Search

Indonesia's high vulnerability to flood disasters has significant social and educational impacts, especially on secondary school students. This research addresses the need for an effective flood disaster literacy tool by developing a credible and validated test instrument designed for high school geography education. Using the ADDIE model, this research involved the stages of review, creation, implementation, testing, and assessment. The study involved a sample of 30 students from SMA Negeri 1 Beber, Cirebon Regency, who were assessed for their understanding through a specially designed flood disaster literacy test. The results showed a mix of correct and incorrect answers, with notable variations in students' understanding. The test instrument showed high validity and reliability, with a KR-21 coefficient of 0.963, confirming its robustness. Despite a few invalid items, the instrument effectively evaluated key aspects of flood disaster literacy, including knowledge, attitudes and practical skills. The findings highlight strengths and areas for improvement in students' understanding, emphasising the need for targeted educational strategies. This research contributes to improving geography education by integrating disaster literacy and offers a foundation for future curriculum development.

Background: Identifying pediatric talent in sports presents significant challenges due to the complex interaction of physical, psychological, and developmental factors. Research shows that traditional talent identification methods often result in low levels of accuracy, complicating the selection process for young athletes. Talent identification programs need to be conducted and monitored regarding their success. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the Indonesian Student Talent Identification Program in 2022. Methods: This research uses qualitative techniques with an evaluation approach using the Context model, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP). Data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, document studies, and observations. There were 34 provinces, and the sample consisted of 4,500 student respondents representing each district and city by random sampling. Data analysis using frequency analysis description. Result: (1) Context Evaluation: It has a solid legal and policy basis, and the government's goals and objectives are good, but it still needs to be on target. (2) Input Evaluation: participants, organization, financing, and committee have yet to be well implemented and need to be improved by the development of student talent identification each year. (3) Process Evaluation: Sports match regulations must constantly be updated by the development of the Indonesian Student Identification Program in 2022; the implementation of matches still needs to be adequately maximized. (4) Product Evaluation: Increased community participation and interest in organizing national potential young athletes training centers every year, the role of the media in sports publication and promotion to the community is increasingly expanded, and the search for potential athletes from the community needs to be optimized. Conclusion: Based on the discussion, the process of the Indonesian Student Talent Identification Program mechanism in 2022 refers to the achievements obtained by students and athletes both at the national level.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Listen English Daily Practices app in enhancing the listening skills of teenage learners at Mulawarman University, East Borneo, Indonesia. This study uses a quasi-experimental method sampling frame using pre-test and post-test. In collecting data, researchers use the listening test as an instrument. The results show that 44% of the participants achieved their goals in accordance with the criteria outlined in the intervention. The study involved 54 students from the English Department who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The findings of the hypothesis imply that the use of the Mobile Listen English Daily Practice App improves students' comprehensive understanding of listening skills and could be more widely integrated into English language teaching to enhance students' listening skills.

Interfaith marriage is a widely debated issue in Indonesia, particularly within the context of Islamic law. The prohibition of interfaith marriages has frequently been the subject of substantial criticism from an Islamic legal perspective. This article aims to critically examine the enforcement of this prohibition within Indonesia's marriage legal system. Employing a normative legal approach and literature analysis, the research explores various Islamic law perspectives on the prohibition of interfaith marriages. Additionally, this study analyzes the social, cultural, and legal impacts of this prohibition on Indonesian society. The findings indicate that the prohibition of interfaith marriages often conflicts with principles of justice, religious freedom, and human rights. In the context of Islamic law, several scholars and legal experts advocate for a more inclusive interpretation, emphasizing the importance of considering social context and justice in marital regulations. It is essential to formalize Islamic law by incorporating sociological and cultural aspects and aligning it with the national constitution. Therefore, the development of Indonesia's marriage legal system must consider universal values that evolve sociologically and culturally. In conclusion, this research underscores the need for reform in Indonesia's marriage legal system to accommodate individual needs and rights while respecting religious and cultural values. These changes are expected to provide legal recognition for interfaith marriages and promote a more inclusive and harmonious society.

Pemeliharaan kesehatan sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Semakin terpelihara kesehatan ditunjukkan dengan semakin baiknya kondisi kebugaran jasmani seseorang. Kebugaran jasmani akan mendukung dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Peningkatan kebugaran jasmani dapat tingkatkan dengan olahraga atau kegiatan rutin. Telah banyak program peningkatan kebugaran jasmani yang dilakukan, baik itu dengan biaya yang murah dan menyenangkan. Dalam lingkungan Pendidikan selain pendidik maupun pengajar, mahasiswa semua terlibat dan harus tetap menjaga kebugaran jasmani nya. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, diketahui bahwa kebugaran jasmani sangat penting bagi siapapun terutama mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani ataupun atlet. Kebugaran jasmani dapat dilakukan dengan melalui serangkaian tes, seperti lari cepat 60 meter, tes gantung angkat tubuh 60 detik, tes loncat tegak, tes baring duduk 60 detik, dan Bleep Tes. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani tahun akademik 2020/2021 Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta sebanyak 20 mahasiswa. Kegiatan penelitian dalam melihat tingkat kebugaran jasmani masa transisi endemi Covid -19 terlaksana dengan baik dan mendapatkan nilai hasil kebugaran jasmani pada mahasiswa angkatan 2020/2021 Pendidikan Jasmani FIK UNJ sebanyak 8 (30%) mahasiswa berada dibawah rata-rata.

The occurrence of flood disasters is an annual unavoidable event in the Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. This study aims to map the vulnerable areas to floods in the Mejobo District using spatial modelling. The parameters used to determine the vulnerability areas include soil type, elevation, population density, river buffer, rainfall, and land use. The research location is situated in the Mejobo District. The research method employed is the models and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, with the assistance of ArcGIS software for data processing and analysis. The research findings yield a final map depicting flood vulnerability, which indicates the distribution of flood-prone areas. Areas with a high level of flood vulnerability are dispersed across agricultural fields and areas adjacent to rivers, covering an area of 1,770 hectares. Meanwhile, areas with a moderate level of vulnerability are predominantly distributed in residential areas, covering an area of 1,907 hectares.

Implementing and communicating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the primary foundation for businesses to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals. In this perspective, mining operations are seen as one of the most harmful corporate activities when compared to other businesses that utilize natural resources; therefore, these companies must strongly implement and demonstrate higher CSR. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model was employed in this study to investigate the role of ownership structure and Sharia compliance in improving the CSR performance of Indonesian mining companies that were operated between 2012 and 2021. The findings reveal that institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and Sharia compliance are essential factors in increasing mining companies’ CSR performance, but state ownership and ownership concentration are not. This study addresses a vacuum in the current CSR literature for mining businesses. Furthermore, it gives extra information and insight for practitioners, including the Indonesian government as the CSR regulator, investors, management, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This is one of the first studies to examine ownership structure and Sharia compliance in relation to mining companies’ CSR performance, notably in Indonesia, Feasible Generalized Least Squares.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are essential for preschool children's development. However, rising childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles are concerning. A comprehensive analysis of the research landscape is necessary to inform better interventions and policies. Research Objectives: This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research on physical activity and physical fitness among preschool children in Asia from 2020 to 2024. Methods: The analysis was based on publications from Scopus and Web of Science, focussing on keyword co-occurrence, citation analysis, and co-authorship networks. We used tools like ScientoPy and VOSviewer to assess key metrics such as the number of publications, citations, and influential contributors. Findings/Results: The study reveals significant trends, with a peak in research productivity in 2022, reflecting heightened global attention on early physical health. China, Japan, and Iran led contributions, with China dominating in publication volume. Notable researchers included Saeed Ghorbani and emerging contributors Ahmad Chaeroni and Amir Dana. Leading journals, such as the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and Frontiers in Public Health, were prominent sources. Conclusion: Despite a decline in productivity post-2022, PA and PF research for preschoolers remains important. These shifting trends provide opportunities for researchers to explore new areas or innovate approaches. Significant contributions from Asian researchers also indicate a geographic shift in the global research focus. This study also highlights the importance of physical activity in preschoolers and how trends in scientific publications can help policymakers formulate more effective interventions to improve children's fitness.

Integrated defense is a core component of Indonesia's defense and security strategy, designed to protect the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national safety from both physical and non-physical threats, especially cyber threats. With the rapid technological advancements and the rise of social media, cyber threats have become a significant concern as they impact various aspects of national security. Indonesia's large population of internet and social media users heightens the urgency for strategic attention to cyber defense. The government has introduced various policies and regulations, such as those by the Ministry of Defense, to strengthen cyber security and integrate it into national defense mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, analyzing literature and legal frameworks to highlight the significance of integrated defense in addressing modern, asymmetric threats. In asymmetric warfare, non-military means, including cyber-attacks, are used to weaken a nation's ideological, political, economic, and social systems. The research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and adaptive strategy, involving collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society, to counter these complex threats. Strengthening cyber defense through education, training, and public awareness is crucial for safeguarding Indonesia's national security in the digital age.

The land in the South Tasikmalaya Regency is dominated by dry land with a steep and hilly land contour. In addition, the area has a shallow soil solum, so it has a high potential for erosion and landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate an integrated cultivation system that is economically feasible, but still maintains environmental sustainability. In this research, the aim is to formulate a model for the development of integrated plantation polyculture farming (IPPF) for the welfare of farmers. The method in this study uses a mixed method design. The location of the research carried out is in the Tasikmalaya Regency. The data used are the results of interviews and questionnaires to 250 IPPF farmers. The data used were obtained by multistage cluster random sampling. The sustainable IPPF development model was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This analysis is used to determine the various potential capital factors for agricultural development on the sustainable development of the IPPF and farmers' welfare. The results of the study show that the potential development capital [natural resources (SDA) capital, economic capital, socio-cultural capital, physical capital, and multifunctional IPPF], jointly or partially affect the IPPF sustainability. Human resource capital has no effect on the sustainable IPPF development, while the sustainable IPPF development affects the farmers' welfare levels, and the potential agricultural development capital and its multifunctionality affect the sustainable IPPF development and farmers' welfare. The IPPF development model that improves the welfare of farmers is carried out through the development of specific local superior commodities, increasing the added value and cooperation, developing access to credit, regenerating farmers, sustainable assistance and infrastructure improvements. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for the government in improving IPPF sustainability to achieve the welfare of its farmers. Apart from that, the model that has been developed can make a contribution to science in the form of a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence the sustainability of IPPF.

This research aims to analyze the position of virtual land buying, selling, and leasing practices using cryptocurrency in the metaverse from the perspective of Islamic economic law. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a normative juridical approach and data analysis techniques through three stages of analysis: focusing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The research found that the practice of buying, selling, and leasing virtual land in the metaverse is permissible because it meets the conditions and pillars of a valid contract. The transactions carried out involve intangible assets, namely virtual land and cryptocurrency. In these transactions, there is an expansion of the object of the ijarah (lease) contract, which typically involves the benefit of tangible objects or assets but can also include the benefit of intangible objects or assets, provided that the intangible asset requires another object (a tangible object) or a process that enables the asset to have utility, thus fulfilling the purpose of the contract in accordance with the principles of muamalah maliyyah (financial transactions). The development of the object of the ijarah contract is a scientific contribution to the development of Islamic economic law theory. Therefore, further research is needed on the status of intangible assets as objects of contracts to explore their benefits and legal status in accordance with Sharia principles.

This study aims to examine the effect of the application of two different learning models (Sport Education and Traditional Teaching) by pre-service teachers on the empowerment and self-confidence of students in physical education classes at secondary schools. The research design used was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest. The research sample was 429 high school students involving 8 schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 220 girls and 209 boys aged between 15 to 18 years old. The instruments used were the Psychological Empowerment Instrument and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). The results show that the Sport Education learning model can significantly increase student’s self-confidence and empowerment, while in the Traditional Teaching model student’s self-confidence and empowerment did not have a significant increase. The results of this study prove that the Sport Education model is better than the Traditional Teaching model.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sentimen pengguna terhadap antarmuka e-learning X menggunakan kombinasi Multinomial Naive Bayes dan pendekatan Design Thinking. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah banyaknya feedback negatif terkait antarmuka pengguna yang dianggap kurang intuitif. Data sentimen dari ulasan pengguna diklasifikasikan menggunakan algoritma Multinomial Naive Bayes, sementara Design Thinking digunakan untuk merancang solusi antarmuka yang lebih user-friendly. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa metode ini efektif meningkatkan sentimen positif pengguna, dengan perbaikan signifikan dalam pengalaman dan kepuasan pengguna terhadap antarmuka e-learning X, Serta rekomendasi untuk pengembangan aplikasi e-learning. Abstract This research aims to analyze user sentiment towards the e-learning interface X using a combination of Multinomial Naive Bayes and Design Thinking approaches. The problem faced was the large number of negative feedback regarding the user interface which was considered less intuitive. Sentiment data from user reviews is classified using the Multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm, while Design Thinking is used to design more user-friendly interface solutions. The results show that this method is effective in increasing positive user sentiment, with significant improvements in user experience and satisfaction with the X e-learning interface As well as recommendations for developing e-learning applications.

The semiconductor oxide material titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a number of strategic uses, such as an antimicrobial, self-cleaning, photocatalyst, and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Despite the fact that his substance is naturally obtained from the ilmenite (FeTiO3) mineral, there have been few investigations in this field. This work produced heterogenous TiO2 nanocrystals from ilmenite extraction, which were then subjected to post-hydrothermal treatment at a range of temperatures of 80, 100, 120, and 150 °C. In the present study, it was examined how temperature change affected the optical characteristics, crystal structure, and prospective integration of TiO2 nanocrystals into DSSC. The obtained TiO2 nanocrystals were identified as anatase phase by the X-ray diffraction analysis. As a result of raising the post-hydrothermal temperature from 80 to 150 °C, the crystallite size of heterogenous TiO2 nanocrystals was successfully enhanced from 58.09 to 72.48 nm. The band gap energy (Eg) may be lowered from 2.81 to 2.65 eV by increasing the size of the crystallites. The greatest open circuit voltage (Voc) measured by the voltage test findings was 16.80 mV. According to the study's findings, heterogenous TiO2 nanocrystals synthesized from the ilmenite mineral might be used in dye-sensitized solar cell applications.

Several studies have shown the effects of that physical exercise can improve cognitive function.1

ABSTRACT. The immediate early gene exhibits activation markers in the nervous system consisting of ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos and is related to synaptic plasticity, especially in the hippocampus. Immediate early gene expression is affected by physical exercise, which induces direct ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos expression. Objective: To assess the impact of exercise, we conducted a literature study to determine the expression levels of immediate early genes (ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1). Methods: The databases accessed for online literature included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The original English articles were selected using the following keywords in the title: (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (c-Fos) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (ARC) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (EGR-1 OR zif268) AND (Hippocampus). Results: Physical exercise can affect the expression of EGR-1, c-Fos, and ARC in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain involved in learning and memory. High-intensity physical exercise can increase c-Fos expression, indicating neural activation. Furthermore, the expression of the ARC gene also increases due to physical exercise. ARC is a gene that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory, changes in synaptic structure and increased synaptic connections, while EGR-1 also plays a role in synaptic plasticity, a genetic change that affects learning and memory. Overall, exercise or regular physical exercise can increase the expression of ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1 in the hippocampus. This reflects the changes in neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity that occur in response to physical activity. These changes can improve cognitive function, learning, and memory. Conclusion: c-Fos, EGR-1, and ARC expression increases in hippocampal neurons after exercise, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis associated with learning and memory.

The Citarum River is facing pollution and damage due to domestic and industrial activities. The provincial and national governments have implemented several programs to address the Citarum issue. One key aspect of rehabilitating the Citarum River basin is the increase in environmental awareness among the community. This research aims to examine the influence of the Citarum Harum Program on the formation of Eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum. A survey was conducted with 393 respondents who reside along the banks of the Upper Citarum River, distributed across the 8 sectors of the Citarum Harum Program. The research instruments used include structured questionnaires, documentary studies, and interview guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The results of the study indicate that Eco-literacy (ECO) has a positive correlation with the handling of existing problems (HP) with a t-value of 1.136. Eco-literacy (ECO) has a negative correlation with the physical, social, and environmental characteristics (CH) with a t-value of -0.486, as well as with the occurrence of problems with a t-value of -0.237. This suggests that the formation of eco-literacy among the communities in Upper Citarum is highly dependent on the efforts undertaken by the task force. However, there is currently no connectivity between the knowledge and attitudes of the community towards actions in the restoration of river pollution and damage.

The nexus between migration and agricultural transformation encapsulates the dynamics of rural community livelihoods. Existing studies have not explicitly delineated the landscape of out-migration from rural regions in Indonesia. This study aims to elucidate migration behaviors intertwined with the lives of farming households and the utilization of remittances for agricultural investment activities. Through a comprehensive examination of literature and meta-analyses encompassing various migration cases in Indonesia, the findings reveal that both local and international migration by rural residents illustrate the adaptive strategies employed by households to cope with constrained income within the agricultural sector and limited employment prospects outside it in their villages. The enduring bond of rural communities with the agricultural sector aligns with the discernible pattern of remittance utilization, where a portion is earmarked for agricultural investments, such as land acquisition, including rice fields. The outcomes of this meta-analysis offer a holistic perspective on the relationship between migration and agriculture in Indonesia, serving as a foundation for optimizing the potential of migrants through well-tailored reintegration strategies aimed at mitigating poverty in rural areas.

Cost and benefit analysis is carried out to assess whether the costs associated with financing a feasibility study outweigh the potential benefits. Cost refers to the financial resources used in conducting the study, while benefits cover possible risks of project failure, including opportunity costs, start-up costs, and capital costs. A comprehensive evaluation is carried out to determine whether the costs associated with funding the feasibility study outweigh the potential benefits. This research approach uses a qualitative approach, where the method focuses on research by describing the phenomena that occur. The type of research used is descriptive. Data collection with biometric mapping was carried out on the VOSViewer application, then, in the text format of the data, which was inputted and analyzed with VOSViewer, the results of research developments in the implementation of the smart city program obtained the conclusion. The results of the expansion of the regions revealed the gloomy situation of the government's performance and the development of the public in the 70 regions resulting from the expansion. In addition, the process of regional expansion is the strengthening of ethnic and religious identity politics and the rise of narrow regional insights. Regional expansion is the best solution for every problem that occurs in the region. The creation of justice and equity between the central and regional governments. The formation of new autonomous regions is expected to bring services closer to the community, the implementation of an effective and efficient government wheel and democratization at the regional level.

This research delves into the intricate interplay between leadership styles, eco-innovation, and energy efficiency in the Indonesian public sector, examining the roles of green transformational leadership and ethical leadership. Acknowledging the pivotal role of public sector institutions in fostering sustainable practices, the study addresses the ongoing debate surrounding the efficacy of these leadership styles in the context of eco-innovation and energy efficiency. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected from 227 faculty members across various Indonesian public sector institutions through a questionnaire. SmartPLS 4 software was employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that green transformational leadership positively influences eco-innovation, yet it does not directly impact energy efficiency. Conversely, ethical leadership does not directly drive eco-innovation but demonstrates a positive association with energy efficiency. Eco-innovation emerges as a direct contributor to energy efficiency. Significantly, the research identifies eco-innovation as a mediator between green transformational leadership and energy efficiency. However, this mediating effect is not observed in the relationship between ethical leadership and energy efficiency. The study underscores the need for leadership emphasizing environmental consciousness and ethics, coupled with the promotion of eco-innovation, to effectively attain sustainability and energy efficiency objectives within the Indonesian public sector.

Dewasa ini timbul kesenjangan ekonomi di tengah-tengah jemaat. Gereja harus berperan di dalam mengatasi permasalahan perkeonomian umat. Itulah sebabnya peran pendeta sangatlah strategis, karena gereja secara keseluruhan dimotori oleh pendeta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan desain modul enterpreneurship Kristen dalam upaya menghasilkan skill mahasiswa yang berkualitas dan efektif dalam mewujudkan pelayanan holistik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Langkah-langkah yang digunakan diantaranya: potensi dan masalah, pengumpulkan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, dan revisi produk. Pengembangan produk yang dilaksanakan pada penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap menghasilkan produk akhir, yaitu modul enterpreneurship Kristen. dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Buku ajar yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini merupakan pengembangan dari berbagai sumber; dan penelitan dan pengembangan ini menghasilkan produk berupa buku ajar berbentuk buku ajar sebagai upaya peningkatan skill mahasiswa teologi dalam pelayanan holistik

The rapid climate change and its negative impacts have garnered global attention towards carbon emission mitigation efforts. The use of electric vehicles and individual energy-saving behaviors plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions from the transportation sector. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of individual attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on the intention and behavior of energy-saving, particularly in the context of electric vehicle usage. This study employs a quantitative approach and a survey method using a Likert-scale questionnaire. The sample of respondents consists of electric vehicle users selected through random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires with a scale ranging from 1 to 5, and a total of 313 samples were used for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results of the analysis indicate that an individual's attitude towards behavior plays a significant role in influencing the intention and behavior of energy-saving. Perceived behavioral control also directly influences energy-saving behavior. However, subjective norms do not have a significant impact on intention and energy-saving behavior. These findings suggest that to promote individual energy-saving behavior, there should be an emphasis on cultivating positive attitudes towards energy-saving practices and factors affecting behavioral control. This research provides valuable insights into the factors influencing individual energy-saving behavior in the context of electric vehicle usage. With a better understanding of these factors, we can contribute to global efforts to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change.

Tourism sector nowadays is one of sector that contributed to Indonesian economy. One of effort to ensure that people can get economic benefit from tourism sector are development of tourism villages. Tourism village can be defined as forms of accommodation, attractions and supporting facilities that are integrated with the life, traditions and local wisdom of rural communities. The development of rural tourism is a form of community-based tourism. Community-based tourism is a platform for local communities to gain economic benefits by offering tourism products that include local people's lives, culture and natural resources. One of village that success on managed their tourism sector is Pujon Kidul Tourism Village that located in Pujon District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. But nowadays, Pujon Kidul Tourism Village threatened decline of competitiveness caused by decline of tourist visits and lack quality of human resources. This research aim to identify problems in the development of community-based tourism in the Pujon Kidul Tourism Village along with their root causes by using fishbone analysis and Miles Huberman interactive model. The results of the research show that the main problem of tourism development in Pujon Kidul Village is the decline in competitiveness. The decline in competitiveness is caused by the post-pandemic of COVID-19 visit rate not yet recovering and the low quality of human resources.

The purpose of this study was to develop a game-based freestyle soccer training model for elementary school children aged 10-12 years and to find out the increase in students' interest in the game-based freestyle soccer training model for elementary school children aged 10-12 years. The method used is Research & Development with data analysis techniques used are qualitative descriptive analysis techniques and quantitative analysis techniques. This is intended to be able to reach or process all data or information so that a comprehensive explanation will be obtained. The number of samples is 20 respondents for the small test and 40 respondents for the large test. The steps taken in the research include: (1) Product design in the form of the results of a series of initial studies (2) Design validation by experts (3) Design improvement from validation results by experts (4) Limited product trials (6) Product revision (7) carry out the pre-test (8) re-test of use (9) Revise the product again (10) Implement the product after it has been repaired and is declared effective so that later the product can be applied (11) carry out the post-test. This study concludes that the game-based freestyle soccer exercise model can be applied effectively and there is an increase in student interest in the game-based freestyle soccer exercise model.

This study aims to determine the effect of Arm Muscle Explosive Power, Hand Eye Coordination and Achievement Motivation on Spin Pass Skills in DKI Jakarta Rugby Athletes. The research sample was 45 DKI Jakarta Rugby Athletes. The research approach used in this study was multivariate associative, with survey methods and test and non-test techniques. The analysis technique uses a path analysis approach at a significance level of 0.05. the conclusion of each research finding shows (1) There is a direct influence between each independent variable {Arm Muscle Explosive Power (X1), Hand Eye Coordination (X2), and Achievement Motivation (X3), (2) There is a direct effect of each independent variable {Arm Muscle Explosive Power (X1), Hand Eye Coordination (X2), and Achievement Motivation (X3) have a direct influence on Spin Pass Skills (Y)}, (3) There is an indirect effect of Arm Muscle Explosive Power (X1) through Achievement Motivation (X3) on Spin Pass Skills. (Y). There is an indirect effect of Eye-Hand Coordination (X2) through Achievement Motivation (X3) on Spin Pass Skills. (Y). Thus, Spin Pass Skills can be improved through increased Arm Muscle Explosive Power, Hand Eye Coordination and Achievement Motivation

This study aims to determine the effect of Interval Training and Motivation on increasing Vo2Max ability. The implementation of the research took place during the training process planned from June 2021 to August 2021. The research time was 2 months, the number of exercises was 18 meetings, with a frequency of 1 week 3 times. The research design used in this study is (pretest-posttest control group design). The results of this study have the effect of interval training and motivation on increasing Vo2max. The test results with the value of the interval training results 0.00 < 0.05 are declared significant, so interval training before and before being given treatment can be concluded that so from the results obtained that Interval Running Exercises have an effect on VO2max then the test results on training without exercise obtained 0.02 < 0.05, it is stated significant with exercise without exercise before being given treatment can guarantee that exercise without training methods has an effect on VO2max but it can be said that interval training has a more significant effect on increasing VO2max for athletes futsal.

The industrial revolution in the agricultural sector is faced with demographic challenges (ageing), so intelligent technology, artificial intelligence, big data, and augmented reality are strategic choices. The application of information technology has a direct or indirect impact on Indonesia's agricultural sector, so coffee agribusiness cooperatives' information and communication technology (ICT) is also increasingly needed to respond to market demand. Along with the development of automation, physical, cyber systems and IoT, coffee cooperatives need to be ready and adapt to the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in capturing market demand opportunities, value chains, and the added value of coffee agribusiness. ICT's presence can improve the performance and institutional sustainability of coffee farmers in rural areas, including cooperatives. Performance is a description of the achievement of organizational tasks to realize the goals, objectives, mission and vision of the organization and its business. The performance of the cooperative describes the services provided to its members and the community/farmers as measured by using indicators to see the working mechanism of the organization and its business that has been carried out and to determine the achievement of the objectives obtained. Meanwhile, the ability to innovate is essential, especially the use of ICT, which is deemed necessary to support the performance and sustainability of coffee cooperatives, so that cooperatives can compete, be stable, or survive in the era of increasing free competition. . Quantitative descriptive method with Linear Regression analysis was used to identify the effect of cooperative capability on the performance and sustainability of cooperatives in several coffee cooperatives in West Java. The study's results found that the power of the cooperative did not significantly affect the performance of the Coffee Cooperative. Still, the capability of the cooperative had a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of the Coffee Cooperative. At the same time, the performance of the cooperative has a positive and significant impact on the sustainability of the coffee cooperative. The ability of cooperatives has a positive and significant effect on sustainability mediated by the performance of the Coffee Cooperative in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study recommends increasing the capabilities of cooperatives in membership, management, and business models to become sustainable cooperatives based on information technology to achieve added value from market-driven coffee products.

Telah dilakukan investigasi dengan terhadap desain modifikasi lubang pengisian gas helium pada end plug batang uji PRTF dengan metode simulasi CFD. Simulasi dilakukan untuk memprediksi apakah gas helium dapat mengalir dengan baik ke dalam kelongsong melalui desain modifikasi. Dari simulasi ini diharapkan akan diperoleh data mengenai pengaruh perubahan bentuk dan dimensi dari lubang pengisian gas helium. Data tersebut selanjutnya akan digunakan sebagai panduan untuk menentukan apakah desain modifikasi bisa berfungsi lebih baik sehingga dapat menggantikan desain original. Data masukan yang diperlukan untuk simulasi CFD adalah geometri dari model, jenis material yang digunakan, dan parameter-parameter kondisi untuk persiapan proses pengelasan seperti tekanan dan waktu. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses simulasi CFD sesuai dengan kondisi yang terjadi di mesin las orbital TIG. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa desain modifikasi mampu mengalirkan gas helium ke dalam kelongsong dua kali lebih cepat dibanding dengan desain original. Selain itu hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan bahwa desain modifikasi sama stabilnya dengan desain original dalam mempertahankan tekanan gas helium pada tekanan 1,5 bar. Kata kunci: CFD, simulasi, PRTF, bahan bakar nuklir

Agricultural insurance is a risk-sharing business arrangement to protect farmers who encounter problems with adverse selection and moral hazards caused by asymmetric information. This situation leads to market inefficiencies since people with more information commonly take advantage of less informed people. This study aimed to compare the performance difference in the economic efficiency of rice farming between Rice Farming Insurance (RFI) participants and non-participant farmers. Primary data were collected from 202 farmers in Tangerang Regency. The marginal value product–marginal factor cost (MVP-MFC) approach was utilized to estimate resource use efficiency in rice production. The t-test was applied to determine differences in input allocation. The MVP-MFC discovered that the use of seeds was efficient for RFI participant farmers. Meanwhile, land, organic fertilizer, and pesticide had not been efficient, and inputs of inorganic fertilizer and labor were inefficient. Conversly, non-participant farmers indicated that the use of land, seeds, organic fertilizers, and pesticides had not been efficient, but the use of inorganic fertilizers and labor was inefficient. However, the comparison test revealed no difference in the input allocation efficiency between RFI participants and non-participant farmers. Hence, innovation in media and extension methods were required to change farmers’ behavior. Government policies were also necessary to ensure the availability of inputs. In addition, avoiding adverse selection and moral hazards in agricultural insurance was required to identify hazardous groups.

Based on the ranking of 20 Indonesian Green Universities by UI Green Metric 2022, green campuses are dominated by public campuses that do not have a strong foundation in Islamic values. In fact, not a single Muhammadiyah and 'Aisyiyah Universities (PTMA) was included in the top 10 ranking release. Why has PTMA, which has developed Green Fiqh, not been able to present itself as a green campus? This research aims to identify Green Fiqh in Islamic Religion learning at PTMA. This qualitative research uses a thematic approach with a narrative-descriptive-explanative strategy. The research was conducted at three PTMAs in Yogyakarta. The findings obtained are: first, the Green Fiqh study materials in learning Islamic religion courses at PTMA are not optimal. Even though Muhammadiyah has created Green Fiqh products such as Environmental Fiqh, Disaster Fiqh, Water Fiqh and Agrarian Fiqh. Second, learning about Islamic religion at the three PTMAs where the emphasis is still limited to the basics of Islamic religious teachings, such as Aqidah, morals and worship. The Aqidah theme raised also does not optimally touch the role of rububiyah monotheism in preserving the environment. The moral theme also does not touch much on actual contemporary problems, including the problem of global climate change. Third, the Al-Ma'un ethos which is the foundation and spirit of Muhamamdiyah taught in the three meanings of PTMA has not yet developed. Al-Ma'un's main mission is only interpreted as fighting religious liars in a narrow sense. Al-Ma'un has not been developed towards "new" religious liars, namely those who destroy nature and the environment. Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Green Fiqh, Islamic Value

Huruf hijaiyah merupakan huruf-huruf arab yang terhimpun menjadi satu sehingga memiliki makna tertentu dan berguna untuk melatih ejaan membaca menulis Al Qur'an. Ilmu tajwid merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kaidah serta cara-cara membaca Al-Qur’an dengan baik dan benar. Tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah merancang Aplikasi Belajar Mengaji Pengenalan Huruf Hijaiyah dan Hukum Tajwid melalui suatu alat komunikasi yang disebut smartphone. Alat komunikasi ini dapat membantu orang yang ingin belajar huruf hijaiyah dan hukum tajwid karena dapat dibawa kemana saja. Pada aplikasi ini pengguna akan belajar pengenalan huruf hijaiyah berharokat fathah, kasrah dan dhommah. Selain itu, pengguna akan belajar cara membaca Al Qur'an yang benar dengan hukum tajwid seperti hukum bacaan mad thabi'i, mad far'i, ikhfa' syafawi, idgham mitslain, izhar syafawi, gunnah mim tasydid, gunnah nun tasydid, izhar, idgham, iqlab, dan ikhfa'. Konsep pembelajaran pada aplikasi ini dirancang secara menarik dan terdapat kuis untuk evaluasi pembelajaran. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan aplikasi ini adalah metode waterfall. Hasil dari rancangan sistem pada penulisan skripsi ini adalah sebuah aplikasi yang berjalan pada sistem operasi Android, dimana terdapat beberapa menu yang memberikan pembelajaran ilmu tajwid. Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode pengujian black-box yang berfokus pada persyaratan functional suitability perangkat lunak dan kuesioner yang berfokus pada persyaratan usability perangkat lunak. Setelah dilakukan pengujian, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa secara functional suitability dan usability sistem aplikasi ini sudah dapat menghasilkan output yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci: Hijaiyah, Tajwid, Model Waterfall, Android

We synthesised and biologically evaluated two new hybrid probes [131I]BPF-01 and [131I]BPF-02 which were built from three structural entities: benzothiazole-phenyl, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and iodine-131. These probes were designed for potential applications in assisting surgical procedures of solid cancers. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that fluorescent probes BPF-01 (31.23 μg/mL) and BPF-02 (250 μg/mL) were relatively not toxic to normal immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells, as indicated by the percentage of cell survival above 50 %. Furthermore, both probes displayed low to moderate anticancer activity against the breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and DU-145). The probe BPF-01 apparently showed an accumulation in the tumour tissues, as suggested by ex vivo fluorescence examinations. In addition, the cellular uptake study suggests that hybrid probe [131I]-BPF-01 was potentially accumulated in the MCF-7 cell line with the highest uptake of 16.11 ± 1.52 % after 2 h of incubation, approximately 50-fold higher than the accumulation of iodine-131 (control). The magnetic bead assay suggests that [131I]-BPF-02 and [131I]-BPF-02 showed a promising capability to interact with translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Moreover, the computational data showed that the binding scores for ligands 7–8, BPF-01 and BPF-02, and [131I]-BPF-01 and [131I]-BPF-02 in the TSPO were considerably high. Accordingly, fluorescent probes BPF-01 and BPF-02, and hybrid probes [131I]BPF-01 and [131I]BPF-02 can be further developed for targeting cancer cells during intraoperative tumour surgery.

Koperasi sebagai kelompok ekonomi petani merupakan salah satu terobosan guna melakukan pengembangan usaha ekonomi dengan cara memberdayakan petani sehingga mereka dapat mengelola usaha pertanian sendiri secara mandiri dan profesional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kondisi internal dan eksternal Koperasi Kopi Prima Jaya dan menetapkan prioritas strategi alternatif yang cocok diterapkan sebagai upaya pengembangan usaha Koperasi Kopi Prima Jaya. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal, faktor eksternal dan strategi alternatif sedangkan analisis AHP digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif strategi. Penelitian yang didesain secara kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Wawancara mendalam pada 6 informan dilakukan guna memperoleh data primer. Hasil analisis SWOT didapatkan nilai IFAS sebesar 2,902 dan nilai EFAS sebesar 2,799. Posisi koperasi berada pada kuadran I yaitu untuk mendukung strategi agresif dan dari hasil matriks SWOT diperoleh 12 strategi alternatif. Hasil analisis AHP membuktikan bahwa strategi pengembangan koperasi yang paling tepat adalah strategi S01 dengan perolehan nilai 0,70327. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pemahaman budidaya tanaman kopi merupakan prioritas alternatif strategi yang dapat digunakan koperasi untuk meningkatkan pengembangan usaha. Kata kunci: AHP; koperasi; kopi; strategi pengembangan; SWOT; Temanggung

This research was qualitative research with descriptive approach, which aimed determined the level of success of students in solving representation problems based on the type of representation, namely numbers, algebra, geometry, and statistics and to know their thinking processes. The subjects of this study were first semester students at Patompo University who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The subjects of this study were 2 students in each representational domain. Data were analyzed to determine the results of problem solving and students' thinking processes in solving representation problems in mathematics. Based on the results of the research on solving visual representation problems based on TRM-01 and TRM-02, most of the students failed especially in algebraic material which was caused by difficulties in solving representation problems. This is shown based on the percentage of students' success in solving representation questions.

This study aims to develop a play-based learning model for basic volleyball techniques and to assess the effectiveness of the volleyball basic technique learning through the approach in improving the learning outcomes on volleyball subject in the juniour high school. The research type was research and development which adopted the 10-step theory of Borg and Gall.. This study used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The study designed employed a pretest-posttest control group design to determine the initial abilities of the experimental group and the control group. The significant test of the effectiveness of the basic technique according to play-based volleyball learning model waas rigidly determined by using the t-test. Prior to data analysis, the results of the increase in the experimental group and the control group (n = 40) in the volleyball basics technique were tested for normality using the real level = 0.05.. The results of this study indicate a significant value for the experimental group data of 0.13 and the control group data of 0.09. Because the significant value of the two groups is greater than 0.05, the overall data for the study group is normally distributed. The effectiveness test of the basic techniques of volleyball used the t-test with t count 10.524 and t table 2.024. Accordingly, the basic volleyball techniques of the experimental group was more effective than that of the control group. Junior high school students are thus given an effective and efficient play-based model for learning fundamental volleyball skills.

The purpose of this research is to find out the development of mudharabah financing at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period; the development of net income at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period; the suitability of the application of mudharabah financing accounting at Bank Muamalat Indonesia with PSAK Number 105; the effect of mudharabah financing on net income at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period.This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The data sources of this research are primary data obtained through interviews with the Branch Manager of Bank Muamalat KCP Ujung Berung, and secondary data in the form of financial statements for the 2016-2020 period published on the official website of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. And the data analysis used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis, simple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and t test analysis. The results of the study show that 1) the development of mudharabah financing tends to decrease from the 2016-2020 period. 2) net profit for the period 2016-2020 tends to increase. 3) the accounting aplication of mudharabah financing at Bank Muamalat Indonesia is in accordance with PSAK Number 105. 4) Mudharabah financing has an effect net income with a value thitung ˂ ttabel yaitu -0,591 ˂ 2,101 and a significance value 0,562 ˃ 0,05. This means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, then mudharabah financing has no effect on net income at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period.

The earthquake and tsunami disasters in Aceh Province, Indonesia led to several injuries, deaths, unfound bodies, and high property losses on 26 December 2004. This hazardous period has reportedly become a valuable case for Syiah Kuala University, where various solutions are being considered for eradicating subsequent occurrences. Therefore, this study aims to determine the implementation patterns of the disaster curriculum developed and applied at Syiah Kuala University, to achieve a DPC (Disaster Preparedness Campus) reputation and enhance DP (Disaster Preparedness) among community members, especially students. A qualitative verification method outlined as a description was used, due to being an inductive approach to the entire experimental process. Data collection was also carried out through observation and literature review, as well as several interviews with the following, (1) The head of the technical implementation unit general course of Syiah Kuala University, (2) The coordinator and lecturer of disaster and environmental knowledge course, and (3) The students of Syiah Kuala University studying the course. After this process, a Delphi method was used to analyze the data obtained, with the outcomes confirmed by a competent expert. Based on the results, three important steps were found to improve disaster preparedness among the people of Aceh and Syiah Kuala University students, namely (1) The establishment of the Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research Center in 2006, (2) The establishment of the Master Program Study of Disaster Science in the university's Postgraduate Program in 2010, and (3) Development of the general course of disaster knowledge and environment in 2016, which was a compulsory requirement for all students from various faculties, departments, and programs. This indicated that Syiah Kuala University was the first campus to mandate a disaster science course in Indonesia. These results are expected to improve disaster preparedness for students, with Syiah Kuala University becoming a DPC (Disaster Preparedness Campus) in Indonesia.

Energi terbuang dalam aliran air rumah tangga dapat dijumpai dengan mudah pada keran, shower, penyiram toilet, dan peralatan lainnya pada sistem pemipaan yang air pada sistem tersebut hanya mengalir untuk membersihkan dan kemudian menjadi substansi yang terbuang. Energi dari air yang mengalir dapat dikumpulkan dan diubah menjadi bentuk energi lain yang lebih bernilai, seperti energi listrik. Dalam bentuk energi listrik, energi tersebut dapat secara langsung digunakan ataupun disimpan. Dalam perkembangan yang lebih lanjut dari generator turbin mini yang kompak (mini compact turbine-generator, MCTG), air yang mengalir pada setiap bagian dari sistem pemipaan rumah diusulkan untuk dikumpulkan dalam bentuk daya listrik. Namun, MCTG konvensional menghasilkan tegangan yang lebih rendah yang tidak sesuai untuk penggunaan secara langsung pada berbagai peralatan listrik. Tegangan yang dibangkitkan juga tidak sesuai dengan rating tegangan terminal baterai sebagai media penyimpan energi listrik. Pada penelitian ini, diusulkan peningkatan kinerja keluaran MCTG untuk memproduksi tegangan yang lebih tinggi dengan menambahkan konverter penaik tegangan arus searah yang dapat beroperasi secara tunggal maupun seri (cascade) untuk mengatasi permasalahan tegangan keluaran MCTG serta permasalahan efisiensi konverter penaik tegangan jika bekerja pada nilai duty cycle yang tinggi. Desain dan simulasi telah dibuat untuk mendapatkan kriteria yang diharapkan dalam pembangkitan tegangan listrik. Beberapa topologi diuji, yaitu sistem konverter tunggal, sistem konverter seri, sistem konverter seri dengan selector, dan sistem paralel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terbukti bahwa sistem paralel lebih baik daripada ketiga topologi lainnya karena dapat menghasilkan tegangan sesuai dengan tegangan referensi 14 V dan dapat menghasilkan efisiensi di atas 0,9 pada jangkauan putaran shaft rotor MCTG yang lebih lebar.

Di era saat ini, dosen dan guru harus lebih memperhatikan tuntutan industri 4.0 dalam menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi yang lebih inventif dan kreatif guna menghasilkan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang lebih menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul digital interaktif berbasis self learning pada mata kuliah karya tulis ilmiah, yang dilaksanakan di Universitas Negeri Makassar pada bulan November 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research & Development). Instrumen pengumpulan data observasi, angket, dan wawancara, sehinga analisis data mengunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Hasil pengembangan ini menunjukan bahwa kelayakan produk modul digital interaktif berbasis self learning yang dihasilkan dapat dilihat dari nilai akhir yang diperoleh penilaian ahli media dan materi pada uji alfa dan juga penilaian pengguna pada uji beta. Dimana nilai akhir yang diperoleh dari ahli media sebesar 90,62% dengan kategori sangat layak, kemudian nilai akhir yang diperoleh dari ahli materi sebesar 90,51% dengan kategori sangat layak, dan nilai akhir yang diperoleh dari penilaian pengguna sebesar 94,01% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa produk modul digital interaktif berbasis self learning sangat layak digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran untuk mahasiswa PGSD.

This study proposed a new approach for resizing image deal with quality and computational complexity. Here, previous methods in image resizing do analytical works to approximate the original picture element (pixel) or to remove high frequency coefficients. For images with huge pixel, this will result in computational burden due to number of multiplication and addition in the synthesized formula. Instead of the works, this study proposed a new approach in removing the coefficients by exploiting the second-order block matrix without the need to synthesize the formula. It can be called a fully numeric image resizing method. The result shows that the resized version of original image has peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) equal to 35.24 dB for resizing the famous Lena image which means compareable to the conventional which has PSNR value around 35 dB but here deriving analytical formula is not required. Reducing computational complexity is also achieved as expected with result only 16 addition involved with no multiplication required. This is lower than the conventional in term of computational complexity. Overall, the proposed method has a good balance for both performances than the conventional approaches.

This paper aims to describe the contribution of eco-literacy to building environmental caring behavior in Senior High School 1 Bandung. In capital urban of west java have an issue with various environmental damage, such as uncontrolled land use conversion and rising anthropogenic disaster. Thus the environment needs humans for its sustainability. The study used the student’s eco-literacy level and environmental caring behavior level. This research used a survey method with descriptive analysis through a quantitative approach. Primary data comes from direct interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, with secondary data from journals, books, and school documentation. Populations and samples were all students in 2nd grade with four classes from social majors. The data analysis techniques used a normality test, linearity test, coefficient of determination R square test, F-test, and t-test. The results of this paper show that the student’s eco-literacy has a middle category level and the environmental caring behavior of the students has a middle category level. Educational units must evaluate eco-literacy development indefinitely to build environmental caring behavior at a high category level.

SnO2 oxide powder was synthesized using the sol-gel method. SnO2 oxide powder was produced using a solution of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) and 25% ammonia (NH4(OH)) by annealing the final product for 4 hours at 900 °C. The pH variation was carried out at pH 7 and 9. XRD analysis showed that the structure of SnO2 formed was polycrystalline with a tetragonal crystal structure with crystal planes (110), (101); (200), (111), (210), (211), (220), (002), (310), (112), (301), (202), (321), (400), (222 ), (330) wherein the crystal plane (110) has the predominant structure. The crystal size using the Scherrer formula, varied from 56,204 and 54,936 nm for pH values ​​7 and 9. The size using HSP analysis, in the (110) plane the values ​​obtained were 561,594 and 543,901Å for pH 7 and 9. The crystal size decreased with increasing pH. Surface morphology was carried out by SEM analysis, obtained grain sizes of 71.5 and 62.32 nm at pH 7 and 9, respectively. The variation in pH mostly affected the size, shape, and morphology of SnO2.

Tenaga surya merupakan energi alternatif yang melimpah, ramah lingkungan dan biaya operasional yang rendah, namun penggunaan panel surya untuk menghasilkan energi listrik ada beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya listrik yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh iradiasi sinar matahari, suhu di sekitar panel surya, dan juga sudut datangnya sinar matahari. Dengan adanya hal tersebut akan menyebabkan daya yang dihasilkan akan mengalami fluktuasi dan tidak stabil. Adanya penghalang yang menghalangi sinar matahari terhadap sebagian permukaan panel surya juga menjadi persoalan serius, karena dapat menurunkan secara drastis daya yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya. Untuk mengurangi efek terhalangi sebagian tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan fungsi MPPT. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis pada beberapa algoritma pada MPPT. Serta dilakukan optimasi pada algoritma Firefly. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dengan algoritma firefly yang telah di optimasi dapat lebih efektif mengurangi efek terhalangi sebagian pada panel surya.

Conflict management is a method used to guide interactions within a social group, both between individuals and groups, to create harmony. In this context, it deals with conflict management within the church to create harmony and peace. But the fact is that many churches today are experiencing internal and external conflicts, not a few of which eventually the church has split, and many church denominations have broken up because they cannot resolve a conflict. The church does not have a reasonable basis for conflict management, so problem-solving tends to follow logic rather than the leading of the Holy Spirit or spiritual things. The purpose of this study is to explain the essential conflict management of the early church based on the Acts of the Apostles so that it can be a reference for today's church in resolving conflicts that occur within the church. The method used is a qualitative approach with an analytical description method, describing it in a hermeneutic way, namely by interpreting several verses in the story of the apostles, which then become the basis for conflict management. Researchers obtained research results: First, the Early Church Lived in Repentance. Second, the Early Church Lived in the Teachings of the Apostles or the Word of God. Third, the early church lived in prayer and close communion. Fourth, the Early Church Established Good Communication. Fifth, the Early Church Did Not Live in Selfishness.

This study uses spatial modeling to determine the potential location of a rubber processing factory in East Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU), South Sumatra, Indonesia. This descriptive study used the map overlay method. Besides, this study also used six parameters, namely number of population, rubber plantation area, land slope, land suitability, river flow availability, and road network availability. Those six parameters were overlaid and scored to generate a map of the potential location for the rubber processing factory in East OKU, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Our analysis results suggest that the most potential location was 27.412 ha (9 percent), while the area with medium and low potential was 267.952 ha (86 percent) and 15.155 ha (5 percent), respectively. Generally, the pattern of the most potential area followed the road network pattern and river network in East OKU because both road and river facilitate the provision of water resources, as well as distribution of raw materials and produced products. These results can be used as a reference for the government of East OKU Regency in constructing the factory. Besides, this study can also be used as a Geography learning material in the course of map and mapping, as well as Geography Information System.

The high incidence of breast cancer cases in the world requires the use of applicative methods. The 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer animal model is a widely used chemical-induced animal models for research on breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism related to DMBA induction remains unclear. Good understanding on DMBA-induced animal models is crucial for studies related to future breast cancer treatments as animal models will provide a deeper understanding of anticancer medication, specifically those aimed for treating breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop an DMBA-induced animal model for breast cancer. This study used female Wistar rats injected subcutaneously with DMBA as a carcinogen-induced agent (20 mg/kg) to induce tumor. Rat tumors were then evaluated and breast appearance was observed weekly, starting from day 28th after DMBA injection. Breast cancer tissue was then sampled and stored at -80°C until it was used for western blot and histological study. This study indicated that DMBA induced cancer in female Wistar rat’s breasts, and cytoplastic cells and lung metastatic was identified macroscopically and histopathologically. The metabolic sign was observed in the lung and breast sections. Interestingly, the DMBA induction in this study does not only induce organ cancers but also induces estrogen receptors and stimulates signaling of estrogen receptors α (ERα), ERβ, and Akt.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of management defined by an ethical and transparent relationship between the company and all stakeholders (relevant parties) in the form of community development, environmental and cultural preservation for future generations, diversity and the promotion of reducing social problems. As a matter of fact, the community feel cared for through PT Anugerah Langkat Makmur's (PT ALAM) CSR activities, whereas the company only produces semi-finished products or has no direct relationship with end consumers. Qualitative designed research using case study methods aims to determine the types and implementation of CSR programs at PT ALAM. Primary data collection was collected with in-depth observation and interview techniques, while secondary data was collected through desk study from Public Relation of PT ALAM. The collected data was analyzed descriptionally. The results show that PT ALAM has implemented corporate social marketing, corporate philanthropy, and socially responsible business practice program. CSR is implemented every year and has been internalized in its business structure. PT ALAM has implemented CSR programs in the form of education, construction of facilities and infrastructure, as well as socio-cultural and religious.

This study aims to analyze the reintegration problems faced by Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs). This study was conducted using a qualitative design in Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. Data was collected from IMWs who returned during the pandemic, brokers, and the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) staff and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that returnee migrants face problems such as the inability to manage remittances, poor investment choices, and the inability to run a business. A comprehensive reintegration policy is needed starting from pre-departure until the migrants return to their country of origin.

Abstract: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers. Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, paddy

High performance computing (HPC) is required for image processing especially for picture element (pixel) with huge size. To avoid dependence to HPC equipment which is very expensive to be provided, the soft approach has been performed in this work. Actually, both hard and soft methods offer similar goal which are to reach time computation as short as possible. The discrete cosine transformation (DCT) and singular values decomposition (SVD) are conventionally performed to original image by consider it as a single matrix. This will result in computational burden for images with huge pixel. To overcome this problem, the second order matrix has been performed as block matrix to be applied on the original image which delivers the DCT-SVD hybrid formula. Hybrid here means the only required parameter shown in formula is intensity of the original pixel as the DCT and SVD formula has been merged in derivation. Result shows that when using Lena as original image, time computation of the singular values using the hybrid formula is almost two seconds faster than the conventional. Instead of pushing hard to provide the equipment, it is possible to overcome computational problem due to the size simply by using the proposed formula.