175 results on '"J, Hayano"'
Search Results
2. The relationship between R amplitude in lead V5 (RV5) and left ventricular mass in the groups of adolescent subjects classified by body composition
- Author
-
S, Sugita, K, Takada, H, Takada, M, Nagashima, and J, Hayano
- Subjects
Male ,Electrocardiography ,Sex Factors ,Adolescent ,Japan ,Echocardiography ,Heart Ventricles ,Body Composition ,Humans ,Ventricular Function ,Body Weights and Measures ,Female ,Organ Size - Abstract
How the amplitude of the R wave in lead V5 (RV5) of the ECG represents the left ventricular (LV) mass was investigated in 894 students aged 15 (boys: 545, girls: 349). The influence of body composition [ie, percentage of body fat (%fat)] was taken into consideration. A significant correlation was found between RV5 amplitude and LV mass for both genders. However, the relationship was stronger for boys than for girls. The students were then divided into 3 groups; that is, those at either the top or bottom 10th percentile (low or high-fat range) and the rest of the students (middle-fat range), depending on the % fat calculated by the bioelectrical impedance method. The significant correlation between RV5 and LV mass was found only for the 2 groups of boys whose percentage fat was in the low or middle-fat range. The correlation coefficients were 0.40 and 0.34, respectively. Moreover, in the boys' low-fat range, the RV5 of students whose LV mass was large (or =90th percentile), was significantly higher (p0.01) than in the other ranges. Setting a particular cutoff point of RV5 in the low-fat range of boys improved sensitivity as well as specificity (20-30% better among all boys) for detecting large LV mass. These observations suggest that classification of subjects by body composition could be improve the reliability of ECG assessment for left ventricular hypertrophy, although the gender and number of subjects in whom improvement is expected are limited.
- Published
- 1999
3. Fractional removal rate of fat emulsion (K2) remains to be low in APOE3/3 phenotype subjects with serum triglyceride level above 180mg/dl
- Author
-
R, Ikeuchi, N, Sakuma, J, Hayano, and T, Fujinami
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ,Heterozygote ,Apolipoproteins E ,Phenotype ,Humans ,Female ,Hyperlipidemias ,Middle Aged ,Triglycerides ,Aged - Abstract
The relation between fractional catabolic rate (K2) of an intravenously injected fat emulsion, Intralipid, and the level of serum triglyceride (TG) was evaluated to cast light on TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism in 182 subjects who were homozygotes for the most common form of apoE3/3. Both normolipidemic individuals and primary hyperlipidemic patients were included. To assess the influence of variation in the apoE phenotype on fat emulsion metabolism, 25 subjects with the apoE 4/3 phenotype and 21 with apoE 3/2 phenotype were also evaluated. In the apoE 3/3 subjects, K2 decreased with increasing TG level up to 180mg/dl, but above 180mg/dl, K2 remained at a constant level. This TG value was therefore concluded to be a cut off beyond which the TG-dependent decrease in K2 disappeared. No apparent correlation between K2 and serum TG was observed in subjects with apoE 4/3 or 3/2 phenotypes. In subjects with TG above 180mg/dl, presumably both accelerated synthesis and limited removal are involved in the development of their hypertriglyceridemia. Since K2 demonstrated little change with increase of TG over 180mg/dl in apoE 3/3 subjects, we concluded that the capacity to catabolize fat emulsion reaches a kinetic saturation. The TG value of 180mg/dl may be a physiological significance. The relation between K2 and TG was specific in apoE 3/3, as it was not observed in subjects having apoE 4/3 or 3/2 phenotypes.
- Published
- 1998
4. Coronary disease-prone behavior among Japanese men: job-centered lifestyle and social dominance. Type A Behavior Pattern Conference
- Author
-
J, Hayano, K, Kimura, T, Hosaka, N, Shibata, I, Fukunishi, K, Yamasaki, H, Mono, and S, Maeda
- Subjects
Male ,Japan ,Social Dominance ,Risk Factors ,Discriminant Analysis ,Humans ,Coronary Disease ,Female ,Type A Personality ,Middle Aged ,Coronary Angiography ,Life Style ,Aged - Abstract
In Japan the type A behavior pattern, particularly its component of hostility, is known to have less value as a risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) than in the United States. We developed a questionnaire (Japanese Coronary-prone Behavior Scale [JCBS]) to investigate the behavioral correlates with CAD among contemporary Japanese persons. The JCBS was administered to 419 Japanese men undergoing coronary angiography; 310 of them had angiographic or clinical evidence or both of CAD, and 109 had no evidence of CAD. The group with CAD had more coronary risk factors than the group without CAD, but the two groups did not differ in type A behavior pattern as assessed with the Jenkins Activity Survey. Stepwise discriminant analysis, in which standard coronary risk factors were forced into the model, revealed that inclusion of nine JCBS items (scale C) in the model resulted in the best discrimination between the two groups. Cross-validation results showed that the error-rate estimates for the discriminant models that consisted only of standard coronary risk factors, only of scale C items, and of their combination were 34.7, 32.4, and 27.0%, respectively. The scale C items represented a job-centered lifestyle, social dominance, and suppressed overt type A behaviors. These results indicate that an independent behavior pattern prone to CAD is discernible among Japanese men and suggest that the behavior pattern may contain characteristics that can be differentiated from those that constitute the type A behavior pattern.
- Published
- 1998
5. Complex demodulation of cardiorespiratory dynamics preceding vasovagal (VV) syncope
- Author
-
L. Lipsitz, J. Hayano, S. Sakata, A. Okada, and R. Morin
- Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
- Author
-
J A Blumenthal, A Sherwood, M A Babyak, L L Watkins, R Waugh, A Georgiades, S L Bacon, J Hayano, R E Coleman, and A Hinderliter
- Subjects
Rehabilitation - Published
- 2005
7. PROGNOSIS OF LIFE IMPROVEMENT AFTER LIVING-RELATED RENAL TRANSPLANTATION BY ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN LONG-TERM ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
- Author
-
Kunio Morozumi, Toshihito Haba, Kazuharu Uchida, Norihiko Goto, Yoshihiro Tominaga, Susumu Matsuoka, J Hayano, Akio Katayama, and T Ueki
- Subjects
Transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,medicine ,Heart rate variability ,business ,Term (time) - Published
- 2004
8. THE EFFECTS OF WELL-ROUNDED EXERCISE TRAINING ON ELDERLY JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH GRADE1 OR GRADE2 HYPERTENSION
- Author
-
D Ro, Akiyoshi Okada, M E. Rogers, Mohammod M. Islam, N Takeshima, T Ikeda, J Hayano, and Tomomi Yamada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business ,Training (civil) - Published
- 2001
9. AGE-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC CONTROL DURING DYNAMIC EXERCISE
- Author
-
Akiyoshi Okada, S. Sakata, N. Takeshima, S. Mukai, and J. Hayano
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business ,Autonomic control - Published
- 1998
10. Impaired circadian change in cardiac vagal activity in patients with nocturnal transient myocardial ischemia
- Author
-
W. Jiang, J.A. Blumenthal, J. Hayano, Seiji Mukai, Takao Fujinami, and Akiyoshi Okada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Transient myocardial ischemia ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,In patient ,Circadian rhythm ,Nocturnal ,business ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 1994
11. [A study on experimental pancreatitis]
- Author
-
J, HAYANO
- Subjects
Pancreatitis ,Animals - Published
- 1961
12. Piezoelectric rubber sheet sensor: a promising tool for home sleep apnea testing.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Yamamoto H, Tanaka H, and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Rubber, Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis, Ballistocardiography instrumentation, Algorithms, Aged, Equipment Design, Polysomnography instrumentation
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to develop an unobtrusive method for home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) utilizing micromotion signals obtained by a piezoelectric rubber sheet sensor., Methods: Algorithms were designated to extract respiratory and ballistocardiogram components from micromotion signals and to detect respiratory events as the characteristic separation of the fast envelope of the respiration component from the slow envelope. In 78 adults with diagnosed or suspected sleep apnea, micromotion signal was recorded with a piezoelectric rubber sheet sensor placed beneath the bedsheet during polysomnography. In a half of the subjects, the algorithms were optimized to calculate respiratory event index (REI), estimating apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). In the other half of subjects, the performance of REI in classifying sleep apnea severity was evaluated. Additionally, the predictive value of the frequency of cyclic variation in heart rate (Fcv) obtained from the ballistocardiogram was assessed., Results: In the training group, the optimized REI showed a strong correlation with the AHI (r = 0.93). Using the optimal cutoff of REI ≥ 14/h, subjects with an AHI ≥ 15 were identified with 77.8% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity. When applying this REI to the test group, it correlated closely with the AHI (r = 0.92) and identified subjects with an AHI ≥ 15 with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity. While Fcv showed a modest correlation with AHI (r = 0.46 and 0.66 in the training and test groups), it lacked independent predictive power for AHI., Conclusion: The analysis of respiratory component of micromotion using piezoelectric rubber sheet sensors presents a promising approach for HSAT, providing a practical and effective means of estimating sleep apnea severity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Historical Perspective.
- Author
-
Yasuma F, Noda A, and Hayano J
- Abstract
In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), an underlying disease of secondary hypertension, repeated episodes of asphyxia due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), followed by arousal, lead to various cardiovascular consequences. Using a canine model of OSAS, it was found that a single load of OSA caused an abrupt increase in blood pressure (BP) (Apnea Surge in seconds), while multiple OSA episodes occurring nightly for 1-3 months led to a sustained elevation of BP during both nighttime and daytime. Epidemiological studies on 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements revealed that some hypertensive patients experienced elevated BP in the early morning (Morning Surge), which could be intensified by OSAS. The resonance of Apnea Surge in seconds and Morning Surge increases the risk of organ damage, triggers the cardiovascular events, and adversely affects the prognosis of hypertensive patients with OSAS.For ameliorating these risks, OSA should be treated with positive airway pressure properly.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Quantitative detection of sleep apnea in adults using inertial measurement unit embedded in wristwatch wearable devices.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Adachi M, Sasaki F, and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Polysomnography, Algorithms, Respiratory Rate, Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis, Wearable Electronic Devices
- Abstract
Sleep apnea (SA) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and accidents due to sleepiness, yet the majority (over 80%) of patients remain undiagnosed. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are built into modern wearable devices and are capable of long-term continuous measurement with low power consumption. We examined if SA can be detected by an IMU embedded in a wristwatch device. In 122 adults who underwent polysomnography (PSG) examinations, triaxial acceleration and triaxial gyro signals from the IMU were recorded during the PSG. Subjects were divided into a training group and a test groups (both n = 61). In the training group, an algorithm was developed to extract signals in the respiratory frequency band (0.13-0.70 Hz) and detect respiratory events as transient (10-90 s) decreases in amplitude. The respiratory event frequency estimated by the algorithm correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of the PSG with r = 0.84 in the test group. With the cutoff values determined in the training group, moderate-to-severe SA (AHI ≥ 15) was identified with 85% accuracy and severe SA (AHI ≥ 30) with 89% accuracy in the test group. SA can be quantitatively detected by the IMU embedded in wristwatch wearable devices in adults with suspected SA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Multifractal foundations of biomarker discovery for heart disease and stroke.
- Author
-
Mangalam M, Sadri A, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Kiyono K, and Kelty-Stephen DG
- Subjects
- Humans, Heart Rate physiology, Biomarkers, Heart Diseases, Stroke diagnosis
- Abstract
Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health states in different individuals and at different times within the same individual to result in the minimum possible false-positive and false-negative rates. The application of standard cut-off points and risk scores across populations hinges upon the assumption of such generalizability. Such generalizability, in turn, hinges upon this condition that the phenomenon investigated by current statistical methods is ergodic, i.e., its statistical measures converge over individuals and time within the finite limit of observations. However, emerging evidence indicates that biological processes abound with nonergodicity, threatening this generalizability. Here, we present a solution for how to make generalizable inferences by deriving ergodic descriptions of nonergodic phenomena. For this aim, we proposed capturing the origin of ergodicity-breaking in many biological processes: cascade dynamics. To assess our hypotheses, we embraced the challenge of identifying reliable biomarkers for heart disease and stroke, which, despite being the leading cause of death worldwide and decades of research, lacks reliable biomarkers and risk stratification tools. We showed that raw R-R interval data and its common descriptors based on mean and variance are nonergodic and non-specific. On the other hand, the cascade-dynamical descriptors, the Hurst exponent encoding linear temporal correlations, and multifractal nonlinearity encoding nonlinear interactions across scales described the nonergodic heart rate variability more ergodically and were specific. This study inaugurates applying the critical concept of ergodicity in discovering and applying digital biomarkers of health and disease., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Reproducible biomarkers: Leveraging nonlinear descriptors in the face of non-ergodicity.
- Author
-
Mangalam M, Sadri A, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Kiyono K, and Kelty-Stephen DG
- Abstract
Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health states in different individuals and at different times within the same individual to result in the minimum possible false-positive and false-negative rates. The application of standard cut-off points and risk scores across populations hinges upon the assumption of such generalizability. Such generalizability, in turn, hinges upon this condition that the phenomenon investigated by current statistical methods is ergodic, i.e., its statistical measures converge over individuals and time within the finite limit of observations. However, emerging evidence indicates that biological processes abound with non-ergodicity, threatening this generalizability. Here, we present a solution for how to make generalizable inferences by deriving ergodic descriptions of non-ergodic phenomena. For this aim, we proposed capturing the origin of ergodicity-breaking in many biological processes: cascade dynamics. To assess our hypotheses, we embraced the challenge of identifying reliable biomarkers for heart disease and stroke, which, despite being the leading cause of death worldwide and decades of research, lacks reliable biomarkers and risk stratification tools. We showed that raw R-R interval data and its common descriptors based on mean and variance are non-ergodic and non-specific. On the other hand, the cascade-dynamical descriptors, the Hurst exponent encoding linear temporal correlations, and multifractal nonlinearity encoding nonlinear interactions across scales described the non-ergodic heart rate variability ergodically and were specific. This study inaugurates applying the critical concept of ergodicity in discovering and applying digital biomarkers of health and disease., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2023
17. How can gender be identified from heart rate data? Evaluation using ALLSTAR heart rate variability big data analysis.
- Author
-
Kaneko I, Hayano J, and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Humans, Heart Rate physiology, Random Forest, Linear Models, Electrocardiography, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
- Abstract
Objective: A small electrocardiograph and Holter electrocardiograph can record an electrocardiogram for 24 h or more. We examined whether gender could be verified from such an electrocardiogram and, if possible, how accurate it would be., Results: Ten dimensional statistics were extracted from the heart rate data of more than 420,000 people, and gender identification was performed by various major identification methods. Lasso, linear regression, SVM, random forest, logistic regression, k-means, Elastic Net were compared, for Age < 50 and Age ≥ 50. The best Accuracy was 0.681927 for Random Forest for Age < 50. There are no consistent difference between Age < 50 and Age ≥ 50. Although the discrimination results based on these statistics are statistically significant, it was confirmed that they are not accurate enough to determine the gender of an individual., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Effects of Acupuncture on Autonomic Nervous Functions During Sleep: Comparison with Nonacupuncture Site Stimulation Using a Crossover Design.
- Author
-
Akita T, Kurono Y, Yamada A, Hayano J, and Minagawa M
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, Acupuncture Therapy, Autonomic Nervous System physiology, Sleep
- Abstract
Objectives: Although many studies have shown that acupuncture can improve sleep quality, there is no clear evidence by objective physiological measures. The authors investigated the effects of acupuncture on the autonomic indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep. Design: The authors applied true acupuncture and sham-site stimulations in 10 healthy adult males (mean ± standard deviation age, 40 ± 9 years) and compared autonomic nerve indices of HRV during each sleep stage in a crossover design. The sleep stages were estimated by the combined analysis of an HRV maker of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (HRV sleep index [Hsi]) and actigraphic body movement. Results: Heart rate was lower (true vs. sham acupuncture, mean ± standard error of the mean, 60.9 ± 1.8 vs. 61.7 ± 1.7 bpm, p < 0.0001) and the power of low-frequency and high-frequency components of HRV was higher (35.6 ± 2.0 vs. 34.7 ± 2.0 msec, p = 0.04 and 26.7 ± 3.2 vs. 25.8 ± 3.2 msec, p < 0.0001, respectively) after the true acupuncture compared with the sham-site stimulation throughout sleep. During non-REM sleep, heart rate was lower (59.6 ± 1.8 vs. 60.1 ± 1.8 bpm, p = 0.0004) and the power of low-frequency and high-frequency components were higher (27.7 ± 1.8 vs. 26.1 ± 1.8 msec p = 0.0004 and 28.4 ± 3.5 vs. 27.7 ± 3.5 msec, p = 0.004) after the true acupuncture than the sham-site stimulation. Whereas during REM sleep, there was no significant difference in either HRV indices between them, while heart rate was lower after the true acupuncture than the sham-site stimulation (60.8 ± 1.6 vs. 61.7 ± 1.6 bpm, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Acupuncture increases parasympathetic HRV indices during sleep, especially during the non-REM stage.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Night-to-night variability of sleep apnea detected by cyclic variation of heart rate during long-term continuous ECG monitoring.
- Author
-
Hayano J and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Electrocardiography, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Polysomnography, Reproducibility of Results, Cardiovascular Diseases, Sleep Apnea Syndromes complications, Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Sleep apnea is common in patients with cardiovascular disease and is a factor that worsens prognosis. Holter 24-h ECG screening for sleep apnea is beneficial in the care of these patients, but due to high night-to-night variability of sleep apnea, it can lead to misdiagnosis and misclassification of disease severity., Methods: To investigate the long-term dynamic behavior of sleep apnea, seven-day ECGs recorded with a patch ECG recorder in 120 patients were analyzed for the cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) during sleep periods as determined by a built-in three-axis accelerometer., Results: The frequency of CVHR (Fcv) showed considerable night-to-night variability (coefficient of variance, 66 ± 35%), which was consistent with the night-to-night variability in apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index reported in earlier studies. In patients with presumed moderate-to-severe sleep apnea (Fcv > 15 cph at least one night), it was missed on 62% of nights, and on at least one night in 88% of patients. The CV of Fcv was negatively correlated with the average of Fcv, suggesting that patients with mild sleep apnea show greater night-to-night variability and would benefit from long-term assessment. The average Fcv was higher in the supine position, but the night-to-night variability was not explained by the night-to-night variability of time spent in the supine position., Conclusions: CVHR analysis of long-term ambulatory ECG recordings is useful for improving the reliability of screening for sleep apnea without placing an extra burden on patients with cardiovascular disease and their care., (© 2021 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Enhanced detection of abnormalities in heart rate variability and dynamics by 7-day continuous ECG monitoring.
- Author
-
Hayano J and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Heart Rate, Humans, Electrocardiography, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
- Abstract
Background: The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) dynamics by Holter ECG has been standardized to 24 hs, but longer-term continuous ECG monitoring has become available in clinical practice. We investigated the effects of long-term ECG on the assessment of HRV and HR dynamics., Methods: Intraweek variations in HRV and HR dynamics were analyzed in 107 outpatients with sinus rhythm. ECG was recorded continuously for 7 days with a flexible, codeless, waterproof sensor attached on the upper chest wall. Data were divided into seven 24-h segments, and standard time- and frequency-domain HRV and nonlinear HR dynamics indices were computed for each segment., Results: The intraweek coefficients of variance of HRV and HR dynamics indices ranged from 2.9% to 26.0% and were smaller for frequency-domain than for time-domain indices, and for indices reflecting slower HR fluctuations than faster fluctuations. The indices with large variance often showed transient abnormalities from day to day over 7 days, reducing the positive predictive accuracy of the 24-h ECG for detecting persistent abnormalities over 7 days. Conversely, 7-day ECG provided 2.3- to 6.5-fold increase in sensitivity to detect persistent plus transient abnormalities compared with 24-h ECG. It detected an average of 1.74 to 2.91 times as many abnormal indices as 24-h ECG., Conclusions: Long-term ECG monitoring increases the accuracy and sensitivity of detecting persistent and transient abnormalities in HRV and HR dynamics and allows discrimination between the two types of abnormalities. Whether this discrimination improves risk stratification deserves further studies., (© 2021 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Assessment of autonomic function by long-term heart rate variability: beyond the classical framework of LF and HF measurements.
- Author
-
Hayano J and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Humans, Sleep, Autonomic Nervous System physiology, Heart Rate physiology
- Abstract
In the assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV), the framework that the power of high-frequency component or its surrogate indices reflects parasympathetic activity, while the power of low-frequency component or LF/HF reflects sympathetic activity has been used as the theoretical basis for the interpretation of HRV. Although this classical framework has contributed greatly to the widespread use of HRV for the assessment of autonomic function, it was obtained from studies of short-term HRV (typically 5‑10 min) under tightly controlled conditions. If it is applied to long-term HRV (typically 24 h) under free-running conditions in daily life, erroneous conclusions could be drawn. Also, long-term HRV could contain untapped useful information that is not revealed in the classical framework. In this review, we discuss the limitations of the classical framework and present studies that extracted autonomic function indicators and other useful biomedical information from long-term HRV using novel approaches beyond the classical framework. Those methods include non-Gaussianity index, HRV sleep index, heart rate turbulence, and the frequency and amplitude of cyclic variation of heart rate., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Sensing of Microvascular Vasomotion Using Consumer Camera.
- Author
-
Kaneko I, Yoshida Y, Yuda E, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Hemodynamics, Movement
- Abstract
In this paper, we will introduce a method for observing microvascular waves (MVW) by extracting different images from the available images in the video taken with consumer cameras. Microvascular vasomotion is a dynamic phenomenon that can fluctuate over time for a variety of reasons and its sensing is used for variety of purposes. The special device, a side stream dark field camera (SDF camera) was developed in 2015 for the medical purpose to observe blood flow from above the epidermis. However, without using SDF cameras, smart signal processing can be combined with a consumer camera to analyze the global motion of microvascular vasomotion. MVW is a propagation pattern of microvascular vasomotions which reflects biological properties of vascular network. In addition, even without SDF cameras, MVW can be analyzed as a spatial and temporal pattern of microvascular vasomotion using a combination of advanced signal processing with consumer cameras. In this paper, we will demonstrate that such vascular movements and MVW can be observed using a consumer cameras. We also show a classification using it.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Ambient-task combined lighting to regulate autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort to lighting.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Ueda N, Kisohara M, Yoshida Y, and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arousal drug effects, Female, Heart Rate radiation effects, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Autonomic Nervous System radiation effects, Lighting instrumentation, Psychomotor Performance radiation effects
- Abstract
Background: Although evidence of both beneficial and adverse biological effects of lighting has accumulated, biologically favorable lighting often does not match subjectively comfortable lighting. By controlling the correlated color temperature (CCT) of ambient lights, we investigated the feasibility of combined lighting that meets both biological requirements and subjective comfort., Methods: Two types of combined lightings were compared; one consisted of a high-CCT (12000 K) light-emitting diode (LED) panel as the ambient light and a low-CCT (5000 K) LED stand light as the task light (high-low combined lighting), and the other consisted of a low-CCT (4500 K) LED panel as the ambient light and the same low-CCT (5000 K) stand light as the task light (low-low combined lighting) as control. Ten healthy subjects (5 young and 5 elderly) were exposed to the two types of lighting on separate days. Autonomic function by heart rate variability, psychomotor performances, and subjective comfort were compared., Results: Both at sitting rest and during psychomotor workload, heart rate was higher and the parasympathetic index of heart rate variability was lower under the high-low combined lighting than the low-low combined lighting in both young and elderly subject groups. Increased psychomotor alertness in the elderly and improved sustainability of concentration work performance in both age groups were also observed under the high-low combined lighting. However, no significant difference was observed in the visual-analog-scale assessment of subjective comfort between the two types of lightings., Conclusions: High-CCT ambient lighting, even when used in combination with low-CCT task lighting, could increase autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort. This finding suggests the feasibility of independent control of ambient and task lighting as a way to achieve both biological function regulation and subjective comfort., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Seasonal Sleep Variations and Their Association With Meteorological Factors: A Japanese Population Study Using Large-Scale Body Acceleration Data.
- Author
-
Li L, Nakamura T, Hayano J, and Yamamoto Y
- Abstract
Seasonal changes in meteorological factors [e.g., ambient temperature ( Ta ), humidity, and sunlight] could significantly influence a person's sleep, possibly resulting in the seasonality of sleep properties (timing and quality). However, population-based studies on sleep seasonality or its association with meteorological factors remain limited, especially those using objective sleep data. Japan has clear seasonality with distinctive changes in meteorological variables among seasons, thereby suitable for examining sleep seasonality and the effects of meteorological factors. This study aimed to investigate seasonal variations in sleep properties in a Japanese population (68,604 individuals) and further identify meteorological factors contributing to sleep seasonality. Here we used large-scale objective sleep data estimated from body accelerations by machine learning. Sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and wake time after sleep onset demonstrated significant seasonal variations, showing that sleep quality in summer was worse than that in other seasons. While bedtime did not show clear seasonality, get-up time varied seasonally, with a nadir during summer, and positively correlated with the sunrise time. Estimated by the abovementioned sleep parameters, Ta had a practically meaningful association with sleep quality, indicating that sleep quality worsened with the increase of Ta . This association would partly explain seasonal variations in sleep quality among seasons. In conclusion, Ta had a principal role for seasonality in sleep quality, and the sunrise time chiefly determined the get-up time., Competing Interests: LL was employed by the company Intersect communications Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Li, Nakamura, Hayano and Yamamoto.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Age and gender differences in objective sleep properties using large-scale body acceleration data in a Japanese population.
- Author
-
Li L, Nakamura T, Hayano J, and Yamamoto Y
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging physiology, Child, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Polysomnography methods, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Sleep Stages physiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep genetics, Sleep physiology
- Abstract
Using large-scale objective sleep data derived from body acceleration signals of 68,604 Japanese residents ranging from adolescents to the elderly (10-89 years old), we found significant age- and gender-related differences in sleep properties (timing, duration, and quality) in real-life settings. Time-in-bed and total sleep time (TST) showed a U-shaped association with age, indicating their decrease in adulthood following their increase in the elderly. There was a remarkable shift in sleep phase toward earlier bedtime and earlier wake time with increasing age (> 20 years), together with worsening of sleep quality, which is estimated by sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time after sleep onset. Gender comparisons showed that TST was shorter in women than in similarly aged men, which is much evident after the age of 30 years. This was associated with later bedtimes and greater age-related deterioration of sleep quality in women. Compared to men in the same age group, women over age 50 demonstrated a greater reduction in SE with aging, due mainly to increasing durations of nighttime awakening. These differences can be attributed to several intricately intertwined causes, including biological aging as well as socio-cultural and socio-familial factors in Japan. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights on the characteristics of Japanese sleep habits.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction by amplitude-frequency mapping of cyclic variation of heart rate.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Ueda N, Kisohara M, Yuda E, Watanabe E, Carney RM, and Blumenthal JA
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Polysomnography methods, Risk Assessment, Sleep Apnea Syndromes mortality, Heart Rate physiology, Myocardial Infarction complications, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Sleep Apnea Syndromes complications, Sleep Apnea Syndromes physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Blunted cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR), measured as a decrease in CVHR amplitude (Acv), predicts mortality risk after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, Acv also can be reduced in mild sleep apnea with mild O
2 desaturation. We investigated whether Acv's predictive power for post-AMI mortality could be improved by considering the effect of sleep apnea severity., Methods: In 24-hr ECG in 265,291 participants of the Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository project, sleep apnea severity was estimated by the frequency of CVHR (Fcv) measured by an automated algorithm for auto-correlated wave detection by adaptive threshold (ACAT). The distribution of Acv on the Acv-Fcv relation map was modeled by percentile regression, and a function converting Acv into percentile value was developed. In the retrospective cohort of the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study, consisting of 673 survivors and 44 non-survivors after AMI, the mortality predictive power of percentile Acv calculated by the function was compared with that of unadjusted Acv., Results: Among the ALLSTAR ECG data, low Acv values appeared more likely when Fcv was low. The logistic regression analysis for mortality in the ENRICHD cohort showed c-statistics of 0.667 (SE, 0.041), 0.817 (0.035), and 0.843 (0.030) for Fcv, unadjusted Acv, and the percentile Acv, respectively. Compared with unadjusted Acv, the percentile Acv showed a significant net reclassification improvement of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.51-1.42)., Conclusions: The predictive power of Acv for post-AMI mortality is improved by considering its relation to sleep apnea severity estimated by Fcv., (© 2021 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Survival Predictors of Heart Rate Variability After Myocardial Infarction With and Without Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Ueda N, Kisohara M, Yuda E, Carney RM, and Blumenthal JA
- Abstract
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) dynamics are used to predict the survival probability of patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the association has been established in patients with mixed levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)., Objective: We investigated whether the survival predictors of HRV and HR dynamics depend on LVEF after AMI., Methods: We studied 687 post-AMI patients including 147 with LVEF ≤35% and 540 with LVEF >35%, of which 23 (16%) and 22 (4%) died during the 25 month follow-up period, respectively. None had an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. From baseline 24 h ECG, the standard deviation (SDNN), root mean square of successive difference (rMSSD), percentage of successive difference >50 ms (pNN50) of normal-to-normal R-R interval, ultra-low (ULF), very-low (VLF), low (LF), and high (HF) frequency power, deceleration capacity (DC), short-term scaling exponent (α
1 ), non-Gaussianity index (λ25 s ), and the amplitude of cyclic variation of HR (Acv) were calculated., Results: The predictors were categorized into three clusters; DC, SDNN, α1 , ULF, VLF, LF, and Acv as Cluster 1, λ25 s independently as Cluster 2, and rMSSD, pNN50, and HF as Cluster 3. In univariate analyses, mortality was best predicted by indices belonging to Cluster 1 regardless of LVEF. In multivariate analyses, however, mortality in patients with low LVEF was best predicted by the combinations of Cluster 1 predictors or Cluster 1 and 3 predictors, whereas in patients without low LVEF, it was best predicted by the combinations of Cluster 1 and 2 predictors., Conclusion: The mortality risk in post-AMI patients with low LVEF is predicted by indices reflecting decreased HRV or HR responsiveness and cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction, whereas in patients without low LVEF, the risk is predicted by a combination of indices that reflect decreased HRV or HR responsiveness and indicator that reflects abrupt large HR changes suggesting sympathetic involvement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Hayano, Ueda, Kisohara, Yuda, Carney and Blumenthal.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Redundancy among risk predictors derived from heart rate variability and dynamics: ALLSTAR big data analysis.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Ueda N, Kisohara M, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Risk Assessment, Arrhythmias, Cardiac complications, Arrhythmias, Cardiac physiopathology, Big Data, Data Analysis, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory methods, Heart Rate physiology, Myocardial Infarction complications
- Abstract
Background: Many indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate dynamics have been proposed as cardiovascular mortality risk predictors, but the redundancy between their predictive powers is unknown., Methods: From the Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository project database, 24-hr ECG data showing continuous sinus rhythm were extracted and SD of normal-to-normal R-R interval (SDNN), very-low-frequency power (VLF), scaling exponent α
1 , deceleration capacity (DC), and non-Gaussianity λ25s were calculated. The values were dichotomized into high-risk and low-risk values using the cutoffs reported in previous studies to predict mortality after acute myocardial infarction. The rate of multiple high-risk predictors accumulating in the same person was examined and was compared with the rate expected under the assumption that these predictors are independent of each other., Results: Among 265,291 ECG data from the ALLSTAR database, the rates of subjects with high-risk SDNN, DC, VLF, α1 , and λ25s values were 2.95, 2.75, 5.89, 15.75, and 18.82%, respectively. The observed rate of subjects without any high-risk value was 66.68%, which was 1.10 times the expected rate (60.74%). The ratios of observed rate to the expected rate at which one, two, three, four, and five high-risk values accumulate in the same person were 0.73 times (24.10 and 32.82%), 1.10 times (6.56 and 5.99%), 4.26 times (1.87 and 0.44%), 47.66 times (0.63 and 0.013%), and 1,140.66 times (0.16 and 0.00014%), respectively., Conclusions: High-risk predictors of HRV and heart rate dynamics tend to cluster in the same person, indicating a high degree of redundancy between them., (© 2020 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Quantitative detection of sleep apnea with wearable watch device.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Yamamoto H, Nonaka I, Komazawa M, Itao K, Ueda N, Tanaka H, and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Algorithms, Heart Rate physiology, Monitoring, Ambulatory instrumentation, Polysomnography instrumentation, Quality of Life, Sleep Apnea Syndromes diagnosis, Wearable Electronic Devices statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The spread of wearable watch devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors has made it possible to use continuous pulse wave data during daily life. We examined if PPG pulse wave data can be used to detect sleep apnea, a common but underdiagnosed health problem associated with impaired quality of life and increased cardiovascular risk. In 41 patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) for sleep apnea, PPG was recorded simultaneously with a wearable watch device. The pulse interval data were analyzed by an automated algorithm called auto-correlated wave detection with adaptive threshold (ACAT) which was developed for electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect the cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR), a characteristic heart rate pattern accompanying sleep apnea episodes. The median (IQR) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 17.2 (4.4-28.4) and 22 (54%) subjects had AHI ≥15. The hourly frequency of CVHR (Fcv) detected by the ACAT algorithm closely correlated with AHI (r = 0.81), while none of the time-domain, frequency-domain, or non-linear indices of pulse interval variability showed significant correlation. The Fcv was greater in subjects with AHI ≥15 (19.6 ± 12.3 /h) than in those with AHI <15 (6.4 ± 4.6 /h), and was able to discriminate them with 82% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 85% accuracy. The classification performance was comparable to that obtained when the ACAT algorithm was applied to ECG R-R intervals during the PSG. The analysis of wearable watch PPG by the ACAT algorithm could be used for the quantitative screening of sleep apnea., Competing Interests: This study was partly funded by WINFrontier Co., Ltd., and the company provided support in the form of salaries for two of the authors (M.K. and K.I.). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data. The materials, equipment, software, consumables, and systems used in this study do not include the products or services of this company. None of the other authors has any competing interests to declare.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pulse rate variability: a new biomarker, not a surrogate for heart rate variability.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Shibata M, Ogata Y, Ueda N, Yambe T, Yoshizawa M, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Female, Humans, Posture physiology, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Heart Rate physiology, Photoplethysmography methods
- Abstract
With the popularization of pulse wave signals by the spread of wearable watch devices incorporating photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, many studies are reporting the accuracy of pulse rate variability (PRV) as a surrogate of heart rate variability (HRV). However, the authors are concerned about their research paradigm based on the assumption that PRV is a biomarker that reflects the same biological properties as HRV. Because PPG pulse wave and ECG R wave both reflect the periodic beating of the heart, pulse rate and heart rate should be equal, but it does not guarantee that the respective variabilities are also the same. The process from ECG R wave to PPG pulse wave involves several transformation steps of physical properties, such as those of electromechanical coupling and conversions from force to volume, volume to pressure, pressure impulse to wave, pressure wave to volume, and volume to light intensity. In fact, there is concreate evidence that shows discrepancy between PRV and HRV, such as that demonstrating the presence of PRV in the absence of HRV, differences in PRV with measurement sites, and differing effects of body posture and exercise between them. Our observations in adult patients with an implanted cardiac pacemaker also indicate that fluctuations in R-R intervals, pulse transit time, and pulse intervals are modulated differently by autonomic functions, respiration, and other factors. The authors suggest that it is more appropriate to recognize PRV as a different biomarker than HRV. Although HRV is a major determinant of PRV, PRV is caused by many other sources of variability, which could contain useful biomedical information that is neither error nor noise.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Optimal length of R-R interval segment window for Lorenz plot detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by machine learning.
- Author
-
Kisohara M, Masuda Y, Yuda E, Ueda N, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Aged, Atrial Fibrillation physiopathology, Databases, Factual, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Atrial Fibrillation diagnosis, Electrocardiography, Neural Networks, Computer, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Abstract
Background: Heartbeat interval Lorenz plot (LP) imaging is a promising method for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) in long-term monitoring, but the optimal segment window length for the LP images is unknown. We examined the performance of AF detection by LP images with different segment window lengths by machine learning with convolutional neural network (CNN). LP images with a 32 × 32-pixel resolution of non-overlapping segments with lengths between 10 and 500 beats were created from R-R intervals of 24-h ECG in 52 patients with chronic AF and 58 non-AF controls as training data and in 53 patients with paroxysmal AF and 52 non-AF controls as test data. For each segment window length, discriminant models were made by fivefold cross-validation subsets of the training data and its classification performance was examined with the test data., Results: In machine learning with the training data, the averages of cross-validation scores were 0.995 and 0.999 for 10 and 20-beat LP images, respectively, and > 0.999 for 50 to 500-beat images. The classification of test data showed good performance for all segment window lengths with an accuracy from 0.970 to 0.988. Positive likelihood ratio for detecting AF segments, however, showed a convex parabolic curve linear relationship to log segment window length and peaked at 85 beats, while negative likelihood ratio showed monotonous increase with increasing segment window length., Conclusions: This study suggests that the optimal segment window length that maximizes the positive likelihood ratio for detecting paroxysmal AF with 32 × 32-pixel LP image is 85 beats.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Difference in autonomic nervous effect of blue light depending on the angle of incidence on the eye.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Yoshida Y, Ueda N, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Female, Heart Rate radiation effects, Humans, Lighting, Male, Young Adult, Autonomic Nervous System radiation effects, Eye radiation effects, Light
- Abstract
Objective: Blue light has been attributed to the adverse biological effects caused by the use of smartphones and tablet devices at night. However, it is not realistic to immediately avoid nighttime exposure to blue light in the lifestyle of modern society, so other effective methods should be investigated. Earlier studies reported that inferior retinal light exposure causes greater melatonin suppression than superior retinal exposure. We examined whether the autonomic responses to blue light depends on the angle of incidence to the eye., Results: In eight healthy subjects, blue light from organic electroluminescent lighting device (15.4 lx at subjects' eye) was exposed from 6 angles (0º, 30º, 45º, 135º, 150º, and 180º) for 5 min each with a 10-min interval of darkness. After adjusting the order effect of angles, however, no significant difference in heart rate or autonomic indices of heart rate variability with the angle of incidence was detected in this study.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Differences in pulse rate variability with measurement site.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Yamamoto K, Yoshida Y, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Forearm blood supply, Humans, Male, Posture physiology, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Wrist blood supply, Young Adult, Electrocardiography methods, Heart Rate physiology, Pulse Wave Analysis methods, Wearable Electronic Devices
- Abstract
Background: Recently, attempts have been made to use the pulse rate variability (PRV) as a surrogate for heart rate variability (HRV). PRV, however, may be caused by the fluctuations of left ventricular pre-ejection period and pulse transit time besides HRV. We examined whether PRV differs not only from HRV but also depending on the measurement site., Results: In five healthy subjects, pulse waves were measured simultaneously on both wrists and both forearms together with single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in the supine and sitting positions. Although average pulse interval showed no significant difference from average R-R interval in either positions, PRV showed greater power for the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components and lower LF/HF than HRV. The deviations of PRV from HRV in the supine and sitting positions were 13.2% and 7.9% for LF power, 24.5% and 18.3% for HF power, and - 15.0% and - 30.2% for LF/HF, respectively. While the average pulse interval showed 0.8% and 0.5% inter-site variations among the four sites in the supine and sitting positions, respectively, the inter-site variations in PRV were 4.0% and 3.6% for LF power, 3.8% and 4.7% for HF power, and 18.0% and 17.5% for LF/HF, respectively., Conclusions: These suggest that PRV shows not only systemic differences from HRV but also considerable inter-site variations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Effects of aging on foot pedal responses to visual stimuli.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Yoshida Y, Ueda N, Kaneko I, Miura Y, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Aging physiology, Automobile Driving, Foot physiology, Reaction Time physiology
- Abstract
Background: Car accidents due to unexpected forward or backward runaway by older drivers are a serious social problem. Although the cause of these accidents is often attributed to stepping on the accelerator instead of the brake, it is difficult to induce such pedal application errors systematically with usual drive simulators. We developed a simple personal computer system that induces the pedal errors, and investigate the effects of age on the error behaviors., Methods: The system consisted of a laptop computer and a three-pedal foot mouse. It measured response time, accuracy, and flexibility of pedal operation to visual stimuli. The system displayed two open circles on the computer display, lighting one of the circles in a random order and interval. Subjects were instructed to press the foot pedal with their right foot as quickly as possible when the circle was lit; the ipsilateral pedal to the lit circle in a parallel mode and the contralateral pedal in a cross mode. When the correct pedal was pressed, the light went off immediately, but when the wrong pedal was pressed, the buzzer sounded and the light remained on until the correct pedal was pressed. During a 6-min trial, the mode was switched between parallel and cross every 2 min. During the cross mode, a cross mark appears on the display. The pedal responses were evaluated in 52 subjects divided into young (20-29 years), middle-aged (30-64 years), and older (65-84 years) groups. Additionally, the repeatability of the pedal response characteristic indicators was examined in 14 subjects who performed this test twice., Results: The mean response time was 95 ms (17%) longer in the older group than in the young group. More characteristically, however, the older group showed 2.1 times more frequent pedal errors, fell into long hesitations (response freezing > 3 s) 16 times more often, and took 1.8 times longer period to correct the wrong pedal than the young groups. The indicators of pedal response characteristics showed within-individual repeatability to the extent that can identify the age-dependent changes., Conclusions: Hesitations and extended error correction time can be associated with increased crash risk due to unexpected runaway by older drivers. The system we have developed may help to uncover and evaluate physiological characteristics related to crash risk in the elderly population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Very low frequency component of heart rate variability as a marker for therapeutic efficacy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Preliminary study.
- Author
-
Noda A, Hayano J, Ito N, Miyata S, Yasuma F, and Yasuda Y
- Abstract
Background: Although positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is effective for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), some patients with severe OSA are intolerable to this treatment, which may lead to an increase in the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and sleep parameters during natural sleep and treatment of patients with OSA., Materials and Methods: This was the cross-sectional observation study. Patients were 17 males with severe OSA who were unable to accept continuous PAP. Standard polysomnography was performed for two consecutive nights, i.e., during natural sleep and following night with bilevel PAP (BiPAP) treatment. Time-dependent responses of the amplitudes of low frequency (LF), very low frequency (VLF), and high frequency components of HRV were assessed with the technique of complex demodulation., Results: Apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation time, and percentage of stage 1 sleep were significantly reduced, whereas the percentages of rapid eye movement and stages 3 + 4 sleep were increased, by BiPAP treatment. Therapy also reduced the amplitudes of VLF and LF components of HRV. Difference in amplitudes of VLF during natural sleep and treatment with BiPAP was significantly correlated with difference in percentages of stage 1 and stages 3 + 4 sleep., Conclusion: Therapy-induced amelioration of OSA and sleep quality was accompanied by decrease in the amplitudes of VLF components of HRV. The VLF component may thus reflect physiological changes in both autonomic activity and sleep structure and serve as an objective marker for therapeutic efficacy in patients with severe OSA., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Association of heart rate variability with regional difference in senility death ratio: ALLSTAR big data analysis.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Kisohara M, Yoshida Y, Sakano H, and Yuda E
- Abstract
Objectives: Senility death is defined as natural death in the elderly who do not have a cause of death to be described otherwise and, if human life is finite, it may be one of the ultimate goals of medicine and healthcare. A recent survey in Japan reports that municipalities with a high senility death ratio have lower healthcare costs per late-elderly person. However, the causes of regional differences in senility death ratio and their biomedical determinants were unknown. In this study, we examined the relationships of the regional difference in senility death ratio with the regional differences in heart rate variability and physical activity., Methods: We compared the age-adjusted senility death ratio of all Japanese prefectures with the regional averages of heart rate variability and actigraphic physical activity obtained from a physiological big data of Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository (ALLSTAR)., Results: The age-adjusted senility death ratio of 47 Japanese prefectures in 2015 ranged from 1.2% to 3.6% in men and from 3.5% to 7.8% in women. We compared these ratios with the age-adjusted indices of heart rate variability in 108,865 men and 136,536 women and of physical activity level in 16,661 men and 21,961 women. Heart rate variability indices and physical activity levels that are known to be associated with low mortality risk were higher in prefectures with higher senility death ratio., Conclusion: The regional senility death ratio in Japan may be associated with regional health status as reflected in heart rate variability and physical activity levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Pitfalls of assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability.
- Author
-
Hayano J and Yuda E
- Subjects
- Accelerometry standards, Electrocardiography standards, Female, Humans, Male, Posture physiology, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia physiology, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Spectrum Analysis, Autonomic Nervous System physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Monitoring, Physiologic standards
- Abstract
Although analysis of heart rate variability is widely used for the assessment of autonomic function, its fundamental framework linking low-frequency and high-frequency components of heart rate variability with sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic divisions has developed in the 1980s. This simplified framework is no longer able to deal with much evidence about heart rate variability accumulated over the past half-century. This review addresses the pitfalls caused by the old framework and discusses the points that need attention in autonomic assessment by heart rate variability.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Wavelet p-Leader Non Gaussian Multiscale Expansions for Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Congestive Heart Failure Patients.
- Author
-
Wendt H, Abry P, Kiyono K, Hayano J, Watanabe E, and Yamamoto Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory methods, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Rate physiology, Wavelet Analysis
- Abstract
Objective: Numerous indices were devised for the statistical characterization of temporal dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) with the aim to discriminate between healthy subjects and nonhealthy patients. Elaborating on the concepts of (multi)fractal and nonlinear analyses, the present contribution defines and studies formally novel non Gaussian multiscale representations., Methods: A methodological framework for non Gaussian multiscale representations constructed on wavelet p-leaders is developed, relying a priori neither on exact scale-free dynamics nor on predefined forms of departure from Gaussianity. Its versatility in quantifying the strength and nature of departure from Gaussian is analyzed theoretically and numerically. The ability of the representations to discriminate between healthy subjects and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, and between survivors and nonsurvivor CHF patients, is assessed on a large cohort of 198 subjects., Results: The analysis leads to conclude that i) scale-free and multifractal dynamics are observed, both for healthy subjects and CHF patients, for time scales shorter than [Formula: see text]; ii) a circadian evolution of multifractal and non Gaussian properties of HRV is evidenced for healthy subjects, but not for CHF patients; iii) non Gaussian multiscale indices possess high discriminative abilities between survivor and nonsurvivor CHF patients, at specific time scales ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text])., Conclusions: The non Gaussian multiscale representations provide evidence for the existence of short-term cascade-type multifractal mechanisms underlying HRV for both healthy and CHF subjects. A circadian evolution of this mechanism is only evidenced for the healthy group, suggesting an alteration of the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance for CHF patients., Significance: Results obtained for a large cohort of subjects suggest that the novel non Gaussian indices might robustly quantify crucial information for clinical risk stratification in CHF patients.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker azilsartan can overwhelm the sympathetic nerve activation stimulated by coadministration of calcium channel blockers.
- Author
-
Fukuda M, Isobe-Sasaki Y, Sato R, Miura T, Mizuno M, Ono M, Kiyono K, Yamamoto Y, Hayano J, and Ohte N
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers administration & dosage, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers pharmacology, Benzimidazoles administration & dosage, Benzimidazoles pharmacology, Calcium Channel Blockers administration & dosage, Calcium Channel Blockers pharmacology, Oxadiazoles administration & dosage, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Sympathetic Nervous System drug effects
- Abstract
Objective:: In our recent study, non-Gaussianity of heart rate variability (λ
25s ), an indicator of sympathetic nerve activity, did not change during two-day treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) azilsartan. Coadministration of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) might affect the study results., Methods:: In this subanalysis, 20 patients with chronic kidney disease (14 men; age 61±15 years) were divided into three groups: patients with coadministration of L-type CCB, patients without coadministration of CCB, and patients with coadministration of sympathoinhibitory (L/T- or L/T/N-type) CCB. λ25s was calculated separately in daytime and nighttime., Results:: Daytime λ25s at baseline was higher in patients with L-type CCB coadministration (0.62±0.18, n = 5) compared with those without CCB (0.49±0.13, n = 11) and those with sympathoinhibitory CCB (0.46±0.06, n = 4). The relationship between the changes in daytime λ25s and systolic blood pressure was positive in patients with L-type CCB coadministration, whereas the relationship was inverse in the other two groups. A larger decrease in daytime λ25s was shown in patients with L-type CCB coadministration compared with those in the other two groups., Conclusions:: CCBs, as well as diuretics, are recommended as second-line antihypertensive agents. Our results suggested that ARBs can overwhelm the activation of sympathetic nerve activity stimulated by coadministration of L-type CCBs.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mortality Prediction in Severe Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Multifractal Point-Process Modeling of Heartbeat Dynamics.
- Author
-
Valenza G, Wendt H, Kiyono K, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Yamamoto Y, Abry P, and Barbieri R
- Subjects
- Aged, Electrocardiography, Female, Fractals, Heart Failure epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Heart Failure mortality, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Rate physiology, Wavelet Analysis
- Abstract
Multifractal analysis of human heartbeat dynamics has been demonstrated to provide promising markers of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Yet, it crucially builds on the interpolation of RR intervals series, which has been generically performed with limited links to CHF pathophysiology. We devise a novel methodology estimating multifractal autonomic dynamics from heartbeat-derived series defined in the continuous time. We hypothesize that markers estimated from our novel framework are also effective for mortality prediction in severe CHF. We merge multifractal analysis within a methodological framework based on inhomogeneous point process models of heartbeat dynamics. Specifically, wavelet coefficients and wavelet leaders are computed over measures extracted from instantaneous statistics of probability density functions characterizing and predicting the time until the next heartbeat event occurs. The proposed approach is tested on data from 94 CHF patients, aiming at predicting survivor and non-survivor individuals as determined after a 4 years follow up. Instantaneous markers of vagal and sympatho-vagal dynamics display power-law scaling for a large range of scales, from s to s. Using standard SVM algorithms, the proposed inhomogeneous point-process representation based multifractal analysis achieved the best CHF mortality prediction accuracy of 79.11 % (sensitivity 90.48%, specificity 67.74%). Our results suggest that heartbeat scaling and multifractal properties in CHF patients are not generated at the sinus-node level, but rather by the intrinsic action of vagal short-term control and of sympatho-vagal fluctuations associated with circadian cardiovascular control, especially within the VLF band. These markers might provide critical information in devising a clinical tool for individualized prediction of survivor and non-survivor CHF patients.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluation of nocturnal heart rate variability for strenuous exercise day using wearable photoelectric pulse wave sensor.
- Author
-
Yoshida Y, Yuda E, Yokoyama K, and Hayano J
- Abstract
In this study, we examined whether or not the strenuous exercise in the evening change nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) and recovers. Subjects were 8 healthy men belonging to the mature futsal team (age: 35±3 years) and Futsal was held from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Sunday. Pulse waves during sleeping were measured at home on exercise day and on control day. The mean pulse interval (MPI), standard deviation pulse interval (SDPI), low frequency component (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency component (HF, 0.15-0.45 Hz) and the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF) were calculated from pulse interval time series every 30 min. As a result, MPI, SDPI, LF, HF of exercise day were significantly lower than control day ( P <0.0001). LF/HF of exercise day was significantly higher than control day ( P <0.05). Regarding change of HRV for every 30 min, MPI ( P <0.05), SDPI ( P =0.0003), LF ( P =0.0038), HF ( P <0.05) were observed significant changes. MPI and HF before wake-up did not reach the level of control day. It is thought that strenuous exercise in the evening promotes sympathetic nervous activity during night sleep and suggesting that pulse rate and HRV have not recovered by the wake-up time., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Increase in random component of heart rate variability coinciding with developmental and degenerative stages of life.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Ohashi K, Yoshida Y, Yuda E, Nakamura T, Kiyono K, and Yamamoto Y
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities physiopathology, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Aging physiology, Heart Rate
- Abstract
Objective: To adapt to a new environment or situation, biological systems explore the most convenient state while moving between attractors by the force of random fluctuation. From this concept, the random component in physiological signals is assumed to increase during developmental and degenerative stages of life. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the age-dependent changes in the random component of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-h electrocardiography (ECG) big data and in patients with a developmental disorder (DD)., Approach: We measured separately regulated and random components of HRV with autoregressive (AR) model fitting, by which the ratio of random component as the fractional variance of AR residual time series. From the ALLSTAR database of about 304 000 ambulatory 24-h ECGs, we randomly extracted the data of 1930 men and 1987 women uniformly for all ages from 0 to 100 years old (100 cases per 5-year strata for each sex). Data were also obtained from male pediatric patients with DD (age 10-15 years)., Main Results: While the variance of the regulated component of HRV increased from age 0 to 20, decreased with age until 40, and reached a plateau in both sexes, the ratio of the random component was high at birth, decreased with age until 35 in men and 30 in women, and increased again after 75 in men and 85 in women (P < 0.0001 for all). In patients with a DD, the ratio of the random component was significantly lower than that in age-and-sex matched subjects in the database., Significance: We found that the ratio of the random component of HRV is increased during developmental and degenerative stages of life and that it may be reduced in DD patients during their development.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Scattering Transform of Heart Rate Variability for the Prediction of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.
- Author
-
Leonarduzzi R, Abry P, Wendt H, Kiyono K, Yamamoto Y, Watanabe E, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Area Under Curve, Humans, Machine Learning, Multivariate Analysis, Support Vector Machine, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Fibrillation physiopathology, Heart Rate physiology, Stroke complications, Stroke physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an identified risk factor for ischemic strokes (IS). AF causes a loss in atrial contractile function that favors the formation of thrombi, and thus increases the risk of stroke. Also, AF produces highly irregular and complex temporal dynamics in ventricular response RR intervals. Thus, it is hypothesized that the analysis of RR dynamics could provide predictors for IS. However, these complex and nonlinear dynamics call for the use of advanced multiscale nonlinear signal processing tools., Objectives: The global aim is to investigate the performance of a recently-proposed multiscale and nonlinear signal processing tool, the scattering transform, in predicting IS for patients suffering from AF., Methods: The heart rate of a cohort of 173 patients from Fujita Health University Hospital in Japan was analyzed with the scattering transform. First, p-values of Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to identify scattering coefficients achieving significant (univariate) discrimination between patients with and without IS. Second, a multivariate procedure for feature selection and classification, the Sparse Support Vector Machine (S-SVM), was applied to predict IS., Results: Groups of scattering coefficients, located at several time-scales, were identified as significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in patients who developed IS than in those who did not. Though the overall predictive power of these indices remained moderate (around 60 %), it was found to be much higher when analysis was restricted to patients not taking antithrombotic treatment (around 80 %). Further, S-SVM showed that multivariate classification improves IS prediction, and also indicated that coefficients involved in classification differ for patients with and without antithrombotic treatment., Conclusions: Scattering coefficients were found to play a significant role in predicting IS, notably for patients not receiving antithrombotic treatment. S-SVM improves IS detection performance and also provides insight on which features are important. Notably, it shows that AF patients not taking antithrombotic treatment are characterized by a slow modulation of RR dynamics in the ULF range and a faster modulation in the HF range. These modulations are significantly decreased in patients with IS, and hence have a good discriminant ability., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (Schattauer GmbH.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Acute effects of endurance exercise on nocturnal autonomic functions in sedentary subjects: a pilot study.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Moriyama Y, Mori T, Yoshida Y, Kawahara M, and Hayano J
- Abstract
Nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) is thought to reflect healthy recovery function of the autonomic nervous system. Although exercise is recommended for health promotion, exercise itself decreases HRV. We studied acute effect of daytime exercise on nocturnal HRV in 5 healthy adults (age, 22-40 years; 2 female subjects) without regular exercise habit. Using a treadmill, they performed 30-min walking at 4 km/hr and 30-min running at 9 km/hr from 11 a.m. on different days at an interval of 2 weeks. On these days and a day without exercise (control), Holter electrocardiograms were recorded from 9 a.m. for 24 hr. The amplitudes of low-frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF, 0.15-0.45 Hz) components of HRV were measured continuously by complex demodulation and were averaged over periods of 11:00-11:30 a.m., 3 hr after going to bed, and time in bed at night. Exercise intensities of the walking and running were at 10% to 44% and 55% to 67% of heart rate reserve, respectively. During exercise, heart rate increased and LF and HF amplitudes decreased with exercise intensity. Nocturnal heart rate and LF and HF amplitude, however, showed no consistent changes with exercise intensity and their averages on the days of walking and running did not differ significantly from those of the control day. In conclusion, 30-min walking and running exercises performed in the morning had no significant acute effects on nocturnal heart rate or HRV., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Blunted cyclic variation of heart rate predicts mortality risk in post-myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and chronic heart failure patients.
- Author
-
Hayano J, Yasuma F, Watanabe E, Carney RM, Stein PK, Blumenthal JA, Arsenos P, Gatzoulis KA, Takahashi H, Ishii H, Kiyono K, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida Y, Yuda E, and Kodama I
- Subjects
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Aged, Algorithms, Chronic Disease, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Female, Greece, Heart Failure diagnosis, Heart Failure therapy, Humans, Japan, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Kidney Failure, Chronic diagnosis, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction therapy, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Renal Dialysis, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Stroke Volume, Time Factors, Ventricular Function, Left, Circadian Rhythm, Heart Failure mortality, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Rate, Kidney Failure, Chronic mortality, Kidney Failure, Chronic physiopathology, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology
- Abstract
Aims: Cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) associated with sleep-disordered breathing is thought to reflect cardiac autonomic responses to apnoeic/hypoxic stress. We examined whether blunted CVHR observed in ambulatory ECG could predict the mortality risk., Methods and Results: CVHR in night-time Holter ECG was detected by an automated algorithm, and the prognostic relationships of the frequency (FCV) and amplitude (ACV) of CVHR were examined in 717 patients after myocardial infarction (post-MI 1, 6% mortality, median follow-up 25 months). The predictive power was prospectively validated in three independent cohorts: a second group of 220 post-MI patients (post-MI 2, 25.5% mortality, follow-up 45 months); 299 patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic haemodialysis (ESRD, 28.1% mortality, follow-up 85 months); and 100 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF, 35% mortality, follow-up 38 months). Although CVHR was observed in ≥96% of the patients in all cohorts, FCV did not predict mortality in any cohort. In contrast, decreased ACV was a powerful predictor of mortality in the post-MI 1 cohort (hazard ratio [95% CI] per 1 ln [ms] decrement, 2.9 [2.2-3.7], P < 0.001). This prognostic relationship was validated in the post-MI 2 (1.8 [1.4-2.2], P < 0.001), ESRD (1.5 [1.3-1.8], P < 0.001), and CHF (1.4 [1.1-1.8], P = 0.02) cohorts. The prognostic value of ACV was independent of age, gender, diabetes, β-blocker therapy, left ventricular ejection fraction, sleep-time mean R-R interval, and FCV., Conclusion: Blunted CVHR detected by decreased ACV in a night-time Holter ECG predicts increased mortality risk in post-MI, ESRD, and CHF patients., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Exposure to blue light during lunch break: effects on autonomic arousal and behavioral alertness.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Ogasawara H, Yoshida Y, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System radiation effects, Female, Humans, Light, Male, Psychomotor Performance radiation effects, Young Adult, Attention radiation effects, Heart Rate radiation effects, Lunch, Wakefulness radiation effects
- Abstract
Background: Exposures to melanopsin-stimulating (melanopic) component-rich blue light enhance arousal level. We examined their effects in office workers. Eight healthy university office workers were exposed to blue and orange lights for 30 min during lunch break on different days. We compared the effects of light color on autonomic arousal level assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and behavioral alertness by psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT). Heart rate was higher and high-frequency (HF, 0.150.45 Hz) power of HRV was lower during exposure to the blue light than to orange light. No significant difference with light color was observed, however, in any HRV indices during PVT or in PVT performance after light exposure., Short Conclusion: Exposure to blue light during lunch break, compared with that to orange light, enhances autonomic arousal during exposure, but has no sustained effect on autonomic arousal or behavioral alertness after exposure.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Multiscale properties of instantaneous parasympathetic activity in severe congestive heart failure: A survivor vs non-survivor study.
- Author
-
Valenza G, Wendt H, Kiyono K, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Yamamoto Y, Abry P, and Barbieri R
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Heart Rate, Humans, Survivors, Vagus Nerve, Heart Failure
- Abstract
Multifractal analysis of cardiovascular variability series is an effective tool for the characterization of pathological states associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). Consequently, variations of heartbeat scaling properties have been associated with the dynamical balancing of nonlinear sympathetic/vagal activity. Nevertheless, whether vagal dynamics has multifractal properties yet alone is currently unknown. In this study, we answer this question by conducting multifractal analysis through wavelet leader-based multiscale representations of instantaneous series of vagal activity as estimated from inhomogeneous point process models. Experimental tests were performed on data gathered from 57 CHF patients, aiming to investigate the automatic recognition accuracy in predicting survivor and non-survivor patients after a 4 years follow up. Results clearly indicate that, on both CHF groups, the instantaneous vagal activity displays power-law scaling for a large range of scales, from ≃ 0.5s to ≃ 100s. Using standard SVM algorithms, this information also allows for a prediction of mortality at a single-subject level with an accuracy of 72.72%.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Sodium balance, circadian BP rhythm, heart rate variability, and intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and dopaminergic systems in acute phase of ARB therapy.
- Author
-
Isobe-Sasaki Y, Fukuda M, Ogiyama Y, Sato R, Miura T, Fuwa D, Mizuno M, Matsuoka T, Shibata H, Ito H, Ono M, Abe-Dohmae S, Kiyono K, Yamamoto Y, Kobori H, Michikawa M, Hayano J, and Ohte N
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists adverse effects, Benzimidazoles administration & dosage, Benzimidazoles adverse effects, Circadian Rhythm, Dopamine metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxadiazoles administration & dosage, Oxadiazoles adverse effects, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic physiopathology, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists therapeutic use, Benzimidazoles therapeutic use, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Oxadiazoles therapeutic use, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic drug therapy, Renin-Angiotensin System, Sodium metabolism
- Abstract
We have revealed that even in humans, activated intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) enhances tubular sodium reabsorption to facilitate salt sensitivity and nondipper rhythm of blood pressure (BP), and that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) could increase daytime urinary sodium excretion rate (U
N a V) to produce lower sodium balance and restore nondipper rhythm. However, the sympathetic nervous system and intrarenal dopaminergic system can also contribute to renal sodium handling. A total of 20 patients with chronic kidney disease (61 ± 15 years) underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring before and during two-day treatment with ARB, azilsartan. Urinary angiotensinogen excretion rate (UAGT V, μ g/gCre) was measured as intrarenal RAAS; urinary dopamine excretion rate (UDA V, pg/gCre) as intrarenal dopaminergic system; heart rate variabilities (HRV, calculated from 24-h Holter-ECG) of non-Gaussianity index λ25s as sympathetic nerve activity; and power of high-frequency (HF) component or deceleration capacity (DC) as parasympathetic nerve activity. At baseline, glomerular filtration rate correlated inversely with UAGT V ( r = -0.47, P = 0.04) and positively with UDA V ( r = 0.58, P = 0.009). HF was a determinant of night/day BP ratio ( β = -0.50, F = 5.8), rather than DC or λ25s During the acute phase of ARB treatment, a lower steady sodium balance was not achieved. Increase in daytime UN a V preceded restoration of BP rhythm, accompanied by decreased UAGT V ( r = -0.88, P = 0.05) and increased UDA V ( r = 0.87, P = 0.05), but with no changes in HRVs. Diminished sodium excretion can cause nondipper BP rhythm. This was attributable to intrarenal RAAS and dopaminergic system and impaired parasympathetic nerve activity. During the acute phase of ARB treatment, cooperative effects of ARB and intrarenal dopaminergic system exert natriuresis to restore circadian BP rhythm., (© 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Prognostic Importance of Novel Oxygen Desaturation Metrics in Patients With Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea.
- Author
-
Watanabe E, Kiyono K, Matsui S, Somers VK, Sano K, Hayano J, Ichikawa T, Kawai M, Harada M, and Ozaki Y
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Diastolic diagnosis, Heart Failure, Diastolic therapy, Heart Failure, Systolic diagnosis, Heart Failure, Systolic therapy, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Oximetry methods, Polysomnography methods, Prospective Studies, ROC Curve, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Apnea, Central therapy, Statistics, Nonparametric, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Cause of Death, Heart Failure, Diastolic epidemiology, Heart Failure, Systolic epidemiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Sleep Apnea, Central diagnosis, Sleep Apnea, Central epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Sleep-disordered breathing, particularly central sleep apnea (CSA), is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF) and an independent prognostic marker. We assessed the hypothesis that an increased hypoxemic burden during sleep may have greater prognostic value than the frequency of apneic and hypopneic episodes., Methods and Results: We prospectively conducted overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy on consecutive HF patients referred to our hospital from 2008 to 2011. We studied CSA defined by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥5 events/h with >75% of all events being central in origin. We determined the AHI, proportion of the sleep time with SpO
2 <90% (T90%), and proportion of the recording time that 4% desaturation events occurred (4%POD). We studied 112 HF patients with either systolic or diastolic dysfunction. During a follow-up period of 37 ± 25 months, 32 patients (29%) died. Nonsurvivors had a higher 4%POD compared with survivors (11 ± 6.4% vs 19 ± 13%; P = .001), but did not differ significantly from survivors regarding AHI and T90%. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the 4%POD was the best independent predictor of mortality., Conclusions: The 4%POD, a novel metric for the nocturnal hypoxemic burden, is an independent prognostic marker in HF patients affected by CSA., Competing Interests: Other authors have no conflict of interest with regard to this study., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Enhancement of autonomic and psychomotor arousal by exposures to blue wavelength light: importance of both absolute and relative contents of melanopic component.
- Author
-
Yuda E, Ogasawara H, Yoshida Y, and Hayano J
- Subjects
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System radiation effects, Female, Humans, Male, Rod Opsins metabolism, Young Adult, Arousal radiation effects, Heart Rate radiation effects, Light, Psychomotor Performance radiation effects
- Abstract
Background: Blue light containing rich melanopsin-stimulating (melanopic) component has been reported to enhance arousal level, but it is unclear whether the determinant of the effects is the absolute or relative content of melanopic component. We compared the autonomic and psychomotor arousal effects of melanopic-enriched blue light of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with those of OLED lights with lesser absolute amount of melanopic component (green light) and with greater absolute but lesser relative content (white light)., Methods: Using a ceiling light consisting of 120 panels (55 × 55 mm square) of OLED modules with adjustable color and brightness, we examined the effects of blue, green, and white lights (melanopic photon flux densities, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.38 μmol/m
2 /s and its relative content ratios, 72, 17, and 14%, respectively) on heart rate variability (HRV) during exposures and on the performance of psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) after exposures in ten healthy subjects with normal color vision. For each of the three colors, five consecutive 10-min sessions of light exposures were performed in the supine position, interleaved by four 10-min intervals during which 5-min PVT was performed under usual fluorescent light in sitting position. Low-frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz) power and LF-to-HF ratio (LF/HF) of HRV during light exposures and reaction time (RT) and minor lapse (RT >500 ms) of PVT were analyzed., Results: Heart rate was higher and the HF power reflecting autonomic resting was lower during exposures to the blue light than the green and white lights, while LF/HF did not differ significantly. Also, the number of minor lapse and the variation of reaction time reflecting decreased vigilance were lower after exposures to the blue light than the green light., Conclusions: The effects of blue OLED light for maintaining autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels depend on both absolute and relative contents of melanopic component in the light.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.