for studies published from January 2009 to September 2017. Inclusion criteria: any publication type reporting the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of SRT in people with AIS secondary to LVO. Quality assessment was undertaken with the CHEERS and the Philips’ checklists. Results: Eight original articles (four from North America/four from Europe) were included; of these, seven were model-based cost-effectiveness studies and one was a study conducted alongside a clinical trial. The perspective was the healthcare system in seven studies, and societal in one. The time horizon was lifetime (minimum 20 years) in all but two studies where it was 1 and 5 years. Overall, studies were rated of good quality (mean score 79%; range 70–90). Data sources, effectiveness outcomes and other input parameters were heterogeneous across studies. In three studies, SRT was dominant (less expensive and more effective). In five studies, SRT was more expensive and generated more quality-adjusted life years but had a high probability (79–100%) to be cost-effective at conventional thresholds. Conclusion: This review shows that SRT added/not added to IV t-PA is likely to be cost-effective or even dominant, which is consistent with the opinion from several Health Technology Assessment bodies recommending SRT. However, our findings are supported by primary studies with substantial methodological heterogeneity. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Published: 2018

41. Rewards that are near increase impulsive action

Author: Anael Belle, Jan Peters, David A. O'Connor, Jean-Claude Dreher, Benjamin T. Vincent, Brice Corgnet, Valentin Guigon, Remi Janet, Uli Bromberg, business school, emlyon, emlyon business school, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Dundee, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), University of Cologne, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), DREHER, JEAN-CLAUDE, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, 02 engineering and technology, Space (commercial competition), Behavioral neuroscience, Article, Behavioral Neuroscience, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Biological Sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Neuroeconomics, 030104 developmental biology, Action (philosophy), [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 0210 nano-technology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Summary In modern society, the natural drive to behave impulsively in order to obtain rewards must often be curbed. A continued failure to do so is associated with a range of outcomes including drug abuse, pathological gambling, and obesity. Here, we used virtual reality technology to investigate whether spatial proximity to rewards has the power to exacerbate the drive to behave impulsively toward them. We embedded two behavioral tasks measuring distinct forms of impulsive behavior, impulsive action, and impulsive choice, within an environment rendered in virtual reality. Participants responded to three-dimensional cues representing food rewards located in either near or far space. Bayesian analyses revealed that participants were significantly less able to stop motor actions when rewarding cues were near compared with when they were far. Since factors normally associated with proximity were controlled for, these results suggest that proximity plays a distinctive role in driving impulsive actions for rewards., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Proximity to rewarding cues can alter human behavior • Humans are less able to stop motor actions when rewarding cues are within reach • Results highlight the adverse role of environmental factors on impulsivity • Factors that change as objects move closer in the real world were controlled using VR, Biological Sciences; Neuroscience; Behavioral Neuroscience
Published: 2021

42. Wait and you shall see: sexual delay discounting in hypersexual Parkinson’s disease

Author: Stéphane Thobois, Franck Durif, Romuald Girard, Emmanuel Broussolle, Paul Krack, Ignacio Obeso, Emilie Favre, Miguel Ulla, Seongmin Park, Tiphaine Vidal, Jean-Claude Dreher, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurologie C, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université de Lyon, Service de Neurologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), and Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, Sexual Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroimaging, Audiology, Gyrus Cinguli, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prefrontal cortex, Anterior cingulate cortex, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Ventral striatum, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Delay Discounting, Case-Control Studies, Posterior cingulate, Incentive salience, Dopamine Agonists, Ventral Striatum, Hypersexuality, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Patients with Parkinson's disease may develop impulse control disorders under dopaminergic treatments. Impulse control disorders include a wide spectrum of behaviours, such as hypersexuality, pathological gambling or compulsive shopping. Yet, the neural systems engaged in specific impulse control disorders remain poorly characterized. Here, using model-based functional MRI, we aimed to determine the brain systems involved during delay-discounting of erotic rewards in hypersexual patients with Parkinson's disease (PD+HS), patients with Parkinson's disease without hypersexuality (PD - HS) and controls. Patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated ON and OFF levodopa (counterbalanced). Participants had to decide between two options: (i) wait for 1.5 s to briefly view an erotic image; or (ii) wait longer to see the erotic image for a longer period of time. At the time of decision-making, we investigated which brain regions were engaged with the subjective valuation of the delayed erotic reward. At the time of the rewarded outcome, we searched for the brain regions responding more robustly after waiting longer to view the erotic image. PD+HS patients showed reduced discounting of erotic delayed rewards, compared to both patients with Parkinson's disease and controls, suggesting that they accepted waiting longer to view erotic images for a longer period of time. Thus, when using erotic stimuli that motivate PD+HS, these patients were less impulsive for the immediate reward. At the brain system level, this effect was paralleled by the fact that PD+HS, as compared to controls and PD - HS, showed a negative correlation between subjective value of the delayed reward and activity of medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Consistent with the incentive salience hypothesis combining learned cue-reward associations with current relevant physiological state, dopaminergic treatment in PD+HS boosted excessive 'wanting' of rewards and heightened activity in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex, as reflected by higher correlation with subjective value of the option associated to the delayed reward when ON medication as compared to the OFF medication state. At the time of outcome, the anterior medial prefrontal/rostral anterior cingulate cortex showed an interaction between group (PD+HS versus PD - HS) and medication (ON versus OFF), suggesting that dopaminergic treatment boosted activity of this brain region in PD+HS when viewing erotic images after waiting for longer periods of time. Our findings point to reduced delay discounting of erotic rewards in PD+HS, both at the behavioural and brain system levels, and abnormal reinforcing effect of levodopa when PD+HS patients are confronted with erotic stimuli.10.1093/brain/awy298_video1awy298media15983845074001.
Published: 2019

43. Neurocomputational mechanisms at play when weighing concerns for extrinsic rewards, moral values, and social image

Author: Marie Claire Villeval, Chen Qu, Elise Météreau, Jean-Claude Dreher, Luigi Butera, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016)
Subjects: Social Cognition, Male, Moral Obligations, 0301 basic medicine, Social Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Biology (General), media_common, Valuation (finance), Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Radiology and Imaging, General Neuroscience, Putamen, Brain, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Prosocial behavior, Anatomy, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Social psychology, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Scrutiny, Social Psychology, Neural Networks, Imaging Techniques, QH301-705.5, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, Temporoparietal junction, Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroimaging, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Morals, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Odds, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Reward, Diagnostic Medicine, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Behavior, Motivation, General Immunology and Microbiology, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Morality, Neostriatum, Dilemma, Prosocial Behavior, 030104 developmental biology, Cognitive Science, Nerve Net, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Humans not only value extrinsic monetary rewards but also their own morality and their image in the eyes of others. Yet violating moral norms is frequent, especially when people know that they are not under scrutiny. When moral values and monetary payoffs are at odds, how does the brain weigh the benefits and costs of moral and monetary payoffs? Here, using a neurocomputational model of decision value (DV) and functional (f)MRI, we investigated whether different brain systems are engaged when deciding whether to earn money by contributing to a “bad cause” and when deciding whether to sacrifice money to contribute to a “good cause,” both when such choices were made privately or in public. Although similar principles of DV computations were used to solve these dilemmas, they engaged 2 distinct valuation systems. When weighing monetary benefits and moral costs, people were willing to trade their moral values in exchange for money, an effect accompanied by DV computation engaging the anterior insula and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, weighing monetary costs against compliance with one’s moral values engaged the ventral putamen. Moreover, regardless of the type of dilemma, a brain network including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula, and the right temporoparietal junction (TJP) was more engaged in public than in private settings. Together, these findings identify how the brain processes three sources of motivation: extrinsic rewards, moral values, and concerns for image., Distinct brain systems are engaged when weighing whether to earn money by contributing to a ‘bad cause’ and when weighing whether to lose money to contribute to a ‘good cause,’ regardless of whether such choices are made privately or in public.
Published: 2019

44. How occupational status influences the processing of faces: An EEG study

Author: Nathalie George, Karim Jerbi, Romain Ligneul, Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst, Audrey Breton, Jean-Yves Baudouin, Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cogimage, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Éducation (DIPHE), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Employment, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Occupational prestige, Face (sociological concept), Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Hierarchy, Social, Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, Association, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, Evoked Potentials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sex Characteristics, Hierarchy, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Rank (computer programming), Brain, Contrast (statistics), Social stratification, Social Perception, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Facial Recognition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social status, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: This study examines the influence of social hierarchy on the neural electrophysiological responses to faces. In contrast with earlier EEG studies that typically manipulate social rank through competitive situations, we implemented hierarchy through occupational status and thus contrasted faces associated with high- vs. low-status (e.g. lawyer vs. waiter). Since social hierarchies are largely intertwined with gender, both female and male faces were used as stimuli, and both female and male participants were tested. The procedure consisted in presenting a status label before the face it was associated with. The analyses focused mainly on two components that have been shown to be modulated by competitive hierarchies and other social contexts, namely the N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). The results indicated that gender, but not status, modulated the N170 amplitude. Moreover, high-status faces elicited larger LPP amplitude than low-status faces but this difference was driven by female participants. This gender effect is discussed in line with research showing that women and men are sensitive to different kinds of hierarchy. Methodological differences are considered to account for the discrepancy between studies that find an effect of hierarchy on the N170 and those that do not.
Published: 2019

45. Self-other recognition impairments in individuals with schizophrenia a new experimental paradigm using a double mirror

Author: Nathalie Coulon, Eric Bellissant, Moritz Wehrmann, Brice Martin, Gaelle Keromnes, Foucaud Du Boisgueheneuc, Bérangère Thirioux, Sylvie Tordjman, David Levoyer, Nemat Jaafari, Tom Motillon, Olivier Bonnot, Romain Ridereau, Alain Berthoz, Dominique Drapier, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopital de Bohars - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Troccaz, Olivier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:RC435-571, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Stimulation, Audiology, Sitting, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, lcsh:Psychiatry, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, media_common, Sensory stimulation therapy, business.industry, Early onset schizophrenia, 05 social sciences, Self other, medicine.disease, Visual recognition, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Clinical observations suggest early self-consciousness disturbances in schizophrenia. A double mirror combining the images of two individuals sitting on each side of the mirror was used to study self–other differentiation in 12 individuals with early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 15 individuals with adult onset schizophrenia (AOS) compared to 27 typically developing controls (TDC) matched on age and sex. The effects of intermodal sensory perception (visual–tactile and visual–kinesthetic) on self–other recognition were also studied. The results showed that EOS and AOS individuals, independently of age and schizophrenia severity, were centered on their own image compared to TDC, with both significant earlier self-recognition and delayed other-recognition during the visual recognition task. In addition, there was no significant effect of intermodal sensory stimulation on self–other recognition in EOS and AOS patients, whereas self-centered functioning was significantly increased by visual–tactile stimulation and decreased by visual–kinesthetic stimulation in TDC. The findings suggest that self–other recognition impairments might be a possible endophenotypic trait of schizophrenia.
Published: 2018

46. The neural development of pragmatic inference-making in natural discourse

Author: Ira A. Noveck, Justine Epinat-Duclos, Jérôme Prado, Flora Schwartz, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Nîmes (UNIMES)
Subjects: Adolescent, Logic, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Theory of Mind, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Theory of mind, Parietal Lobe, Neural Pathways, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Cognitive development, Natural (music), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Meaning (existential), Control (linguistics), Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Brain Mapping, Communication, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, 16. Peace & justice, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reading, Premise, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sentence, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Older interlocutors are more likely than younger ones to make pragmatic inferences, i.e., inferences that go beyond the linguistically encoded meaning of a sentence. Here we ask whether pragmatic development is associated with increased activity in brain structures associated with inference-making or in those associated with Theory-of-Mind. We employed a reading task that presents vignettes in one of two versions, one of which is expected to prompt more pragmatic processing. Both versions present a major premise containing three possibilities (e.g. Xavier is considering Thursday, Friday or Saturday for inviting his girlfriend out). In the Fully-Deductive (control) condition, the major premise is followed by two disjunction-elimination premises through two separate lines (one indicating that Saturday is not convenient and another saying that Thursday is not convenient); this is followed by a valid conclusion (e.g., “I’ll reserve Friday”). In the Implicated-Premise condition, the first disjunction-elimination premise is followed by a second similar one that eliminates the same disjunction (e.g. both lines explain why Saturday is not convenient). In this condition, readers may pragmatically enrich the conclusion (i.e. "I'll reserve Friday" pragmatically implicates that Xavier is also eliminating Thursday from consideration). Reading times in Experiment 1 showed that processing the speaker’s conclusion in the Implicated-Premise condition becomes increasingly more effort-demanding as readers reach adolescence. Experiment 2 showed that this developmental pattern is related to age-related increases of fMRI activity in fronto-parietal regions typically involved in inference-making processes. We found no evidence indicating age effects related to Theory of Mind areas.
Published: 2018

47. High-resolution 3D diffusion tensor MRI of anesthetized rhesus macaque brain at 3T

Author: Justine C. Cléry, Yann Bihan-Poudec, Bassem Hiba, Mathilda Froesel, Maxime Descoteaux, Nathalie Richard, Valéry Ozenne, Franck Lamberton, Slimane Tounekti, Suliann Ben Hamed, Thomas Troalen, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CERMEP - imagerie du vivant), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and ANR-16-CE37-0009,NeuroCIM,Bases neurales de l'inférence causale lors de la perception multisensorielle(2016)
Subjects: Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Grey matter, Hippocampus, Macaque, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Cortex (anatomy), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Animals, Humans, Anesthesia, Physics, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Echo-Planar Imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Human brain, biology.organism_classification, Macaca mulatta, White Matter, Rhesus macaque, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: International audience; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has been widely used to investigate human brain microstructure and connectivity and its abnormalities in a variety of brain deficits, whether acute, neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative. However, the biological interpretation and validation of dMRI data modelling is still a crucial challenge in the field. In this respect, achieving high spatial resolution in-vivo dMRI in the non-human primate to compare these observations both with human dMRI on the one hand and 'ground truth' microstructural and histological data on the other hand is of outmost importance. Here, we developed a dMRI pulse sequence based on 3D-multishot Echo Planar Imaging (3D-msEPI) on a 3T human clinical scanner. We demonstrate the feasibility of cerebral dMRI at an isotropic resolution of 0.5 mm in 4 anesthetized macaque monkeys. The added value of the high-resolution dMRI is illustrated by focusing on two aspects. First, we show an enhanced descriptive power of the fine substructure of the hippocampus. Second, we show a more physiological description of the interface between cortex grey matter, superficial and deep white matter. Overall, the high spatial resolution dMRI acquisition method proposed in this study is a significant achievement with respect to the state of the art of dMRI on anesthetized monkeys. This study highlights also the potential of very high-resolution dMRI to precisely capture the microstructure of thin cerebral structures such as the hippocampus and superficial white matter.
Published: 2018

48. Deep brain stimulation does not enhance neuroinflammation in multiple system atrophy

Author: Béatrice Lannes, Stéphane Thobois, Wassilios G. Meissner, Anne Vital, Alexandre Eusebio, Jean-Luc Houeto, Tatiana Witjas, François Viallet, Christine Tranchant, Dominique Guehl, Pierre-Olivier Fernagut, François Tison, Miguel Lopez-Cuina, André Maues De Paula, Nathalie Streichenberger, Philippe Damier, Marie-Hélène Canron, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurosciences expérimentales et cliniques (LNEC), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Service de pathologie [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Services de Neurochimie et de Pathologie, Hôpital Neurologique de Bron, Service de neurologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de neurologie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Département de Neurologie, CHU Strasbourg-Hopital Civil, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et physiopathologie de la signalisation cellulaire (PPSC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Levodopa, Deep brain stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Thalamus, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neuroinflammation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Inflammation, business.industry, Putamen, Multiple system atrophy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Subthalamic nucleus, 030104 developmental biology, Globus pallidus, Neurology, nervous system, Atypical parkinsonism, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Caudate Nucleus, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Slowly progressive, levodopa-responsive multiple system atrophy (MSA) may be misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is mostly ineffective in these patients and may even worsen the clinical course. Here we assessed whether neuropathological differences between patients with MSA who were treated with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus because of a misleading clinical presentation and typical disease cases may explain the more benign disease course of the former, and also the rapid clinical decline after surgery. The post-mortem assessment included the subthalamic nucleus, the globus pallidus, the thalamus and the putamen in five patients with MSA who received DBS and nine typical disease cases. There was no evidence for distinct neuroinflammatory profiles between both groups that could be related to the surgical procedure or that could explain the rapid clinical progression during DBS. Patients who received deep brain stimulation displayed a higher proportion of α-synuclein bearing neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the putamen compared with typical cases, while the number of surviving neurons was not different between groups. Our findings suggest that DBS does not induce neuroinflammatory changes in patients with MSA, at least several years after the surgery. We further hypothesize that the peculiar pattern of α-synuclein pathology may contribute to differences in the clinical phenotype, with a greater proportion of neuronal inclusions in the putamen being associated to a milder, "PD-like" phenotype with sustained levodopa response and slower disease progression.
Published: 2018

49. An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Imaging

Author: Jennifer Nacef, Kevin N. Laland, Wilbert Zarco, Charles E. Schroeder, Jamie Nagy, Julien Sein, P. Christiaan Klink, Kelvin Mok, Michael P. Milham, Stanislas Dehaene, Charles R.E. Wilson, Orlin S. Todorov, Erwin L. A. Blezer, Winrich A. Freiwald, Béchir Jarraya, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, John H. Morrison, David A. Rudko, Zheng Wang, Essa Yacoub, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Brian E. Russ, Amir Shmuel, Emmanuel Procyk, Stefan Everling, Elinor L. Sullivan, Doris Y. Tsao, Noam Harel, Bassem Hiba, Thomas Brochier, Jakob Seidlitz, Sabine Kastner, Michael Ortiz Rios, Martine Meunier, Alexander Thiele, Carole Guedj, Paula L. Croxson, Sze Chai Kwok, Yong-di Zhou, Christopher I. Petkov, Ting Xu, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Frank Q. Ye, Fabien Balezeau, Aihua Chen, Ravi S. Menon, Adam Messinger, Mark G. Baxter, Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Rogier B. Mars, Reza Rajimehr, Christienne G. Damatac, Bonhwang Koo, Lei Ai, Colline Poirier, David A. Leopold, Simon M. Reader, Daniel S. Margulies, Mark A. Pinsk, Benjamin Jung, Lazar Fleysher, Timothy D. Griffiths, Michael C. Schmid, Céline Amiez, Suliann Ben Hamed, Jerome Sallet, Pieter R. Roelfsema, Damian A. Fair, Patrik Lindenfors, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), The University of Western Ontario, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Rockefeller University [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University of St Andrews [Scotland], National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Bethesda] (NINDS), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Stockholm University, Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Princeton University, McGovern Institute for Brain Research [Cambridge], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Utrecht University [Utrecht], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Centre de Recherche en Éthique [UdeM - Montréal] (CREUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Equipe Impact, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Academic Medical Center, Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (U1208 Inserm - UCBL1 / SBRI - USC 1361 INRAE), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of California, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seidlitz, Jakob [0000-0002-8164-7476], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Neuroimagerie cognitive (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), The Rockefeller University, McGill University-McGill University, McGill University, Centre de Recherche en Éthique de l'Université de Montréal (CREUM), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ben Hamed, Suliann
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Primates, Computer science, Neuroscience(all), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], QH301 Biology, Datasets as Topic, Neuroimaging, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, QH301, 0302 clinical medicine, Resource (project management), All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, Connectome, Animals, Psychology, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Independent data, Biological sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Non human primate, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Neurology & Neurosurgery, Quality assessment, Action, intention, and motor control, Information Dissemination, General Neuroscience, Neurosciences, Perception, Action and Control [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 2], Brain, DAS, Data science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030104 developmental biology, Data exchange, Biomedical Imaging, Cognitive Sciences, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Non-human primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing area of research that promises to transform and scale translational and cross-species comparative neuroscience. Unfortunately, the technological and methodological advances of the past two decades have outpaced the accrual of data, which is particularly challenging given the relatively few centers that have the necessary facilities and capabilities. The PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) addresses this challenge by aggregating independently acquired non-human primate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and openly sharing them via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI). Here, we present the rationale, design, and procedures for the PRIME-DE consortium, as well as the initial release, consisting of 25 independent data collections aggregated across 22 sites (total = 217 non-human primates). We also outline the unique pitfalls and challenges that should be considered in the analysis of non-human primate MRI datasets, including providing automated quality assessment of the contributed datasets., Highlights • Openly shared, large non-human primate neuroimaging data resource • Multiple imaging modalities contributed from investigators around the world • Quality assessments of the dataset • Discussed pitfalls and challenges in analyzing the non-human primate MRI data, The PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) consortium is an open science resource for the neuroimaging community aiming to facilitate efforts to map the non-human primate connectome. It aggregates and shares anatomical, functional, and diffusion MRI datasets from laboratories throughout the world.
Published: 2018

50. Hippocampal spatial mechanisms relate to the development of arithmetic symbol processing in children

Author: Mathieu, Romain, Epinat-Duclos, Justine, Léone, Jessica, Fayol, Michel, Thevenot, Catherine, Prado, Jérôme, Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), institut de psychologie, université de Lausanne, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Arithmetic, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, lcsh:QP351-495, fMRI, Brain, Space, Development, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hippocampus, [SCCO]Cognitive science, lcsh:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Space Perception, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, Learning, Female, Attention, Special Section on The Development of the Mathematical Brain, Edited by Daniel Ansari and Daniel C. Hyde, Child, Mathematics
Abstract: Understanding the meaning of abstract mathematical symbols is a cornerstone of arithmetic learning in children. Studies have long focused on the role of spatial intuitions in the processing of numerals. However, it has been argued that such intuitions may also underlie symbols that convey fundamental arithmetic concepts, such as arithmetic operators. In the present cross-sectional study, we used fMRI to investigate how and when associations between arithmetic operators and brain regions processing spatial information emerge in children from 3rd to 10th grade. We found that the mere perception of a ‘+’ sign elicited grade-related increases of spatial activity in the right hippocampus. That is, merely perceiving ‘+’ signs – without any operands – elicited enhanced hippocampal activity after around 7th grade (12–13 years old). In these children, hippocampal activity in response to a ‘+’ sign was further correlated with the degree to which calculation performance was facilitated by the preview of that sign before an addition problem, an effect termed operator-priming. Grade-related increases of hippocampal spatial activity were operation-specific because they were not observed with ‘×’ signs, which might evoke rote retrieval rather than numerical manipulation. Our study raises the possibility that hippocampal spatial mechanisms help build associations between some arithmetic operators and space throughout age and/or education. Keywords: Arithmetic, Development, Attention, Space, fMRI, Hippocampus
Published: 2018

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