Search

As acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a crucial role in advancing Alzheimer's disease (AD), its inhibition is a promising approach for treating AD. Sulindac is an NSAID of the aryl alkanoic acid class, consisting of a indene moiety, which showed neuroprotective behavior in recent studies. In this study, newer Indene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition. Additionally, compared with donepezil as the standard drug, these Indene analogs were accessed for their cell line-based toxicity study on SH-SY5Y cell line. The molecule SD-30, having hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at para-position, showed maximum AChE inhibition potential (IC50 13.86 ± 0.163 µM) in the indene series. Further, the SD-30 showed maximum BuChE inhibition potential (IC50 = 48.55 ± 0.136 µM) with a selectivity ratio of 3.50 and reasonable antioxidant properties compared to ascorbic acid (using DPPH assay). SD-30 (at a dose level: of 10 µM, 20 µM) effectively inhibited AChE-induced Aβ aggregation and showed no significant toxicity up to 30 mM against SH-SY5Y cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is a constant threat to human health because it causes an excessive production of free radicals, most notably reactive oxygen species, which are toxic to DNA, RNA, and proteins. The accumulation of free radicals in humans has been linked to cancer, inflammation, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the ageing process. Antioxidants have been shown to reduce oxidative damage and lower the chance of developing chronic diseases, earning them the term "free radical scavengers" of the human body. It is possible to use indoles, which are heterocyclic compounds, in treatments since they are antioxidants. In the last few years, new approaches have been developed using indole derivatives to counteract the damage produced by free radical generation. The goal of this investigation was to use the indole scaffold to create novel antioxidant candidates. In this investigation, A new series of 5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-(substituted benzylidene) acetohydrazide derivatives were produced in good yields in an effective manner. The elemental analysis and spectrum data completely characterized all of the substances. Using a computational method, we predicted these analogs' binding modalities and pharmacokinetic properties. The biological activities of these substances were predicted using the ADMET prediction programme Molinspiration before any experimental lab activity could begin. The DPPH technique then measures antioxidant activity. In addition, the DPPH assay confirmed that all of the samples had antioxidant properties that were superior to those of ascorbic acid. The highest levels of antioxidant activity were seen for a compound that had a para-dimethylaminophenyl substitution. An in silico ADMET, Swiss ADME, oxygen scavenging potential assisted to derive effective neuroprotective for the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical method development for herbs and their formulation need to develop in order to standardize the herbal formulations and their phytoconstittuents. There are various available herbal formulations in the market to be used by the patient and their analytical parameters need to be developed. In the present investigation ellagic acid and gallic acid in herbal capsule using UV spectroscopy in raw material and marketed capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present High Performance liquid chromatographic method is to determine Atenolol and Indapamide from its formulation. Various experiments were carried out to establish the method. The mobile phase was methanol: water (55:45) with 0.1% v/v of Ammonium Hydroxide is found to be ideal for the estimation of Atenolol and Indapamide. The elution order was as followed (Atenolol - 7.5min, Indapamide - 8.9 min). The values of linearity, Precision and standard deviation show that the proposed method was reproducible, accurate and precise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present investigation is to study Stability Indicating Assay for Simultaneous Estimation of Aspirin and Omeprazole in Bulk by Validated RP-HPLC Method. The max of the two ingredients i.e. Aspirin and Omeprazole, were found to be 240 nm and 270 nm respectively in mobile phase as solvent system. The isobestic point for the drugs was observed at 288 nm. 10 mg of Aspirin and Omeprazole was weighed accurately and transferred into 100 ml volumetric flask. About 10 ml versatile phases was inserted and sonicated to dissolution. The volume was made up to the mark with same solvent. The different HPLC conditions were employed to conclude out the optimum condition for superior extraction of drugs. Linearity range was observed as 0-60 µg/ml for Aspirin. The correlation coefficient was observed as 0.999, the slope was found to be 11904 and intercept was observed as 12043 for Aspirin. Linearity range was observed as 0-40 µg/ml for Omeprazole. The correlation coefficient was observed as 0.999, the slope was observed as 15639 and intercept was observed as 2119 for Omeprazole. The mean recoveries were observed as 100.41, 100.66 and 100.963% for Aspirin and 100.75, 100.59 and 100.05% for Omeprazole. As results are within the limit of 98-102%, the approach developed passes the test and hence can be reused. Based on spike purity results, acquired from the investigation of specimens utilizing depict approach, it can be finalized that due to lack of co-eluting spike along with the main spike of Aspirin & Omeprazole showed that the developed method is specific for the synchronal calculation of Aspirin & Omeprazole in the bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new quantitative densitometric High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic method was developed and validated for the analysis ranolazine in formulations. Ranolazine the formulations was separated and identified on a silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with Butanol: Acetic acid: Water (6:2:2 v/v), as mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at =195 nm by reflectance scanning, which facilitated well-resolved band for the main drug (Rf 0.56+0.02). Response to ranolazine was a linear function of concentration in the range of 100- 400ng, with a correlation coefficient, slope and intercept of 0.99912±0.00017, 8.684±0.582 and 492.147±2.67 respectively. The minimum amount of ranolazine that could be authentically detected and quantified was 14.90 and 49.67 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, economic, selective, precise and accurate stability-indicating RPHPLC method for the analysis of "Beclomenthasone Dipropionate (BD) an anti inflammatory in its formulation was developed and validated in the present study. Here Neomycin Sulphate (NS) in the ointment is one of a class of aminoglycoside antibiotic that lack a good UV absorbing chromophore, therefore difficult to determine using RP-HPLC with absorbance detection. So Microbiological assay is the best option for their determination. RP-HPLC for Beclomethasone Dipropionate was performed on a Kromosil C18, 5µ, 15cm x 4.6mm column. The mobile phase consist a mixture of ACN: WFI: Methanol: Glacial Acetic Acid: Triethylamine (55: 40: 5: 1: 0.1 v/v). This was found to give sharp peak of Beclomethasone Dipropionate at a wavelength of 235nm with a flow rate of 1.2ml/min. the linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with a regression coefficient 0.999. The linear regression equation was Y= 64760x - 1875. Linearity was found in the range of 5-15 µg/ml. the accuracy (%recovery) was found to be in the range of 99.07 - 99.85%. NS was performed on the culture medium of the (Recoiorery) linearity was found in the range of 5-15 µg/ml. the accuracy (% recovery) was found to be in the range of 99.07 - 99.85%. NS was performed on the culture medium of agar was composed of 20 Ml Grove-Randall's 1 culture medium (Difco) that was poured into a 100 x 20 mm Petri dish used for inhibit the strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with a regression coefficient 0.998. The linear regression equation was y = 2.401x - 0.001. Linearity was found in the range of 2.5 - 15 µg/ml. The accuracy (% revcovery) was found to be in the range of 98.49 - 99.03 %. BD and NS were subjected to stress conditi0on0s including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. BD and NS were more sensitive towards acidic degradation. The method was validated as per ICH guideline. The method was validated for accuracy, precsion, robustness, specificity. The proposed methods can be used successfully for routine analysis of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BD) by HPLC and Neomycin Sulphate (NS) by Microbiological assay in ointment form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work studied the effect of concentration of polymer that was HPMC on the drug release and the effect of different concentration of osmogens on the drug release. In each formulation the drug and the polymer were weight, mix and then granules was prepared by wet granulation method. After the compression the tablet it was coated with the help of coating agent and pore forming agent are incorporated in the coating solution for the development of pore when they are come in coated with the GIT fluid and solvents are used as a vehicle for the preparation of coating solution. And then the dried blends are compressed with the help of excipients. Then the tablet was evaluated for the hardness, thickness, drug content uniformity, in vitro drug release for 16 hrs. And it observed that F6 formulation was the best formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naproxen sodium is an analgesic NSAIDs (Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) used for the treatment of pain, inflammation, fever and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, gout, migraine and dysmenorrhea. However the gastric discomfort caused by drug results in poor patient compliance associated with its conventional dosage forms. So the rational of this investigation was to develop mouth dissolving tablets of Naproxen sodium using various polymers which offers quick onset of action of drug and minimizes the problem of gastric discomfort associated with it. Thus improves patient's compliance, generates rapid response, enhances bio-availability and also reduce the dose of drug. Mouth dissolving tablets of naproxen sodium were prepared from wet granulation method. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, friability, hardness, weight variation, wetting time, disintegrating time and in vitro dissolution studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation of this study was to develop Captopril SR matrix tablets that provide complete drug release that starts in the stomach to rapidly alleviate the symptoms and continues in the intestine to maintain its effect. Drug-polymer compatibility studies by FTIR gave confirmation about their purity and showed no interaction between drug and selected polymers. Various formulations were developed by using release rate controlling and gel-forming polymers like HPMC K100, ethyl cellulose and sodium CMC by direct compression method. Cellulose derivatives have been widely used in the formulation of hydrophilic matrix tablet for sustained drug delivery. From among all the developed formulations, F7 formulation sustained the drug release for longer period of time as compared to other formulations. So, F7 was selected as the best formulation. The best formulation was found to be stable during stability studies for two months. Thus, best formulation satisfied physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release profile requirements for a sustained drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RP-HPLC method was developed for evaluation of Olanzapine in pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was conducted by using mobile phase consisting of buffer (KH2PO4): acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40.The wavelength was found at 257.0nm and it is freely soluble in 0.1 NHCL, methanol, acetonitrile and benzene and slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol. The linearity of method was investigated in the range of 5-25 μg/ml and R.S.D was found 1.994. The aim of this research study was to develop and validate simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and cost effective RP-HPLC method for quantitative evaluation of Olanzapine drugs and to develop a validated Stability Indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of Olanzapine drug in pharmaceutical formulations which are critical for the quality control laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research paper is to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets of OndasetronHCl by direct compression method. The oral route of drug administration is that the most vital method for administering drugs for systemic effects. For rapid dissolution of dosage, water must rapidly penetrate into the tablet matrix to cause quick disintegration and instantaneous dissolution may be a fundamental to formulate ODT. Oro-dispersible tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride are prepared by direct compression method. The formulation 75% of super disintegrate (i.e) Starch Glycolate and Cross Povidone, Ac Di Sol & Microcrystalline Cellulose pH102 has shown best release with 99.46% at the top of 30 minutes the bubbling mixture further assists in taste masking of Ondansetron hydrochloride. Consistent with IR studies there's no incompatibility shown. The formulation found stable at 40°C±2°C and 75%RH±5%RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) family Araceae, known as bhasamkand is an perennial herb. The herb grows widely during rainy season. The plant is widely distributed in the moist area of Punjab plains, Upper Gangetic plain, Dehradun, Budelkhand, Chota Nagpur, Tirhut, Konkan, Deccan and Madhya Pradesh. Tubers are the main part of the plant, used in treatment of various ailments. Present investigation deals with formulation of herbal cream containing alcoholic extract of Sauromatum guttatum (Wall.) tuber. Seven different batches F1 to F7 were formulated using different proportion of excipients. The formulated batches were evaluated for their physical characteristics, spreadibility, drug content, drug release and stability studies. The result indicates that the formulation code, F5 is showing better results as compared to other formulation codes. Anti-fungal activity of optimized herbal cream was determined and was reported in present paper, also further clinical efficacy required to establish for optimized formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroretentive drug delivery is one of the targeted strategy for prolonging gastric residence time, in management of peptic ulcer along with optimizing site-specific drug release for local or systemic impact in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Many gastroretentive drug delivery methods have been designed and developed over the last few decades. In present research, we have developed oral sustained release in-situ floating gel as a carrier for stomach specific delivery of anti Nizatidine (NZD). NZD is an antagonist of histamine H2-receptor. It is used commonly in severe duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers, ulcerative esophagitis, heartburn. Nevertheless, the recent failure of proton pump inhibitors to suppress nighttime gastric acid spike (related to high nocturnal histamine concentration) and side effects from other H2-receptor antagonists (gyanacomastia) open a new path to NZD delivery at specific times in relation to symptom onset. Around 10 batches (F1-F10) were formulated and were subjected to determination of f2 value, viscosity (cps), gel strength (dyne/cm2), pH, drug content and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study. In-vivo investigations demonstrated that there was a marked difference in the reduction of ulcer index and volume of gastric acid secretion from nizatidine in situ gelling formulation (for optimized batch F6) when compared with the plain nizatidine solution (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.001). So, an effective oral sustained release in-situ floating gel as a carrier for stomach specific delivery of anti Nizatidine were formulated and evaluated successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroretentive drug delivery is one of the main methods for prolonging gastric occupancy, peptic ulcer control and site-specific medication release enhancement for local or systemic effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Several approaches for the distribution of gastroretentive drugs have been planned and developed over the last few decades. We also developed oral sustained release in-situ floating gel as a carrier for the transmission of anti-nizatidine (NZD) unique to the stomach in present work. NZD is histamine H2-receptor antagonist. This is usually seen in extreme duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers, heartburn, ulcerative esophagitis. Nonetheless, the recent inability of proton pump inhibitors to counteract the increase in gastric acid at night (related to elevated production in histamine at night) and side effects from certain H2 receptor antagonists (gyanacomastia) open up a different route to NZD transmission at particular periods in relation to the initiation of symptoms. Approximately 10 lots (F1-F10) were formulated and subjected to determination of f2 performance, viscosity (cps), gel strength (dyne / cm2), pH, product quality, and pharmacokinetic in vivo research. In-vivo experiments revealed a significant difference in the reduction of the ulcer index and the amount of gastric acid secretion from the formulation of nizatidine in situ gelling (for optimized batch F6) relative to the nizatidine solution (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.001). As a result, an efficient oral sustained release in-situ floating gel was developed and tested effectively as a carrier for stomach-specific distribution of anti Nizatidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In novel drug delivery systems, transdermal route is considered most safe and effective due to several advantages such as predictable and extended duration of action, avoidance of first pass metabolism, lesser side effects etc. However it has also got certain limitations like incompetence to overcome barriers of stratum corneum, unable to transport larger molecules and many more. To overcome all these problems, transfersomes came into existence as they possess the quality of other transdermal drug delivery systems but at the same time can also cross the barrier with ease. These transfersomes being an ultradeformable vesicle and elastic in nature can squeeze itself through a pore which is many times smaller than its size owing to its elasticity. Hence among various vesicular systems, transfersomes have gained enormous importance in the last decade for sustained and targeted drug delivery. Knowing the potentiality of this novel vesicular drug delivery system, main focus has been given in this article towards reviewing all key aspects of a transfersomes through various literatures, along with its applications for delivery of various substances such as herbal drugs, proteins, NSAID’s etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of Angiopep-2 anchored PEGylated Poly propyleneimine (PPI) dendrimers for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to the brain glioma. PPI dendrimers were synthesized and modified with PEG-2000 for surface neutralization. PEGylated PPI dendrimers were further conjugated with Angiopep-2 (ANG-PEG-PPP) for improved drug delivery across blood brain barrier (BBB) into the vicinity of brain glioma. Ligand conjugated PPI dendrimers were loaded with Paclitaxel (PAPP) and characterized for size, percentage drug loading, cumulative drug release and cell line studies. Drug loading was found to be 57.42±0.8% while in vitro release profile depicted an initial burst release followed by zero order kinetics (46.8±0.8% in 24hr). MTT assay and cellular uptake studies on PAPP dendrimers demonstrated an enhanced antiproliferative activity against C6 glioma cells. Targeting potential of PAPP was evaluated using in vitro co culture model of BCECs and C6 glioma cells. Our study concludes, Angiopep-2 conjugated PEGylated PPI dendrimers as a promising nanocarrier for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to the brain glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM- The main of study is to evaluate the In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of flowers of Tridex procumbens. Material & Methods-Successive solvent extraction method was followed for extraction by using different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol and water. Preliminary phytochemical screening method was performed for the presence of different phytoconstituents. For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory method were performed. Diclofenac sodium was used as standard. Result- Among all the extracts, methanolic extract of Tridex procumbens showed 80.23% inhibition. The petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanolic and water extract had shown the 12.23, 23.33, 20.45 and 36.20% inhibition respectively at 500 μg/ml concentration. The Diclofenac sodium showed 83.28 % inhibition against denaturation of protein. The different extracts were evaluated by using this method. Methanolic extract of Tridex procumbens showed 74.50% inhibition at 500 μg/ml. The petroleum ether, chloroform, nbutanolic and water extracts had shown the 30.16%, 41.22%, 43.28% and 31.97% inhibition respectively at 500 μg/ml. The Diclofenac sodium showed 79.21% inhibition against proteinase inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml. Conclusion- Besides from the obvious therapeutic importance, methanolic extract would be useful in understanding the mechanism of diseases with higher levels of cellular and molecular level. These components could serve as lead molecules for development of prospective anti-arthritic agents. Further detailed studies are required to isolate the active phytoconstituents from methanolic extract which is responsible for anti-arthritic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim- The main of the study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of different extracts of stem bark of Alstonia scholaris. Material & Methods- Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods according to polarity of solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screenings were performed for the presence of various active phytochemicals. For the dose determination of different extracts, an OECD guideline was used and 200, 400 mg/kg were used for activity. for immunomodulatory activity, SRBC, phagocytic index and cyclophosphamide model were used. Result- The cell-mediated immune response of different extracts of Alstonia scholaris were assessed by DTH reaction, i.e. foot pad reaction. The chloroform and methanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris produced a significant, doserelated increase in DTH reactivity in rats. Chloroform and methanolic extracts (400 mg/kg) showed highest phagocytic index 6.44±0.57 & 6.67±0.48 respectively. The phagocytic index of control (group I) was 3.78±0.22. In case of cyclophosphamide induced myelosupression, there was decrease in the WBCs count in the control group. In treatment groups, the RBCs, HB and WBC count was found to be increased with p<0 .01 and p< 0.001 at 200 & 400 mg/kg dose respectively on 11th day. Conclusion-On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it can be concluded that stem bark of Alstonia scholaris had the potential to stimulate the humoral immune response and cell-mediated immune response and it may be a potential candidate in several immuno-suppressed clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim- The main aim of the study is to evaluate the Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of Centella asiatica in diabetic animals. Material & Methods- Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ in normal animals and diabetes was confirmed by glucose oxidation methods. The treatments of different extracts were given from third day to 21st day and at the end of 22nd day, blood sample was withdrawn and different lipid level was determined. Result- Among all the extracts, dichloromethane extracts showed significantly activity in reducing blood glucose level and decreased the VLDL, LDL, TC, Triglycerides and significantly increased the HDL-C level. Conclusion- The results obtained in this study have shown that dichloromethane extract shown significant Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity. Further detailed studies are required to isolate the active phytoconstituents by bioactivity guided isolation techniques responsible for anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic activity. The present findings are significant for the development of alternative, inexpensive and safer therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Later it was detected and named as Covid-19 that occurred due to a newly found strain of Coronavirus and declared as global pandemic by WHO on 11th February 2020. The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed approx 371857 peoples so far in all over the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19 common symptoms of which are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Other symptoms that are less common and may affect some patients include aches and pains, nasal congestion, headache, conjunctivitis, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of taste or smell or a rash on skin or discoloration of fingers or toes. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected but only have very mild symptoms. In response to the rapidly increasing number of emerging infected peoples due to the Covid-19, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research which subject to make people more aware along with providing some precautions that may help them to remain safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level. The traditional healers have used this plant as remedy to control blood glucose level. The present study was carried out to investigate hypoglycemic effect of the whole plant of Alternanthera Pungens Kunth against Alloxan induced hyperglycemia in rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by an injection of Alloxan Monohydrate 150 mg/kg (i.p.). After 72 hr, the rats having Blood Glucose Level (BGL) above 150 mg/dl were selected for the investigation. The two different doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.) were observed for antidiabetic effect. BGL was monitored and compared with Metformin (250 mg/kg). Oral administration of both extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After 21 days of treatment with ethanolic extract at dose of 400 mg/kg, the Blood Glucose Level (BGL) decrease from 268.34 to 104.68 mg/dl while the reduction in BGL by aqueous extract at same dose from 269.46 to 114.38 mg/dl was observed. The ethanolic and aqueous extract reveals the reduction in the blood glucose level, this may be due to the presence of flavonoids constituents. The present study supports the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes and contributes as evidence for their use in traditional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In last two decade, several drug dosage forms came into existence for the patient’s welfare and care. In general terms, the dosage form denotes the methods of entry or delivery of pharmaceutical products into a human beings or any other biological system. It may also known as the forms in which the pharmaceutical products are being made available in the markets for their therapeutic effects. However the dosage form has broad range but specific delivery methods includes oral drugs, injectables or “parenteral” drugs, topical drugs, inhaled drugs, and mucosal drugs, as classified in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Apart from conventional dosage form, several novel drug delivery systems are also getting people’s interest because of their additional benefits such as targeting potential and controlled drug release etc. This main emphasis of this review article is on several types of traditional models of dosage form and their types and importance, along with basic introduction of novel drug delivery systems like implants, microspheres, transdermal drug delivery system, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]