Search

This paper enhanced the integration-type E&S model and the dynamic E&S model for integrating the impact of DC-biased field and eddy current on vector magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet. B and H of electrical steel sheet are measured under DC-biased and rotating fields. Based on the measured results, the databases of reluctivity and hysteresis coefficients of both the enhanced integration-type E&S model and the improved dynamic E&S model are established for predicting H waveform under any given operating condition. By comparing the H waveform calculated by the enhanced integration-type E&S model and the improved dynamic E&S model with the experimental H waveform, it is found that both two models have good reliability and the improved dynamic E&S model has slightly better accuracy than the enhanced integration-type E&S model.

Both an environmental and an economic assessment are needed to judge the potential of sustainable chemical technologies. However, decision-makers may be challenged by conflicting conclusions. The integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic assessment (TEA) can enhance decision-making, as integrated assessments provide more information than a simple reporting of separate TEA and LCA results. The analysis of integration approaches reveals a lack of consistency in terms of defining criteria and methodological aspects for integration. A gap remains where guidance for practitioners is needed on how to select a suitable integration type for their different purposes. To fill this gap, we conclude that a one-size-fits-all solution of integration cannot adequately serve all purposes along the technology development phases. Therefore, a framework to guide through integration in three distinct parts is proposed. In Part I, a four-phase approach for every integrated assessment to link the results from TEA and LCA is defined. Part II develops three integration types classified by their core characteristics: qualitative discussion-based (Type A), quantitative combined indicator-based (Type B), and quantitative preference-based (Type C). Finally, in Part III, a step-by-step method to select the appropriate integration type according to the assessment purpose, while considering restrictions imposed by technology maturity and resource availability is introduced. Thus, the framework is a basis for increasing the number of integrated assessments by guiding practitioners towards tailored studies.

The term “in situ processing” has evolved over the last decade to mean both a specific strategy for visualizing and analyzing data and an umbrella term for a processing paradigm. The resulting confusion makes it difficult for visualization and analysis scientists to communicate with each other and with their stakeholders. To address this problem, a group of over 50 experts convened with the goal of standardizing terminology. This paper summarizes their findings and proposes a new terminology for describing in situ systems. An important finding from this group was that in situ systems are best described via multiple, distinct axes: integration type, proximity, access, division of execution, operation controls, and output type. This paper discusses these axes, evaluates existing systems within the axes, and explores how currently used terms relate to the axes.

Following the design of flexible elements in Chap. 3, their integration is further discussed in this section, which eventually leads to the construction of compliant mechanisms. The typical integration type of flexible elements includes serial, parallel and hybrid. Since the hybrid configuration is always a mixture of the first two types, this chapter will focus on evaluating the serial and parallel integration of flexible elements. Then compliant mechanisms are constructed in forms of their compliance/stiffness matrices. For a compliant mechanism in the serial configuration, its compliance matrix is derived; in contrast, the stiffness matrix is formulated for a compliant mechanism in the parallel configuration. Particularly, considering the difference between single-DOF and multi-DOF flexible elements, their integration formulations are also derived separately in both configurations. Further based on the development of compliance/stiffness matrices, several key design problems of compliant mechanisms are discussed, and they will be addressed in the following chapters.

Regional integration, or convergence and cooperation, is one of the main topic of international discourse. Meanwhile, the progress of scientific research in Central Asia in this respect is not sufficient. It is mostly represented by popular science literature, quite syperficial in describing the latest integraton activities either in Central Asia or the EAEU. In this article, an attempt into scientific understanding of the processes taking place in Central Asia and, more broadly, Eurasia; an attempt to comprehend how do they correlate with the real course of regional integration are represented. The analysis of the gradual development of the post-Soviet area leads to the results that have ambiguous definitions. The authors are asking themselves whether the integration phenomena that are still transforming and ot finalized yet can be defined as real integration. Along with this, it is appropriate to to draw parallels and determine correlation bonds between the mechanisms and the institutes of the functioning regional association of the integration type (the EAEU) with the Eurasian idea projects proposed by the the post-Soviet area countries. In the scientific literature, the high political ans state level, in the frameworks of which the key decisions on the need for integrations are being made, is being researched thoroughly. Such decisions are represented by the rational choice in the security dilemma issue, as well as social welfare and sustainable development of the Central Asian and Eurasian regions. In this article, we will try to analyse in a bundle the selected issues of the political idea (projects) regarding regional integration and its prospects.Key words: Central Asia, Eurasian idea, integration, cooperation, Eurasian Union.

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are a promising type of navigation augmentation satellite for current global navigation satellite systems. Aiming at the navigation function, an effective broadcast ephemeris model needs to be designed for LEO satellites. An enhanced integration-type broadcast ephemeris model is proposed in this study. First, the short-term periodical variation characteristics of LEOs’ accelerations in the Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate system are analyzed. The Chebyshev polynomials and harmonic functions are then applied to represent the variation perturbation of accelerations. Tests using simulated and real data from LEO satellites at altitudes from 600 to 1400 km are conducted to evaluate the fit accuracy of the proposed models in terms of arc length, integration method, integration step length, orbital altitude, inclination, eccentricity, etc. The fit accuracy is dramatically improved compared to that of the current GLONASS integration-type broadcast model, where fit errors less than 10 cm are achieved with an arc length of 20 min.

For a class of convolution integral operators whose kernels may have integrable singularities, boundedness and compactness criteria in weighted Lebesgue spaces are obtained.

This paper presents an improved integral-type E&S modeling for applications under high magnetic flux density conditions. In the conventional integral-type dynamic E&S modeling, we assumed linear increment of higher harmonic components including in the magnetic field strength waveforms versus the magnetic flux density. However the higher harmonic components decrease after getting a peak value in rotational magnetization process around saturation region (1.6T – 1.8T). Improvement of the integral-type dynamic E&S modeling for the high magnetic flux conditions was investigated in comparison with the measured one and verification with a simple problem was demonstrated in this paper.

There are some keystones in the development of European integration that had certain characteristics and peculiarities reflected on the structure of Europe. All of the social, cultural, historical, economical and political factors can affect this process.The European Union has undergone the three basic integration types; economic, political and cultural integrations. Althougth political integration was important, the economic integration was the most significant integration type. In the long run, cultural integration continues to be a problem. Cultural integration can be seen as a sociological problem because of its advantages and disadvantages that affect the European integration.Most of the researchers and experts have focused on economic and political phases rather than cultural processes. In this study, an approach which centred on cultural integration towards European integration process will be examined. The effects of cultural factors will be analyzed within the framework of European integration and European identity.

In this paper, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the boundedness of a fractional integration type operator with variable upper limit are obtained under different parameters in weighted Lebesgue spaces.

In this paper, the stabilization control and tracking control for a bilinear system of u-integration type are investigated. By applying the Zhang-gradient (ZG) method, a ZG stabilization controller is designed and proposed to realize the stabilization control of the bilinear system. In order to show the superiority of the proposed ZG stabilization controller for the stabilization control of the bilinear system, the comparison with the controller designed by means of the back-stepping (BS) technique is conducted via a simulation. Besides, we design and propose two ZG tracking controllers for the tracking control of the bilinear system with one output and two outputs. In addition, simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed ZG controllers in fulfilling the stabilization and tracking control of the bilinear system.

In this paper, we propose some biologically motivated local image-sensor adaptation methods. The special feature of these methods is, that they change the integration time of the imager on the pixel level. Using these methods, low dynamic-range integration type CMOS sensors will be able to perceive high dynamic-range scenes, and at the same time, compress their dynamic range by keeping high contrast and without introducing nonexisting edges.

In this chapter the history, status and future developments in the critical areas of MEMS encapsulation and interconnections are briefly introduced. The pressure of cost reduction and the requirements of increasing functionality are driving the miniaturization of packaging. As MEMS and sensors are entering new applications, they need to communicate and act autonomously as a system within physical dimensions which allow embedding them in everyday articles and even in flexible shapes. Therefore, wafer-level packaging and vertical via interconnections between the different components is getting more important. Closer integration of frontend and backend technologies through wafer level and 3D integration type of concepts are needed to enable higher functionality and in the same time to reduce the high manufacturing costs of MEMS packaging. This chapter looks at the main functions of hermetic encapsulation.

The current project asks the questions: Do “women's ways of knowing,” particularly women's ways of knowing God as evidenced in the literature on women's spirituality, imply that women have a unique contribution to make to the integration literature? Do feminine perspectives on integration provide a necessary ‘corrective’ to the largely theoretica literature? Based on a review of feminist contributions to theology, spirituality, philosophy, and psychology, it was hypothesized that female authors' contributions to the integration literature would emphasize practical, clinical, and experiential integration. A content analysis of the past ten years of integration articles in the Journal of Psychology and Theology and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity was conducted to examine the relationship between gender and type of integration. Significant variations in the frequency of male and female first authorship across types of integration were found. Gender differences in the frequency of interdisciplinary, intradisciplinary-clinical, and faith-praxis integration articles contributed most towards the variations: Female authors were more likely to author clinical and faith-praxis integration articles, and male authors were more likely to author interdisciplinary integration articles. Implications are explored regarding the benefits of including feminine thought as an integral partner in the task of integration and spiritual formation.

z=0 bkz , where p ≥ 0 is an integer and bk are arbitrary complex numbers, is considered in the space AR of the functions analytic in the disc {|z| < R}. In [5] a power series description of the commutant of Mp was given by the author. Here we continue these investigations showing cases when the operators of the commutant are or are not isomorphisms.

This paper analyses the nature and details of the association that the integration of social and environmental considerations with corporate strategy has for different competitive advantages and innovation activities at the firm level. Its objective is to answer the question as to whether a positive link exists between integration and the effects of environmental and social performance on these different dimensions of economic performance. The question of the specific form of this relationship is also raised. These questions are analysed using cluster analysis and regression models. Results are presented for four different dimensions of competitive advantage, and for two types of innovation activity. These raise the possibility that the process of integration is more important for bringing about a positive link than a resulting integration type. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

This paper develops a new, simple, general analytical method for optimizing the detection performance of a radar. The method applies to any target fluctuation model, any pulse integration type (coherent, noncoherent, or mixed coherent/noncoherent), and any number of pulses integrated. The method provides long-missing insight into the optimization of detection performance and guidelines for efficient detection design. The results obtained provide a firm theoretical basis for the commonly accepted empirical rule-of-thumb of providing nominally 13 dB of signal-to-noise ratio to obtain efficient detection.