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Isovitexin, a marker compound with various pharmacological activities, in Lespedeza cuneata, was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV (HPLC/UV). There are no previous reports on using L. cuneata as the source material for the quantification of isovitexin. In this study, we developed an optimized method using HPLC-UV analysis, which was validated using various parameters. Our method demonstrated high specificity, and good separation of the chromatographic peak was achieved. Parameters such as linearity (r2>0.9997), precision, and accuracy indicated that our proposed analytical method had good reliability and sensitivity. These results demonstrate the utility and convenience of our method for rapidly quantifying isovitexin in L. cuneata extracts.

The aim of this research was to investigate the industrial application of Anthriscus sylvestris. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of A. sylvestris were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Helicobacter pylori. The n-hexane and MC fractions showed a stronger antibacterial activity against S. aureus than other fractions, with an inhibition zone greater than 11 mm in disc assays. At 100 μg·mL−1, all fractions extracted from A. sylvestris scavenged more than 85% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH); however, the n-hexane and MC fractions showed the strongest scavenging activity of DPPH and ·OH. In addition, we found that treatment with the n-hexane and MC fractions inhibited the growth of H. pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Further testing of falcarindiol and deoxypodophyllotoxin from the MC fraction of A. sylvestris revealed the antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori, suggesting their potential use as antibacterial agents.

We investigated the effect of extracts(50 µg/mL) from 31 folk plants in Ulleung Island on nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Actinidia arguta (leaf, twig), Hovenia dulcis (leaf), Camellia japonica (leaf, twig), Sambucus sieboldiana var . pendula (leaf, twig) and Fallopia sachalinensis (root) showed significant NO inhibition activity(42%~88% NO inhibition rate). Of them, we selected 3 samples( A. arguta, H. dulcis and C. japonica ) showing more than 50% NO inhibition activity and little effect on cell viability. We found that the extracts suppressed the NO and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) produced by LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in dose-dependent manners. Key words - Actinidia arguta , Hovenia dulcis , Camellia japonica , Nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E 2 * 교신저자(E-mail): jjku@forest.go.kr ⓒ 본 학회지의 저작권은 (사)한국자원식물학회지에 있으며, 이의 무단전재나 복제를 금합니다. 서 언 최근 세계 각국에서는 자국의 자생식물에 대한 전통지식을 기반으로 활용하는 민속식물에 관한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 특히 2010년 일본 나고야에서 개최된 생물다양성협약에서 유전자원과 전통지식의 접근 및 이익분배에 관한 나고야의정서가 채택되는 등, 전통지식을 공유하고, 나아가 민속식물의 유용성 탐색을 통한 소재식물의 발굴 및 개발이 절실히 필요한 실정이다 . 이에 관한 국내의 연구는 경기도 내륙 남부, 경상북도 내륙 및 울릉도, 경상남도 내륙, 강원도 남부, 강원도 북부 등 한반도 전역에서 민속식물 이용 정보를 수집 및 발굴하였다(Choi et al., 2010; Chung et al., 2010; Chung et al., 2011; Im et al., 2011; Jeong et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012). 따라서 이를 활용한 건강기능 제품 및 의약품분야에 폭넓게 활용 될 수 있는 기능성 소재를 탐색하는 것이 필요한 실정이다 . 기능성 분야 연구는 매우 다양화되고 있는데, 그 중 염증으로 인한 질병을 예방 또는 치료하는 데 목적을 둔 항염증 소재 연구도 한 부분을 차지하고 있다.염증 반응은 외상이나 세균의 침입으로 인해 손상된 조직에 대한 생체 조직의 국소적 방어반응이다 . 염증 반응이 일어나면 여러 가지 염증매개인자들이 만들어지는 데 이로 인하여 통증, 발열, 홍반, 부종 및 기능 상실 등의 증상이 나타난다(Sarkar and Fisher, 2006; Fierro and Serhan, 2001; Park et al., 2007). 대식세포는 숙주의 항상성 유지와 같이 여러 종류의 숙주 반응에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E

The phenolic compounds (quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) in chwinamul were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The phenolic compounds were quantified using a reverse-phase column with an elution program of an initial solvent gradient of H2O:ACN = 75:25 for 40 min, then 50:50 for 20 min, and finally 20:80 for 10 min. UV monitoring was at 330 nm. The most abundant phenolic compounds in chwinamul (Saussurea grandifolia stem, Synulus excelsus flower, and Aster pilosus) were quercitrin (18.57 mg·g−1), isoquercitrin (44.67 mg·g−1), and 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (78.25 mg·g−1), respectively. The quantitative data and the HPLC method established in the present study could be used for rapid evaluation of the quantities of phenolic compounds in chwinamul.

This study was carried out in order to catalogue the folk plants of 5 counties and cities of Chungcheongbuk-do Province from March to October, 2011. 429 pages of field notes relating to the folk plants were collected from approximately 92 local inhabitants and analyzed subsequently. The identified folk plants were of 173 taxa, composed of 150 species, 1 subspecies, 22 varieties and 129 genera under 56 families. Naturalized plants were included.The use by its usage was: 349 taxa; edible, 68 taxa; medicinal, 2 taxa; dye, 1 taxa; aroma, 4 taxa; spice, 1, taxa; ornamental, 3 taxa; oil, 1 taxa; starch, 18 taxa; others respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by stem, and whole plant. The consistency comparison between the scientific name and the local name were the highest in the 50's and the lowest in 90's. Key words - Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Folk plants, Scientific name, Local name * 교신저자(E-mail): idec5974@semyung.ac.kr

This study was carried out in order to catalogue the folk plants of 7 counties and cities of northern region of Chungcheongbuk-do from March to October, 2011. Based on the 626 survey sheets collected from 67 residents at 17 places of 7 counties and were subsequently analysed. The identified folk plants in the northern region of Chungcheongbuk-do consisted of a total 348 taxa; 98 families, 250 genera, 298 species, 5 subspecies, 38 varieties, and 7 forms. The use by its usage were: 223 taxa; edible, 123 taxa; medicinal, 4 taxa; dye, 2 taxa; aroma, 6 taxa; spice, 32 taxa; ornamental, 11 taxa; oil, 4 taxa; starch, 22 taxa; and others, respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by fruit and root. The consistency comparison between the scientific and the local name were the highest in the 50"s and the lowest in 80"s.

The aim of this research was to investigate theantibacterial activity of Clerodendron trichotomum. Antibacterialactivities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate,and n-butanol fractions from C. trichotomum were tested againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori.The n-hexane and MC fractions showed antibacterial activityagainst H. pylori at a concentration of 1.7 mg/mL and showedinhibition zones of 10 and 11 mm in disc assay, respectively.Further testing of 22-dehydroclerosterol and β-amyrin (each 3.4mg/mL) from the MC fraction of C. trichotomum revealedmoderate antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H.pylori. In particular, β-amyrin showed clear zones of 12 and 13mm against E. coli and H. pylori, respectively, suggesting itspotential as an antibacterial agent. The active compounds from C.trichotomum might provide a promising therapeutic agent againstinfections by E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori.Keywords antibacterial activity ·β-amyrin · Clerodendron trichotomum · 22-dehydroclerosterolIntroductionVarious pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus are responsible for infectious diseases. E.coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections and bacteremiain humans, and is frequently resistant to aminopenicillins, such asamoxicillin and ampicillin (Allen et al., 1999; Karlowsky et al.,2002; Landgren et al., 2005). In addition, S. aureus is a commoncause of infection in hospitalized patients (Westh et al., 2004). Theouter cell membranes of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coliare known to be covered with a lipopolysaccharide layer 1–3 µmin thickness, while the surfaces of Gram-positive bacteria such asS. aureus have a peptidoglycan layer, to which teichoic acid,teichuronic acid, and proteins are covalently bound (Sonohara etal., 1995). Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, invokespro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mechanisms that may lead tochronic conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer.The clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is beingthreatened by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens(Bandow et al., 2003). Plant products, either as pure compoundsor as standardized extracts, provide promising opportunities fornew anti-infective drugs. There is an urgent need to discover newantimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures andnovel mechanisms of action for use in the treatment of new andre-emerging infectious diseases (Rojas et al., 2003). Therefore,researchers are increasingly turning their attention to naturalproducts as a source for new and better antimicrobial drugs(Benkeblia, 2004; Kang et al., 2005).Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb., whose Japanese name isKusagi and which belongs to the Verbenaceae family, grows wildin the fields and mountains of Korea, Japan, and China (Inchi etal., 1996; Lee, 1996). C. trichotomum is a deciduous shrub, growing10−15' tall in warmer climates and regarded as an herbaceousperennial in cold northern climates. While in flower or whilefruiting it is quite beautiful, but is not very appealing otherwise, asit tends to die back and appear unkempt. It tends to flower in thesummer time, producing white, 1 1/2"-wide flowers in clusteredcymes, 6−9" across. The fruit is a small bright blue drupe framedby a reddish leathery calyx. The dried leaf and stem of C.trichotomum, known as ‘Chou Wu Tong’, exhibits diverse

The aim of this research was to investigate the industrialapplication of Sedum sarmentosum. Antibacterial activities of then-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanolfractions of S. sarmentosum were tested against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, and Helicobacter pylori. The MC fractionshowed the strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli, with aninhibition zone greater than 13 mm in disc assays. At 100 µg/mL,all fractions scavenged more than 50% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). In particular,the MC fraction showed the strongest scavenging activity againstDPPH and ·OH. In addition, we found that treatment with the MCfraction inhibited the growth of H. pylori and gastric adenocarcinomacells. The present results suggest that the MC fraction of S.sarmentosum would play the promising protective role againstpathogenic bacteria and free radicals.Keywords antibacterial · anticancer · antioxidant · free radical ·Sedum sarmentosum서론의학기술의 발달로 평균 수명이 연장되어 인구가 노령화된 반면, 식습관의 변화와 운동부족으로 각종 암, 고혈압 등 순환기계질환과 당뇨병, 간장 장애 등 만성 퇴행성 질환이 급증하고있다(NSOK, 2011). 이에 따라 여러 측면에서 노화억제와 건강유지를 위한 생리활성 물질에 대한 연구가 미생물과 식물분야에서 광범위하게 연구되고 있다(Goldberg, 1994; Sadaki, 1996).특히 H

Five Korean Calanthe species, C. discolor, C. bicolor, C. sieboldii, C. reflexa, and C. aristulifera, were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to assess their taxonomic and genetic rela- tionships. Sixteen accessions belonging to five native Calanthe spp. and mutants with yellow tepal and white lip (YW mutants) were studied. We identified 50 putative markers using AFLP analysis. The results of AMOVA showed that genetic variance was higher between species than within species. Genetic dissimilarity when com- pared with the rest of the species was the lowest for individuals of the YW mutants and the highest for indi- viduals of C. reflexa. The mutants clustered outside the major group. Calanthe bicolor clustered with C. discolor, suggesting that its genetic composition is closer to that of C. discolor. Though it is suggested to have originated as a result of natural hybridization between C. sieboldii and C. discolor, introgression is likely to have occurred in the direction of C. discolor based on the data of molecular marker, clustering and genetic dissim- ilarity. Calanthe reflexa and C. aristulifera were genetically the most diverse of the species studied. In conclu- sion, the results showed that there is genetic diversity in Korean Calanthe species, that C. bicolor introgressed in the direction of C. discolor and that the YW mutants are genetically closer to C. sieboldii.

To search for the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors from Korean folk plants, the inhibition of rat lens AR in vitro using the methanol (MeOH) extracts from Korean folk plants was investigated. Among fifty four Korean folk plants tested, the MeOH extract of Cedrela sinensis showed highest inhibition of AR (IC 50 value, 2.52 μg/ml). The plant C. sinensis has a possibility of new natural resources for the development of AR inhibitor for the prevention of diabetic complications. Key words : Aldose reductase inhibition, Cedrela sinensis , Diabetic complications, Folk plant *Corresponding author: Tel: +82-31-670-4688E-mail address: slee@cau.ac.kr I. Introduction Folk plants are traditional plants widely known among the people in daily life for food, disease remedy, and personal preference for a long time. The use of tradi-tional medicine has been expanded globally and gaining popularity during last decade. It has been estimated that about 20,000 plant species are used for medicinal purposes throughout the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report (2002), 70% of the world population use medicinal plants for curing diseases through their traditional practitioners. In sub-continent, plant oriented drugs are used extensively and from a very long time. According to a survey conducted by WHO, traditional healers treat 65% patients in Srilanka, 60% in Indonesia, 75% in Nepal, 85% in Myanmar, 80% in India, and 90% in Bangladesh. In Pakistan, 60% of the population, especially in villages is getting health care by traditional practitioners, who prescribe herbal preparations (Hamayun et al., 2006). Developed countries are turning to the use of traditional medicinal systems that involve the use of herbal drugs and remedies. About 1,400 herbal preparations are used widely, according to a recent survey in Member States of the European Union. Herbal preparations are popular and are of significance in primary healthcare in Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Such popularity of healthcare plant-derived products has been traced to their increasing acceptance and use in the cosmetic industry as well as to increasing public costs in the daily maintenance of personal health and well-being (Hoareau and da Silva, 1999). Like the preceding, herbal medicines for disease remedy are an important