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In the midterm future Near Field Communications (NFC) is expected to spread up within the healthcare sector. This article reviews the use of NFC in the healthcare sector. Application areas, use cases, potential benefits and barriers, will be presented. The present study provides guidance for researchers in adopting and deploying NFC in medical sector. The main healthcare and security applications are patient's identification and medication control. NFC can also be used in deploying resource control, management and data acquisition and remote delivery applications. The main benefits of NFC are: improvement of care quality, existence of standards and applications with friendly human interface. The main barriers are: limited availability of mobile phones with NFC, deployment costs, security, technology limitations and support of the health centre staff.

DNAs extracted from the mammary tumors of GR mice were analyzed for mouse mammary tumor virus proviral sequences by the restriction enzyme-Southern blot procedure. The tumor DNAs contain more proviral copies of mouse mammary tumor virus than DNA from a nonmalignant tissue. The degree of proviral amplification is small (ca. one to five additional copies) and appears to be variable from tumor to tumor. The restriction patterns of the amplified proviral sequences suggest a clonal origin for the tumor mass. In addition, the restriction patterns observed after digestion with the enzymes BglII and SacI indicate that only one of the proviruses endogenous to GR mice is amplified. The amplified provirus found in GR mammary tumors is identical to the provirus that is missing in GR-Mtv-2- mice, a congenic line exhibiting a low mammary tumor incidence.

Mouse mammary tumor virus-producing cultures of mouse mammary tumor cells synthesize a viral-related polypeptide of molecular weight of 73,000 (gp 73) which is rapidly labeled during a short pulse but disappears during the chase concomitantly with the appearance of label in the virion glycoproteins gp 49 and gp 37.5/33.5. The addition of the protein synthesis-inhibitor cycloheximide to the chase medium has little effect on this conversion. Treatment of the proposed precursor with α-chymotrypsin leads to the formation of a polypeptide of molecular weight 49,000, similar to the major virion glycoprotein. A comparison of tryptic digest maps of the glycoproteins involved supports the hypothesis that both the viral glycoproteins gp 49 and gp 37.5/33.5 are derived from gp 73.

Mouse mammary tumor virus polypeptides were detected in the cytoplasm of mouse mammary tumor cell cultures using immunological precipitation techniques. The anti-mouse mammary tumor virus serum precipitated the major virion glycoproteins gp49 and gp37.5/33.5 and a viral-related nonvirion glycoprotein of 76,000 daltons. Subcellular fractionation studies revelaed that the cell-associated virion glycoproteins were present in the membrane fraction. Pulsechase experiments indicated that a viral-related nonvirion glycoprotein of 76,000 daltons may be a precursor to one or more of the virion glycoproteins.

Restriction mapping demonstrated the presence of several distinct proviral forms of mouse mammary tumor virus in the genome of GR mice. One of these proviruses (GR-MTV-2) was highly amplified in GR 3A cells, a cell line derived from a GR mammary tumor. By the criterion of restriction mapping, the amplified GR-MTV-2 provirus found in GR 3A cells was identical to the provirus found in M1.19 cells, a rat cell line infected with virions obtained from GR 3A culture fluid. This result clearly implies that the GR-MTV-2 provirus in GR 3A cells was transcribed into the virion-associated viral RNA genome. Cleavage of either GR 3A or M1.19 cell DNAs with the restriction enzyme Bg1 II gave rise to a 2.6 x 10(6) dalton GR-MTV-2 proviral fragment (ca. 45% of the viral genome). This fragment was isolated and mapped with thirteen restriction enzymes.

We examined the genetic structure, in terms of restriction endonuclease recognition sites, of the milk-transmitted, low-oncogenic mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) of the BALB/cNIV mouse strain. An analysis with EcoRI documented the presence of acquired cNIV proviruses in the mammary tumor DNAs of BALB/cNIV animals. A comparison of tumor DNAs digested with PstI showed that both the cNIV MuMTV and C3Hf MuMTV proviruses lacked the 4.3- and 1.1-kilobase pair fragments characteristic of C3H MuMTV patterns. An examination of mammary tumor and normal, nonmammary tissue DNAs with BamHI supported the idea that the cNIV MuMTV is identical to the C3Hf MuMTV and demonstrated that these two low-oncogenic proviruses are identical to the high-oncogenic C3H MuMTV provirus with respect to a pair of BamHI sites which define a 1.3-kilobase pair fragment. For each of the three MuMTV strains, we also mapped DNAs generated in isolated virions by reverse transcription of their genomic RNAs. Our results showed that cNIV and C3Hf MuMTV are distinct entities by virtue of an additional PstI site within the cNIV long terminal repeat sequence. Another unique feature of cNIV MuMTV revealed by the analysis of virion-generated DNAs was the existence of a family of genomes within the cNIV population. We concluded that cNIV is distinct from its presumptive C3Hf MuMTV predecessor.

A new procedure for isolating pellicles from TetraJiymena yields stable whole pellicles in good yield. Electron microscopy of fixed pellicles showed inner membranes and basal bodies but no mitochondria. Sucrose gradient sedimentation of pellicle extracts labelled with [sH]uridine showed an increase in the ratio 17 s RNA to 25 s RNA and little 4 s RNA. The method of long term labelling presumably excluded messenger RNA. The technique of RNA/DNA hybridization in the presence of competing RNA showed that 35 % of the pellicle RNA which could hybridize (Cot 2–3) to DNA did not contain sequences in common with ribosomal RNA. It is proposed that a stable RNA which is not mitochondrial RNA, transfer RNA or ribosomal RNA is associated with the pellicle. Fixed pellicles stained with acridine orange showed brilliant yellow-green fluorescence at the basal bodies. RNase reduced or abolished fluorescence; DNase, histone, and lysozyme had no effect. Mercaptoethanol changed the colour of the fluorescence of basal bodies from yellow-green to orange, while not changing yellow nuclear fluorescence. Fluorescence of basal bodies was seen in pellicles isolated from log-phase cells and also in synchronized cells. It is proposed that basal bodies contain, or are associated with, single-stranded RNA held in a rigid configuration by protein. The implications of this proposal are discussed.

Human coagulation factor VIII:C has been purified approximately 5000-fold from commercial preparations with an average activity yield of 35%. Proteins of 92 kD and 77–80 kD enriched during purification are precipitated by a human serum polyclonal antibody which inhibits factor VIII:C activity. Evidence suggests that these polypeptides are linked by a calcium ion bridge. Partial amino acid sequence information from these proteins has been obtained from the intact polypeptides and from products of digestion with thrombin, endoproteinase lysC, or trypsin after citraconylation. An oligonucleotide probe designed from one of the amino acid sequences was used to isolate a partial genomic clone from a human 4X chromosome library in bacteriophage λ. The genomic segment was used to isolate two cDNA molecules encompassing the entire human kidney factor VIII:C mRNA. Biologically active factor VIII:C has been produced in a mammalian cell line utilizing a complete cDNA construction.

Murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) provirus sequences in the DNA from early-occurring (average age 10 mo) and late occurring (age greater than 20 mo) tumors in BALB/cfC3H mice were analyzed by Eco RI restriction endonuclease mapping procedures. All early tumors were MuMTV antigen-positive mammary adenocarcinomas that contained the 0.92- and 4.0-kilo base (kb) exogenous C3H MuMTV-specific Pst I restriction endonuclease fragments. All but 1 of the late mammary adenocarcinomas had MuMTV antigens detected by peroxidase antiperoxidase staining, and all contained the 0.92- and 4.0-kb exogenous virus Pst I fragments. Three late nonmammary tumors lacked both MuMTV antigens and acquired provirus sequences. Greater numbers of MuMTV sequences were detected in both early and late-arising mammary tumors by Eco RI restriction endonuclease mapping than were detected in tissues from uninfected BALB/c mice. However, neither the number nor the location of MuMTV proviruses correlated with tumor latent period.