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The validity of cross-cultural comparisons of test scores requires that scores have the same meaning across cultures, which is usually tested by checking the invariance of the measurement model across groups. In the last decade, a large number of studies were conducted to verify the equivalence across cultures of the dimensional Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (DSM-5 Section III). These studies have provided information on configural invariance (i.e., the facets that compose the domains are the same) and metric invariance (i.e., facet-domain relationships are equal across groups), but not on the stricter scalar invariance (i.e., the baseline levels of the facets are the same), which is a prerequisite for meaningfully comparing group means. The present study aims to address this gap. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was administered to five samples differing on country and language (Belgium, Catalonia, France, Spain, and Switzerland), with a total of 4,380 participants. Configural and metric invariance were supported, denoting that the model structure was stable across samples. Partial scalar invariance was supported, being minimal the influence of non-invariant facets. This allowed cross-cultural mean comparisons. Results are discussed in light of the sample composition and a possible impact of culture on development of psychopathology, Preparation of this manuscript was supported by Grant PSI2017–85022-P (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion ´ y Universidades, Spain) and the UAM-IIC Chair "Psychometric Models and Applications"

Introduction: The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders (PD) are largely commensurate and, when combined, they delineate 6 trait domains: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism/dissociality, disinhibition, anankastia, and psychoticism. Objective: The present study evaluated the international validity of a brief 36-item patient-report measure that portrays all 6 domains simultaneously including 18 primary subfacets. Methods: We developed and employed a modified version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 – Brief Form Plus (PID5BF+). A total of 16,327 individuals were included, 2,347 of whom were patients. The expected 6-factor structure of facets was initially investigated in samples from Denmark (n = 584), Germany (n = 1,271), and the USA (n = 605) and subsequently replicated in both patient- and community samples from Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, the USA, and Brazil. Associations with interview-rated DSM-5 PD categories were also investigated. Results: Findings generally supported the empirical soundness and international robustness of the 6 domains including meaningful associations with familiar interview-rated PD types. Conclusions: The modified PID5BF+ may be employed internationally by clinicians and researchers for brief and reliable assessment of the 6 combined DSM-5 and ICD-11 domains, including 18 primary subfacets. This 6-domain framework may inform a future nosology for DSM-5.1 that is more reasonably aligned with the authoritative ICD-11 codes than the current DSM-5 AMPD model. The 36-item modified PID5BF+ scoring key is provided in online supplementary Appendix A see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000507589 (for all online suppl. material).

The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a widely used clinician-rated measure of depressive severity. Empirical support for the factor structure of the MADRS is mixed; further, the comparison of MADRS scores within and between patients requires the demonstration of consistent instrument properties. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate MADRS factor structure as well as MADRS factorial invariance across time and gender. The MADRS was administered to 821 depressed outpatients participating in a large-scale effectiveness study of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for depression. Treatment outcome did not differ across treatment groups. Factor structure and invariance was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. A four-factor model consisting of Sadness, Negative Thoughts, Detachment and Neurovegetative symptoms demonstrated a good fit to the data. This four-factor structure was invariant across time and gender. A hierarchical model, in which these four factors served as indicators of a general depression factor, was also supported. A limitation of the current study is the lack of comprehensive characterization of patient clinical features; results need to be replicated in more severely depressed or treatment refractory patients. Overall, evidence supported the use of the MADRS total score as well as subscales focused on affective, cognitive, social and somatic aspects of depression in male and female outpatients.

International audience; In this study, we utilized transformed spatial mappings to perturb visuomotor integration in 5-yr-old children and adults. The participants were asked to perform pointing movements under five different conditions of visuomotor rotation (from 0° to 180°), which were designed to reveal explicit vs. implicit representations as well as the mechanisms underlying the visual-motor mapping. Several tests allowed us to separately evaluate sensorimotor (i.e., the dynamic dimension of movement) and cognitive (i.e., the explicit representations of target position and the strategies used by the participants) representations of visuo-proprioceptive distortion. Our results indicate that children do not establish representations in the same manner as adults and that children exhibit multiple visuomotor representations. Sensorimotor representations were relatively precise, presumably due to the recovery of proprioceptive information and efferent copy. Furthermore, a bidirectional mechanism was used to re-map visual and motor spaces. In contrast, cognitive representations were supplied with visual information and followed a unidirectional visual-motor mapping. Therefore, it appears that sensorimotor mechanisms develop before the use of explicit strategies during development, and young children showed impaired visuomotor adaptation when confronted with large distortions.

International audience; In literature, there exists disagreement regarding the impact of comorbid personality disorder(s) (PD[s]) on treatment outcome for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this paper was to investigate whether statistical heterogeneity and inter-dependency are potential moderators of the effect of co-morbid PDs on outcome for patients with MDD. Clinician-rated MADRS scores and DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder diagnoses were obtained from 562 outpatients with MDD who received 6 months of combined psycho- and pharmacotherapy. Single-level regression showed significantly worse treatment outcome among patients with co-morbid PD, as compared to patients with no PD. After controlling for statistical heterogeneity and interdependency, treatment outcome was no longer significantly worse for patients with co-morbid PD. In conclusion, heteroscedasticity and inter-dependency should be considered as potentially compelling explanations for inconsistencies in findings on treatment outcome for depressed patients with co-morbid PDs.

We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N = 5,109) aged 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, eight of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor, but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted.

Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Resume Malgre le tres intense renouveau que l'on a pu observer durant les dix dernieres annees dans le domaine de la psychologie de la personnalite et le tres large interet des chercheurs et des praticiens en psychologie du travail et des organisations pour les methodes d'evaluation de la personnalite, il semble que le champ de la psychologie de la personnalite fasse, a nouveau, l'objet d'intenses critiques. Les critiques classiques reviennent en effet sur le devant de la scene et notamment : 1) la critique relative a la validite externe criterielle qui serait insuffisante, et 2) le caractere falsifiable des reponses aux inventaires de personnalite. Dans ce texte, nous examinons les principaux elements sur lesquels s'appuient ces critiques et nous leur apportons des reponses en envisageant deux perspectives : celle de la recherche et des resultats qu'elle a mis a jour et celle de la psychologie appliquee au monde du travail et des reponses qu'elle peut fournir dans ce domaine. Nous presentons ensuite les elements permettant d'affirmer que les methodes d'evaluation de la personnalite permettent la prediction d'un ensemble de criteres externes tres largement utilises en psychologie du travail et des organisations. Enfin, nous examinons et discutons differentes definitions de la falsification et presentons diverses methodes permettant de faire face a ce phenomene et aux biais qui en resultent. Notre conclusion est la suivante : en psychologie du travail et des organisations, dans les processus d'evaluation des personnes, la personnalite offre une contribution unique et indispensable, et il n'existe pas de construit ou de methode d'evaluation alternative qui fournissent — en complement des tests d'intelligence — de meilleurs resultats dans la prediction de l'efficience au travail.

Both positive presentation management (PPM) and intelligence are considered as factors influencing the variability of personality self-descriptions. The relationship between PPM and intelligence and the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis were examined in a large sample (N 520,183) of job applicants administered the Standard Progressive Matrices and the NEO-PI-R . A composite of 10 NEO-PI-R items served as a PPM marker. Contrary to expectations, PPM and intelligence were not related. Only the variance in openness scores was slightly and linearly associated with IQ, and the variance for neuroticism and extraversion scores was somewhat higher in the IQ range beyond 115. However, congruence and Structural Equation Modelling analyses comparing personality structures for different IQ samples underscored the structural invariance of the NEO-PI-R. It is concluded that the NEO-PI-R keeps its structural properties for individuals across the IQ distribution in selection assessment.

Structural, mean- and individual-level, differential, and ipsative personality continuity were examined in 599 patients treated for major depression assigned to 1 of 6 forms of a 6-month pharmaco-psychotherapy program. Covariation among traits from the Five Factor model remained invariant across treatment, and patients described themselves as slightly more extraverted, open to experience, agreeable and conscientious, and substantially more emotional stable after treatment. Trait changes were only to a small extent explained by changes in depression severity. There was evidence for differential, individual-level, and ipsative stability, with stable personality profiles in terms of shape and to a lesser extent in terms of scatter and elevation. Traits remain relatively stable, except for emotional stability, despite the depressive state and the psychopharmacological interventions.

The present work explores what the domain of maladaptive traits has to offer to the industrial and organizational (I/O) field investigating the incremental validity of maladaptive traits from DSM Axis II to predict negative emotions experienced at work, beyond Five‐Factor Model dimensions. This study was designed to examine the validity of adaptive and maladaptive traits to predict four negative affects (Anger, Fear, Sadness, and Shame) experienced at work in military personnel. The design was longitudinal, including two measurement moments, i.e. prior to and immediately after returning from a peace mission in a foreign country. The four negative affects were largely stable across a six month interval. FFM dimensions substantially explained negative affects experienced six months later, although the variance accounted for varied strongly across affects. In line with previous research, emotional stability was a consistent negative predictor of negative affects at both measurement moments. Two maladaptive traits derived from DSM Axis II (i.e. Borderline and Avoidant) were consistently related to specific negative affects experienced at work. Finally, maladaptive traits did not predict negative affect variance beyond FFM traits. These results are in line with robust findings suggesting that maladaptive trait patterns could be integrated in the five‐factor space, and as a consequence have little or no incremental utility over FFM dimensions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show welldefined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes. Fil: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.. Cornell University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Chan, Wayne. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos Fil: McCrae, Robert R.. No especifíca; Fil: De Fruyt, Filip. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Jussim, Lee. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos Fil: De Bolle, Marleen. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Costa Jr, Paul T.. University of Duke; Estados Unidos Fil: Sutin, Angelina R.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Realo, Anu. University Of Tartu.; Estonia Fil: Allik, Jüri. University Of Tartu.; Estonia. Estonian Academy of Sciences; Estonia Fil: Nakazato, Katsuharu. Tokyo University of Social Welfare; Japón Fil: Shimonaka, Yoshiko. Bunkyo Gakuin University; Japón Fil: Hřebíčková, Martina. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Graf, Sylvie. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Yik, Michelle. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; China Fil: Ficková, Emília. Slovak Academy of Sciences; Eslovaquia Fil: Brunner Sciarra, Marina. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú Fil: Leibovich, Nora Blanca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schmidt, Vanina Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ahn, Chang Kyu. Pusan National University; Corea del Sur Fil: Ahn, Hyun Nie. Ewha Womans University; Corea del Sur Fil: Aguilar Vafaie, María E.. Tarbiat Modares University; Irán Fil: Siuta, Jerzy. Jagiellonian University; Polonia Fil: Szmigielska, Barbara. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos Fil: Cain, Thomas R.. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos Fil: Crawford, Jarret T.. The College of New Jersey; Estados Unidos Fil: Anwar Mastor, Khairul. Universiti Kebangsaan; Malasia Fil: Rolland, Jean Pierre. Universite Paris Ouest Nanterre la Defense; Francia Fil: Nansubuga, Florence. Makerere University; Uganda Fil: Miramontez, Daniel R.. San Diego Community College District; Estados Unidos Fil: Benet Martínez, Veronica. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España Fil: Rossier, Jérôme. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Bratko, Denis. University of Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Marušić, Iris. Institute for Social Research in Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Halberstadt, Jamin. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Yamaguchi, Mami. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Knežević, Goran. Belgrade University; Serbia Fil: Martin, Thomas A.. Susquehanna University; Estados Unidos Fil: Gheorghiu, Mirona. The Queen's University Belfast; Irlanda Fil: Smith, Peter B.. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Barbaranelli, Claudio. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia Fil: Wang, Lei. Peking University; China Fil: Shakespeare Finch, Jane. Queensland University of Technology; Australia Fil: Lima, Margarida P.. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Klinkosz, Waldemar. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Sekowski, Andrzej. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Alcalay, Lidia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Simonetti, Franco Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.. University of St. Thomas; Estados Unidos Fil: Pramila, V. S.. No especifíca; Fil: Terracciano, Antonio. Florida State University; Estados Unidos

espanolSe examinan las relaciones entre el Core self-evaluation (CSE) y satisfaccion de vida y al deporte para comprobar si el Core self-evaluation era un buen predictor para la satisfacion de la vida y el deporte. Participaron en el estudio trescientos trece atletas (231 hombres y 82 mujeres) con una edad que va de 17 a 47 anos (M=22.9, SD =5.9). Los participantes completaron la version francesa del CSE, las escalas de satisfaccion con la vida y la escala de satisfaccion con el deporte. De acuerdo con los estudios anteriores, la satisfaccion de vida y satisfaccion del deporte estuvieron altamente correlacionadas. Los analisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales demostraron que el CSE era un buen predictor de satisfaccion con la vida y el deporte. Una combinacion de diferentes modelos estructurales informo que el CSE predecia el 39% de satisfaccion de vida y el 13% de la de satisfaccion de deporte respectivamente. Los resultados del estudio presente sugieren que CSE es un buen predictor de la satisfaccion a la vida. Se discuten los resultados en el ambito teorico del CSE y la satisfaccion de la vida, incluyendo la satisfaccion por el deporte. EnglishWe investigated the association between Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) and life and sport satisfaction to assess whether the Core Self-Evaluations scale was a better predictor of life satisfaction or sport satisfaction. The study included three hundred and thirteen athletes (231 men and 82 women; age range to 47 years (Mage=22.9 years, SDage=5.9 years)). Participants completed the French language version of the CSE scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Satisfaction with Sport Scale. As demonstrated in previous studies, life satisfaction and sport satisfaction were highly correlated. Path analyses showed that CSE was a strong predictor of life and sport satisfaction when integrated in a structural equation model. In a combined structural model, CSE predicted 39% and 13% of the variance in life satisfaction and sport satisfaction, respectively. The results suggest that CSE is a good predictor of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in the theoretical context of CSE, life satisfaction, and sport satisfaction

Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N = 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes. Fil: McCrae, Robert R.. No especifica; Fil: Chan, Wayne. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Jussim, Lee. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos Fil: De Fruyt, Filip. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Leibovich, Nora Blanca. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schmidt, Vanina Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Miramontez, Daniel R.. San Diego Community College District. Office of Institutional Research and Planning; Estados Unidos Fil: Benet Martínez, Veronica. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España Fil: Rossier, Jérôme. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Bratko, Denis. University of Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Marušić, Iris. Institute for Social Research in Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Halberstadt, Jamin. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Yamaguchi, Mami. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Knežević, Goran. Belgrade University; Serbia Fil: Purić, Danka. Belgrade University; Serbia Fil: Martin, Thomas A.. Susquehanna University; Estados Unidos Fil: Gheorghiu, Mirona. Queens University; Reino Unido Fil: Smith, Peter B.. University Of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Barbaranelli, Claudio. La Sapienza University; Italia Fil: Wang, Lei. Peking University; China Fil: Shakespeare Finch, Jane. Queensland University of Technology; Australia Fil: Lima, Margarida P.. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Klinkosz, Waldemar. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Sekowskil, Andrzej. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Alcalay, Lidia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Simonetti, Franco. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.. University of St. Thomas; Estados Unidos Fil: Pramila, V. S.. Andhra Pradesh. Visakhapatnam; India Fil: Terracciano, Antonio. Florida State University College of Medicine; Estados Unidos

The French translations of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI (Rolland & Petot, 1994) were examined to assess their equivalence to the original English-language instruments. Two French samples were employed: college students (N = 447) responding anonymously and military recruits (N = 268) responding as part of their military selection process. Internal reliability of domains on both instruments were highly similar to the U.S. normative group, although some NEO-PI-R facets were not. Factor structures of the NEO-PI-R at the facet level and the NEO-FFI at the item level yielded high congruence coefficients when target rotated to previously published factor structures from U.S., Canadian, and German samples. Recently developed validity scales (Schinka, Kinder, & Kremer, 1997) were effective at differentiating the self-enhancing response set of the military recruits. Concerns that a positive presentation response set yields a 6-factor rather than a 5-factor solution were not supported by these French samples.

The five-factor model (FFM) is a representation of the patterns of covariation of personality traits in terms of five broad factors. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory, a questionnaire measure of the FFM, has recently been translated into a number of different languages, permitting tests of its cross-cultural replicability. Data from Filipino and French translations are presented, showing clear and detailed replication of the American normative factor structure when targeted rotation is used. Results from these and other cross-cultural and behavior genetic studies suggest that the FFM is a biologically based human universal. Applications of trait psychology in clinical, educational, and organizational settings may prove generalizable across cultures, and cross-cultural psychologists can profitably explore the expression of the same personality traits in different cultural contexts.

The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a widely used clinician‐rated measure of depressive severity. Empirical support for the factor structure of the MADRS is mixed; further, the comparison of MADRS scores within and between patients requires the demonstration of consistent instrument properties. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate MADRS factor structure as well as MADRS factorial invariance across time and gender. The MADRS was administered to 821 depressed outpatients participating in a large‐scale effectiveness study of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for depression. Treatment outcome did not differ across treatment groups. Factor structure and invariance was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. A four‐factor model consisting of Sadness, Negative Thoughts, Detachment and Neurovegetative symptoms demonstrated a good fit to the data. This four‐factor structure was invariant across time and gender. A hierarchical model, in which these four factors served as indicators of a general depression factor, was also supported. A limitation of the current study is the lack of comprehensive characterization of patient clinical features; results need to be replicated in more severely depressed or treatment refractory patients. Overall, evidence supported the use of the MADRS total score as well as subscales focused on affective, cognitive, social and somatic aspects of depression in male and female outpatients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

International audience; Personality pathology is examined in 100 female in-patients diagnosed with eating disorders. The Eating Disorder Inventory-II and the NEO-PI-R were self-administered and personality pathology was assessed using a structured interview. Clinicians additionally evaluated patients' global functioning. The results indicated sizeable personality disorder comorbidity, and two dimensions of personality pathology, for example, an internalizing and an externalizing factor, could be identified. Patients' global functioning was primarily associated with dimensions of personality pathology, but not with eating disorder symptoms. Assessment and therapeutic interventions should focus on this co-occurring pathology in order to improve patients' functioning.

This paper demonstrates the validity and usefulness of a count technique to screen for potential personality dysfunctioning in NEO‐PI‐R ratings obtained in selection and professional development assessments. The usefulness of this screening technique for Industrial, Work and Organizational (IWO) psychologists is demonstrated in five different samples that were administered the NEO‐PI‐R for selection or development purposes. Three additional samples served as normative data to compute FFM PD count cut‐offs that can be used for selection and career development decisions. Evidence for the construct validity of 6 out of 10 FFM PD counts was provided, and all FFM PD compound scales were significantly related to important criteria, including the final selection decision, the results of a behaviourally oriented selection interview and self‐rated work competencies. The practical utility and limitations of this count technique for personnel selection and development are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

International audience; Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality disorder (PD) counts have demonstrated significant convergent and discriminant validity with DSM-IV PD symptoms. However, these FFM PD counts are of limited clinical use without normative data because it is difficult to determine what a specific score means with regard to the relative level of elevation. The current study presents data from three large normative samples that can be used as norms for the FFM PD counts in the respective countries: United States (N = 1,000), France (N = 801), and Belgium-Netherlands (N = 549). The present study also examines the performance, with regard to diagnostic efficiency, of statistically-defined cut-offs at 1.5 standard deviations above the mean (T > or = 65) versus previously identified cut-offs using receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) analyses. These cut-offs are tested in three clinical samples-one from each of the aforementioned countries. In general, the T > or = 65 cut-offs performed similarly to those identified using ROC analyses and manifested properties relevant to a screening instrument. These normative data allow FFM data to be used in a flexible and comprehensive manner, which may include scoring this type of personality data in order to screen for DSM-IV PD constructs.

National audience; Un ensemble de recherches récentes suggèrent que les troubles de la personnalité décrits par le DSM-IV peuvent être évalués à partir d’un modèle général de description de la personnalité : le modèle à cinq facteurs (five-factor model: FFM). Dans cet article, nous présentons une méthode permettant de calculer des scores pour les différents troubles de la personnalité à partir du FFM. Sur la base de profils de personnalité prototypiques fournis par des experts pour chacun des troubles décrits par le DSM-IV, il est possible d’identifier, puis d’additionner les scores obtenus pour les traits de personnalité caractéristiques de chacun des troubles et d’obtenir un score de type dimensionnel pour chacun d’eux. Les scores ainsi obtenus pour les différents troubles de la personnalité sont comparés (corrélations et efficacité diagnostique) à des évaluations plus explicites et directes de symptômes décrits par le DSM-IV, réalisées sur deux échantillons de patients. Pour la plupart des troubles de la personnalité, à l’exception des troubles de la personnalité obsessionnelle–compulsive et histrionique, la validité convergente, la spécificité, la sensibilité et le potentiel de prédictivité négative (NPP) varient de « modérés » à « satisfaisants ». La validité discriminante, qui permet l’examen de la comorbidité entre les différents troubles, est équivalente à celle obtenue par des méthodes d’évaluation explicites et directes. Nous envisageons finalement les avantages de cette méthode en pratique clinique : facilité de l’évaluation de la personnalité, facilité de la cotation, existence de données de référence normatives.

International audience; BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association between dimensional personality traits from the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).METHODS: Six hundred forty-nine outpatients with MDD participated in a randomised double-blind longitudinal study for 6 months. Patients received a combination of medication and psychotherapy; they were randomised to medication condition (tianeptine or fluoxetine), and non-randomly assigned to psychotherapy condition (supportive, cognitive-behavioural, or psychodynamic). The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depression severity. The Système de Description en Cinq Dimensions was used to assess the personality domains of the FFM.RESULTS: Group comparisons revealed that patients who responded to both medication and psychotherapy had lower Neuroticism (t=4.22, p

National audience; Madagascar a connu une longue période de colonisation (de 1896 à 1960), plus de vingt ans de socialisme (de 1972 à 1993) et plusieurs plans d'ajustement structurel en vue de soutenir une croissance durable du secteur agricole (depuis 1984). Cet héritage historique contraste avec l'apparente immuabilité des structures agraires depuis plusieurs décennies. Pourtant des signes de mutations profondes qu'encouragent les politiques publiques actuelles, sont actuellement perceptibles sur l'ensemble du territoire. Ces mutations pourraient permettre de répondre au défi démographique prégnant auquel est exposé ce pays très pauvre. Madagascar n'a pas connu de réforme agraire ou de processus de privatisation des terres à grande échelle mais, après plus d'un siècle de présomption de domanialité et de gestion traditionnelle, elle s'est engagé à partir de 2004 dans une réforme de grande ampleur pour sécuriser les droits des paysans sur les terres qu'ils mettent en valeur. Le pays, longtemps dirigé par un pouvoir très centralisé, a entamé un processus de déconcentration de son administration et de décentralisation (promotion du développement par les Régions et les communes). Se développe la mise en valeur intensive des tanety (versants de collines), terres jadis délaissées ou réservées aux cultures secondaires. L'environnement économique des exploitations devient propice à la mutation des structures agraires sous l'effet de politiques agricoles adaptées. Enfin, le maintien à la hausse des prix du riz au niveau international pourrait être le catalyseur de ces changements en permettant aux systèmes économiques malgaches, fortement influencés par le caractère insulaire du pays, de s'ouvrir de façon conséquente aux échanges extérieurs et en particulier aux marchés régionaux. La question de la transition agraire, définie traditionnellement comme un éventail de processus affectant l'agriculture tout autant que l'ensemble de la population rurale, a fait de tous temps l'objet d'une littérature importante1 et a été relancée récemment par les défis analytiques posés par la mondialisation. Ces processus sont générés par les forces sociales en jeu mais aussi par l'intervention publique, qui joue de notre point de vue un rôle primordial dans le contexte malgache actuel et à venir. Les auteurs se proposent d'analyser ces dynamiques de changement structurel et de mutation de l'agriculture, qui du fait du poids de ce secteur dans l'économie et l'emploi nationaux, constituent un enjeu majeur pour le développe-ment économique et la sécurité alimentaire de Madagascar.

International audience; We investigated the dimensionality of the French version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) using confirmatory factor analysis. We tested models of 1 or 2 factors. Results suggest the RSES is a 1-dimensional scale with 3 highly correlated items. Comparison with the Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa, McCrae, & Rolland, 1998) demonstrated that Neuroticism correlated strongly and Extraversion and Conscientiousness moderately with the RSES. Depression accounted for 47% of the variance of the RSES. Other NEO-PI-R facets were also moderately related with self-esteem.

The goal of the present investigation is to compare the factor structure of the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in samples of respondents differentially motivated to respond in a socially desirable manner. In the French sample, the authors compared the NEO PI-R structure of job applicants (N = 12,631) subgrouped by relative degree of socially desirable responding with that of a normative sample (N = 801), In the Belgian sample, the authors compared the NEO Pl-R structure in naturally occurring groups, including job applicants (N = 3,028), individuals receiving career counseling (N = 221), and a normative sample (N = 549). Results indicate that the NEO Pl-R factor structure remained stable across all samples.

A comprehensive meta-analysis of the validity of general mental ability (GMA) measures across 12 occupational categories in the European Community (EC) is presented. GMA measures showed that there is validity generalization and large operational validities for job performance and training success in 11 occupational groups. Results also showed that job complexity moderated the magnitude of the operational validity of GMA tests across three levels of job complexity: low, medium, and high. In general, results were similar to those found in the United States, although the European findings showed a slightly larger magnitude of operational validity in some cases. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for personnel selection are discussed. In the past 80 years, hundreds of criterion-related validity studies have been carried out across the world, relating general mental ability (GMA) measures to work-related criteria. Following Schmidt (2002), GMA is defined effectively in this research as any measure that combines two, three, or more specific aptitudes, or any measure that includes a variety of items measuring specific abilities (e.g., verbal, numerical, spatial). Consequently, the observed validity of GMA for a specific study may be achieved using an omnibus GMA test (e.g., The Wonderlic Personnel Test, Otis Employment Test, Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test) or using different specific tests combined in a battery (e.g. General Aptitude Test Battery [GATB], Differential Aptitude Tests [DAT]

A review of studies on the cross-cultural generalizability of the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality describes the convergent and divergent results of two main research traditions (“emic” and “etic”) on this topic. The main divergent results relate to the Intellect-Openness dimension. The cross-cultural generalizability of the Intellect-Openness dimension is clearly problematic in the emic and psycho-lexical stream of research but firmly established by the etic stream using imported inventories. After this review of previous research, results of cross-cultural geralizability research on the FFM as assessed by the NEO-PI-R are presented and discussed. Comparisons of Varimax structures in 16 different cultures clearly show the cross-cultural generalizability of Neuroticism, Openness and Conscientiousness. Extraversion and Agreeableness, described as components of the interpersonal circumplex, appear to be more sensitive to cultural context. For some cultures—in Varimax structure—the factorial location of some facets of Extraversion and Agreeableness shift onto the other dimension. All these results are in line with previous research and suggest that the anthropological traditional that emphasizes cultural diversity and the impact of culture on individual psychology probably tends to underestimate the role of cross-cultural invariance in individual differences.

The suitability of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) to assess adolescents' personality traits was investigated in an unselected heterogeneous sample of 469 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. They were further administered the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) to allow an examination of convergent and discriminant validity. The adult NEO PI-R factor structure proved to be highly replicable in the sample of adolescents, with all facet scales primarily loading on the expected factors, independent of the age group. Domain and facet internal consistency coefficients were comparable to those obtained in adult samples, with less than 12% of the items showing corrected item-facet correlations below 1 .20 1. Although, in general, adolescents reported few difficulties with the comprehensibility of the items, they tend to report more problems with the Openness to Ideas (05) and Openness to Values (06) items. Correlations between NEO PI-R and HiPIC scales underscored the convergent and discriminant validity of the NEO facets and HiPIC scales. It was concluded that the NEO PI-R in its present form is useful for assessing adolescents' traits at the primary level, but additional research is necessary to infer the most appropriate facet level structure.