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Parallel Contributed Talk at the "XIX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes" on line - 18-26 February, 2021

Ethyl carbamate is a common contaminant prevalent in fermented food with probable carcinogenic effects in animals. To date, other toxicological properties of ethyl carbamate are not well characterized. Using the genetic model

The rare decay K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] was studied with the dataset taken at the J-PARC KOTO experiment in 2016, 2017, and 2018. With a single event sensitivity of (7.20±0.05_{stat}±0.66_{syst})×10^{-10}, three candidate events were observed in the signal region. After unveiling them, contaminations from K^{±} and scattered K_{L} decays were studied, and the total number of background events was estimated to be 1.22±0.26. We conclude that the number of observed events is statistically consistent with the background expectation. For this dataset, we set an upper limit of 4.9×10^{-9} on the branching fraction of K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] at the 90% confidence level.

Western North American forest ecosystems are experiencing rapid changes in disturbance regimes because of climate change and land use legacies (Littell et al. 2018). In many of these forests, the accumulation of surface and ladder fuels from a century of fire suppression, coupled with a warming and drying climate, has led to increases in the number of large fires (Westerling 2016) and the proportion of areas burning at higher severity (Safford and Stevens 2017, Singleton et al. 2018). While the annual area burned by fire is still below historical levels (Taylor et al. 2016), some forest types in the west are burning at higher severities when compared to pre-European settlement periods (Mallek et al. 2013, Safford and Stevens 2017). As such, they face an increased risk of conversion to non-forest ecosystems (e.g., shrublands, non-native grasslands) following large, severe fires because of compromised seed sources, post-fire soil erosion and loss, high-severity re-burn, and climatic thresholds (Coppoletta et al. 2016, Stevens et al. 2017, Rissman et al. 2018, Shive et al. 2018, Wood and Jones 2019). Restoration methods such as mechanical thinning and prescribed and managed wildland fire that reduce accumulated surface and ladder fuels (e.g., removal of smalland medium-sized trees, especially non-fire adapted species) may reduce the spatial extent of severe fires and increase forest resilience to fire in a changing climate (Agee and Skinner 2005, Stephens et al. 2013, Hessburg et al. 2016, Tubbesing et al. 2019) and, in doing so, promote key ecosystem services (Hurteau et al. 2014, Kelsey et al. 2017, Wood and Jones 2019).

A search for the rare decay K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] was performed. With the data collected in 2015, corresponding to 2.2×10^{19} protons on target, a single event sensitivity of (1.30±0.01_{stat}±0.14_{syst})×10^{-9} was achieved and no candidate events were observed. We set an upper limit of 3.0×10^{-9} for the branching fraction of K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), which improved the previous limit by almost an order of magnitude. An upper limit for K_{L}→π^{0}X^{0} was also set as 2.4×10^{-9} at the 90% C.L., where X^{0} is an invisible boson with a mass of 135 MeV/c^{2}.

Testing the influence of edges on animal distributions depends on our capacity to quantify ‘edge’, particularly in heterogeneous landscapes. Habitat quality is likely to differ in instances where edges are abrupt and anthropogenic in origin, versus diffuse, disturbance-created edges. We tested whether or not structurally distinct edge types influence northern spotted owl habitat selection and whether the relationship between edge type and use varied across spatial scales relevant to owl foraging (

The pion branching ratio, $R_{\pi } = \frac { {\Gamma }(\pi ^{+} \rightarrow e^{+} \nu _{e} + \pi ^{+}\rightarrow e^{+} \nu _{e} \gamma )}{\Gamma (\pi ^{+} \rightarrow \mu ^{+} \nu _{\mu } + \pi ^{+} \rightarrow \mu ^{+} \nu _{\mu } \gamma )}$ , provides a sensitive test of lepton universality and constraints on many new physics scenarios. The theoretical uncertainty on the Standard Model prediction of R π is 0.02 %, a factor of twenty smaller than the experimental uncertainty. The analysis of a subset of data taken by the PIENU experiment will be presented. The result, R π = (1.2344 ± 0.0023(s t a t) ± 0.0019(s y s t)) ⋅ 10−4 [1], is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and represents a 0.1 % constraint on lepton non-universality.

A new measurement of the branching ratio R_{e/μ}=Γ(π^{+}→e^{+}ν+π^{+}→e^{+}νγ)/Γ(π^{+}→μ^{+}ν+π^{+}→μ^{+}νγ) resulted in R_{e/μ}^{exp}=[1.2344±0.0023(stat)±0.0019(syst)]×10^{-4}. This is in agreement with the standard model prediction and improves the test of electron-muon universality to the level of 0.1%.

Accurate measurements of the p(e,e?p)pi0 reaction were performed at Q^2=0.127(GeV/c)^2 in the Delta resonance energy region. The experiments at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator used an 820 MeV polarized electron beam with the out of plane magnetic spectrometer system (OOPS). In this paper we report the first simultaneous determination of both the TL and TL? (``fifth" or polarized) cross sections at low Q^{2} where the pion cloud contribution dominates the quadrupole amplitudes (E2 and C2). The real and imaginary parts of the transverse-longitudinal cross section provide both a sensitive determination of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude and a test of reaction calculations. Comparisons with model calculations are presented. The empirical MAID calculation gives the best overall agreement with this accurate data. The parameters of this model for the values of the resonant multipoles are |M_{1+}(I=3/2)|= (40.9 \pm 0.3)10^{-3}/m_pi, CMR= C2/M1= -6.5 \pm 0.3%, EMR=E2/M1=-2.2 \pm 0.9%, where the errors are due to the experimental uncertainties.

Mature minor consent only became available in Australia in 2007. There is neither an explicitly defined protocol, nor a clear definition evident in the literature relating to use of the mature minor concept in health research. Due to difficulties in defining fixed age ranges to varying levels of maturity and vulnerability, there is a lack of clarity surrounding when it might be reasonable and ethical to apply for or grant a waiver for parental consent. This paper describes the challenges faced and solutions created when gaining approval for use of mature minor consent in a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) study to explore the social norms and alcohol consumption among 14-17-year-old adolescents (n = 1012) in the community. The University's Human Research Ethics Committee granted mature minor consent for this study, and the techniques applied enabled recruitment of adolescents from community-based settings through use of RDS to achieve the required sample. This paper has relevance for research that requires a waiver for parental consent; it presents a case study for assessing mature minors and makes recommendations on how ethical guidelines can be improved to assist human research ethics application processes.

To explore attitudes, knowledge and current practices of retirement and residential aged care providers in Western Australia towards accommodating older gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex (GLBTI) individuals. GLBTI is used throughout as a general term to include people who are not exclusively heterosexual in identity, attraction and/or behaviour.Postal surveys were sent to 329 providers of accommodation to ask about their attitudes, knowledge and current practices towards older GLBTI people. Two focus groups were also held with managers of accommodation facilities and GLBTI community members.Few respondents reported having experience with any older GLBTI residents in their retirement or residential aged care facility. There was poor inclusion of GLBTI issues in policy frameworks, and limited understanding regarding same-sex law reforms.Older non-heterosexual people are often obscured within ageing population discourses, and conceal their identity for fear of discrimination. GLBTI-sensitive practices can help to facilitate the disclosure of sexual orientation and/or gender identity that may assist in meeting the unique needs of this group.

The 7th North American Forest Ecology Workshop, consisting of 149 presentations in 16 oral sessions and a poster session, reflected a broad range of topical areas currently under investigation in forest ecology and management. There was an overarching emphasis on the role of disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic, in the dynamics of forest ecosystems, and the recognition that legacies from past disturbances strongly influence future trajectories. Climate was invoked as a major driver of ecosystem change. An emphasis was placed on application of research findings for predicting system responses to changing forest management initiatives. Several “needs” emerged from the discussions regarding approaches to the study of forest ecosystems, including (1) consideration of variable spatial and temporal scales, (2) long-term monitoring, (3) development of universal databases more encompassing of time and space to facilitate meta-analyses, (4) combining field studies and modeling approaches, (5) standardizing methods of measurement and assessment, (6) guarding against oversimplification or overgeneralization from limited site-specific results, (7) greater emphasis on plant-animal interactions, and (8) better alignment of needs and communication of results between researchers and managers.

A TRIUMF experiment, PIENU, which aims to measure the branching ratio of pion decays, R = Γ(π→eν+eνγ)/Γ(π→μν+μνγ) to a precision of 0.1% or better is described. Such a measurement provides the best test of electron‐muon universality in weak interactions and is sensitive to an effective mass scale of up to 1000 TeV in new physics.A TRIUMF experiment, PIENU, which aims to measure the branching ratio of pion decays, R = Γ(π→eν+eνγ)/Γ(π→μν+μνγ) to a precision of 0.1% or better is described. Such a measurement provides the best test of electron‐muon universality in weak interactions and is sensitive to an effective mass scale of up to 1000 TeV in new physics.

We performed a search for a light pseudoscalar particle X in the decay K_{L};{0}--pi;{0}pi;{0}X, X--gammagamma with the E391a detector at KEK. Such a particle with a mass of 214.3 MeV/c;{2} was suggested by the HyperCP experiment. We found no evidence for X and set an upper limit on the product branching ratio for K_{L};{0}--pi;{0}pi;{0}X, X--gammagamma of 2.4x10;{-7} at the 90% confidence level. Upper limits on the branching ratios in the mass region of X from 194.3 to 219.3 MeV/c;{2} are also presented.

The WASA 4pi multidetector system, aimed at investigating light meson production in light ion collisions and eta meson rare decays at the CELSIUS storage ring in Uppsala is presented. A detailed description of the design, together with the anticipated and achieved performance parameters are given., 25 pages, 20 figures

We performed a search for the K L0--pi0nu nu[over] decay at the KEK 12-GeV proton synchrotron. No candidate events were observed. An upper limit on the branching ratio for the decay was set to be 6.7 x 10(-8) at the 90% confidence level.

This paper presents the experimental results of a transmitter IC for W-CDMA mobile terminal application based on a super heterodyne architecture. Implemented by utilizing IBM's 0.5 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology, the transmitter IC consumes approximately 270 mW with a 3.0 V power supply. The RFIC features an OIP3 of +25.0 dBm, a 95 dB dynamic range and 6.3% EVM.

A fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is mapped onto a suggested processing element topology in order to demonstrate the utility of the systolic data flow machine (SDFM) approach. The SDFM is based on the partitioning of dataflow programs (graphs) into subgraphs that are small enough that they can be loaded into programmable systolic arrays, called processing elements. Mapability and performance criteria are suggested, such as the number of allocated primitive processors (in a systolic array) and the number of primitive processors and systolic arrays that are active at any one time. Conclusions about system attributes, such as the ratio of local to global communication, granularity, instruction execution and communication time, parallelism, processor utilization, are also presented. >

Accurate measurements of the p(→e, e′p)π0 reaction were performed at Q2 = 0.127 (GeV/c)2 in the A resonance energy region. The experiments at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator used an 820 MeV polarized electron beam with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometer system (OOPS). In this Letter we report the first simultaneous determination of both the TL and TL′ ("fifth" or polarized) cross sections at low Q2 where the pion cloud contribution is predicted to dominate the quadrupole amplitudes (E2 and C2). These are the real and imaginary parts of the transverse-longitudinal interference amplitudes and provide a sensitive determination of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude and a test of reaction calculations. Comparisons with model calculations are presented. The empirical MAID calculation gives the best overall agreement with this accurate data. The parameters of this model for the values of the resonant multipoles are [M1+(I = 3/2)| = (40.9 ± 0.3) × 10-3/mπ, CMR = C2/M1 = -6.5 ± 0.3%, EMR = E2/M1 = -2.2 ± 0.9%, where the errors are due to the experimental uncertainties. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Quadrupole amplitudes in the [Formula Presented] transition are associated with the issue of nucleon deformation. A search for these small amplitudes has been the focus of a series of measurements undertaken at Bates/MIT by the OOPS Collaboration. We report on results from [Formula Presented] data obtained at [Formula Presented] and invariant mass of [Formula Presented] using the out-of-plane detection technique with the OOPS spectrometers. The [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] response functions were isolated. These results, along with those of previous measurements at [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] aim in elucidating the interplay between resonant and nonresonant amplitudes. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

We report on the design and performance of compact detector packages currently installed in the four magnetic out-of-plane spectrometers for electron scattering experiments at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The detector packages have been designed to meet the mechanical requirements arising from out-of-plane particle detection. They offer good trajectory and momentum reconstruction, particle identification and time-of-flight measurements for electrons, pions, protons, and deuterons with large momentum bites and in broad kinematical ranges and high luminosities. The detectors have so far been used with great success in out-of-plane measurements of 12C(e→,e′p), 2H(e→,e′p), virtual Compton scattering below pion threshold and in studies of the N→Δ transition in both exclusive reaction channels 1H(e→,e′p)π0 and 1H(e→,e′π+)n. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurements of the (2)H((--)e,e(')p)n reaction were performed with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometers (OOPS) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator. The longitudinal-transverse, f(LT) and f(')(LT), and the transverse-transverse, f(TT), interference responses at a missing momentum of 210 MeV/c were simultaneously extracted in the dip region at Q2 = 0.15 (GeV/c)(2). In comparison to models of deuteron electrodisintegration, the data clearly reveal strong effects of relativity and final-state interactions and the importance of two-body meson-exchange currents and isobar configurations. We demonstrate that such effects can be disentangled by extracting these responses using the novel out-of-plane technique.

High-precision 1H(e, elp)φ0 measurements at Q2 = 0.126 (GeV/c)2 are presented. It allows the determination of quadrupole amplitudes in the γ*N → △ transition, in which the reliability of electroproduction models was simultaneously tested. The derived quadrupole-to-dipole (I = 3/2) amplitude ratios, RSM = (-6.5 ± 0.2stat+sys ± 2.5mod)% and REM = (-2.1 ± 0.2stat+sys ± 2.0mod)%, are dominated by model error.

Competition to produce cast parts of higher quality, lower rejection rate, and lower cost is a fundamental factor in the global economy. To gain an edge on foreign competitors, the US casting industry must cut manufacturing costs and reduce the time from design to market. Casting research and development (RD special facilities to cast toxic material; extensive experience casting metals and nonmetals; advanced measurement and instrumentation systems. Department of Energy (DOE) funding provides the leverage for LLNL to collaborate with industrial partners to share this advanced casting expertise and technology. At the same time, collaboration with industrial partners provides LLNL technologists with broader insights into casting industry issues, casting process data, and the collective, experience of industry experts. Casting RD it is the cornerstone for increasing US industrial competitiveness and minimizingmore » waste nuclear material in weapon component production. Annual funding for casting projects at LLNL is $10M, which represents 1% of the total LLNL budget. Metal casting accounts for about 80% of the funding. Funding is nearly equally divided between development directed toward US industrial competitiveness and weapon component casting.« less

A method for calculating quasi-one-dimensional, steady-state, two-phase dispersed droplet-in-vapor flow has been developed. The technique is applicable to both subsonic and supersonic single component flow in which normal shock waves may occur, and is the basis for a two-dimensional model. The flow is assumed to be inviscid except for droplet drag. Temperature and pressure equilibrium between phases is assumed, although this is not a requirement of the technique. Example calculations of flow in one-dimensional nozzles with and without normal shocks are given and compared with experimentally measured pressure profiles for both low quality and high quality two-phase steam-water flow.

In a dispersed two-phase flow, the mixture chokes at a velocity well below the vapor choking velocity, as shown by the velocity at the throat of a converging-diverging, two-phase, supersonic nozzle. The formation and abruptness of a normal shock wave in a two-phase mixture depends strongly on the coupling between phases, particularly upon droplet size. As droplet size becomes small, the mixture behaves as a continuum, and sharp discontinuities can occur at velocities above the two-phase choking velocity but below the vapor sonic velocity. An approximate analysis is performed to incidate the droplet size at which continuum behavior might be expected to occur. A numerical model, which includes the drag, buoyancy, Basset force, and the force associated with the virtual mass effect, is used to show droplet-size dependence in two-phase normal shock waves. For the examples presented, continuum behavior apparently is approached at droplet diameters between 1 and 2 μm, even through normal shock waves.

Formulas are obtained for the speeds of propagation of gravity-induced rarefaction and condensation density discontinuities in vertical sand columns. A rarefaction wave is induced in a column of sand at rest by removing the support at the bottom of the column. A condensation shock is induced by reintroducing the support, which stops the sand from falling. The theoretical prediction of the speed of propagation of the leading edges of the rarefaction wave corresponds well with the speed measurements obtained in a preliminary experiment.

The ability to measure changes in tissue oxygenation noninvasively is of potential benefit to managing a variety of problems in clinical medicine. One useful way to assess tissue oxygenation in situ. is to measure oxygen-dependent light absorption by hemoglobin and other chromophores present in the tissues. Soft tissues and bone are relatively translucent to near infrared (NIR) photons and three important biological molecules, hemoglobin (Hb+Hb02), myoglobin (Mb+Mb02) and oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (cyt a, a.3) have oxygen-dependent absorption spectra in the 700–900 nm wavelength region. Therefore, NIR spectroscopy offers a potential solution to the problem of noninvasive measurement of changes in tissue oxygenation. These concepts were first reported from Duke University in 1977 when Jobsis1 demonstrated a “window” for transmission of NIR light in biological tissues and the feasibility of in vivo NIR monitoring of changes in the oxygenation state of hemoglobin and the oxidation level of cyt a, a3 in the brain. Continuous, noninvasive NIR monitoring techniques to evaluate tissue oxygenation have evolved gradually over the past 10 years at Duke and other institutions2–4.

An introduction to the study of groups