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1. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis

Author

Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M, Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R, Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J, Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A, Entling, Martin H, Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, G Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A, Loeb, Gregory M, Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C, Potts, Simon G, Rundlöf, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines MG, Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Westbury, Duncan B, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis

Subjects
Ecological Applications, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Management, Environmental Sciences, Zero Hunger, Agriculture, Bees, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Europe, Flowers, New Zealand, North America, Pest Control, Pollination, Agroecology, agri-environment schemes, bee pollinators, conservation biological control, ecological intensification, farmland biodiversity, floral enhancements, natural pest regulation, pollination reservoirs, sustainable agriculture, wildflower strips, Evolutionary Biology, Ecological applications, Environmental management
Abstract

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Published
2020

2. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition.

Author

Karp, Daniel S, Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Meehan, Timothy D, Martin, Emily A, DeClerck, Fabrice, Grab, Heather, Gratton, Claudio, Hunt, Lauren, Larsen, Ashley E, Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, O'Rourke, Megan E, Rusch, Adrien, Poveda, Katja, Jonsson, Mattias, Rosenheim, Jay A, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Tscharntke, Teja, Wratten, Stephen D, Zhang, Wei, Iverson, Aaron L, Adler, Lynn S, Albrecht, Matthias, Alignier, Audrey, Angelella, Gina M, Zubair Anjum, Muhammad, Avelino, Jacques, Batáry, Péter, Baveco, Johannes M, Bianchi, Felix JJA, Birkhofer, Klaus, Bohnenblust, Eric W, Bommarco, Riccardo, Brewer, Michael J, Caballero-López, Berta, Carrière, Yves, Carvalheiro, Luísa G, Cayuela, Luis, Centrella, Mary, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Henri, Dominic Charles, Chabert, Ariane, Costamagna, Alejandro C, De la Mora, Aldo, de Kraker, Joop, Desneux, Nicolas, Diehl, Eva, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F, Eckberg, James O, Entling, Martin H, Fiedler, Daniela, Franck, Pierre, Frank van Veen, FJ, Frank, Thomas, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael PD, Getachew, Awraris, Gonthier, David J, Goodell, Peter B, Graziosi, Ignazio, Groves, Russell L, Gurr, Geoff M, Hajian-Forooshani, Zachary, Heimpel, George E, Herrmann, John D, Huseth, Anders S, Inclán, Diego J, Ingrao, Adam J, Iv, Phirun, Jacot, Katja, Johnson, Gregg A, Jones, Laura, Kaiser, Marina, Kaser, Joe M, Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N, Kishinevsky, Miriam, Landis, Douglas A, Lavandero, Blas, Lavigne, Claire, Le Ralec, Anne, Lemessa, Debissa, Letourneau, Deborah K, Liere, Heidi, Lu, Yanhui, Lubin, Yael, Luttermoser, Tim, Maas, Bea, Mace, Kevi, Madeira, Filipe, Mader, Viktoria, Cortesero, Anne Marie, Marini, Lorenzo, Martinez, Eliana, Martinson, Holly M, Menozzi, Philippe, Mitchell, Matthew GE, Miyashita, Tadashi, Molina, Gonzalo AR, and Molina-Montenegro, Marco A

Subjects
Animals, Crops, Agricultural, Ecosystem, Pest Control, Biological, Models, Biological, agroecology, biodiversity, biological control, ecosystem services, natural enemies, Crops, Agricultural, Pest Control, Biological, Models
Abstract

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.

Published
2018

3. Bandes annuelles et pluriannuelles pour organismes utiles sur terres ouvertes

Author

Jacot, Katja, Lutter, Stefan, Ramseier, Hans, Cahenzli, Fabian, Ladner Callipari, Judith, Steinemann, Beatrice, Pfiffner, Lukas, Gramlich, Anja, Jacot, Katja, Lutter, Stefan, Ramseier, Hans, Cahenzli, Fabian, Ladner Callipari, Judith, Steinemann, Beatrice, Pfiffner, Lukas, and Gramlich, Anja

Abstract

La fiche technique a pour but d‘aider les conseillers-ères, les agriculteurs-trices et les autres acteurs agricoles à choisir le mélange de semences, l‘emplacement, l‘installation, l‘entretien et la suppression des bandes pour organismes utiles annuelles et pluriannuelles sur les terres ouvertes. La fiche traite également de l‘utilité de ces bandes pour les cultures

Published
2023

4. Ein- und mehrjährige Nützlingsstreifen im Ackerland

Author

Jacot, Katja, Lutter, Stefan, Ramseier, Hans, Cahenzli, Fabian, Ladner Callipari, Judith, Steinemann, Beatrice, Pfiffner, Lukas, Gramlich, Anja, Jacot, Katja, Lutter, Stefan, Ramseier, Hans, Cahenzli, Fabian, Ladner Callipari, Judith, Steinemann, Beatrice, Pfiffner, Lukas, and Gramlich, Anja

Abstract

Das Merkblatt hat zum Ziel, Beratungskräfte, Landwirtinnen und Landwirte sowie weitere landwirtschaftliche Akteure bei der Auswahl der Samenmischung, der Standortwahl, Anlage, Pflege und Aufhebung von ein- und mehrjährigen Nützlingsstreifen auf offener Ackerfläche zu unterstützen. Ebenfalls wird der Nutzen der Nützlingsstreifen für die Kulturen aufgezeigt.

Published
2023

5. Mehrjährige Nützlingsstreifen für Fahrgassen im Rebberg

Author

Steinemann, Beatrice, Rutz, Theres, Chevillat, Véronique, Jacot, Katja, Bättig, Danja, Steinemann, Beatrice, Rutz, Theres, Chevillat, Véronique, Jacot, Katja, and Bättig, Danja

Abstract

Dieses Merkblatt soll, Winzer*innen bei der Anlage und Pflege von Nützlingsstreifen in Fahrgassen unterstützen. Das gesammelte Wissen aus den Versuchen und Praxiserfahrungen in über 70 Rebbergparzellen im ganzen Mittelland zwischen 2018 – 2022 wird hier zusammengefasst.

Published
2023

8. Blühstreifen für Bestäuber: Umfrage zeigt weitgehende Zufriedenheit in der Praxis

Author

Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, Jacot, Katja, Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, and Jacot, Katja

Abstract

Mit einjährigen Blühstreifen möchte man die Trachtlücke für Bienen und weitere Bestäuber zwischen Ende Mai und Ende Juli verkleinern und natürliche Gegenspieler von landwirtschaftlichen Schädlingen in die Kulturen locken und ernähren. Für die Etablierung eines optimalen Blühstreifens spielen nebst Mischungsgestaltung und Standorteinflüssen auch die Erfahrungen der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte eine wichtige Rolle. Seit 2015 führen Agroscope, FiBL und HAFL deshalb eine Umfrage in Form eines Fragebogens durch, in welchem die Teilnehmenden Angaben über ihre praktischen Erfahrungen mit Blühstreifen machen. Bis Ende 2020 wurden 299 Fragebogen zu Bestäuberblühstreifen (BBS) eingesendet und ausgewertet. Die Anlage eines BBS erfolgte bei den meisten Befragten mit dem Ziel, Bestäuber und andere Nützlinge zu fördern, Schädlinge zu reduzieren und die Attraktivität für Spaziergänger zu erhöhen. Die persönlichen Beobachtungen der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte zeigten ein positives Bild: Die Mehrheit der BBS lief gut auf, verursachte einen vertretbaren Unkrautdruck sowie einen mässigen Pflegeaufwand und wies eine hohe Abundanz an Blüten und Insekten auf. Die meisten Teilnehmenden waren mit ihrem BBS zufrieden und würden erneut einen solchen anlegen. Einzig die tiefe Beratungsquote und die oftmals suboptimale Auswahl der Saatmischung haben Verbesserungspotential.

Published
2022

9. Enquête sur les bandes fleuries pour pollinisateurs: grande satisfaction au sein de la pratique

Author

Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, Jacot, Katja, Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, and Jacot, Katja

Abstract

L’acceptation des bandes fleuries par les agriculteurs joue un rôle déterminant dans la mise en place optimale de celles-ci. Selon une enquête d’Agroscope, du FiBL et de la HAFL, les bandes fleuries pour pollinisateurs fonctionnent bien dans la pratique et donnent entière satisfaction.

Published
2022

10. Pollinator Flower Strips: Survey Shows Broad Satisfaction in Practice

Author

Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, Jacot, Katja, Bättig, Danja, Ramseier, Hans, Luka, Henryk, Herzog, Felix, and Jacot, Katja

Abstract

Farmer acceptance plays a crucial role in establishing optimal flower strips. A survey conducted by Agroscope, FiBL and HAFL shows that pollinator flower strips work in practice, and lead to high satisfaction.

Published
2022

13. Flower Mapping in Grasslands With Drones and Deep Learning

Author

Gallmann, Johannes, Schüpbach, Beatrice, Jacot, Katja, Albrecht, Matthias, Winizki, Jonas, Kirchgessner, Norbert, and Aasen, Helge

Subjects
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), abundance mapping, faster R-CNN, object detection, aerial image, machine learning, remotely piloted aerial vehicles (RPAS), meadow
Abstract

Manual assessment of flower abundance of different flowering plant species in grasslands is a time-consuming process. We present an automated approach to determine the flower abundance in grasslands from drone-based aerial images by using deep learning (Faster R-CNN) object detection approach, which was trained and evaluated on data from five flights at two sites. Our deep learning network was able to identify and classify individual flowers. The novel method allowed generating spatially explicit maps of flower abundance that met or exceeded the accuracy of the manual-count-data extrapolation method while being less labor intensive. The results were very good for some types of flowers, with precision and recall being close to or higher than 90%. Other flowers were detected poorly due to reasons such as lack of enough training data, appearance changes due to phenology, or flowers being too small to be reliably distinguishable on the aerial images. The method was able to give precise estimates of the abundance of many flowering plant species. In the future, the collection of more training data will allow better predictions for the flowers that are not well predicted yet. The developed pipeline can be applied to any sort of aerial object detection problem., Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, ISSN:1664-462X

Published
2022
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20. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis

Author

Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, de Groot, Arjen, Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis

Abstract

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Published
2021

21. Blühende Rebberge für Mensch und Natur - Förderung von artenreichen Weinbergen

Author

Steinemann, Beatrice, Jacot, Katja, Bona, Lea, Chevillat, Véronique, Zufferey, Vivian, Billing, Bernhard, Bosem, Aliette, and Pfiffner, Lukas

Subjects
Viticulture, Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

Inhalt - Förderung von artenreichen Rehbergen (2018-2021) - Ökologische Aufwertung der Rebberge mit langjährigen Einsaaten - Zentrale Fragen – drei Hauptstossrichtungen - Feldversuche in der West- und Deutsch-Schweiz - Vorversuche am FiBL 2016/17 mit 7 Mischungen - Mischungen - Kriterien der Mischungen - Funktionen der Pflanzenarten in der Mischung - Mischung 2019 - trocken - Praxisversuche - Standorte Praxisversuche 2019 - Anbautechnik der Einsaaten - Praxisversuch - Saat - Praxisversuch -Walzen - Entwicklung der Einsaaten - Impressionen Neuansaaten Juni 2020 - WilchingenThalacker – trockene Mischung - Weinfelden – 2 Standorte mesische M. (ver. Böden) - Herausfordernde Situationen – 15. Aug. 2019 - Wilchingerberg – zu tief gemulcht - Junganlage - Weitere Impressionen - Grasversuch Elfingen im 2. Standjahr 24 - Resultate - Praxis-Versuche 2019 – Entwicklungskontrolle Juni/Juli - Praxis-Versuche 2019 – Bonitur August - Grasversuch Elfingen (Saat 2018) – Bonitur August - Herbstansaat 2018 – Frick (PiWi Johanniter) - Nützlingsförderung

Published
2020

22. Blühende Rebberge für Mensch und Natur - Förderung von artenreichen Weinbergen

Author

Jacot, Katja and Steinemann, Beatrice

Subjects
Viticulture, Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

Inhalt - Ökologische Aufwertung der Rebberge mit langjährigen Einsaaten - Zentrale Fragen - drei Hauptausrichtungen - Funktionelle Samenmischungen - Mischungs-Zusammensetzung 2019 - Schlussfolgerungen BS in Rebbergen

Published
2020

23. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield:a quantitative synthesis

Author

Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, Arjen de Groot, G., Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, Sutter, Louis, Albrecht, Matthias, Kleijn, David, Williams, Neal M., Tschumi, Matthias, Blaauw, Brett R., Bommarco, Riccardo, Campbell, Alistair J., Dainese, Matteo, Drummond, Francis A., Entling, Martin H., Ganser, Dominik, Arjen de Groot, G., Goulson, Dave, Grab, Heather, Hamilton, Hannah, Herzog, Felix, Isaacs, Rufus, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jonsson, Mattias, Knop, Eva, Kremen, Claire, Landis, Douglas A., Loeb, Gregory M., Marini, Lorenzo, McKerchar, Megan, Morandin, Lora, Pfister, Sonja C., Potts, Simon G., Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary, Sciligo, Amber, Thies, Carsten, Tscharntke, Teja, Venturini, Eric, Veromann, Eve, Vollhardt, Ines M.G., Wäckers, Felix, Ward, Kimiora, Wilby, Andrew, Woltz, Megan, Wratten, Steve, and Sutter, Louis

Abstract

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Published
2020

24. Data from: The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agro-ecosystem services across Europe

Author

Martin, Emily A., Dainese, Matteo, Clough, Yann, Báldi, András, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Marini, Lorenzo, Potts, Simon G., Smith, Henrik G., Al Hassan, Diab, Albrecht, Matthias, Andersson, Georg K. S., Asis, Josep, Aviron, Stephanie, Balzan, Mario, Baños-Picón, Laura, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Batary, Peter, Burel, Françoise, Caballero-López, Berta, Concepcion, Elena D., Coudrain, Valerie, Danhardt, Juliana, Díaz, Mario, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F., Duflot, Remi, Entling, Martin, Farwig, Nina, Fischer, Christina, Frank, Thomas, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Herrmann, John, Herzog, Felix, Inclan, Diego, Jacot, Katja, Jauker, Frank, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kaiser, Marina, Krauss, Jochen, Le Féon, Violette, Marshall, Jon, Moonen, Anna-Camilla, Moreno, Gerardo, Riedinger, Verena, Rundlöf, Maj, Rusch, Adrien, Scheper, Jeroen, Schneider, Gudrun, Schüepp, Christof, Stutz, Sonja, Sutter, Louis, Tamburini, Giovanni, Thies, Carsten, Tormos, Jose, Tscharntke, Teja, Tschumi, Matthias, Uzman, Deniz, Wagner, Christian, Anjum, Muhammad, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Martin, Emily A., Dainese, Matteo, Clough, Yann, Báldi, András, Bommarco, Riccardo, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael, Holzschuh, Andrea, Kleijn, David, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Marini, Lorenzo, Potts, Simon G., Smith, Henrik G., Al Hassan, Diab, Albrecht, Matthias, Andersson, Georg K. S., Asis, Josep, Aviron, Stephanie, Balzan, Mario, Baños-Picón, Laura, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Batary, Peter, Burel, Françoise, Caballero-López, Berta, Concepcion, Elena D., Coudrain, Valerie, Danhardt, Juliana, Díaz, Mario, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F., Duflot, Remi, Entling, Martin, Farwig, Nina, Fischer, Christina, Frank, Thomas, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Herrmann, John, Herzog, Felix, Inclan, Diego, Jacot, Katja, Jauker, Frank, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kaiser, Marina, Krauss, Jochen, Le Féon, Violette, Marshall, Jon, Moonen, Anna-Camilla, Moreno, Gerardo, Riedinger, Verena, Rundlöf, Maj, Rusch, Adrien, Scheper, Jeroen, Schneider, Gudrun, Schüepp, Christof, Stutz, Sonja, Sutter, Louis, Tamburini, Giovanni, Thies, Carsten, Tormos, Jose, Tscharntke, Teja, Tschumi, Matthias, Uzman, Deniz, Wagner, Christian, Anjum, Muhammad, and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

Abstract

Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non‐crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. Overall, however, in landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold respectively. Arable‐dominated landscapes with high edge densities achieved high yields. This suggests that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield‐enhancing ecosystem services.

Published
2019

25. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

Author

Karp, Daniel S., Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Meehan, Timothy D., Martin, Emily A., DeClerck, Fabrice, Grab, Heather, Gratton, Claudio, Hunt, Lauren, Larsen, Ashley E., Martinez-Salinas, Alejandra, O'Rourke, Megan E., Rusch, Adrien, Poveda, Katja, Jonsson, Mattias, Rosenheim, Jay A., Schellhorn, Nancy A., Tscharntke, Teja, Wratten, Stephen D., Zhang, Wei, Iverson, Aaron L., Adler, Lynn S., Albrecht, Matthias, Alignier, Audrey, Angelella, Gina M., Anjum, Muhammad Zubair, Avelino, Jacques, Batary, Peter, Baveco, Johannes M., Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Birkhofer, Klaus, Bohnenblust, Eric W., Bommarco, Riccardo, Brewer, Michael J., Caballero-López, Berta, Carrière, Yves, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Cayuela, Luis, Centrella, Mary, Cetkovic, Aleksandar, Henri, Dominic Charles, Chabert, Ariane, Costamagna, Alejandro C., De la Mora, Aldo, De Kraker, Joop, Desneux, Nicolas, Diehl, Eva, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F., Eckberg, James O., Entling, Martin H., Fiedler, Daniela, Franck, Pierre, van Veen, Frank, Frank, Thomas, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael P.D., Getachew, Awraris, Gonthier, David J., Goodell, Peter B., Graziosi, Ignazio, Groves, Russell L., Gurr, Geoff M., Hajian-Forooshani, Zachary, Heimpel, George E., Herrmann, John D., Huseth, Anders S., Inclán, Diego J., Ingrao, Adam J., Iv, Phirun, Jacot, Katja, Johnson, Gregg A., Jones, Laura, Kaiser, Marina, Kaser, Joe M., Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N., Kishinevsky, Miriam, Landis, Douglas A., Lavandero, Blas, Lavigne, Claire, Le Ralec, Anne, Lemessa, Debissa, Letourneau, Deborah K., Liere, Heidi, Lu, Yanhui, Lubin, Yael, Luttermoser, Tim, Maas, Bea, Mace, Kevi, Madeira, Felipe, Mader, Viktoria, Cortesero, Anne-Marie, Marini, Lorenzo, Martinez, Eliana, Martinson, Holly M., and Menozzi, Philippe

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
Abstract

The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.

Published
2018

26. The potential of different semi-natural habitats to sustain pollinators and natural enemies in European agricultural landscapes

Author

Bartual, Agustín M., primary, Sutter, Louis, additional, Bocci, Gionata, additional, Moonen, Anna-Camilla, additional, Cresswell, James, additional, Entling, Martin, additional, Giffard, Brice, additional, Jacot, Katja, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Holland, John, additional, Pfister, Sonja, additional, Pintér, Orsolya, additional, Veromann, Eve, additional, Winkler, Karin, additional, and Albrecht, Matthias, additional

Published
2019
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27. The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe

Author

Martin, Emily A., primary, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Clough, Yann, additional, Báldi, András, additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Gagic, Vesna, additional, Garratt, Michael P.D., additional, Holzschuh, Andrea, additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Kovács‐Hostyánszki, Anikó, additional, Marini, Lorenzo, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Al Hassan, Diab, additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Andersson, Georg K.S., additional, Asís, Josep D., additional, Aviron, Stéphanie, additional, Balzan, Mario V., additional, Baños‐Picón, Laura, additional, Bartomeus, Ignasi, additional, Batáry, Péter, additional, Burel, Francoise, additional, Caballero‐López, Berta, additional, Concepción, Elena D., additional, Coudrain, Valérie, additional, Dänhardt, Juliana, additional, Diaz, Mario, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Dormann, Carsten F., additional, Duflot, Rémi, additional, Entling, Martin H., additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Fischer, Christina, additional, Frank, Thomas, additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Hermann, John, additional, Herzog, Felix, additional, Inclán, Diego, additional, Jacot, Katja, additional, Jauker, Frank, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Kaiser, Marina, additional, Krauss, Jochen, additional, Le Féon, Violette, additional, Marshall, Jon, additional, Moonen, Anna‐Camilla, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Riedinger, Verena, additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Rusch, Adrien, additional, Scheper, Jeroen, additional, Schneider, Gudrun, additional, Schüepp, Christof, additional, Stutz, Sonja, additional, Sutter, Louis, additional, Tamburini, Giovanni, additional, Thies, Carsten, additional, Tormos, José, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Tschumi, Matthias, additional, Uzman, Deniz, additional, Wagner, Christian, additional, Zubair‐Anjum, Muhammad, additional, and Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, additional

Published
2019
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29. Blühstreifen für Bestäuber und andere Nützlinge - Wertvolle Nahrungsquellen im Ackerbau

Author

Benz, Regula, Jucker, Phillip, Albrecht, Matthias, Charrière, Jean-Daniel, Herzog, Felix, Jacot, Katja, Tschumi, Matthias, Luka, Henryk, Pfiffner, Lukas, Ramseier, Hans, Knauer, Katja, Steinmann, Patricia, Tschumi, Eva, and Silvestri, Gabriella

Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

Das Merkblatt hilft Beratungskräften, Landwirtinnen und Landwirten sowie weiteren landwirtschaftlichen Akteuren bei der Umsetzung der neuen Biodiversitätsförderfläche Blühstreifen für Bestäuber und andere Nützlinge. Das Dokument beschreibt den kulturspezifischen Nutzen der Flächen, deren Anlage, Pflege und Aufhebung. Zudem werden Empfehlungen zur optimalen Umsetzung formuliert, damit die erwartete Leistung der Bestäuber und Nützlinge auch langfristig erbracht werden kann.

Published
2015

30. Bandes fleuries pour les pollinisateurs et les autres organismes utiles - Sources de nourriture précieuses parmi les cultures

Author

Benz, Regula, Jucker, Phillip, Albrecht, Matthias, Charrière, Jean-Daniel, Herzog, Felix, Jacot, Katja, Tschumi, Matthias, Luka, Henryk, Pfiffner, Lukas, Ramseier, Hans, Knauer, Katja, Steinmann, Patricia, Tschumi, Eva, and Silvestri, Gabriella

Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

Le document aide les conseillères et conseillers, exploitantes et exploitants et autres acteurs agricoles dans la mise en oeuvre du nouveau type de surface de promotion de la biodiversité Bandes fleuries pour les pollinisateurs et les autres organismes utiles. La présente fiche décrit l’utilité spécifique aux cultures des bandes fleuries, leur mise en place et leur retournement. De plus, des recommandations pour une mise en oeuvre optimale sont formulées afi n de permettre aux pollinisateurs et autres auxiliaires d’accomplir les services attendus à long terme.

Published
2015

33. Lisières, nouvel élément de compensation écologique

Author

Jacot, Katja, Junge, Xenia, Bosshard, Andreas, and Luka, Henryk

Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract

Avec l’ordonnance sur la qualité écologique, la mise en réseau d’écosystèmes proches de la nature est devenue une tâche prioritaire de la compensation écologique. Les lisières riches en espèces sont des éléments de connexion tout à fait appropriés. Les résultats de nos travaux de recherche ont montré que les lisières pouvaient contribuer à renaturer et à diversifier le paysage cultivé. Elles ne produisent que peu de mauvaises herbes (salissement) et n’accroissent pas l’activité des parasites dans les cultures limitrophes davantage que d’autres bordures de champs. En outre, les lisières riches en espèces sont appréciées des promeneurs et des agriculteurs.

Published
2005

34. Evaluation der Ökomassnahmen: Bereich Biodiversität

Author

Aviron, Stéphanie, Bigler, Franz, Birrer, Simon, Bosshart, Stephan, Buholzer, Serge, Derron, Jacques, Dreier, Suzanne, Duelli, Peter, Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Herzog, Felix, Heynen, Daniela, Hochstetter, Sebastian, Hofer, Gabriela, Holzgang, Otto, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kampmann, Dorothea, Kéry, Marc, Klaus, Iris, Kleijn, David, Knop, Eva, Kohli, Lukas, Kühne, Andrea, Luka, Henryk, Oberholzer, Barbara, Obrist, Martin K., Pfiffner, Lukas, Pearson, Sarah, Pozzi, Stefano, Roux, Olivier, Schneider, Krin, Schüpbach, Beatrice, Spiess, Martin, Walter, Thomas, Wermeille, Emmanuel, Wolff, Matthias, Herzog, Felix, and Walter, Thomas

Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services, Policy environments and social economy
Abstract

1993 führte der Bund ökologische Direktzahlungen ein; seit 1999 ist die Erbringung des ökologischen Leistungsnachweises (ÖLN) durch die Landwirtschaftsbetriebe die Voraussetzung zum Bezug von Direktzahlungen. Heute werden 97 % der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche nach den Regeln des ÖLN bewirtschaftet. Die wichtigste Massnahme des ÖLN, welche einen Einfluss auf die Biodiversität hat, ist, dass die Betriebe 7 % ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche (LN) als ökologische Ausgleichsflächen (öAF) auszuweisen haben (bei Spezialkulturen 3,5 %). Weitere Anforderungen des ÖLN (ausgeglichene Nährstoffbilanz, geregelte Fruchtfolge, Bodenschutz, gezielter Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, tiergerechte Haltung der Nutztiere) können ebenfalls einen Einfluss haben, stehen jedoch weniger im Vordergrund.

Published
2005

35. Improved field margins highly increase slug activity in Switzerland

Author

Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Speiser, Bernhard, Bosshard, Andreas, Jacot, Katja, Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Speiser, Bernhard, Bosshard, Andreas, and Jacot, Katja

Abstract

Most field margins on arable land in Switzerland are narrow and intensively managed. As a consequence, field margins generally harbour few plant and animal species. To enhance biodiversity in arable landscapes, sown species-rich field margins, so-called improved field margins, were introduced in 2008 as a part of the Swiss agri-environment scheme. Here, we tested whether improved field margins increase slug activity density. Slug activity density in and next to improved field margins was compared to slug activity in and next to conventional field margins. Over a period of 3 years, slugs were sampled in three regions in northern Switzerland in late spring using bait stations. Our results show that improved field margins have higher slug activity density, of +191 %, than conventional field margins, independently of the region. The predominant slugs were Arion lusitanicus and Deroceras spp. While A. lusitanicus was generally more abundant in field margins than in fields, with intermediate numbers in the adjacent crop margins, Deroceras spp. showed a more even distribution.

Published
2012

36. Evaluation der Ökomassnahmen: Bereich Biodiversität

Author

Herzog, Felix, Walter, Thomas, Aviron, Stéphanie, Bigler, Franz, Birrer, Simon, Bosshart, Stephan, Buholzer, Serge, Derron, Jacques, Dreier, Suzanne, Duelli, Peter, Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Heynen, Daniela, Hochstetter, Sebastian, Hofer, Gabriela, Holzgang, Otto, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kampmann, Dorothea, Kéry, Marc, Klaus, Iris, Kleijn, David, Knop, Eva, Kohli, Lukas, Kühne, Andrea, Luka, Henryk, Oberholzer, Barbara, Obrist, Martin K., Pfiffner, Lukas, Pearson, Sarah, Pozzi, Stefano, Roux, Olivier, Schneider, Krin, Schüpbach, Beatrice, Spiess, Martin, Wermeille, Emmanuel, Wolff, Matthias, Herzog, Felix, Walter, Thomas, Aviron, Stéphanie, Bigler, Franz, Birrer, Simon, Bosshart, Stephan, Buholzer, Serge, Derron, Jacques, Dreier, Suzanne, Duelli, Peter, Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Heynen, Daniela, Hochstetter, Sebastian, Hofer, Gabriela, Holzgang, Otto, Jacot, Katja, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kampmann, Dorothea, Kéry, Marc, Klaus, Iris, Kleijn, David, Knop, Eva, Kohli, Lukas, Kühne, Andrea, Luka, Henryk, Oberholzer, Barbara, Obrist, Martin K., Pfiffner, Lukas, Pearson, Sarah, Pozzi, Stefano, Roux, Olivier, Schneider, Krin, Schüpbach, Beatrice, Spiess, Martin, Wermeille, Emmanuel, and Wolff, Matthias

Abstract

1993 führte der Bund ökologische Direktzahlungen ein; seit 1999 ist die Erbringung des ökologischen Leistungsnachweises (ÖLN) durch die Landwirtschaftsbetriebe die Voraussetzung zum Bezug von Direktzahlungen. Heute werden 97 % der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche nach den Regeln des ÖLN bewirtschaftet. Die wichtigste Massnahme des ÖLN, welche einen Einfluss auf die Biodiversität hat, ist, dass die Betriebe 7 % ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche (LN) als ökologische Ausgleichsflächen (öAF) auszuweisen haben (bei Spezialkulturen 3,5 %). Weitere Anforderungen des ÖLN (ausgeglichene Nährstoffbilanz, geregelte Fruchtfolge, Bodenschutz, gezielter Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, tiergerechte Haltung der Nutztiere) können ebenfalls einen Einfluss haben, stehen jedoch weniger im Vordergrund.

Published
2005

40. The relative contribution of symbiotic N[sub 2] fixation and other nitrogen sources to grassland ecosystems along an altitudinal gradient in the Alps.

Author

Jacot, Katja A., Luscher, Andreas, Nosberger, Josef, and Hartwig, Ueli A.

Subjects
GRASSLANDS, NITROGEN fixation, LEGUMES
Abstract

Studies the significance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes and other nitrogen sources for the nitrogen budget of grassland ecosystems along an altitudinal gradient in the Swiss Alps. Total annual symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Determination of dry mass yield and nitrogen concentration; Assessment of nitrogen deposition.

Published
2000
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41. Significance of Legumes for the Distribution of Plant Species in Grassland Ecosystems at Different Altitudes in the Alps

Author

Jacot, Katja A., Lüscher, Andreas, Suter, Matthias, Nösberger, Josef, Hartwig, Ueli A., Jacot, Katja A., Lüscher, Andreas, Suter, Matthias, Nösberger, Josef, and Hartwig, Ueli A.

Abstract

The composition of plant species in grassland communities is determined in part by negative and positive interactions among neighbouring plants; such interactions could be dispersal or - in the case of legumes - symbiotic N2 fixation or resource acquisition. We hypothesised that small scale distribution of plant species may be in part affected by (i) the plant's narrow dispersal in the close neighbourhood, (ii) by the N input into the soil through symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes, and (iii) by small scale heterogeneity of N availability in the soil. To address these hypotheses, in four species-rich semi-natural and natural grasslands along an altitudinal gradient from 900 to 2100ma.s.l., the association of species that grew within a radius of 5cm of selected plant species (central plant, CP) was studied. The distribution of the plant species within the plant community was not random and the species composition that grew within a radius of 5cm of a CP varied with altitude. The strength of the association between a CP and its neighbouring species decreased with increasing altitude. The 5cm radius was most dominated by individuals of the same species as the CP, suggesting that narrow dispersal (either through seeds or through vegetative propagates) may be most important for the species composition within the sward. δ15N values of non leguminous species growing near legumes compared to non leguminous species that grew far from legumes indicate that N from symbiotic N2 fixation may be another factor influencing the association of plant species. Effects of small scale heterogeneity in apparent N availability in the soil were detected to be the least important for the species composition

43. Global synthesis of the effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield

Author

Albrecht, Matthias, primary, Kleijn, David, additional, Williams, Neal, additional, Tschumi, Matthias, additional, Blaauw, Brett, additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Campbell, Alistair, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Drummond, Frank, additional, Entling, Martin, additional, Ganser, Dominik, additional, Groot, Arjen De, additional, Goulson, David, additional, Grab, Heather, additional, Hamilton, Hannah, additional, Herzog, Felix, additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Jacot, Katja, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Jonsson, Mattias, additional, Knop, Eva, additional, Kremen, Claire, additional, Landis, Doug, additional, Loeb, Greg, additional, Marini, Lorenzo, additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Morandin, Lora, additional, Pfister, Sonja, additional, Potts, Simon, additional, f, Maj Rundl, additional, as, Hillary Sardi, additional, Sciligo, Amber, additional, Thies, Carsten, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Venturini, Eric, additional, Veromann, Eve, additional, Vollhardt, Ines, additional, ckers, Felix W, additional, Ward, Kimiora, additional, Wilby, Andrew, additional, Woltz, Megan, additional, Wratten, Steve, additional, and Sutter, Louis, additional

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44. Einfluss von Samenmischungen für Bunt- und Rotationsbrachen auf die Vegetationsentwicklung, den Samenvorrat und die N Dynamik im Boden

Author

Eggenschwiler, Lisa, Edwards, Peter J., Jacot, Katja, and Stamp, Peter

Subjects
SUKZESSION + VEGETATIONSDYNAMIK (PFLANZENSOZIOLOGIE), NITROGEN + NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (SOIL CHEMISTRY), BRACHEN + FLÄCHENSTILLEGUNG + STILLGELEGTES AGRARLAND (LANDWIRTSCHAFT), STICKSTOFF + STICKSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN (BODENCHEMIE), Agriculture, SOIL NITROGEN CYCLE (SOIL MICROBIOLOGY), FALLOW + LAND DIVERSION + ABANDONED FARMLAND (AGRICULTURE), SUCCESSION + VEGETATION DYNAMICS (PLANT SOCIOLOGY), ddc:580, AUSSAAT UND ANPFLANZEN IM ALLGEMEINEN (LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHE ARBEITEN), Botanical sciences, STICKSTOFFKREISLAUF DES BODENS (BODENMIKROBIOLOGIE), ddc:630, SOIL SEED BANKS (BOTANY), SAMENBANKEN IM BODEN (BOTANIK), SOWING AND PLANTING IN GENERAL (AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS)
Published
2003

45. Flower Mapping in Grasslands With Drones and Deep Learning.

Author

Gallmann J, Schüpbach B, Jacot K, Albrecht M, Winizki J, Kirchgessner N, and Aasen H

Abstract

Manual assessment of flower abundance of different flowering plant species in grasslands is a time-consuming process. We present an automated approach to determine the flower abundance in grasslands from drone-based aerial images by using deep learning (Faster R-CNN) object detection approach, which was trained and evaluated on data from five flights at two sites. Our deep learning network was able to identify and classify individual flowers. The novel method allowed generating spatially explicit maps of flower abundance that met or exceeded the accuracy of the manual-count-data extrapolation method while being less labor intensive. The results were very good for some types of flowers, with precision and recall being close to or higher than 90%. Other flowers were detected poorly due to reasons such as lack of enough training data, appearance changes due to phenology, or flowers being too small to be reliably distinguishable on the aerial images. The method was able to give precise estimates of the abundance of many flowering plant species. In the future, the collection of more training data will allow better predictions for the flowers that are not well predicted yet. The developed pipeline can be applied to any sort of aerial object detection problem., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gallmann, Schüpbach, Jacot, Albrecht, Winizki, Kirchgessner and Aasen.)

Published
2022
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