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1. Overcoming photobleaching in imaging of single barium atoms in a solid xenon matrix

Author: M. Yvaine, D. Fairbank, J. Soderstrom, C. Taylor, J. Stanley, T. Walton, C. Chambers, A. Iverson, W. Fairbank, S. Al Kharusi, A. Amy, E. Angelico, A. Anker, I. J. Arnquist, A. Atencio, J. Bane, V. Belov, E. P. Bernard, T. Bhatta, A. Bolotnikov, J. Breslin, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, E. Caden, G. F. Cao, D. Cesmecioglu, E. Chambers, B. Chana, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, R. Collister, M. Cvitan, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, R. DeVoe, M. L. di Vacri, M. J. Dolinski, B. Eckert, M. Elbeltagi, R. Elmansali, N. Fatemighomi, B. Foust, Y. S. Fu, D. Gallacher, N. Gallice, G. Giacomini, W. Gillis, C. Gingras, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, C. A. Hardy, S. Hedges, E. Hein, J. D. Holt, E. W. Hoppe, A. Karelin, D. Keblbeck, I. Kotov, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. A. Kwiatkowski, A. Larson, M. B. Latif, K. G. Leach, A. Lennarz, D. S. Leonard, H. Lewis, G. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, S. Majidi, C. Malbrunot, J. Masbou, K. McMichael, M. Medina Peregrina, M. Moe, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, C. R. Natzke, X. E. Ngwadla, K. Ni, A. Nolan, S. C. Nowicki, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, A. Odian, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, L. Pagani, H. Peltz Smalley, A. Perna, A. Pocar, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, H. Rasiwala, D. Ray, S. Rescia, G. Richardson, R. Ross, P. C. Rowson, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schwartz, S. Sekula, L. Si, A. K. Soma, F. Spadoni, V. Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, S. Thibado, A. Tidball, T. Totev, S. Triambak, T. Tsang, O. A. Tyuka, E. van Bruggen, M. Vidal, M. Walent, K. Wamba, H. W. Wang, Q. D. Wang, W. Wang, Y. G. Wang, M. Watts, M. Wehrfritz, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. Wilde, M. Worcester, H. Xu, L. Yang, M. Yu, and O. Zeldovich
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the most sensitive probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. One of the isotopes under investigation is ^{136}Xe, which would double beta decay into ^{136}Ba. Detecting the single ^{136}Ba daughter provides a sort of ultimate tool in the discrimination against backgrounds. Previous work demonstrated the ability to perform single atom imaging of Ba atoms in a single-vacancy site of a solid xenon matrix. In this paper, the effort to identify signal from individual barium atoms is extended to Ba atoms in a hexa-vacancy site in the matrix and is achieved despite increased photobleaching in this site. Abrupt fluorescence turn-off of a single Ba atom is also observed. Significant recovery of fluorescence signal lost through photobleaching is demonstrated upon annealing of Ba deposits in the Xe ice. Following annealing, it is observed that Ba atoms in the hexa-vacancy site exhibit antibleaching while Ba atoms in the tetra-vacancy site exhibit bleaching. This may be evidence for a matrix site transfer upon laser excitation. Our findings offer a path of continued research toward tagging of Ba daughters in all significant sites in solid xenon.
Published: 2024
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2. Performance of novel VUV-sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers for nEXO

Author: G. Gallina, Y. Guan, F. Retiere, G. Cao, A. Bolotnikov, I. Kotov, S. Rescia, A. K. Soma, T. Tsang, L. Darroch, T. Brunner, J. Bolster, J. R. Cohen, T. Pinto Franco, W. C. Gillis, H. Peltz Smalley, S. Thibado, A. Pocar, A. Bhat, A. Jamil, D. C. Moore, G. Adhikari, S. Al Kharusi, E. Angelico, I. J. Arnquist, P. Arsenault, I. Badhrees, J. Bane, V. Belov, E. P. Bernard, T. Bhatta, P. A. Breur, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, E. Caden, L. Cao, C. Chambers, B. Chana, S. A. Charlebois, D. Chernyak, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, R. Collister, M. Cvitan, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, K. Deslandes, R. DeVoe, M. L. di Vacri, Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, B. Eckert, M. Elbeltagi, L. Fabris, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, Y. S. Fu, D. Gallacher, P. Gautam, G. Giacomini, C. Gingras, D. Goeldi, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, C. A. Hardy, S. Hedges, M. Heffner, E. Hein, J. Holt, E. W. Hoppe, J. Hößl, A. House, W. Hunt, A. Iverson, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, R. Krücken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, A. Larson, K. G. Leach, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, G. Lessard, G. Li, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, R. Lindsay, R. MacLellan, M. Mahtab, S. Majidi, C. Malbrunot, P. Margetak, P. Martel-Dion, L. Martin, J. Masbou, N. Massacret, K. McMichael, B. Mong, K. Murray, J. Nattress, C. R. Natzke, X. E. Ngwadla, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, A. Odian, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Perna, A. Piepke, N. Pletskova, J. F. Pratte, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, G. J. Ramonnye, T. Rao, H. Rasiwala, K. Raymond, B. M. Rebeiro, G. Richardson, J. Ringuette, V. Riot, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, L. Rudolph, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, X. Shang, F. Spadoni, V. Stekhanov, X. L. Sun, A. Tidball, T. Totev, S. Triambak, R. H. M. Tsang, O. A. Tyuka, F. Vachon, M. Vidal, S. Viel, G. Visser, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, K. Wamba, Q. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Watts, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, S. Wilde, M. Worcester, W. H. Wu, X. Wu, L. Xie, W. Yan, H. Yang, L. Yang, O. Zeldovich, J. Zhao, and T. Ziegler
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β ), due to their response uniformity, monolithic sensitive volume, scalability to large target masses, and suitability for extremely low background operations. The nEXO collaboration has designed a tonne-scale time projection chamber that aims to search for 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β of $$^{136}$$ 136 Xe with projected half-life sensitivity of $$1.35\times 10^{28}$$ 1.35 × 10 28 yr. To reach this sensitivity, the design goal for nEXO is $$\le $$ ≤ 1% energy resolution at the decay Q-value ( $$2458.07\pm 0.31$$ 2458.07 ± 0.31 keV). Reaching this resolution requires the efficient collection of both the ionization and scintillation produced in the detector. The nEXO design employs Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) to detect the vacuum ultra-violet, 175 nm scintillation light of liquid xenon. This paper reports on the characterization of the newest vacuum ultra-violet sensitive Fondazione Bruno Kessler VUVHD3 SiPMs specifically designed for nEXO, as well as new measurements on new test samples of previously characterised Hamamatsu VUV4 Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). Various SiPM and MPPC parameters, such as dark noise, gain, direct crosstalk, correlated avalanches and photon detection efficiency were measured as a function of the applied over voltage and wavelength at liquid xenon temperature (163 K). The results from this study are used to provide updated estimates of the achievable energy resolution at the decay Q-value for the nEXO design.
Published: 2022
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3. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author: X. S. Jiang, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, T. Tolba, S. Rescia, D. Fairbank, A. Piepke, Y. Y. Ding, O. Zeldovich, D. Kodroff, T. Daniels, J. Echevers, R. DeVoe, M. Hughes, Simon Johnston, R. Saldanha, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, Alexis G. Schubert, R. MacLellan, G. St-Hilaire, C. Chambers, I. J. Arnquist, Lorenzo Fabris, J.-L. Vuilleumier, N. Roy, Yuehe Lin, U. Wichoski, L. Cao, David Moore, B. T. Cleveland, John L. Orrell, S. Kravitz, F. Nolet, Veljko Radeka, Jens Dilling, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, T. Ziegler, J. P. Brodsky, T. Bhatta, P. C. Rowson, A.C. Odian, I. Badhrees, M. Heffner, Z. Li, Gerrit Wrede, D. Fudenberg, S. X. Wu, M. Tarka, F. Vachon, G. Li, Douglas H Beck, L. J. Wen, S. Parent, Samuele Sangiorgio, A. House, David Leonard, W. Cree, L. Darroch, J. Todd, G. Gallina, Y-R Yen, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, I. Ostrovskiy, K. S. Kumar, D. A. Harris, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, S. Delaquis, T. Stiegler, A. Kuchenkov, M. J. Dolinski, X. F. Wu, A. Larson, Yunyan Zhou, O. Njoya, E. V. Hansen, Giorgio Gratta, K. Skarpaas, Ethan Brown, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, M. Weber, Shu Li, A. Karelin, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, T. Rossignol, M. J. Jewell, Qun-Yao Wang, Zhijun Ning, Y. Ito, L. J. Kaufman, Wei Wei, Rejean Fontaine, S. J. Daugherty, F. Bourque, Y. Lan, Liang Yang, R. Tsang, A. Jamil, S. Feyzbakhsh, C. Licciardi, W. R. Cen, R. Gornea, Guofu Cao, E. Raguzin, J. Farine, Eric W. Hoppe, Gerard Visser, A. Burenkov, T. Brunner, Arun Kumar Soma, Justin Albert, J. Watkins, V.N. Stekhanov, M. Coon, A. Pocar, Cory T. Overman, T. Tsang, A. Craycraft, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, F. Retiere, Angelo Dragone, Jochen M. Schneider, Qing Xia, X. Zhang, M. Chiu, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, G. S. Ortega, Jean-Francois Pratte, V. A. Belov, M. Oriunno, Serge A. Charlebois, T. I. Totev, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, T. Walton, J. Daughhetee, A. E. Robinson, K. Odgers, M. Côté, Thilo Michel, and Gabriele Giacomini
Subjects: Physics, Sapphire window, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Barium, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Background level, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Author(s): Chambers, C; Walton, T; Fairbank, D; Craycraft, A; Yahne, DR; Todd, J; Iverson, A; Fairbank, W; Alamare, A; Albert, JB; Anton, G; Arnquist, IJ; Badhrees, I; Barbeau, PS; Beck, D; Belov, V; Bhatta, T; Bourque, F; Brodsky, JP; Brown, E; Brunner, T; Burenkov, A; Cao, GF; Cao, L; Cen, WR; Charlebois, SA; Chiu, M; Cleveland, B; Coon, M; Cree, W; Cote, M; Dalmasson, J; Daniels, T; Darroch, L; Daugherty, SJ; Daughhetee, J; Delaquis, S; Mesrobian-Kabakian, A Der; DeVoe, R; Dilling, J; Ding, YY; Dolinski, MJ; Dragone, A; Echevers, J; Fabris, L; Farine, J; Feyzbakhsh, S; Fontaine, R; Fudenberg, D; Giacomini, G; Gornea, R; Gratta, G; Hansen, EV; Heffner, M; Hoppe, EW; Hosl, J; House, A; Hufschmidt, P; Hughes, M; Ito, Y; Jamil, A; Jessiman, C; Jewell, MJ; Jiang, XS; Karelin, A; Kaufman, LJ; Kodroff, D; Koffas, T; Kravitz, S; Krucken, R; Kuchenkov, A; Kumar, KS; Lan, Y; Larson, A; Leonard, DS; Li, G; Li, S; Li, Z; Licciardi, C; Lin, YH; Lv, P; MacLellan, R; Michel, T; Mong, B; Moore, DC | Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.
Published: 2019
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4. Reflectivity of VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers in Liquid Xenon

Author: M. Heffner, Thilo Michel, M. Hughes, F. Vachon, Jean-Francois Pratte, Aleksey E. Bolotnikov, A. Craycraft, R. DeVoe, C. Gingras, C.R. Natzke, A. De St. Croix, T. I. Totev, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, J. C. Nzobadila Ondze, S. Al Kharusi, R. Saldanha, O. Nusair, J. Ringuette, R. Krücken, W. M. Fairbank, M. Worcester, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, N. Massacret, Lorenzo Fabris, David Moore, Wen-Qi Yan, K. Harouaka, R. Gornea, E. Hansen, C. T. Overman, Samuele Sangiorgio, I. Ostrovskiy, H. Rasiwala, M. Tarka, K. S. Kumar, M. Elbeltagi, R. Tsang, A. Larson, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, E. Caden, F. Retière, Z. Li, Mike Richman, N. Roy, S. Feyzbakhsh, G. Giacomini, M. Murra, G. Li, E. Raguzin, A. Pocar, A. Iverson, Ethan Brown, B. Mong, C. Licciardi, F. Nolet, J. P. Brodsky, A. Tidball, T. McElroy, Shu Li, T. Rossignol, V. A. Belov, R. MacLellan, O. Zeldovich, M. Medina Peregrina, A. Karelin, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, I. Badhrees, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, D. Fairbank, A. Kuchenkov, M. Wagenpfeil, M. Walent, Giorgio Gratta, Qing Xia, Sergio Ferrara, C. Vivo-Vilches, D. Schulte, Govinda Adhikari, G. S. Ortega, J. Todd, Arun Kumar Soma, C. Weinheimer, T. Brunner, D. S. Leonard, Serge A. Charlebois, A. Odian, L. Darroch, S. Rescia, C. Huhmann, M. J. Dolinski, M. J. Jewell, R. Lindsay, D. Chernyak, L. Althueser, V.N. Stekhanov, M. L. Di Vacri, T. Ziegler, Y. Lan, S. Parent, L. J. Kaufman, A. Gorham, S. X. Wu, P. A. Breur, J. Bane, A. E. Robinson, Eric W. Hoppe, J. Echevers, D. Goeldi, G.J. Ramonnye, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, S. Thibado, C. Richard, M. Chiu, J. Farine, P. Martel-Dion, Guofu Cao, T. Bhatta, J. Nattress, E. Angelico, B. Chana, Douglas H Beck, T. Stiegler, J. Schneider, K. Deslandes, P. C. Rowson, A. House, A. Fieguth, C.A. Hardy, U. Wichoski, S. Viel, G. Gallina, A. Piepke, I. J. Arnquist, P. Gautam, K. G. Leach, R.J. Newby, S. Triambak, F. Spadoni, and C. Chambers
Subjects: Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, APDS, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Xenon, law, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, Angular resolution, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Avalanche photodiode, chemistry, Angle of incidence (optics), business
Abstract: Silicon photomultipliers are regarded as a very promising technology for next-generation, cutting-edge detectors for low-background experiments in particle physics. This work presents systematic reflectivity studies of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) and other samples in liquid xenon at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths. A dedicated setup at the University of M\"unster has been used that allows to acquire angle-resolved reflection measurements of various samples immersed in liquid xenon with 0.45{\deg} angular resolution. Four samples are investigated in this work: one Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM, one FBK VUV-HD SiPM, one FBK wafer sample and one Large-Area Avalanche Photodiode (LA-APD) from EXO-200. The reflectivity is determined to be 25-36% at an angle of incidence of 20{\deg} for the four samples and increases to up to 65% at 70{\deg} for the LA-APD and the FBK samples. The Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM shows a decline with increasing angle of incidence. The reflectivity results will be incorporated in upcoming light response simulations of the nEXO detector., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021

5. NEXO: Neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond $10^{28}$ year half-life sensitivity

Author: G Adhikari, S Al Kharusi, E Angelico, G Anton, I J Arnquist, I Badhrees, J Bane, V Belov, E P Bernard, T Bhatta, A Bolotnikov, P A Breur, J P Brodsky, E Brown, T Brunner, E Caden, G F Cao, L Cao, C Chambers, B Chana, S A Charlebois, D Chernyak, M Chiu, B Cleveland, R Collister, S A Czyz, J Dalmasson, T Daniels, L Darroch, R DeVoe, M L Di Vacri, J Dilling, Y Y Ding, A Dolgolenko, M J Dolinski, A Dragone, J Echevers, M Elbeltagi, L Fabris, D Fairbank, W Fairbank, J Farine, S Ferrara, S Feyzbakhsh, Y S Fu, G Gallina, P Gautam, G Giacomini, W Gillis, C Gingras, D Goeldi, R Gornea, G Gratta, C A Hardy, K Harouaka, M Heffner, E W Hoppe, A House, A Iverson, A Jamil, M Jewell, X S Jiang, A Karelin, L J Kaufman, I Kotov, R Krücken, A Kuchenkov, K S Kumar, Y Lan, A Larson, K G Leach, B G Lenardo, D S Leonard, G Li, S Li, Z Li, C Licciardi, R Lindsay, R MacLellan, M Mahtab, P Martel-Dion, J Masbou, N Massacret, T McElroy, K McMichael, M Medina Peregrina, T Michel, B Mong, D C Moore, K Murray, J Nattress, C R Natzke, R J Newby, K Ni, F Nolet, O Nusair, J C Nzobadila Ondze, K Odgers, A Odian, J L Orrell, G S Ortega, C T Overman, S Parent, A Perna, A Piepke, A Pocar, J-F Pratte, N Priel, V Radeka, E Raguzin, G J Ramonnye, T Rao, H Rasiwala, S Rescia, F Retière, J Ringuette, V Riot, T Rossignol, P C Rowson, N Roy, R Saldanha, S Sangiorgio, X Shang, A K Soma, F Spadoni, V Stekhanov, X L Sun, M Tarka, S Thibado, A Tidball, J Todd, T Totev, S Triambak, R H M Tsang, T Tsang, F Vachon, V Veeraraghavan, S Viel, C Vivo-Vilches, P Vogel, J-L Vuilleumier, M Wagenpfeil, T Wager, M Walent, K Wamba, Q Wang, W Wei, L J Wen, U Wichoski, S Wilde, M Worcester, S X Wu, W H Wu, X Wu, Q Xia, W Yan, H Yang, L Yang, O Zeldovich, J Zhao, T Ziegler, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and nEXO
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, background: effect, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], time-projection chambers, 01 natural sciences, neutrinoless double beta decay, Monte Carlo simulations, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), 0103 physical sciences, neutrino: mass, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, detector: design, xenon: liquid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, neutrinos, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, time projection chamber, 3. Good health, photon: scintillation counter, copper, radioactivity, Xe-136, experimental results
Abstract: The nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment is designed to use a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon to search for the decay in $^{136}$Xe. Progress in the detector design, paired with higher fidelity in its simulation and an advanced data analysis, based on the one used for the final results of EXO-200, produce a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of $10^{28}$ years. Specifically, improvements have been made in the understanding of production of scintillation photons and charge as well as of their transport and reconstruction in the detector. The more detailed knowledge of the detector construction has been paired with more assays for trace radioactivity in different materials. In particular, the use of custom electroformed copper is now incorporated in the design, leading to a substantial reduction in backgrounds from the intrinsic radioactivity of detector materials. Furthermore, a number of assumptions from previous sensitivity projections have gained further support from interim work validating the nEXO experiment concept. Together these improvements and updates suggest that the nEXO experiment will reach a half-life sensitivity of $1.35\times 10^{28}$ yr at 90% confidence level in 10 years of data taking, covering the parameter space associated with the inverted neutrino mass ordering, along with a significant portion of the parameter space for the normal ordering scenario, for almost all nuclear matrix elements. The effects of backgrounds deviating from the nominal values used for the projections are also illustrated, concluding that the nEXO design is robust against a number of imperfections of the model., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, version accepted by Journal of Phys. G
Published: 2021
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6. The Next Breakthroughs in Neutrino Physics (LDRD Final Report)

Author: Kareem Kazkaz, M. Heffner, Samuele Sangiorgio, and J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Neutrino
Published: 2020
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7. Nonfuel Antineutrino Contributions in the High Flux Isotope Reactor

Author: A B, Balantekin, H R, Band, C D, Bass, D E, Bergeron, D, Berish, N S, Bowden, J P, Brodsky, C D, Bryan, T, Classen, A J, Conant, G, Deichert, M V, Diwan, M J, Dolinski, A, Erickson, B T, Foust, J K, Gaison, A, Galindo-Uribarri, C E, Gilbert, B T, Hackett, S, Hans, A B, Hansell, K M, Heeger, B, Heffron, D E, Jaffe, X, Ji, D C, Jones, O, Kyzylova, C E, Lane, T J, Langford, J, LaRosa, B R, Littlejohn, X, Lu, J, Maricic, M P, Mendenhall, R, Milincic, I, Mitchell, P E, Mueller, H P, Mumm, J, Napolitano, R, Neilson, J A, Nikkel, D, Norcini, S, Nour, J L, Palomino-Gallo, D A, Pushin, X, Qian, E, Romero-Romero, R, Rosero, P T, Surukuchi, M A, Tyra, R L, Varner, C, White, J, Wilhelmi, A, Woolverton, M, Yeh, A, Zhang, C, Zhang, and X, Zhang
Subjects: Article
Abstract: Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources of [Formula: see text] is important when making theoretical predictions. One source of [Formula: see text] that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. The [Formula: see text] rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possible [Formula: see text] sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the [Formula: see text] source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuel [Formula: see text] contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9% in the 1.8–2.0 MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuel [Formula: see text] contribution.
Published: 2020

8. Mixed Material Scintillator Systems for Neutron Detection

Author: J. P. Brodsky, Andrew N. Mabe, Xianyi Zhang, Elaine Lee, and Dominique H. Porcincula
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, business.industry, Neutron detection, Scintillator, business
Published: 2020
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9. The Quantum Nature and Mass of the Neutrino. FY20 Annual Laboratory Continuation Progress Report

Author: Kareem Kazkaz, J. P. Brodsky, M. Heffner, and Samuele Sangiorgio
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Continuation, Neutrino, Quantum
Published: 2020
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10. Mixed Material Scintillator Systems Position Reconstruction Modelling Report

Author: Dominique H. Porcincula, Xianyi Zhang, Elaine Lee, Andrew N. Mabe, and J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Physics, Optics, business.industry, Position (vector), Scintillator, business
Published: 2020
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11. Mixed Material Scintillator Systems (Quarterly Report FY20Q3)

Author: J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Scintillator, business
Published: 2020
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12. Nonfuel antineutrino contributions in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)

Author: Xiaolu Ji, I. Mitchell, D. Norcini, A. Woolverton, C.E. Gilbert, J. Wilhelmi, Chao Zhang, Aiwu Zhang, S. Nour, M. P. Mendenhall, A. J. Conant, J. L. Palomino-Gallo, Anna Erickson, X. Lu, R. Neilson, E. Romero-Romero, C. E. Lane, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, D. Berish, R. Milincic, D. E. Jaffe, T. J. Langford, R. Rosero, A. B. Hansell, J. A. Nikkel, C. D. Bryan, J. LaRosa, Denis E. Bergeron, B. T. Foust, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, Jim Napolitano, M. A. Tyra, P. T. Surukuchi, X. Zhang, D. C. Jones, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, R. L. Varner, J. K. Gaison, B. Hackett, J. Maricic, Nathaniel Bowden, Hans P. Mumm, K. M. Heeger, Minfang Yeh, J. P. Brodsky, M. V. Diwan, P. E. Mueller, H. R. Band, G. Deichert, Xin Qian, Dmitry A. Pushin, B. Heffron, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Irradiation, Reactor neutrino, 010306 general physics, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources of ν ¯ e is important when making theoretical predictions. One source of ν ¯ e that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. The ν ¯ e rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possible ν ¯ e sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the ν ¯ e source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuel ν ¯ e contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9% in the 1.8-2.0 MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuel ν ¯ e contribution.
Published: 2020
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13. Mixed-Material Scintillators (MMSS Quarterly Report FY20Q2)

Author: J. P. Brodsky
Published: 2020
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14. Mixed Material Scintillator Systems Particle ID Modelling Report

Author: Xianyi Zhang, Elaine Lee, Dominique H. Porcincula, J. P. Brodsky, and Andrew N. Mabe
Subjects: Materials science, Optics, business.industry, Particle, Scintillator, business
Published: 2020
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15. Event Reconstruction in a Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber with an Optically-Open Field Cage

Author: B. Chana, N. Roy, L. Cao, O. Nusair, G. St-Hilaire, Douglas H Beck, R. Krücken, F. Nolet, E. Raguzin, P. A. Breur, T. McElroy, T. Bhatta, L. J. Kaufman, Gerard Visser, D. Goeldi, M. Coon, Eric W. Hoppe, F. Vachon, Z. Li, C. Chambers, Veljko Radeka, Cory T. Overman, L. J. Wen, J. L. Vuilleumier, Samuele Sangiorgio, L. Darroch, P. Gautam, P. Nakarmi, Kaixuan Ni, K. S. Kumar, A. De St. Croix, R. Tsang, Haijun Yang, E. V. Hansen, P. Lv, E. Caden, S. X. Wu, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, Lorenzo Fabris, I. J. Arnquist, R. Gornea, P. C. Rowson, V.N. Stekhanov, X. S. Jiang, C. Licciardi, A. Jamil, A. House, A. Piepke, J. Todd, G. Gallina, S. Thibado, Y. Y. Ding, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, N. Massacret, M. Heffner, R. MacLellan, S. Viel, M. Worcester, Thilo Michel, V. Veeraraghavan, Qing Xia, M. Hughes, G. Li, Sergio Ferrara, S. Al Kharusi, R. DeVoe, A. Pocar, M. Walent, B. G. Lenardo, Arun Kumar Soma, S. Feyzbakhsh, Y. Lan, G. S. Ortega, B. T. Cleveland, K. Deslandes, T. Brunner, A. Kuchenkov, M. Medina-Peregrina, Serge A. Charlebois, F. Retiere, David Moore, M. Chiu, J. P. Brodsky, M. Tarka, F. Edaltafar, T. Wager, K. G. Leach, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, Qun-Yao Wang, Zhijun Ning, M. Oriunno, Aleksey E. Bolotnikov, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, K. Odgers, B. Mong, M. J. Dolinski, David Leonard, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, T. Tsang, T. Stiegler, Jean-Francois Pratte, Angelo Dragone, M. Elbeltagi, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, Wei Wei, H. Rasiwala, I. Ostrovskiy, Yu-Guang Zhou, S. Rescia, D. Fairbank, Guofu Cao, Mike Richman, O. Njoya, T. I. Totev, A. Iverson, K. Skarpaas Viii, Shu Li, Giorgio Gratta, U. Wichoski, L. Yang, T. Rossignol, M. J. Jewell, A. Craycraft, T. Ziegler, Gabriele Giacomini, J. Echevers, Jens Dilling, C.R. Natzke, I. Badhrees, A. Tidball, M. L. di Vacri, C. Vivo-Vilches, S. Parent, A. Odian, O. Zeldovich, R. Saldanha, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, X. F. Wu, A. Larson, Ethan Brown, A. Karelin, J. Farine, V. Belov, and A. Robinson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Photon, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Event reconstruction
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment using liquid ${}^{136}Xe$ (LXe) in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to read out ionization and scintillation signals. Between the field cage and the LXe vessel, a layer of LXe ("skin" LXe) is present, where no ionization signal is collected. Only scintillation photons are detected, owing to the lack of optical barrier around the field cage. In this work, we show that the light originating in the skin LXe region can be used to improve background discrimination by 5% over previous published estimates. This improvement comes from two elements. First, a fraction of the $\gamma$-ray background is removed by identifying light from interactions with an energy deposition in the skin LXe. Second, background from ${}^{222}Rn$ dissolved in the skin LXe can be efficiently rejected by tagging the $\alpha$ decay in the ${}^{214}Bi-{}^{214}Po$ chain in the skin LXe., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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16. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author: R. Saldanha, I. Ostrovskiy, D. Kodroff, M. J. Dolinski, S. Rescia, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, P. Gautam, D. Fairbank, Z. Li, E. Caden, E. V. Hansen, Gerard Visser, J. Watkins, Mike Richman, O. Njoya, R. MacLellan, He-Run Yang, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, K. Skarpaas Viii, Liang Yang, R. Tsang, Gabriele Giacomini, A. Jamil, Pengpeng Lv, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, Shu Li, J. Echevers, Yu-Guang Zhou, Sergio Ferrara, B. Chana, Y. Lan, M. L. di Vacri, U. Wichoski, T. Wager, J. P. Brodsky, C. Vivo-Vilches, I. J. Arnquist, D. Beck, Thilo Michel, Y-R Yen, T. Tsang, T. Tolba, J. Runge, Yuehe Lin, T. Ziegler, Qun-Yao Wang, P. Nakarmi, Guofu Cao, M. Hughes, Jens Dilling, R. Fontaine, David Leonard, M. Heffner, Angelo Dragone, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Walent, S. Al Kharusi, I. Badhrees, M. Tarka, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, B. G. Lenardo, S. Viel, Arun Kumar Soma, T. Brunner, D. Goeldi, L. J. Kaufman, T. Stiegler, Samuele Sangiorgio, Xuan Wu, K. S. Kumar, S. Parent, M. Elbeltagi, M. Coon, K. G. Leach, David Moore, Wei Wei, Qing Xia, J. Farine, G. S. Ortega, Cory T. Overman, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, P. C. Rowson, S. X. Wu, S. J. Daugherty, Serge A. Charlebois, A. House, G. St-Hilaire, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. S. Barbeau, A. Robinson, T. Bhatta, V. A. Belov, A.C. Odian, O. Zeldovich, Eric W. Hoppe, A. Piepke, J. Todd, L. Darroch, Y. Y. Ding, M. Oriunno, C. Chambers, A. Pocar, V.N. Stekhanov, B. T. Cleveland, T. Rossignol, A. Kuchenkov, M. J. Jewell, Veljko Radeka, X. S. Jiang, C. Licciardi, G. Gallina, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, V. Veeraraghavan, A. Fucarino, Giorgio Gratta, M. Chiu, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, K. Odgers, E. Raguzin, J. Hossl, R. DeVoe, W. R. Cen, M. Medina-Peregrina, R. Gornea, F. Retiere, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, M. Ward, G. S. Li, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, A. Larson, A. Craycraft, Ethan Brown, C.R. Natzke, A. Karelin, Jean-Francois Pratte, Z. Ning, T. I. Totev, A. De St. Croix, Lorenzo Fabris, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, T. McElroy, F. Vachon, L. J. Wen, and Marc Weber
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Photocathode, Xenon, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Photoelectric effect, chemistry, Quantum efficiency, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Ultraviolet
Abstract: Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1 . 97 ± 0 . 04 m m ∕ μ s and ( − 0 . 69 ± 0 . 05 ) %/K for liquid xenon, and 1 . 42 ± 0 . 03 m m ∕ μ s and ( + 0 . 11 ± 0 . 01 ) %/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25 . 7 ± 4 . 6 cm 2 /s and 149 ± 23 cm 2 /s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.
Published: 2019

17. The Quantum Nature and Mass of the Neutrino: FY19 Annual Laboratory Continuation Progress Report

Author: Kareem Kazkaz, Samuele Sangiorgio, M. Heffner, and J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Physics, Continuation, Particle physics, Neutrino, Quantum
Published: 2019
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18. Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from U235 Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT

Author: D. Davee, G. Deichert, D. Norcini, Michael Febbraro, R. L. Varner, J. M. Minock, M. V. Diwan, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, A. B. Hansell, X. Zhang, B. Viren, J. T. Matta, Hans P. Mumm, H. R. Band, B. T. Foust, A. Galindo-Uribarri, Anna Erickson, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Nikkel, J. Wilhelmi, Y-R Yen, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, J. J. Cherwinka, A. B. Balantekin, S. Nour, K. Gilje, T. Wise, C. E. Gilbert, P. T. Surukuchi, S. Hans, D. Berish, O. Kyzylova, K. M. Heeger, D. E. Jaffe, C. D. Bryan, M. J. Dolinski, E. Romero-Romero, Aiwu Zhang, A. J. Conant, R. Neilson, J. LaRosa, P. E. Mueller, M. A. Tyra, Richard Rosero, Jim Napolitano, Denis E. Bergeron, D. J. Dean, Dmitry A. Pushin, Minfang Yeh, C.D. Bass, R. D. McKeown, B. T. Hackett, Xin Lu, Andrew A. Cox, Xiaolu Ji, J. K. Gaison, J. P. Brodsky, Xin Qian, T. Classen, Dusan Sarenac, A. B. Telles, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, C. E. Lane, T. J. Langford, Christopher G. White, J. Ashenfelter, and Nathaniel Bowden
Subjects: Semileptonic decay, Physics, Fission, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Inverse, Uranium, Enriched uranium, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Energy (signal processing), High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: This Letter reports the first measurement of the ^{235}U ν[over ¯]_{e} energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9 m from the 85 MW_{th} highly enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678±304(stat) ν[over ¯]_{e}-induced inverse beta decays, the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to ^{235}U. Despite broad agreement, comparison of the Huber ^{235}U model to the measured spectrum produces a χ^{2}/ndf=51.4/31, driven primarily by deviations in two localized energy regions. The measured ^{235}U spectrum shape is consistent with a deviation relative to prediction equal in size to that observed at low-enriched uranium power reactors in the ν[over ¯]_{e} energy region of 5-7 MeV.
Published: 2019
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19. The Radioactive Source Calibration System of the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Detector

Author: R. Rosero, Denis E. Bergeron, T. J. Langford, R. L. Varner, R. D. McKeown, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, J. Ashenfelter, M. V. Diwan, Xin Qian, Nathaniel Bowden, X. Lu, Aiwu Zhang, J. Wilhelmi, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, D. Norcini, J. T. Matta, A. B. Telles, Y-R Yen, G. Deichert, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, Hans P. Mumm, Jim Napolitano, C.E. Gilbert, J. P. Brodsky, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, J. J. Cherwinka, R. Neilson, A. B. Hansell, K. M. Heeger, P. E. Mueller, B. Hackett, H. R. Band, B. T. Foust, S. Hans, C. E. Lane, X. Zhang, Dmitry A. Pushin, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, E. Romero-Romero, J. LaRosa, D. E. Jaffe, Minfang Yeh, S. Nour, P. T. Surukuchi, J. A. Nikkel, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, Dusan Sarenac, M. A. Tyra, Michael Febbraro, B. Viren, C. D. Bryan, A. J. Conant, J. K. Gaison, and D. J. Dean
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radioactive source, Nuclear engineering, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, law, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum (PROSPECT) Experiment is a reactor neutrino experiment designed to search for sterile neutrinos with a mass on the order of 1 eV/c$^2$ and to measure the spectrum of electron antineutrinos from a highly-enriched $^{235}$U nuclear reactor. The PROSPECT detector consists of an 11 by 14 array of optical segments in $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Antineutrino events are identified via inverse beta decay and read out by photomultiplier tubes located at the ends of each segment. The detector response is characterized using a radioactive source calibration system. This paper describes the design, operation, and performance of the PROSPECT source calibration system.
Published: 2019

20. Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from ^{235}U Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT

Author: J, Ashenfelter, A B, Balantekin, H R, Band, C D, Bass, D E, Bergeron, D, Berish, N S, Bowden, J P, Brodsky, C D, Bryan, J J, Cherwinka, T, Classen, A J, Conant, A A, Cox, D, Davee, D, Dean, G, Deichert, M V, Diwan, M J, Dolinski, A, Erickson, M, Febbraro, B T, Foust, J K, Gaison, A, Galindo-Uribarri, C E, Gilbert, K E, Gilje, B T, Hackett, S, Hans, A B, Hansell, K M, Heeger, J, Insler, D E, Jaffe, X, Ji, D C, Jones, O, Kyzylova, C E, Lane, T J, Langford, J, LaRosa, B R, Littlejohn, X, Lu, D A, Martinez Caicedo, J T, Matta, R D, McKeown, M P, Mendenhall, J M, Minock, P E, Mueller, H P, Mumm, J, Napolitano, R, Neilson, J A, Nikkel, D, Norcini, S, Nour, D A, Pushin, X, Qian, E, Romero-Romero, R, Rosero, D, Sarenac, P T, Surukuchi, A B, Telles, M A, Tyra, R L, Varner, B, Viren, C, White, J, Wilhelmi, T, Wise, M, Yeh, Y-R, Yen, A, Zhang, C, Zhang, and X, Zhang
Abstract: This Letter reports the first measurement of the ^{235}U ν[over ¯]_{e} energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9 m from the 85 MW_{th} highly enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678±304(stat) ν[over ¯]_{e}-induced inverse beta decays, the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to ^{235}U. Despite broad agreement, comparison of the Huber ^{235}U model to the measured spectrum produces a χ^{2}/ndf=51.4/31, driven primarily by deviations in two localized energy regions. The measured ^{235}U spectrum shape is consistent with a deviation relative to prediction equal in size to that observed at low-enriched uranium power reactors in the ν[over ¯]_{e} energy region of 5-7 MeV.
Published: 2019

21. Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Author: P. Giampa, G. Li, D. Kodroff, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, Eric W. Hoppe, N. Roy, David Leonard, J. Blatchford, Thomas Koffas, E. V. Hansen, W. M. Fairbank, P. Gautam, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, L. Cao, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, S. Rescia, T. Stiegler, E. Raguzin, M. Elbeltagi, R. MacLellan, A. Kuchenkov, Arun Kumar Soma, F. Nolet, X.L. Sun, T. Bhatta, D. Fairbank, J. B. Zhao, T. McElroy, A. Larson, Jean-Francois Pratte, B. Mong, F. Vachon, Marc Weber, G. St-Hilaire, P. Margetak, P. Nakarmi, M. Chiu, J. Farine, J. Echevers, C. Chambers, G. Zhang, M. Oriunno, P. C. Rowson, A. Robinson, I. J. Arnquist, S. X. Wu, Douglas H Beck, Qing Xia, U. Wichoski, Ethan Brown, A. House, K. Murray, Y-R Yen, L. Darroch, G. S. Ortega, R. DeVoe, Gisela Anton, T. Ziegler, O. Zeldovich, J. P. Brodsky, T. I. Totev, M. Heffner, Qun-Yao Wang, T. Tolba, W. R. Cen, S. J. Daugherty, A. De St. Croix, G. Gallina, R. Gornea, Serge A. Charlebois, T. Rossignol, Zhijun Ning, M. Tarka, M. J. Jewell, Lorenzo Fabris, J. L. Vuilleumier, M. Walent, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, R. Tsang, B. G. Lenardo, T. Brunner, K. Skarpaas, P. Lv, V. Veeraraghavan, A. Karelin, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, Veljko Radeka, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, M. Hughes, R. Saldanha, S. Al Kharusi, Giorgio Gratta, Martin Ward, He-Run Yang, David Moore, M. Alfaris, S. Feyzbakhsh, A. Craycraft, Y. Ito, L. J. Kaufman, Y. Lan, Yuehe Lin, Z. Li, Samuele Sangiorgio, Wei Wei, F. Retière, K. S. Kumar, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, V. A. Belov, Thilo Michel, J. Kroeger, Xuan Wu, A. Pocar, A. Piepke, V.N. Stekhanov, D. Qiu, M. Coon, Cory T. Overman, T. Tsang, Angelo Dragone, Gabriele Giacomini, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, S. Parent, A. Odian, I. Ostrovskiy, Gerard Visser, Mike Richman, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Shu Li, J. Watkins, M. Medina-Peregrina, X. S. Jiang, C. Licciardi, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, Yu-Guang Zhou, Liangjian Wen, Luca Doria, Guofu Cao, Rejean Fontaine, and M. J. Dolinski
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Xenon, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Saturation (graph theory), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Photon detection, Dark current
Abstract: In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163 K ≤ T ≤ 233 K . At an over voltage of 3 . 1 ± 0 . 2 V and at T = 163 K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1 μ s interval following the trigger pulse of 0 . 161 ± 0 . 005 . At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0 . 137 ± 0 . 002 Hz/mm 2 . Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T = 233 K for a mean wavelength of 189 ± 7 nm . At 3 . 6 ± 0 . 2 V and 3 . 5 ± 0 . 2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13 . 4 ± 2 . 6 % and 11 ± 2 % , corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14 . 8 ± 2 . 8 % and 12 . 2 ± 2 . 3 % , respectively. Both values are well below the 24 % saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3 . 5 ± 0 . 2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector.
Published: 2019

22. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author: E. Caden, S. Rescia, D. Fairbank, G. St-Hilaire, Thilo Michel, A. Craycraft, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, A. De St. Croix, X. S. Jiang, C. Licciardi, J. Farine, M. Walent, S. Feyzbakhsh, V. Belov, C.R. Natzke, B. G. Lenardo, A. Robinson, P. Nakarmi, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, T. Brunner, L. Darroch, J. Echevers, Xuan Wu, S. Parent, A. Odian, A. Fucarino, Jean-Francois Pratte, Yu-Guang Zhou, E. Raguzin, T. Rossignol, Z. Li, O. Nusair, J. L. Vuilleumier, R. Krücken, M. Hughes, V. Veeraraghavan, M. J. Jewell, R. Saldanha, T. I. Totev, P. A. Breur, K. Skarpaas, Gerard Visser, S. Al Kharusi, I. Ostrovskiy, B. T. Cleveland, A. Kuchenkov, Liangjian Wen, Luca Doria, Guofu Cao, Samuele Sangiorgio, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, Mike Richman, David Moore, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, T. Bhatta, M. Chiu, G. S. Li, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, Y. Lan, B. Chana, Douglas H Beck, L. Yang, M. Oriunno, J. P. Brodsky, P. S. Barbeau, He-Run Yang, R. DeVoe, K. Murray, J. Watkins, M. Tarka, Gisela Anton, R. Tsang, M. L. di Vacri, K. Odgers, M. J. Dolinski, M. Medina-Peregrina, C. Vivo-Vilches, F. Retiere, U. Wichoski, Sergio Ferrara, O. Zeldovich, K. G. Leach, T. Ziegler, R. Gornea, K. Deslandes, David Leonard, Giorgio Gratta, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, P. C. Rowson, T. Stiegler, M. Elbeltagi, Lorenzo Fabris, J. Hobl, A. House, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, N. Massacret, T. McElroy, S. X. Wu, F. Vachon, C. Chambers, R. MacLellan, A. Pocar, V.N. Stekhanov, P. Gautam, F. Edaltafar, D. Goeldi, M. Coon, I. J. Arnquist, J. Runge, Cory T. Overman, M. Heffner, S. Viel, G. Gallina, Angelo Dragone, Gabriele Giacomini, P. Lv, A. Piepke, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, Veljko Radeka, T. Wager, Qun-Yao Wang, Zhijun Ning, E. V. Hansen, A. Jamil, Arun Kumar Soma, Qing Xia, S. Byrne Mamahit, Ethan Brown, A. Karelin, G. S. Ortega, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, A. Larson, Serge A. Charlebois, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, B. Mong, L. J. Kaufman, and Eric W. Hoppe
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Photodetector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Silicon photomultiplier, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Diffuse reflection, Photonics, business, Refractive index
Abstract: Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. We report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in a vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 nm to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of a FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.
Published: 2019
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23. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author: F. Retière, M. Medina-Peregrina, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, J. Hößl, Gerard Visser, J. L. Vuilleumier, L. Darroch, M. Chiu, J. Watkins, V. A. Belov, Yang Haibo, A. De St. Croix, V. Radeka, D. Fairbank, T. McElroy, T. Bhatta, A. Pocar, D. S. Leonard, J. Echevers, E. Caden, A. Craycraft, R. DeVoe, Lorenzo Fabris, C. T. Overman, E. Raguzin, C. Vivo-Vilches, Qing Xia, M. J. Jewell, Xiaoyang Sun, R. Gornea, J. Dalmasson, S. Feyzbakhsh, P. Gautam, G. S. Ortega, A. Piepke, I. Ostrovskiy, P. Lv, M. Hughes, Thilo Michel, T. Ziegler, C.R. Natzke, Z. Ning, Xuan Wu, F. Vachon, Sergio Ferrara, Serge A. Charlebois, S. X. Wu, V.N. Stekhanov, M. Walent, S. Al Kharusi, J. B. Zhao, A. Larson, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. E. Robinson, Mike Richman, B. G. Lenardo, T. Brunner, A. Fucarino, David Moore, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, J. Todd, M. Heffner, D. Kodroff, T. Tolba, Jean-Francois Pratte, M. Oriunno, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, B. Mong, Rejean Fontaine, Ethan Brown, Qian Wang, Y. Lan, K. Murray, G. Giacomini, T. Stiegler, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, K. Skarpaas Viii, Thomas Tsang, R. Saldanha, Shu Li, Y. Y. Ding, Z. Li, Gisela Anton, O. Zeldovich, Marc Weber, E. Hansen, A. Karelin, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, Jens Dilling, R. MacLellan, B. Chana, Giorgio Gratta, P. S. Barbeau, Yumei Zhou, I. Badhrees, R. Tsang, Martin Ward, T. I. Totev, D. Goeldi, M. Coon, Liangjian Wen, Douglas H Beck, Guofu Cao, Angelo Dragone, W. R. Cen, S. J. Daugherty, Thomas Koffas, Xiaoshan Jiang, W. M. Fairbank, M. Elbeltagi, Y-R Yen, S. Rescia, M. J. Dolinski, A. Odian, S. Parent, J. Runge, J. P. Brodsky, P. Nakarmi, U. Wichoski, S. Viel, C. Licciardi, G. Gallina, T. Rossignol, M. L. Di Vacri, L. J. Kaufman, Eric W. Hoppe, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, Arun Kumar Soma, Yuehe Lin, Samuele Sangiorgio, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, J. Farine, I. J. Arnquist, K. G. Leach, G. St-Hilaire, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, P. C. Rowson, A. House, M. Tarka, G. Li, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, A. Kuchenkov, M. Wagenpfeil, and C. Chambers
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Charge (physics), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Anode, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Xenon, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Beta (velocity), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed experiment to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in a tonne-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The nEXO TPC will be equipped with charge collection tiles to form the anode. In this work, the charge reconstruction performance of this anode design is studied with a dedicated simulation package. A multi-variate method and a deep neural network are developed to distinguish simulated $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from backgrounds arising from trace levels of natural radioactivity in the detector materials. These simulations indicate that the nEXO TPC with charge-collection tiles shows promising capability to discriminate the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal from backgrounds. The estimated half-life sensitivity for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is improved by $\sim$20$~(32)\%$ with the multi-variate~(deep neural network) methods considered here, relative to the sensitivity estimated in the nEXO pre-conceptual design report.
Published: 2019
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24. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Author: Gerard Visser, M. Walent, B. G. Lenardo, T. Brunner, V. Veeraraghavan, T. Bhatta, Giorgio Gratta, F. Edaltafar, T. Rossignol, M. J. Jewell, J. Watkins, P. Nakarmi, Arun Kumar Soma, Ethan Brown, L. Darroch, O. Nusair, R. Krücken, S. X. Wu, David Leonard, J. Blatchford, E. Caden, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, T. Stiegler, M. Elbeltagi, L. J. Kaufman, M. Hughes, X. S. Jiang, C. Licciardi, A. Craycraft, Eric W. Hoppe, S. Al Kharusi, A. Karelin, G. Gallina, P. Gautam, R. Saldanha, M. Chiu, J. L. Vuilleumier, T. Wager, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, David Moore, C. Chambers, M. Oriunno, E. V. Hansen, M. Alfaris, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, Sergio Ferrara, R. MacLellan, Qun-Yao Wang, K. Murray, Gabriele Giacomini, I. J. Arnquist, Liang Yang, Y. Lan, U. Wichoski, C.R. Natzke, S. Feyzbakhsh, A. Jamil, Gisela Anton, J. Runge, Zhijun Ning, T. Ziegler, K. G. Leach, R. Tsang, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, M. Heffner, K. Odgers, S. Viel, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, A. Fucarino, A. Larson, Z. Li, B. Chana, Douglas H Beck, Samuele Sangiorgio, K. S. Kumar, Veljko Radeka, P. C. Rowson, A. House, N. Massacret, Jean-Francois Pratte, P. Lv, J. Todd, Angelo Dragone, B. Mong, Y. Y. Ding, M. Ward, T. I. Totev, G. S. Li, M. L. di Vacri, R. DeVoe, C. Vivo-Vilches, Qing Xia, S. Byrne Mamahit, G. S. Ortega, R. Fontaine, J. Farine, Serge A. Charlebois, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, V. Belov, A. Robinson, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, T. McElroy, F. Vachon, Marc Weber, A. De St. Croix, Lorenzo Fabris, B. T. Cleveland, D. Goeldi, M. Coon, A. Kuchenkov, Cory T. Overman, S. Rescia, D. Fairbank, G. St-Hilaire, J. P. Brodsky, He-Run Yang, A. Piepke, M. Tarka, V.N. Stekhanov, J. Echevers, A. Pocar, O. Zeldovich, Yu-Guang Zhou, Liangjian Wen, Luca Doria, Guofu Cao, Thilo Michel, Wei Wei, I. Ostrovskiy, M. J. Dolinski, E. Raguzin, P. A. Breur, Xuan Wu, Mike Richman, F. Retière, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, M. Medina-Peregrina, J. Hößl, K. Skarpaas Viii, P. S. Barbeau, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, R. Gornea, Jens Dilling, I. Badhrees, S. Parent, and A. Odian
Subjects: Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, APDS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Photodetector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Photodetection, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 03 medical and health sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0302 clinical medicine, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Xenon, law, 0103 physical sciences, Specular reflection, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Wavelength, chemistry, business
Abstract: Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST
Published: 2019
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25. Background Discrimination for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay in Liquid Xenon Using Cherenkov Light

Author: Samuele Sangiorgio, J. P. Brodsky, Michael Heffner, and T. Stiegler
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Angular distribution, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Beta (plasma physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electron scattering
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decays in liquid xenon produce a significant amount of Cherenkov light, with a photon number and angular distribution that distinguishes these events from common backgrounds. A GEANT4 simulation was used to simulate Cherenkov photon production and measurement in a liquid xenon detector and a multilayer perceptron was used to analyze the resulting distributions to classify events based on their Cherenkov photons. Our results show that a modest improvement in the sensitivity of neutrinoless double beta decay searches is possible using this technique, but the kinematics of the neutrinoless double beta decay and electron scattering in liquid xenon substantially limit this approach., 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018

26. Performance of a segmented $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector for the PROSPECT experiment

Author: Dmitry A. Pushin, M. A. Tyra, C. E. Lane, J. P. Brodsky, R. Rosero, Minfang Yeh, Denis E. Bergeron, T. J. Langford, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, R. D. McKeown, A. B. Hansell, H. R. Band, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, J. Ashenfelter, D. Norcini, J. J. Cherwinka, T. Wise, D. Berish, K. Gilje, Hans P. Mumm, J. Wilhelmi, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, P. E. Mueller, M. V. Diwan, B. T. Foust, R. Neilson, D. Davee, Nathaniel Bowden, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, F. Lopez, B. Hackett, K. M. Heeger, Y-R Yen, Ke Han, Jim Napolitano, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, A. Bykadorova Telles, J. T. Matta, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, E. Romero-Romero, O. Kyzylova, S. Hans, P. T. Surukuchi, X. Zhang, K. Commeford, G. Deichert, D. E. Jaffe, Aiwu Zhang, J. A. Nikkel, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, J. M. Wagner, A. J. Conant, J. K. Gaison, B. Heffron, Xin Qian, C. Trinh, J. LaRosa, C. D. Bryan, and J. M. Minock
Subjects: Scintillation, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutron capture, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Recoil, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: This paper describes the design and performance of a 50 liter, two-segment $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector that was designed and operated as prototype for the PROSPECT (Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum) Experiment. The two-segment detector was constructed according to the design specifications of the experiment. It features low-mass optical separators, an integrated source and optical calibration system, and materials that are compatible with the $^{6}$Li-doped scintillator developed by PROSPECT. We demonstrate a high light collection of 850$\pm$20 PE/MeV, an energy resolution of $\sigma$ = 4.0$\pm$0.2% at 1 MeV, and efficient pulse-shape discrimination of low $dE/dx$ (electronic recoil) and high $dE/dx$ (nuclear recoil) energy depositions. An effective scintillation attenuation length of 85$\pm$3 cm is measured in each segment. The 0.1% by mass concentration of $^{6}$Li in the scintillator results in a measured neutron capture time of $\tau$ = 42.8$\pm$0.2 $\mu s$. The long-term stability of the scintillator is also discussed. The detector response meets the criteria necessary for achieving the PROSPECT physics goals and demonstrates features that may find application in fast neutron detection., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures; minor edits to design detail and references
Published: 2018
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27. First search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations at HFIR with PROSPECT

Author: R. Neilson, Lindsey J. Bignell, D. E. Jaffe, J. A. Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, K. Gilje, C. E. Gilbert, D. Davee, R. L. Varner, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, Minfang Yeh, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, K. Koehler, C. D. Bryan, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, B. Heffron, H. R. Band, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, A. B. Hansell, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, D. Norcini, A. Bykadorova Telles, R. Sharma, J. LaRosa, J. M. Wagner, C. E. Lane, B. T. Foust, C. Baldenegro, Xin Lu, G. Deichert, P. T. Surukuchi, D. J. Dean, H. Yao, Dusan Sarenac, Michael Febbraro, Ke Han, J. P. Brodsky, R. Rosero, J. Wilhelmi, Andrew A. Cox, M. V. Diwan, Jim Napolitano, Denis E. Bergeron, B. Viren, B. R. White, Aiwu Zhang, Hans P. Mumm, J. Bricco, R. D. McKeown, Chao Zhang, K. Commeford, M. P. Mendenhall, Christopher G. White, Wei Wang, J. T. Matta, T. Classen, F. Lopez, K. M. Heeger, X. Zhang, H. J. Miller, T. J. Langford, J. Ashenfelter, X. Ji, Nathaniel Bowden, S. Hans, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, Xin Qian, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, M. A. Tyra, P. E. Mueller, Y-R Yen, A. Glenn, B. T. Hackett, J. K. Gaison, M. Zhao, E. Romero-Romero, A. J. Conant, J. M. Minock, B. W. Goddard, and C. Trinh
Subjects: Physics, Fission products, Sterile neutrino, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Oscillation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: This Letter reports the first scientific results from the observation of antineutrinos emitted by fission products of $^{235}$U at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, consists of a segmented 4 ton $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector covering a baseline range of 7-9 m from the reactor and operating under less than 1 meter water equivalent overburden. Data collected during 33 live-days of reactor operation at a nominal power of 85 MW yields a detection of 25461 $\pm$ 283 (stat.) inverse beta decays. Observation of reactor antineutrinos can be achieved in PROSPECT at 5$\sigma$ statistical significance within two hours of on-surface reactor-on data-taking. A reactor-model independent analysis of the inverse beta decay prompt energy spectrum as a function of baseline constrains significant portions of the previously allowed sterile neutrino oscillation parameter space at 95% confidence level and disfavors the best fit of the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly at 2.2$\sigma$ confidence level., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; v3: Added additional supplemental files
Published: 2018
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28. The PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

Author: J. J. Cherwinka, Aiwu Zhang, K. Gilje, G. Deichert, C. Baldenegro, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, R. Sharma, P. T. Surukuchi, Wei Wang, E. Romero-Romero, D. Norcini, R. L. Varner, K. Commeford, B. Hackett, C. E. Lane, M. Zhao, Minfang Yeh, H. R. Band, A. B. Hansell, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, A. J. Conant, X. Lu, M. V. Diwan, J. M. Minock, B. T. Foust, J. Boyle, Christopher G. White, S. Nour, T. Classen, Anna Erickson, R. Rosero, B. W. Goddard, J. T. Matta, J. K. Gaison, C.E. Gilbert, H. J. Miller, A. Bykadorova Telles, T. Wise, T. J. Langford, D. Berish, Y-R Yen, Denis E. Bergeron, R. Neilson, D. J. Dean, A. Glenn, Michael Febbraro, J. Ashenfelter, R. D. McKeown, B. Viren, Lindsey J. Bignell, Jim Napolitano, J. Bricco, J. P. Brodsky, P. E. Mueller, D. E. Jaffe, M. A. Tyra, X. Ji, Nathaniel Bowden, X. Zhang, J. A. Nikkel, Ke Han, Chao Zhang, H. Yao, C. Trinh, M. P. Mendenhall, C. D. Bryan, K. Koehler, Hans P. Mumm, F. Lopez, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, K. M. Heeger, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, Andrew A. Cox, B. R. White, D. Davee, Dusan Sarenac, J. LaRosa, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, B. Heffron, J. M. Wagner, Xin Qian, J. Wilhelmi, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Parameter space, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make both a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and to probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over meter-long baselines. PROSPECT utilizes a segmented $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT is a movable 4-ton antineutrino detector covering distances of 7m to 13m from the High Flux Isotope Reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the $\bar\nu_e$ disappearance experiments at 4$\sigma$ in 1 year and the favored regions of the sterile neutrino parameter space at more than 3$\sigma$ in 3 years. PROSPECT will test the origin of spectral deviations observed in recent $\theta_{13}$ experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly. This paper describes the design, construction, and commissioning of PROSPECT and reports first data characterizing the performance of the PROSPECT antineutrino detector., Comment: 30 pages, 33 figures; updated with journal revision and reference
Published: 2018
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29. VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author: A. Jamil, T. Ziegler, P. Hufschmidt, G. Li, L. Lupin-Jimenez, T. Michel, I. Ostrovskiy, F. Retiere, J. Schneider, M. Wagenpfeil, A. Alamre, J. B. Albert, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, I. Badhrees, P. S. Barbeau, D. Beck, V. Belov, T. Bhatta, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, E. Brown, T. Brunner, A. Burenkov, G. F. Cao, L. Cao, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, S. A. Charlebois, M. Chiu, B. Cleveland, M. Coon, M. Cote, A. Craycraft, W. Cree, J. Dalmasson, T. Daniels, L. Darroch, S. J. Daugherty, J. Daughhetee, S. Delaquis, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, R. DeVoe, J. Dilling, Y. Y. Ding, M. J. Dolinski, A. Dragone, J. Echevers, L. Fabris, D. Fairbank, W. Fairbank, J. Farine, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Fontaine, D. Fudenberg, G. Gallina, G. Giacomini, R. Gornea, G. Gratta, E. V. Hansen, D. Harris, M. Hasan, M. Heffner, J. HoBl, E. W. Hoppe, A. House, M. Hughes, Y. Ito, A. Iverson, C. Jessiman, M. J. Jewell, X. S. Jiang, A. Karelin, L. J. Kaufman, T. Koffas, S. Kravitz, R. Krucken, A. Kuchenkov, K. S. Kumar, Y. Lan, A. Larson, D. S. Leonard, S. Li, Z. Li, C. Licciardi, Y. H. Lin, P. Lv, R. MacLellan, B. Mong, D. C. Moore, K. Murray, R. J. Newby, Z. Ning, O. Njoya, F. Nolet, O. Nusair, K. Odgers, A. Odian, M. Oriunno, J. L. Orrell, G. S. Ortega, C. T. Overman, S. Parent, A. Piepke, A. Pocar, J.-F. Pratte, D. Qiu, V. Radeka, E. Raguzin, T. Rao, S. Rescia, A. Robinson, T. Rossignol, P. C. Rowson, N. Roy, R. Saldanha, S. Sangiorgio, S. Schmidt, A. Schubert, D. Sinclair, K. Skarpaas, A. K. Soma, G. St-Hilaire, V. Stekhanov, T. Stiegler, X. L. Sun, M. Tarka, J. Todd, T. Tolba, T. I. Totev, R. Tsang, T. Tsang, F. Vachon, B. Veenstra, V. Veeraraghavan, G. Visser, J.-L. Vuilleumier, Q. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Weber, W. Wei, L. J. Wen, U. Wichoski, G. Wrede, S. X. Wu, W. H. Wu, Q. Xia, L. Yang, Y.-R. Yen, O. Zeldovich, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, and Y. Zhou
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Noble gas, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Avalanche photodiode, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Xenon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $\sigma / Q_{\beta\beta} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
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30. Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay

Author: J. L. Vuilleumier, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, A. Piepke, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, M. Heffner, Yuehe Lin, John L. Orrell, E. Raguzin, X.L. Sun, J. B. Zhao, C. T. Overman, R. Krücken, D. Qiu, Z. Li, Giorgio Gratta, A. Burenkov, M. Hasan, Arun Kumar Soma, L. J. Kaufman, R. DeVoe, S. J. Daugherty, Samuele Sangiorgio, M. Hughes, K. S. Kumar, V. Veeraraghavan, Y. Lan, Wei Wei, Petr Vogel, Rejean Fontaine, J. Daughhetee, A. Craycraft, U. Wichoski, Ethan Brown, F. Bourque, M. J. Jewell, M. Coon, D. Harris, Yu-Guang Zhou, T. Ziegler, T. Tolba, G. St-Hilaire, T. Tsang, Qun-Yao Wang, T. Stiegler, M. Chiu, J. P. Brodsky, David Moore, F. Retiere, Y. Ito, J. Zettlemoyer, Douglas H Beck, M. Oriunno, Zhijun Ning, S. Johnston, O. Zeldovich, G. Visser, A. Karelin, J. Hößl, A. Pocar, R. Tsang, T. Didberidze, S. Kravitz, Guofu Cao, T. N. Johnson, J. Schneider, P. Hufschmidt, E. V. Hansen, Y-R Yen, David A. Sinclair, F. Vachon, Ryan Killick, David Leonard, K. Murray, Liang Yang, R. J. Newby, Thomas Koffas, A. Jamil, D. Fudenberg, W. M. Fairbank, Gisela Anton, M. Côté, P. C. Rowson, T. Daniels, K. Graham, G. S. Ortega, B. T. Cleveland, M. J. Dolinski, V.N. Stekhanov, K. Odgers, Angelo Dragone, A. House, S. Rescia, A. Kuchenkov, W. Cree, Jean-Francois Pratte, Veljko Radeka, T. Rossignol, S. Feyzbakhsh, R. Saldanha, S. Delaquis, T. Brunner, W. R. Cen, Serge A. Charlebois, C. Licciardi, G. S. Li, R. Gornea, K. Skarpaas, G. Wrede, I. J. Arnquist, M. Tarka, Wei Wu, X. S. Jiang, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, C. Chambers, A.C. Odian, G. Giacomini, A. Schubert, S. Parent, J. Farine, V. Belov, A. Robinson, L. Cao, F. Nolet, L. J. Wen, Marc Weber, S. X. Wu, Lorenzo Fabris, J. B. Albert, R. MacLellan, Thilo Michel, P. S. Barbeau, Jens Dilling, Xuan Zhang, I. Badhrees, I. Ostrovskiy, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Shu Li, S. Schmidt, T. Rao, N. Roy, and E. W. Hoppe
Subjects: Physics, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active medium, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 3. Good health, Nuclear physics, Homogeneous, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Enriched Xenon Observatory, Nuclear Experiment, Order of magnitude
Abstract: The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay in $^{136}$Xe with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years using $5\times10^3$ kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the $^{136}$Xe mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and the multi-parameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates., Comment: v2 as published
Published: 2017

31. THE DARKSIDE-50 EXPERIMENT: A LIQUID ARGON TARGET FOR DARK MATTER PARTICLES

Author: R. Tartaglia, A. Razeto, B. R. Hackett, A. Zec, N. Canci, Thomas Alexander, S. Pordes, H. O. Back, M. Gromov, A. L. Renshaw, C. Giganti, A. Empl, S. De Cecco, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, J. Tatarowicz, A. M. Goretti, J. Maricic, M. Cariello, Samuele Sangiorgio, D. Franco, M. Lissia, L. Crippa, G. Zuzel, A. Devoto, P. D. Meyers, W. Zhong, E. V. Hungerford, G. Di Pietro, J. P. Brodsky, B. Vogelaar, S. Westerdale, R. Milincic, Mariano Cadoni, N. Rossi, E. Pantic, J. Wilhelmi, M. Wada, L. Agostino, Nicomede Pelliccia, P. N. Singh, A. Sotnikov, M. E. Monzani, K. Arisaka, M. D. Skorokhvatov, B. Baldin, L. Grandi, A. Meregaglia, E. Edkins, L. Marini, M. Bossa, E. Shields, C. Stanford, G. Fiorillo, D. Rountree, G. Forster, M. Carlini, Gioacchino Ranucci, L. Pagani, P. Cavalcante, G. Koh, K. Randle, A. Vishneva, X. Li, Paolo Lombardi, B. Rossi, B. Reinhold, S. Bussino, A. Pocar, P. Trinchese, P. J. Mosteiro, Michele Montuschi, M. D'Incecco, M. De Vincenzi, E. Segreto, Alan Watson, An. Ianni, H. Qian, C. Jollet, C. J. Martoff, G. Bonfini, A. Mandarano, V. N. Muratova, M. Orsini, B. Bottino, K. Herner, B. J. Mount, K. J. Keeter, K. Biery, Yanchu Wang, G. Korga, K. Fomenko, Frank Calaprice, X. Xiang, F. Budano, V. V. Kobychev, P. Saggese, C. Savarese, Laura Cadonati, D. Sablone, F. Granato, A. Candela, J. Yoo, Jingke Xu, A. S. Kubankin, S. Davini, M. Cadeddu, T. Miletic, K. Pelczar, Fausto Ortica, Sandra Zavatarelli, W. Sands, Y. Guardincerri, Giovanni Covone, A. Monte, S. Luitz, Min-Xin Guan, Paolo Musico, D. Montanari, O. Smirnov, A. Fan, D. A. Pugachev, E. V. Unzhakov, Han Wang, R. Saldanha, Ann E. Nelson, I. N. Machulin, Al. Ianni, Caoxiang Zhu, Y. Suvorov, Stuart Derek Walker, S. Perasso, D. D'Angelo, Yanhui Ma, C. L. Kendziora, Irina James, M. De Deo, S. Catalanotti, A. G. Cocco, Marco Pallavicini, F. Gabriele, F. Di Eusanio, M. M. Wojcik, Jim Napolitano, Aldo Romani, A. Tonazzo, P. Agnes, S. Parmeggiano, D. A. Semenov, Chung-Yao Yang, A. V. Derbin, Augusto Brigatti, Denis Korablev, A. K. Alton, C. Galbiati, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, H. Cao, S. Odrowski, G. Testera, Alexander I. Studenikin, Agnes, P., Agostino, L., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Arisaka, K., Back, H. O., Baldin, B., Biery, K., Bonfini, G., Bossa, M., Bottino, B., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, Federico, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cadeddu, M., Cadonati, L., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cao, H., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., Crippa, L., D’Angelo, D., D’Incecco, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., DE VINCENZI, Mario, Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Giganti, C., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grandi, L., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A. l., Ianni, A. n., James, Irina, Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Li, X., Lissia, M., Lombardi, P., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mari, Stefano Maria, Maricic, J., Marini, L., Martoff, C. J., Meregaglia, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Montuschi, M., Monzani, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B. J., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Nelson, A., Odrowski, S., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pantic, E., Parmeggiano, S., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D. A., Qian, H., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A. L., Romani, A., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Saldanha, R., Sands, W., Sangiorgio, S., Savarese, C., Segreto, E., Semenov, D. A., Shields, E., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M. M., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Budano, F., Bussino, S., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., de Cecco, S., de Deo, M., de Vincenzi, M., di Eusanio, F., di Pietro, G., Ianni, A., James, I., and Mari, S. M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, scintillation counter: liquid, chemistry.chemical_element, WIMP Argon Programme, Scintillator, dark matter: direct detection, liquid argon: target, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Argon, Time projection chamber, shielding, background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gran Sasso, time projection chamber, dark matter: scattering, chemistry, Electromagnetic shielding, atmosphere, dark matter, argon, time projection chamber, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks, ArDM
Abstract: International audience; The DarkSide-50 experiment, located at the “Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (INFN)”, is based on low-radioactivity argon double phase time projection chamber, surrounded by an active liquid scintillator veto, designed for the zero background achievement. The liquid argon features sufficient self shielding and easy scalability to multi-tons scale. The impressive reduction of the 39Ar isotope (compared to the atmospheric argon), along with the excellent pulse shape discrimination, make this technology a possible candidate for the forthcoming generation of multi-ton Dark Matter experiments.
Published: 2017
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32. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author: T. Stiegler, Douglas H Beck, R. Tsang, K. Murray, Gisela Anton, D. Fudenberg, R. Saldanha, Angelo Dragone, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, R. Krücken, Jochen M. Schneider, Y-R Yen, Jean-Francois Pratte, P. C. Rowson, K. Skarpaas, S. Kravitz, E. V. Hansen, Liang Yang, S. Feyzbakhsh, A. House, V. Veeraraghavan, R. J. Newby, A. Jamil, Ethan Brown, M. Chiu, W. Cree, A. Burenkov, S. Delaquis, M. Hughes, M. Côté, T. Daniels, Gabriele Giacomini, A. Pocar, Maulik R. Patel, M. Hasan, J. Farine, A. Karelin, R. DeVoe, Jens Dilling, Arun Kumar Soma, Zhijun Ning, T. Tolba, M. J. Jewell, I. Badhrees, David Moore, A. Robinson, T. Didberidze, B. Mong, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, I. J. Arnquist, Xiaoshan Jiang, Yuehe Lin, Veljko Radeka, A. Piepke, Gerrit Wrede, V.N. Stekhanov, J. B. Zhao, S. Parent, U. Wichoski, M. Oriunno, W. R. Cen, C. Chambers, R. Gornea, M. Heffner, A. Odian, D. Qiu, M. Tarka, S. Johnston, T. Ziegler, I. Ostrovskiy, John L. Orrell, E. Raguzin, Z. Li, T. Brunner, S. Rescia, S. X. Wu, Eric W. Hoppe, M. Coon, S. J. Daugherty, A. Schubert, O. Zeldovich, Cory T. Overman, G. Visser, Wei Wu, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, Y. Lan, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, S. Schmidt, J. Daughhetee, Qian Wang, David Leonard, G. S. Ortega, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, Samuele Sangiorgio, Giorgio Gratta, J. L. Vuilleumier, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, Serge A. Charlebois, R. MacLellan, Yumei Zhou, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, Rejean Fontaine, A. Kuchenkov, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, F. Bourque, J. P. Brodsky, G. St-Hilaire, D. Harris, Y. Ito, L. J. Kaufman, M. J. Dolinski, A. Craycraft, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, G. S. Li, Thilo Michel, T. Rossignol, Xiaoyang Sun, C. Licciardi, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, F. Vachon, Marc Weber, F. Retière, J. B. Albert, X. Zhang, J. Hößl, P. S. Barbeau, V. A. Belov, and Lorenzo Fabris
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, Xenon, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Anode, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Tile, business
Abstract: A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} $\times$ 10~\si{\cm} fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a $^{207}$Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution $\sigma/E$=5.5\% is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, as published
Published: 2017
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33. A low mass optical grid for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino detector

Author: M. V. Diwan, J. J. Cherwinka, Hans P. Mumm, K. Gilje, D. Norcini, Michael Febbraro, B. Viren, J. T. Matta, D. E. Jaffe, K. M. Heeger, Y-R Yen, J. A. Nikkel, A. B. Hansell, K. H. Hermanek, X. Lu, T. J. Langford, D. Davee, J. Wilhelmi, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A.E. Detweiler, J. Ashenfelter, Dmitry A. Pushin, A. J. Conant, A. B. Balantekin, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, O. Kyzylova, H. R. Band, E. Romero-Romero, C. D. Bass, B. T. Foust, M. J. Dolinski, Nathaniel Bowden, C.E. Gilbert, Minfang Yeh, P. E. Mueller, M. A. Tyra, D. J. Dean, C. E. Lane, R. Rosero, J. M. Minock, Xin Qian, Denis E. Bergeron, G. Deichert, R. L. Varner, R. D. McKeown, J. P. Brodsky, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, S. Hans, R. Neilson, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, J. LaRosa, T. Wise, D. Berish, Y. Gebre, Jim Napolitano, Aiwu Zhang, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, P. T. Surukuchi, X. Zhang, B. Hackett, Dusan Sarenac, Ian Gustafson, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, J. K. Gaison, and C. D. Bryan
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Optics, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), business, Low Mass, Grid, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and SPECTrum experiment, is a short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiment designed to provide precision measurements of the $^{235}$U product $\overline{\nu}_e$ spectrum of utilizing an optically segmented 4-ton liquid scintillator detector. PROSPECT's segmentation system, the optical grid, plays a central role in reconstructing the position and energy of $\overline{\nu}_e$ interactions in the detector. This paper is the technical reference for this PROSPECT subsystem, describing its design, fabrication, quality assurance, transportation and assembly in detail. In addition, the dimensional, optical and mechanical characterizations of optical grid components and the assembled PROSPECT target are also presented. The technical information and characterizations detailed here will inform geometry-related inputs for PROSPECT physics analysis, and can guide a variety of future particle detection development efforts, such as those using optically reflecting materials or filament-based 3D printing., Comment: 31 pages, 28 figures
Published: 2019
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34. Lithium-loaded liquid scintillator production for the PROSPECT experiment

Author: R. L. Varner, X. Lu, M. V. Diwan, P. E. Mueller, B. Hackett, J. LaRosa, R. Neilson, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, A. J. Conant, A. B. Hansell, D. Davee, Aiwu Zhang, Lindsey J. Bignell, J. T. Matta, X. Zhang, J. J. Cherwinka, B. T. Foust, D. E. Jaffe, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, P. T. Surukuchi, Y-R Yen, G. Deichert, J. A. Nikkel, Dmitry A. Pushin, J. Wilhelmi, C. Camilo Reyes, T. J. Langford, Christopher G. White, C. D. Bryan, T. Classen, J. Ashenfelter, H. R. Band, Michael Febbraro, S. Campos, B. Hayes, J. K. Gaison, B. Viren, Nathaniel Bowden, M. A. Tyra, Dusan Sarenac, R. Diaz Perez, Xin Qian, C.E. Gilbert, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, S. Hans, J. P. Brodsky, R. Rosero, Denis E. Bergeron, R. D. McKeown, E. Romero-Romero, Minfang Yeh, D. Norcini, Hans P. Mumm, D. J. Dean, K. M. Heeger, Jim Napolitano, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, C. E. Lane, Chao Zhang, and M. P. Mendenhall
Subjects: Optical absorbance, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Fabrication, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Photon yield, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), 0103 physical sciences, Lithium, Instrumentation, Mass fraction, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: This work reports the production and characterization of lithium-loaded liquid scintillator (LiLS) for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). Fifty-nine 90 liter batches of LiLS (${}^6{\rm Li}$ mass fraction 0.082%$\pm$0.001%) were produced and samples from all batches were characterized by measuring their optical absorbance relative to air, light yield relative to a pure liquid scintillator reference, and pulse shape discrimination capability. Fifty-seven batches passed the quality assurance criteria and were used for the PROSPECT experiment., 16 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2019
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35. HFE and Spherical Cryostats MC Study

Author: J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Refrigerant, Cryostat, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Chemistry, Nuclear engineering, Dielectric, Background radiation
Published: 2016
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36. Multiple Scatters in Single Site Gamma Backgrounds

Author: J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Single site, Double beta decay, Gamma ray, Compton scattering, Particle detector, Background radiation
Published: 2016
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37. DarkSide-50: Status of the detector and results

Author: Nicomede Pelliccia, A. Meregaglia, B. Reinhold, D. Rountree, C. Savarese, M. De Vincenzi, R. Tartaglia, B. Hackett, Jingke Xu, Stefano Giagu, Q. Riffard, P. Saggese, V. Bocci, K. Pelczar, Mariano Cadoni, C. Dionisi, Al. Ianni, Caoxiang Zhu, A. Devoto, D. A. Semenov, N. Canci, E. Shields, A. L. Renshaw, B. Schlitzer, D. Montanari, N. Rossi, E. Pantic, S. Bussino, M. Cadeddu, Giovanni Covone, D. M. Asner, C. Cicalo, Y. Suvorov, M. Rescigno, P. Cavalcante, S. De Cecco, G. Di Pietro, Chung-Yao Yang, A. V. Derbin, V. N. Muratova, Augusto Brigatti, Paolo Lombardi, K. Biery, Yanchu Wang, A. Empl, G. Forster, A. Razeto, C. Stanford, G. Fiorillo, P. D. Meyers, J. Wilhelmi, M. Wada, M. D. Skorokhvatov, Min-Xin Guan, R. Saldanha, A. Zec, S. Pordes, L. Grandi, J. P. Brodsky, M. Orsini, A. Navrer Agasson, A. M. Goretti, M. D'Incecco, Y. Guardincerri, S. Parmeggiano, M. Cariello, M. Lissia, Han Wang, P. N. Singh, H. Qian, Stuart Derek Walker, Ben Loer, C. L. Kendziora, L. Pagani, Gioacchino Ranucci, P. Trinchese, D. Hughes, B. Vogelaar, C. Giganti, Thomas Alexander, J. Tatarowicz, A. Pocar, E. Segreto, B. J. Mount, G. Zuzel, Paolo Musico, A. Fan, D. A. Pugachev, Irina James, B. Baldin, Xiang Xiao, Yanhui Ma, Paul H. Humble, I. N. Machulin, E. Edkins, An. Ianni, A. K. Alton, M. De Deo, O. Smirnov, A. S. Kubankin, B. Bottino, E. V. Hungerford, D. Franco, D. D'Angelo, S. Westerdale, Giuseppe Longo, W. Zhong, D. Sablone, A. Sotnikov, A. Candela, J. Maricic, H. O. Back, E. V. Unzhakov, S. Davini, M. Gromov, W. Sands, Xiujiang Li, T. N. Johnson, M. Caravati, K. Herner, F. Di Eusanio, M. M. Wojcik, L. Marini, M. Bossa, Aldo Romani, C. Galbiati, B. Rossi, Alan Watson, A. Mandarano, P. Agnes, R. Milincic, K. Randle, S. Catalanotti, A. Vishneva, A. G. Cocco, S. M. Mari, C. Jollet, M. Razeti, A. S. Chepurnov, G. Koh, F. Granato, S. Odrowski, G. K. Giovanetti, G. Testera, Denis Korablev, C. J. Martoff, G. Bonfini, K. J. Keeter, Frank Calaprice, X. Xiang, J. Miller, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, A. Monte, Laura Cadonati, Fausto Ortica, M. Carlini, G. Korga, K. Fomenko, F. Budano, W. Bonivento, Marco Pallavicini, F. Gabriele, Jim Napolitano, A. Tonazzo, Monica Verducci, Guardincerri, Y., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Asner, D. M., Back, H. O., Baldin, B., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Bottino, B., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, F., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadonati, L., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Canci, N., Candela, A., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cicalo, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Vincenzi, M., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Giagu, S., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grandi, L., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hughes, D., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A. L., Ianni, A. N., James, I., Johnson, T. N., Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Li, X., Lissia, M., Loer, B., Lombardi, P., Longo, G., Ma, Y., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Marini, L., Martoff, C. J., Meregaglia, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Miller, J. D., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Mount, B. J., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Agasson, A. N., Odrowski, S., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pantic, E., Parmeggiano, S., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D. A., Qian, H., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Riffard, Q., Romani, A., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Saldanha, R., Sands, W., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Segreto, E., Semenov, D. A., Shields, E., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Verducci, M., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M. M., Xiang, X. I., Xiao, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), David Schmitz, Guardincerri, Yann, Bottino, Bianca, Cocco, A., Giagu, Stefano, Giovanetti, G., Goretti, A., Hackett, B., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Machulin, I., Muratova, V., Navrer Agasson, A., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Unzhakov, E., Wojcik, M., and Xiang, X.
Subjects: Cryostat, experimental methods, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, dark matter, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, scintillation counter, Physics, Time projection chamber, Argon, Multidisciplinary, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gran Sasso, time projection chamber, liquid argon, Cherenkov counter, experimental equipment, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: International audience; DarkSide-50 is a direct dark matter search experiment operating underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. It is based on a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that contains 50 kg of liquid argon; the TPC cryostat sits inside an active neutron veto based on a boron-loaded organic scintillator, which is in turn installed inside a water Cherenkov muon veto. The experiment started acquiring data in Nov 2013 filled with atmospheric argon. In April 2015 it commissioned the low-radioactivity argon from underground sources and has been running in a stable manner since then. We report the current status of the detector and the latest results, including the measurement of the radioactivity of the underground argon and the most sensitive dark matter search performed with an argon target.
Published: 2016
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38. Study of silicon photomultiplier performance in external electric fields

Author: A. Alamre, T. Stiegler, John L. Orrell, T. Daniels, M. Côté, J. Schneider, Z. Li, N. Roy, L. Cao, F. Nolet, M. Oriunno, M. Hughes, Ethan Brown, J. Farine, D. Fairbank, D. Qiu, Y. Ito, M. Coon, Thilo Michel, Qing Xia, V.N. Stekhanov, C. T. Overman, M. Chiu, G. S. Ortega, A. Karelin, A. Pocar, D. S. Leonard, T. Tolba, Venkatesh Veeraraghavan, J. Hößl, Marc Weber, S. Kravitz, Yuehe Lin, David Moore, Y. Lan, R. DeVoe, Serge A. Charlebois, K. Murray, A. Craycraft, J. Echevers, Gisela Anton, M. Wagenpfeil, J. Dalmasson, T. Brunner, E. Raguzin, O. Nusair, Jens Dilling, R. Krücken, Z. Ning, Samuele Sangiorgio, Wei Wei, K. S. Kumar, S. X. Wu, Gerard Visser, P. S. Barbeau, D. A. Harris, A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, J. B. Zhao, A. Larson, D. Fudenberg, O. Zeldovich, A. Piepke, I. Badhrees, Angelo Dragone, M. J. Jewell, F. Vachon, Rejean Fontaine, Jean-Francois Pratte, R. Saldanha, L. Darroch, D. Kodroff, B. Veenstra, F. Bourque, S. Parent, S. Rescia, Lorenzo Fabris, T. Bhatta, A. Odian, S. J. Daugherty, J. Watkins, I. Ostrovskiy, R. MacLellan, G. Giacomini, J. P. Brodsky, T. I. Totev, Stefan Schmidt, R. Tsang, O. Njoya, A. Iverson, Triveni Rao, K. Skarpaas Viii, T. Rossignol, G. Wrede, B. Mong, Thomas Tsang, Shu Li, P. Fierlinger, W. R. Cen, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, L. J. Kaufman, A. E. Robinson, M. Tarka, J. B. Albert, Qian Wang, G. Li, S. Feyzbakhsh, Giorgio Gratta, Yumei Zhou, M. J. Dolinski, P. Hufschmidt, David A. Sinclair, B. T. Cleveland, K. Odgers, A. Kuchenkov, U. Wichoski, G. St-Hilaire, C. Licciardi, V. Radeka, T. Ziegler, Thomas Koffas, W. M. Fairbank, Xilei Sun, I. J. Arnquist, Wei Wu, R.J. Newby, P. C. Rowson, A. House, W. Cree, S. Delaquis, Xiaoshan Jiang, C. Chambers, G. Gallina, P. Lv, J. Todd, Y. Y. Ding, E. V. Hansen, Liang Yang, A. Jamil, Douglas H Beck, A. Burenkov, Y-R Yen, J. L. Vuilleumier, Arun Kumar Soma, C. Jessiman, M. K. Moe, Eric W. Hoppe, M. Heffner, J. Daughhetee, R. Gornea, F. Retière, and V. A. Belov
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Silicon photomultiplier, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Photon detection, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables and two conferences (INPC2016 and TIPP2017)
Published: 2018
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39. The PROSPECT Physics Program

Author: Minfang Yeh, M. P. Green, R. Neilson, X. Zhang, Wei Wang, Lindsey J. Bignell, D. J. Dean, Christopher G. White, R. L. Varner, J. P. Brodsky, Michael Febbraro, Hans P. Mumm, G. Barclay, T. J. Langford, Steven Sheets, A. Bowes, H. R. Band, B. R. White, C. Trinh, C.D. Bass, B. Viren, D. E. Jaffe, K. M. Heeger, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Richard Rosero, J. Ashenfelter, B. Heffron, D. Norcini, J. Dolph, K. Commeford, Nathaniel Bowden, Ke Han, Chao Zhang, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, J. Wilhelmi, A. J. Conant, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, Xin Qian, M. J. Dolinski, E. Romero, S. Hans, C. D. Bryan, Jim Napolitano, T. Classen, G. Zangakis, B. W. Goddard, R. Sharma, J. K. Gaison, J. J. Cherwinka, K. Gilje, G. Deichert, Y-R Yen, A. Glenn, M. V. Diwan, D. Davee, M DuVernois, P. E. Mueller, Christopher B. Williams, J. T. Matta, H. Yao, Rui-Lin Chu, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, B. Hackett, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Nikkel, P. T. Surukuchi, M P Mendenhall, and R D McKeown
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Nuclear reactor core, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over meter-long distances. PROSPECT is conceived as a 2-phase experiment utilizing segmented $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detectors for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT Phase I consists of a movable 3-ton antineutrino detector at distances of 7 - 12 m from the reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the $\nu_e$ disappearance experiments at 4$\sigma$ in 1 year and the favored region of the sterile neutrino parameter space at $>$3$\sigma$ in 3 years. With a second antineutrino detector at 15 - 19 m from the reactor, Phase II of PROSPECT can probe the entire allowed parameter space below 10 eV$^{2}$ at 5$\sigma$ in 3 additional years. The measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum and the search for short-baseline oscillations with PROSPECT will test the origin of the spectral deviations observed in recent $\theta_{13}$ experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and conclusively address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly., Comment: 21 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2015

40. Light collection and pulse-shape discrimination in elongated scintillator cells for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment

Author: E. Romero, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, J. J. Cherwinka, K. Gilje, H. Yao, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, Christopher B. Williams, J. Ashenfelter, X. Zhang, D. J. Dean, A. Bowes, Minfang Yeh, P. T. Surukuchi, H. R. Band, N.T. Stemen, J. K. Gaison, B. R. White, R. Sharma, M. V. Diwan, D. E. Jaffe, D. Davee, Rui-Lin Chu, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, C. D. Bryan, Xin Qian, Y-R Yen, L. Saldaña, G. Deichert, R. D. McKeown, B. Balantekin, C. White, G. Zangakis, A. Glenn, J. Wilhelmi, G. Barclay, B. W. Goddard, T. Wise, D. Berish, B. Viren, R. L. Varner, D. A. Dwyer, K. Commeford, T. J. Langford, Steven Sheets, R. Rosero, Jim Napolitano, S. Hans, Ke Han, D. Norcini, B. Heffron, Wei Wang, Nathaniel Bowden, R. Neilson, J. P. Brodsky, J. Dolph, M. J. Dolinski, Hans P. Mumm, T. Classen, C.D. Bass, K. M. Heeger, M. P. Green, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, and P. E. Mueller
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle identification methods, Calorimeters, Optics, Engineering, Calibration, Neutron, Neutrino detectors, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Spontaneous fission, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Reflector (photography), business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Inverse beta decay, Physical Sciences, business
Abstract: A meter-long, 23-liter EJ-309 liquid scintillator detector has been constructed to study the light collection and pulse-shape discrimination performance of elongated scintillator cells for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment. The magnitude and uniformity of light collection and neutron/gamma discrimination power in the energy range of antineutrino inverse beta decay products have been studied using gamma and spontaneous fission calibration sources deployed along the cell long axis. We also study neutron-gamma discrimination and light collection abilities for differing PMT and reflector configurations. Key design features for optimizing MeV-scale response and background rejection capabilities are identified., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2015
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41. THE INTESTINAL LESION IN THE INITIAL PHASE OF TROPICAL (MILITARY) SPRUE

Author: T. W. Sheehy, W. H. Cohen, and J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tropical sprue, Pathology, Physiology, Anemia, Gastroenterology, Sprue, Sprue, Tropical, Lesion, Intestinal mucosa, Internal medicine, Tropical Medicine, Diagnosis, Medicine, Humans, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Medicine, Hepatology, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Small intestine, Intestines, Celiac Disease, Intestinal Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Military Personnel, Etiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The intestinal mucosa was studied in 9 Continental Americans who developed the earliest phase of tropical sprue while serving in Puerto Rico. The histopathologic lesion in the small bowel was identical to that described in advanced sprue. It is significant that anemia, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency apparently had no relation to the etiology of the mucosal lesion. Very early lesions of the intestinal mucosa are recognized more readily with the light microscope than with the dissecting microscope.
Published: 1963

42. The Military Sprue Syndrome: A Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation

Author: W. C. Cohen, T. W. Sheehy, and J. P. Brodsky
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Military personnel, Tropical sprue, business.industry, Family medicine, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Sprue
Abstract: Excerpt The military sprue syndrome is, in effect, early tropical sprue occurring in continental United States military personnel and their dependents stationed in tropical areas. Thirty-five patie...
Published: 1963
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43. The PROSPECT physics program.

Author: J Ashenfelter, A B Balantekin, H R Band, G Barclay, C D Bass, D Berish, L Bignell, N S Bowden, A Bowes, J P Brodsky, C D Bryan, J J Cherwinka, R Chu, T Classen, K Commeford, A J Conant, D Davee, D Dean, G Deichert, and M V Diwan
Subjects: ANTINEUTRINOS, STERILE neutrinos, LIQUID scintillators, PRESSURIZED water reactors, HIGHLY enriched uranium
Abstract: The precision reactor oscillation and spectrum experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over a distance of several meters. PROSPECT is conceived as a 2-phase experiment utilizing segmented 6Li-doped liquid scintillator detectors for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT Phase I consists of a movable 3 ton antineutrino detector at distances of 7–12 m from the reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the disappearance experiments at 4σ in 1 year and the favored region of the sterile neutrino parameter space at in 3 years. With a second antineutrino detector at 15–19 m from the reactor, Phase II of PROSPECT can probe the entire allowed parameter space below 10 eV2 at 5σ in 3 additional years. The measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum and the search for short-baseline oscillations with PROSPECT will test the origin of the spectral deviations observed in recent experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and conclusively address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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