Search

In response to the requirements for large-scale device access and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication in the power internet of things, unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing can be used to realize flexible access to power services and update large amounts of information in a timely manner. By considering factors such as machine communication traffic, MAC competition access, and information freshness, this paper develops a cross-layer computing framework in which the peak Age of Information (AoI) provides a statistical delay boundary in the finite blocklength regime. We also propose a deep machine learning-based multi-access edge computing offloading algorithm. First, a traffic arrival model is established in which the time interval follows the Beta distribution, and then a business service model is proposed based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance algorithm. The peak AoI boundary performance of multiple access is evaluated according to stochastic network calculus theory. Finally, an unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multi-level offloading model with cache is designed, in which the peak AoI violation probability and energy consumption provide the optimization goals. The optimal offloading strategy is obtained using deep reinforcement learning. Compared with baseline schemes based on non-cooperative game theory with stochastic learning automata and random edge unloading, the proposed algorithm improves the overall performance by approximately 3.52 % and 20.73 %, respectively, and provides superior deterministic offloading performance by using the peak AoI boundary.

Abstract The high-intactness and ultraclean fabrication of suspended 2D materials has always been a challenge due to their atomically thin nature. Here, we present a universal polymer-free transfer approach for fabricating suspended 2D materials by using volatile micro-molecule cyclododecane as the transfer medium, thus ensuring the ultraclean and intact surface of suspended 2D materials. For the fabricated monolayer suspended graphene, the intactness reaches 99% for size below 10 µm and suspended size reaches 36 µm. Owing to the advantages of ultra-cleanness and large size, the thermal conductivity reaches 4914 $${\rm{W}}\,{{\rm{m}}}^{-1}{{\rm{K}}}^{-1}$$ W m − 1 K − 1 at 338 K. Moreover, this strategy can also realize efficient batch transfer of suspended graphene and is applicable for fabricating other 2D suspended materials such as MoS2. Our research not only establishes foundation for potential applications and investigations of intrinsic properties of large-area suspended 2D materials, but also accelerates the wide applications of suspended graphene grid in ultrahigh-resolution TEM characterization.

Advanced metastatic colon cancer is difficult to treat with existing chemotherapy medicines, and hypoxic microenvironment is closely related to angiogenesis and distant metastasis of colon cancer. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin alone or combined with 5-FU on the invasion and metastasis of advanced metastatic or primary colorectal cancer in hypoxic environment. The cytotoxicity of quercetin or/and 5-FU on colon cancer cells using CCK8 assay, Hoechst 33342, flow cytometry and AO staining. The effects of quercetin or/and 5-FU on the migration and invasion were determined by transwell, cell scratching method and murine xenograft models. The potential mechanism was explored by Western blot and immunofluorescent assay. The results revealed quercetin effectively inhibited the invasion and migration of high metastatic advanced colon cancer LOVO cells under hypoxia through the inhibition of ROS and the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K/AKT pathway. Combination of quercetin and 5-FU could promote the inhibition of 5-FU on the invasion and migration of LOVO cells. Moreover, quercetin also significantly inhibited the proliferation of either LOVO cells or HT-29 ​cells under hypoxia by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, particularly, showing stronger inhibition on HT-29 ​cells than LOVO cells. In conclusion, quercetin inhibited the invasion and migration of advanced metastatic colon cancer LOVO cells under hypoxia through inhibition of ROS and HIF-1α expression and the downregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, quercetin alone or in combination with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of high metastatic advanced colon cancer. Quercetin has the potential to be used as an effective anti-colon cancer drug alone or in combination for the clinical treatment of advanced colon cancer.

Sugarcane bagasse ash is a kind of agricultural waste with a large quantity and good volcanic ash reactivity, it is necessary to find a way to reasonably utilize it to prevent environmental pollution caused by long-term accumulation. In this paper, the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash on the short-term mechanical properties of coastal cement soil were studied, and unconfined compressive tests and triaxial shear tests were carried out. The sugarcane bagasse ash content was set to 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 %, respectively, the cement content was set to 5 %, and the curing age was set at 7d. The test results show that sugarcane bagasse ash can effectively improve the unconfined compressive strength and triaxial shear strength of cement soil, exhibiting a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of its content. When the sugarcane bagasse ash content is 1 %, the unconfined compressive strength reaches the maximum value of 2040 kPa, which is 56 % and 8 % higher than that of cement soil with 5 % and 7 % cement content, respectively. Compared with cement soil with 5 % cement content, the triaxial shear strength increases by 12 %∼17 %, the internal friction angle φ and cohesion c increases by 3 %∼8 % and 2 %∼11 %, respectively. The SEM test results show that the addition of bagasse ash can promote the hydration of cement to produce hydrated calcium silicate and other hydration products, fill the internal pores of the sample, and make the microstructure of the modified cement soil tend to be dense. The research results provide a reference for the application of sugarcane bagasse ash modified cement soil in practical engineering.

The cam tappet friction pair is one of the three major friction pairs in an internal combustion engine, and the surface of the tappet undergoes severe wear during operation. To improve the wear resistance of the cam tappet friction pair during operation, in this study, crescent-shaped micro-textures were prepared on the surface of the tappet material of GCr15 steel by laser machining technique, and the effects of the orientation and depth of the texture on the friction properties of GCr15 steel were studied. The processed test samples were tested and characterized by friction and wear tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D morphometry, and EDS. The flow field simulation model of micro-texture was established by using Fluent finite element software. The simulation and experimental results show that the crescent-shaped microtexture prepared on the surface of GCr15 steel can play a certain role in reducing friction and wear resistance, meanwhile orientation and depth of the texture affect the friction performance. In the fluid simulation, the positively oriented texture can produce higher oil film pressure than the opposite texture. When the texture depth is 20 μm, it has a better friction and wear reduction effect, and the friction coefficient decreases by 65.81% compared with that of the untextured surface, and the amount of wear decreases by 74.19%. This is mainly due to the existence of texture in the friction process to reduce the contact area and the shallower depth of texture can produce a larger oil film pressure in the oil lubrication state, so it has better tribological performance. The research data provide a certain reference for the design and optimization of the cam tappet friction pair.

The healing process of critical-sized bone defects urges for a suitable biomineralization environment. However, the unsatisfying repair outcome usually results from a disturbed intricate milieu and the lack of in situ mineralization resources. In this work, we have developed a composite hydrogel that mimics the natural bone healing processes and serves as a seedbed for bone regeneration. The oxidized silk fibroin and fibrin are incorporated as rigid geogrids, and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and platelet-rich plasma serve as the fertilizers and loam, respectively. Encouragingly, the seedbed hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical and biomineralization properties as a stable scaffold and promotes vascularized bone regeneration in vivo. Additionally, the seedbed serves a succinate-like function via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and subsequently orchestrates the mitochondrial calcium uptake, further converting the exogenous ACP into endogenous ACP. Additionally, the seedbed hydrogel realizes the succession of calcium resources and promotes the evolution of the biotemplate from fibrin to collagen. Therefore, our work has established a novel silk-based hydrogel that functions as an in-situ biomineralization seedbed, providing a new insight for critical-sized bone defect regeneration.

Xanthomonas spp. cause severe bacterial diseases. However, effective strategies for prevention and management of these diseases are scarce. Thus, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas. In this study, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, has been studied as a representative. A transposon insertion library of Xoo, comprising approximately 200,000 individual insertion mutants, was generated. Transposon sequencing data indicated that the mariner C9 transposase mapped at 35.7–36.4% of all potential insertion sites, revealing 491 essential genes required for the growth of Xoo in rich media. The results show that, compared to the functions of essential genes of other bacteria, the functions of some essential genes of Xoo are unknown, 25 genes might be dangerous for the Xanthomonas group, and 3 are specific to Xanthomonas. High-priority candidates for developing broad-spectrum, Xanthomonas-specific, and environment-friendly bactericides were identified in this study. In addition, this study revealed the possible targets of dioctyldiethylenetriamine using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). The study also provided references for the research of some certain bactericides with unknown anti-bacterial mode of action. In conclusion, this study urged a better understanding of Xanthomonas, provided meaningful data for the management of bacterial leaf blight, and disclosed selected targets of a novel bactericide.

Summary: Halophiles, thriving in harsh saline environments, capture scientific interest due to their remarkable ability to prosper under extreme salinity. This study unveils the distinct salt-induced activation of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MsrA) from Halobacterium hubeiense, showcasing a significant enhancement in enzymatic activity across various salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 M. This contrasts sharply with the activity profiles of non-halophilic counterparts. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that salt ions stabilize and compact the enzyme’s structure, notably enhancing its substrate affinity. Mutagenesis analysis further confirms the essential role of salt bridges formed by the basic Arg168 residue in salt-induced activation. Mutating Arg168 to an acidic or neutral residue disrupts salt-induced activation, substantially reducing the enzyme activity under salt conditions. Our research provides evidence of salt-activated MsrA activity in halophiles, elucidating the molecular basis of halophilic enzyme activity in response to salts.

IntroductionWith the boom in social media, many people spend a lot of time on these platforms. Among them, some developed negative emotions, such as fatigue, depression, or disinterest in communicating, and used social media temporarily or permanently. Therefore, this study aims to explore the antecedents of social media fatigue, including social media helpfulness, social media self-efficacy, online subjective well-being, social comparison, compulsive social media use, privacy concerns, fear of missing out, and information overload, and to further discuss the determinants of social media fatigue on social anxiety and lurking.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to social media users, and 659 valid samples were obtained with the help of a purposive sampling strategy. The data was analyzed by the partial least square (PLS) method.ResultsThe study found that social media self-efficacy had a significant negative effect on social media fatigue; compulsive social media use, fear of missing out, and information overload had a significant positive effect on social media fatigue; and social media fatigue had a significant positive effect on social anxiety and lurking.DiscussionThe research results can be used as a reference for social media marketers and internet service providers in developing business strategies.

Abstract Incorporating topological physics into the realm of quantum photonics holds the promise of developing quantum light emitters with inherent topological robustness and immunity to backscattering. Nonetheless, the deterministic interaction of quantum emitters with topologically nontrivial resonances remains largely unexplored. Here we present a single photon emitter that utilizes a single semiconductor quantum dot, deterministically coupled to a second-order topological corner state in a photonic crystal cavity. By investigating the Purcell enhancement of both single photon count and emission rate within this topological cavity, we achieve an experimental Purcell factor of Fp = 3.7. Furthermore, we demonstrate the on-demand emission of polarized single photons, with a second-order autocorrelation function g(2)(0) as low as 0.024 ± 0.103. Our approach facilitates the customization of light-matter interactions in topologically nontrivial environments, thereby offering promising applications in the field of quantum photonics.

Abstract Cavity-enhanced single quantum dots (QDs) are the main approach towards ultra-high-performance solid-state quantum light sources for scalable photonic quantum technologies. Nevertheless, harnessing the Purcell effect requires precise spectral and spatial alignment of the QDs’ emission with the cavity mode, which is challenging for most cavities. Here we have successfully integrated miniaturized Fabry-Perot microcavities with a piezoelectric actuator, and demonstrated a bright single-photon source derived from a deterministically coupled QD within this microcavity. Leveraging the cavity-membrane structures, we have achieved large spectral tunability via strain tuning. On resonance, a high Purcell factor of ~9 is attained. The source delivers single photons with simultaneous high extraction efficiency of 0.58, high purity of 0.956(2) and high indistinguishability of 0.922(4). Together with its compact footprint, our scheme facilitates the scalable integration of indistinguishable quantum light sources on-chip, therefore removing a major barrier to the development of solid-state quantum information platforms based on QDs.

This paper presents a novel underwater image enhancement method addressing the challenges of low contrast, color distortion, and detail loss prevalent in underwater photography. Unlike existing methods that may introduce color bias or blur during enhancement, our approach leverages a two-pronged strategy. First, an Efficient Fusion Edge Detection (EFED) module preserves crucial edge information, ensuring detail clarity even in challenging turbidity and illumination conditions. Second, a Multi-scale Color Parallel Frequency-division Attention (MCPFA) module integrates multi-color space data with edge information. This module dynamically weights features based on their frequency domain positions, prioritizing high-frequency details and areas affected by light attenuation. Our method further incorporates a dual multi-color space structural loss function, optimizing the performance of the network across RGB, Lab, and HSV color spaces. This approach enhances structural alignment and minimizes color distortion, edge artifacts, and detail loss often observed in existing techniques. Comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations using both full-reference and no-reference image quality metrics demonstrate that our proposed method effectively suppresses scattering noise, corrects color deviations, and significantly enhances image details. In terms of objective evaluation metrics, our method achieves the best performance in the test dataset of EUVP with a PSNR of 23.45, SSIM of 0.821, and UIQM of 3.211, indicating that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods in improving image quality.

Due to their characteristics, Caragana Korshinskii bars are prone to be crushed by kneaded crushed material, and the kneaded crushed material is prone to clogging the sieve, thus affecting the crushing effect. In this paper, we use the Caragana Korshinskii special hammer crusher to carry out the Caragana Korshinskii cutting and crushing test to study the influence of Caragana Korshinskii diameter, cutting length, and moisture content on the crushing effect of Caragana Korshinskii, and obtain the best process parameters through the response surface method. The results were as follows: When the diameter of Caragana Korshinskii strips was in the range of 6–9 mm, the length of the cut section was in the range of 4–8 cm, and the moisture content of Caragana Korshinskii strips was in the range of 10–19%, the Caragana Korshinskii strips crushing effect was the best, and the kneading situation was the lowest. The optimal Caragana Korshinskii crushing effect was achieved when the diameter of the Caragana Korshinskiibar was 6.5 mm, the length of the cut section was 8.4 cm, the moisture content was 19%, the sieve rate of 2 mm was 46.15%, the sieve rate of 4 mm was 66.32%, and the length of the kneaded wire was 3.3 cm.

Exploring and monitoring underwater environments pose unique challenges due to water’s complex optical properties, which significantly impact image quality. Challenges like light absorption and scattering result in color distortion and decreased visibility. Traditional underwater image acquisition methods face these obstacles, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to solve the image color shift and image detail loss caused by the underwater environment in the image enhancement process. This study proposes a salient region-guided underwater image enhancement fusion method to alleviate these problems. First, this study proposes an advanced dark channel prior method to reduce haze effects in underwater images, significantly improving visibility and detail. Subsequently, a comprehensive RGB color correction restores the underwater scene’s natural appearance. The innovation of our method is that it fuses through a combination of Laplacian and Gaussian pyramids, guided by salient region coefficients, thus preserving and accentuating the visually significant elements of the underwater environment. Comprehensive subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate our method’s superior performance in enhancing contrast, color depth, and overall visual quality compared to existing methods.

Abstract In-office bleaching, using hydrogen peroxide, is effective to remove dental enamel stains. However, bleaching agents can deteriorate surface properties of CAD-CAM materials. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of in-office bleaching agents on Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished dental CAD-CAM composite materials (Grandio blocs, Lava Ultimate, BRILLIANT Crios, Cerasmart), and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network block (Vita Enamic). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: unpolished or polished. The micro-hardness and surface topography of each group were measured before bleaching, after a 60 min bleaching period, and 24-h and one-month post-bleaching. In-office bleaching significantly influenced the Vickers hardness of both the polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks, with Vita Enamic exhibiting the least hardness stability among all groups. Furthermore, in-office bleaching significantly influenced the surface roughness of unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks. There was a significant difference in hardness reduction between the polished and unpolished specimens for most of the investigated materials at different time points. The bleaching did not influence the surface roughness of the investigated polished group, except for Vita Enamic and Lava Ultimate. However, it did influence the surface roughness of the investigated materials in the unpolished group.

Abstract. Background:. Previous research demonstrated that a homozygous mutation of g.136372044G>A (S12N) in caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) is critical for producing Aspergillus fumigatus-induced (Af-induced) T helper 2 (TH2)-mediated responses in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, it remains unclear whether the CARD9S12N mutation, especially the heterozygous occurrence, predisposes the host to ABPA. Methods:. A total of 61 ABPA patients and 264 controls (including 156 healthy controls and 108 asthma patients) were recruited for sequencing the CARD9 locus to clarify whether patients with this heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms are predisposed to the development of ABPA. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and RNA isolation and quantification, were used to illuminate the involved mechanism of the disease. Results:. The presence of the p.S12N mutation was associated with a significant risk of ABPA in ABPA patients when compared with healthy controls and asthma patients, regardless of Aspergillus sensitivity. Relative to healthy controls without relevant allergies, the mutation of p.S12N was associated with a significant risk of ABPA (OR: 2.69 and 4.17 for GA and AA genotypes, P = 0.003 and 0.029, respectively). Compared with patients with asthma, ABPA patients had a significantly higher heterozygous mutation (GA genotype), indicating that p.S12N might be a significant ABPA-susceptibility locus (aspergillus sensitized asthma: OR: 3.02, P = 0.009; aspergillus unsensitized asthma: OR: 2.94, P = 0.005). The mutant allele was preferentially expressed in ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9S12N, which contributes to its functional alterations to facilitate Af-induced TH2-mediated ABPA development. In terms of mechanism, Card9 wild-type (Card9WT) expression levels decreased significantly due to Af-induced decay of its messenger RNA compared to the heterozygous Card9S12N. In addition, ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9S12N had increased Af-induced interleukin-5 production. Conclusion:. Our study provides the genetic evidence showing that the heterozygous mutation of CARD9S12N, followed by allele expression imbalance of CARD9S12N, facilitates the development of ABPA.

Abstract The low-temperature thermoelectric performance of Bi-rich n-type Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 was limited by the electron transport scattering at grain boundaries, while removing grain boundaries and bulk crystal growth of Mg-based Zintl phases are challenging due to the volatilities of elemental reactants and their severe corrosions to crucibles at elevated temperatures. Herein, for the first time, we reported a facile growth of coarse-grained Mg3Bi2-x Sb x crystals with an average grain size of ~800 μm, leading to a high carrier mobility of 210 cm2 · V−1 · s−1 and a high z of 2.9 × 10−3 K−1 at 300 K. A $$\Delta$$ Δ T of 68 K at T h of 300 K, and a power generation efficiency of 5.8% below 450 K have been demonstrated for Mg3Bi1.5Sb0.5- and Mg3Bi1.25Sb0.75-based thermoelectric modules, respectively, which represent the cutting-edge advances in the near-room temperature thermoelectrics. In addition, the developed grain growth approach can be potentially extended to broad Zintl phases and other Mg-based alloys and compounds.

BackgroundHepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (HIRI) is a major complication in liver transplants and surgeries, significantly affecting postoperative outcomes. The role of mitophagy, essential for removing dysfunctional mitochondria and maintaining cellular balance, remains unclear in HIRI.MethodsTo unravel the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in HIRI, we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising 44 HIRI samples alongside 44 normal control samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for this analysis. Using Random Forests and Support Vector Machines - Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), we pinpointed eight pivotal genes and developed a logistic regression model based on these findings. Further, we employed consensus cluster analysis for classifying HIRI patients according to their MRG expression profiles and conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify clusters of genes that exhibit high correlation within different modules. Additionally, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis to explore insights into the behavior of MRGs within the HIRI.ResultsWe identified eight key genes (FUNDC1, VDAC1, MFN2, PINK1, CSNK2A2, ULK1, UBC, MAP1LC3B) with distinct expressions between HIRI and controls, confirmed by PCR validation. Our diagnostic model, based on these genes, accurately predicted HIRI outcomes. Analysis revealed a strong positive correlation of these genes with monocytic lineage and a negative correlation with B and T cells. HIRI patients were divided into three subclusters based on MRG profiles, with WGCNA uncovering highly correlated gene modules. Single-cell analysis identified two types of endothelial cells with different MRG scores, indicating their varied roles in HIRI.ConclusionsOur study highlights the critical role of MRGs in HIRI and the heterogeneity of endothelial cells. We identified the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and cGAS-STING (GAS) pathways as regulators of mitophagy’s impact on HIRI. These findings advance our understanding of mitophagy in HIRI and set the stage for future research and therapeutic developments.

An experimental study was conducted to obtain the degree and pattern of influence of the interaction of various test factors on the evaluation indexes of biomass-forming pellets and the optimal combination of test parameters. Poplar sawdust and alfalfa grass were crushed and compressed into pellets, which were used as test samples. The particle size and moisture contents of the biomass raw materials were selected as test factors, and the quality and performance evaluation indexes, such as relaxation density, Shore hardness, water resistance, crush resistance, longitudinal dimensional stability, forming rate, and productivity, were measured for each pellet group. The results showed that for the same biomass raw material, when the particle size range is zero to 1.5 mm and the moisture content is at 15%, the relaxation density, Shore hardness, and forming rate of the formed pellets are the greatest, and the crush resistance, water resistance, and longitudinal dimensional stability are the strongest. When the particle size range is about 4 to 5.5 mm and the moisture content is at 5%, the relaxation density, Shore hardness, and forming rate of the pellets are the smallest, and the crush resistance, water resistance, and longitudinal dimensional stability are the weakest. The best moisture content of the pellets is about 15%.

Abstract Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials for repairing caries or dental defect, requiring excellent properties to cope with the complex oral environment. Filler/resin interface interaction has a significant impact on the physicochemical/biological properties and service life of DRCs. Various chemical and physical modification methods on filler/resin interface have been introduced and studied, and the physical micromechanical interlocking caused by the modification of fillers morphology and structure is a promising method. This paper firstly introduces the composition and development of DRCs, then reviews the chemical and physical modification methods of the filler/resin interface, mainly discusses the interface micromechanical interlocking structures and their enhancement mechanism for DRCs, finally give a summary on the existing problems and development potential.

We investigate the utilization of advanced single photons produced by quantum dots (QDs) in a microcavity for quantum metrology. Through the integration of lateral excitation and the Purcell effect in an Fabry–Perot microcavity, we realized single-photon emission with an extraction efficiency of 46.39%, high purity of 96.91%, and high indistinguishability of 98.32%. Our QD-generated single photons enabled the creation of high-quality NOON states (N = 2) for phase measurement, yielding an interference contrast of 79.79% and surpassing the standard quantum limit (SQL) with phase super-sensitivity. Our results underscore the immense potential of QD-derived single photons for propelling quantum metrology forward, facilitating enhanced precision measurements across diverse applications.

High-definition remote sensing images have been widely used in many fields such as urban planning and resource exploration. Due to the impact of imaging links, the quality of images produced by remote sensing platforms often deteriorates. Therefore, high-performance remote sensing image restoration processing methods are of great significance for improving their application efficiency. However, existing deep learning methods have not been matched and adjusted based on the imaging characteristics and degradation mechanism of remote sensing systems, and lack representation and constraints on various prior information of remote sensing platforms, which leads to false information easily and is not conducive to interpretation application. To overcome these problems, in this work, we conduct research on a multi-stage remote sensing image restoration network. First, we propose a multi-stage network framework of “denoising deblurring detail enhancement”, in which structures at different stages are designed to address the multi-scale characteristics of remote sensing images. Secondly, in order to avoid the degradation of the multi-stage network, we design a differentiated intermediate supervision module and an adaptive structural adjustment module. Finally, based on the degradation characteristics of the remote sensing platform imaging system, we propose a loss function from the prior term of the modulation transfer function. We verify our method by conducting comprehensive comparisons on a new dataset by the full-link imaging simulation. Experiments show that our method is superior to other comparison methods in remote sensing image restoration, and shows competitive performance in terms of restoration performance and speed. Compared with the basic network, the proposed modules improve PSNR and SSIM by 7.18 % and 4.74 % respectively.

Abstract Highly compact lasers with ultra-low threshold and single-mode continuous wave (CW) operation have been a long sought-after component for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs), due to their excellent ability of trapping light and enhancing light-matter interaction, have been investigated in lasing configurations combining various BIC cavities and optical gain materials. However, the realization of BIC laser with a highly compact size and an ultra-low CW threshold has remained elusive. We demonstrate room temperature CW BIC lasers in the 1310 nm O-band wavelength range, by fabricating a miniaturized BIC cavity in an InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot (QD) gain membrane. By enabling effective trapping of both light and carriers in all three dimensions, ultra-low threshold of 12 μW (0.052 kW cm−2) is achieved at room temperature. Single-mode lasing is also realized in cavities as small as only 5 × 5 unit cells (~2.5 × 2.5 μm2 cavity size) with a mode volume of 1.16(λ/n)3. The maximum operation temperature reaches 70 °C with a characteristic temperature of T 0 ~93.9 K. With its advantages in terms of a small footprint, ultra-low power consumption, and adaptability for integration, the mini-BIC lasers offer a perspective light source for future PICs aimed at high-capacity optical communications, sensing and quantum information.

The surface morphology of biomass pellets can provide data for the contact mechanics fractal model between the molding pellet and hole in biomass molding machines and for predicting wear of the molding hole. In this study, desert caragana (Caragana korshinskii) was mixed with residue from maize production, crushed, and compressed into pellets, which were used to collect data on their circumferential surface roughness profile, density, diameter, and hardness. The results showed that frictional wear occurs during contact between the forming hole and the molding particles, increasing the diameter d0 of the forming hole and the diameter d of the molding particles. The density ρ and hardness HD of the molded pellets decreased as their diameter d increased, and the ρ and HD of caragana were higher in autumn than in summer. The values of the roughness parameters Ra, Rc and Rz of the molded particles increased with their diameter d. The maximum material rate Mr2 value of the roughness's central profile remained at 86% with the increase of diameter d. Molded particles had surface roughness kurtosis Rku>3 and roughness skew Rsk

Abstract Tissue regeneration is regulated by morphological clues of implants in bone defect repair. Engineered morphology can boost regenerative biocascades that conquer challenges such as material bioinertness and pathological microenvironments. Herein, a correlation between the liver extracellular skeleton morphology and the regenerative signaling, namely hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), is found to explain the mystery of rapid liver regeneration. Inspired by this unique structure, a biomimetic morphology is prepared on polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) via femtosecond laser etching and sulfonation. The morphology reproduces MET signaling in macrophages, causing positive immunoregulation and optimized osteogenesis. Moreover, the morphological clue activates an anti‐inflammatory reserve (arginase‐2) to translocate retrogradely from mitochondria to the cytoplasm due to the difference in spatial binding of heat shock protein 70. This translocation enhances oxidative respiration and complex II activity, reprogramming the metabolism of energy and arginine. The importance of MET signaling and arginase‐2 in the anti‐inflammatory repair of biomimetic scaffolds is also verified via chemical inhibition and gene knockout. Altogether, this study not only provides a novel biomimetic scaffold for osteoporotic bone defect repair that can simulate regenerative signals, but also reveals the significance and feasibility of strategies to mobilize anti‐inflammatory reserves in bone regeneration.

Abstract The landmark Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario requires the revolution of today's energy system for realizing nonenergy‐related global economy. Advanced batteries with high energy density and safety are expected to realize the shift of end‐use sectors toward renewable and clean sources of electricity. Present Li‐ion technologies have dominated the modern energy market but face with looming challenges of limited theoretical specific capacity and high cost. Li–air(O2) battery, characterized by energy‐rich redox chemistry of Li stripping/plating and oxygen conversion, emerges as a promising “beyond Li‐ion” strategy. In view of the superior stability and inherent safety, a solid‐state Li–air battery is regarded as a more practical choice compared to the liquid‐state counterpart. However, there remain many challenges that retard the development of solid‐state Li–air batteries. In this review, we provide an in‐depth understanding of fundamental science from both thermodynamics and kinetics of solid‐state Li–air batteries and give a comprehensive assessment of the main challenges. The discussion of effective strategies along with authoritative demonstrations for achieving high‐performance solid‐state Li–air batteries is presented, including the improvement of cathode kinetics and durability, solid electrolyte design, Li anode optimization and protection, as well as interfacial engineering.

To ensure the accuracy of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation for battery packs while minimizing the amount of pre-experiments required for aging modeling and the scales of computation for online management, a decisive-cell-based estimation method with training-free characteristic parameters and a dynamic-weighted estimation strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to reduce the computational complexity, the state estimation of battery packs is summed up to that of two decisive cells, and a new selection approach for the decisive cells is adopted based on the detection of steep voltage changes. Secondly, two novel ideas are implemented for the state estimation of the selected cells. On the one hand, a set of characteristic parameters that only exhibit local curve shrinkage with aging is chosen, which keeps the corresponding estimation approaches away from training. On the other hand, multiple basic estimation approaches are effectively combined by their respective dynamic weights, which ensures the estimation can maintain a good estimation accuracy under various load profiles. Finally, the experimental results show that the new method can quickly correct the initial setting deviations and have a high estimation accuracy for both the SOC and SOH within 2% for a series battery pack consisting of cells with obvious inconsistency.

The emerging technology of rotating synthetic aperture (RSA) presents a promising solution for the development of lightweight, large-aperture, and high-resolution optical remote sensing systems in geostationary orbit. However, the rectangular shape of the primary mirror and the distinctive imaging mechanism involving the continuous rotation of the mirror lead to a pronounced decline in image resolution along the shorter side of the rectangle compared to the longer side. The resolution also exhibits periodic time-varying characteristics. To address these limitations and enhance image quality, we begin by analyzing the imaging mechanism of the RSA system. Subsequently, we propose a single-image super-resolution method that utilizes a rotated varied-size window attention mechanism instead of full attention, based on the Vision Transformer architecture. We employ a two-stage training methodology for the network, where we pre-train it on images masked with stripe-shaped masks along the shorter side of the rectangular pupil. Following that, we fine-tune the network using unmasked images. Through the strip-wise mask sampling strategy, this two-stage training approach effectively circumvents the interference of lower confidence (clarity) information and outperforms training the network from scratch using the unmasked degraded images. Our digital simulation and semi-physical imaging experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves satisfactory performance. This work establishes a valuable reference for future space applications of the RSA system.

In this present study, five new wood-inhabiting fungal taxa, Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum, Botryobasidium incanum, Botryobasidium yunnanense, Coltricia zixishanensis, and Coltriciella yunnanensis are proposed. Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum is distinguished by its slightly rubiginous hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, which branches at right angles, and subglobose, smooth basidiospores (14–17.5 × 13–15.5 µm); B. incanum is characterized by its white to incanus basidiomata having a hypochnoid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores (6.5–8.5 × 3.5–5 µm); B. yunnanense is characterized by its buff to slightly yellowish hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid to globose, smooth, thick-walled basidiospores (11.5–14.5 × 9.5–10.5 µm); Coltricia zixishanensis differs in its rust brown pileal surface, and ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores (5–6.5 × 4–4.5 µm). Coltriciella yunnanensis is distinguished by its tiny pilei, short stipe, and navicular, verrucose basidiospores (10.5–12.5 × 6–7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU genes were used for phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic results inferred from ITS sequences revealed that B. gossypirubiginosum was closely related to B. robustius; the species B. incanum was grouped with B. vagum; B. yunnanense was related to B. indicum. The species C. zixishanensis was grouped with C. confluens and C. perennis. ITS sequences revealed that C. zixishanensis was grouped into the genus Coltriciella, in which it was grouped with Co. globosa and Co. pseudodependens.

ABSTRACT: Spectral imaging extends the concept of traditional color cameras to capture images across multiple spectral channels and has broad application prospects. Conventional spectral cameras based on scanning methods suffer from the drawbacks of low acquisition speed and large volume. On-chip computational spectral imaging based on metasurface filters provides a promising scheme for portable applications, but endures long computation time due to point-by-point iterative spectral reconstruction and mosaic effect in the reconstructed spectral images. In this study, on-chip rapid spectral imaging was demonstrated, which eliminated the mosaic effect in the spectral image by deep-learning-based spectral data cube reconstruction. The experimental results show that 4 orders of magnitude faster than the iterative spectral reconstruction were achieved, and the fidelity of the spectral reconstruction for the standard color plate was over 99% for a standard color board. In particular, video-rate spectral imaging was demonstrated for moving objects and outdoor driving scenes with good performance for recognizing metamerism, where the concolorous sky and white cars can be distinguished via their spectra, showing great potential for autonomous driving and other practical applications in the field of intelligent perception.

Reliable transfer techniques are critical for the integration of 2D materials with arbitrary substrates. Here, the authors describe a method to transfer 4-inch and A4-sized defect-free graphene films onto rigid and flexible substrates with controllable conformal contact, leading to improved electrical properties and uniformity.

Owing to their powerful feature extraction capabilities, deep learning-based methods have achieved significant progress in hyperspectral remote sensing classification. However, several issues still exist in these methods, including a lack of hyperspectral datasets for specific complicated scenarios and the need to improve the classification accuracy of land cover with limited samples. Thus, to highlight and distinguish effective features, we propose a hyperspectral classification framework based on a joint channel-space attention mechanism and generative adversarial network (JAGAN). To relearn feature-based weights, a higher priority was assigned to important features, which was developed by integrating a two-joint channel-space attention model to obtain the most valuable feature via the attention weight map. Additionally, two classifiers were designed in JAGAN: sigmoid was used to determine whether the input data were real or fake samples produced by the generator, while Softmax was adopted as a land cover classifier to yield the prediction type labels of the input samples. To test the classification performance of the JAGAN model, we used a self-constructed complex land cover dataset based on GaoFen-5 AHSI images, which consists of mixed landscapes of mining and agricultural areas from the urban-rural fringe. Compared with other methods, the proposed model achieved the highest overall classification accuracy of 86.09%, the highest kappa amount of 79.41%, the highest F1 score of 85.86%, and the highest average accuracy of 82.30%, indicating the JAGAN can effectively improve the classification accuracy for limited samples in complex regional environments using GF-5 AHSI images.

Abstract Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating glaucoma with remarkable effects, but there is no clear conclusion on its mechanism. Methods Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the mechanism and targets of TCM in the treatment of glaucoma, and baicalein was used to treat chronic ocular hypertension animal models rats for observation. Results The results of animal experiments showed that baicalein could significantly reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension and protect the structure of the retina and optic nerve, as shown by hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reducing the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 is basically consistent with the results of molecular docking. In the network pharmacology analysis, many key proteins of biological pathways involved in the herbal therapeutic processes in glaucoma, such as threonine kinase 1 (AKT1, core protein of PI3K/AKT signaling), tumor protein p53 (TP53, a tumor suppressor gene coding tumor protein P53), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3, core protein of JAK/STAT signaling), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 17 (IL-17, proinflammatory factors), were identified. Their interactions built complicated chain reactions in the process of glaucoma. Conclusion By combining the analysis of network pharmacology and animal experimental results, baicalein could effectively improve the symptoms of glaucoma and reduce RGC apoptosis, suggesting that the potential mechanism of TCM in treating glaucoma is related to regulating inflammation and cellular immunity and reducing apoptosis.

TP53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in the vast majority of cancers. In this study, we present a pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patient carrying a rare TP53 c.C275T mutation. This extremely rare mutation affects an amino acid residue located between the TAD domain and the DNA-binding domain of p53. The patient was resistant to most conventional chemotherapy regimens and remained minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive after five rounds of such regimens. We tested the sensitivity of the patient’s leukemic cells to 21 anti-cancer drugs by performing in vitro drug sensitivity assays. The results showed that bortezomib had a very strong killing effect on the patient’s leukemic cells. Therefore, we subsequently treated the patient with bortezomib combined with vindesine, cytarabine, and fludarabine. After one course of treatment, the patient became MRD-negative, and there was no recurrence during a 9-month follow-up. In conclusion, our report suggests that the TP53 c.C275T mutation is associated with poor prognosis in B-ALL. Fortunately, bortezomib combined with chemotherapy could achieve a better therapeutic effect than conventional regimens in this type of ALL.

People are increasingly using smartwatches in their daily lives. Scholars have focused on the drivers of the initial and continued use of smartwatches, while few studies have dealt with the outcomes of smartwatch use. Therefore, this study explores the impact of smartwatch use on user experience (self-expansion and self-extension) and user reciprocity (user loyalty and user influence) based on service-dominant logic. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 343 smartwatch users in China. Structural equation modeling and the bootstrapping method were applied to test the theoretical hypotheses. The results show that smartwatch use positively affects self-expansion and self-extension, both self-expansion and self-extension positively affect user loyalty and user influence, and smartwatch use affects user loyalty and user influence through self-expansion and self-extension. This research deepens our understanding of the outcomes of smartwatch use, and provides insights for smartwatch manufacturers to create more value from user reciprocity.

Freshwater lakes represent a potential source of methane (CH4) emission into the atmosphere. However, the CH4 emission contribution to the total emission in the littoral zones of lakes, especially emergent macrophytes (e.g., lotus), is poorly known. Lotus has been cultivated in almost all provinces in China; it is not only an aquatic plant, but also a kind of vegetable. In this study, two sampling zones (lotus plant and open water) were established in the lake of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The CH4 emission was measured using a floating opaque chamber and gas chromatography between April and December in the years 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that the flux of CH4 emissions ranged from 0.10 to 59.75 mg m−2 h−1, with an average value of 5.61 mg m−2 h−1, in the open water, while ranging from 0.19 to 57.32 mg m−2 h−1, with an average value of 17.14 mg m−2 h−1, in the lotus plant zone. The maximal CH4 emissions occurred in July and August for the open water, which was highly related to the air and water temperature, whereas it happened in September for the lotus plant zone, possibly due to the high vegetation biomass, indirectly enhancing the high soil organic carbon content, plant-mediated CH4 emission, as well as the lower dissolved oxygen concentration, thus strengthening the production and emissions of CH4. Considering the carbon emissions (both CH4 and CO2) and plant productivity, although greater CH4 emission occurred in the lotus plant zone, it could still represent a potential carbon sink (213 g m−2 yr−1) compared to the open water.

In this present study, three new wood-inhabiting fungal taxa, Hyphoderma niveomarginatum, H. sordidum and H. weishanense, are proposed. Hyphoderma niveomarginatum is characterized by the ceraceous basidiomata having a smooth, cracking hymenial surface and the presence of the moniliform cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores (7–9 × 3.5–5 µm). Hyphoderma sordidum is characterized by its resupinate basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface with the fimbriate margin, the presence of the tubular cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores (3–4.5 × 2–3 µm). Hyphoderma weishanense differs in its membranous basidiomata with a slightly buff to buff hymenial surface and the presence of broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (4.5–8.5 × 4–7 µm). Sequences of ITS+nLSU+mt-SSU+RPB1+RPB2 genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses using three methods. The ITS+nLSU+mt-SSU+RPB1+RPB2 analysis of the genus Hyphoderma indicated that the 3 new species of Hyphoderma were nested into genus Hyphoderma, in which H. niveomarginatum formed a single group and then grouped with H. membranaceum and H. sinense; H. sordidum was a sister to H. nudicephalum; and H. weishanense closely grouped with H. crystallinum.

The filler/resin matrix interface interaction plays a vital role in the properties of dental resin composites (DRCs). Porous particles are promising fillers due to their potential in constructing micromechanical interlocking at filler/resin matrix interfaces, therefore improving the properties of the resulting DRCs, where the pore size is significantly important. However, how to control the pore size of porous particles via a simple synthesis method is still a challenge, and how their pore sizes affect the properties of resulting DRCs has not been studied. In this study, porous silica (DPS) with a dendritic structure and an adjustable pore size was synthesized by changing the amounts of catalyst in the initial microemulsion. These synthesized DPS particles were directly used as unimodal fillers and mixed with a resin matrix to formulate DRCs. The results showed that the DPS pore size affects the properties of DRCs, especially the mechanical property. Among various DPS particles with different pore sizes, DPS6 resulted in 19.5% and 31.4% improvement in flexural strength, and 24.4% and 30.7% enhancement in compression strength, respectively, compared to DPS1 and DPS9. These DPS particles could help to design novel dental restorative materials and have promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and adsorption.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), environmental pollutants of emerging concern, have posed a potential threat to the public health. Soil is one of the huge reservoirs and propagation hotspot of ARGs. To alleviate the potential risk of ARGs, it is necessary to figure out the source and fate of ARGs in the soil. This paper mainly reviewed recent studies on the association of ARGs with the microbiome and the transmission mechanism of ARGs in soil. The compositions and abundance of ARGs can be changed by modulating microbiome, soil physicochemical properties, such as pH and moisture. The relationships of ARGs with antibiotics, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides were discussed in this review. Among the various factors mentioned above, microbial community structure, mobile genetic elements, pH and heavy metals have a relatively more important impact on ARGs profiles. Moreover, human health could be impacted by soil ARGs through plants and animals. Understanding the dynamic changes of ARGs with influencing factors promotes us to develop strategies for mitigating the occurrence and dissemination of ARGs to reduce health risks.

A plastic may degrade in response to a trigger. The kinetics of degradation have long been characterized by the loss of weight and strength over time. These methods of gross characterization, however, are misleading when plastic degrades heterogeneously. Here, we study heterogeneous degradation in an extreme form: the growth of a crack under the combined action of chemistry and mechanics. An applied load opens the crack, exposes the crack front to chemical attack, and causes the crack to outrun gross degradation. We studied the crack growth in polylactic acid (PLA), a polyester in which ester bonds break by hydrolysis. We cut a crack in a PLA film using scissors, tore it using an apparatus, and recorded the crack growth using a camera through a microscope. In our testing range, the crack velocity was insensitive to load but was sensitive to humidity and pH. These findings will aid the development of degradable plastics for healthcare and sustainability.

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Qidengmingmu Capsule (QC) is a Chinese patent medicine used to treat DR, but the molecular mechanism of the treatment remains unknown. In this study, we identified and validated potential molecular mechanisms involved in the treatment of DR with QC via network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The results of Ingredient-DR Target Network showed that 134 common targets and 20 active ingredients of QC were involved. According to the results of enrichment analysis, 2307 biological processes and 40 pathways were related to the treatment effects. Most of these processes and pathways were important for cell survival and were associated with many key factors in DR, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (HIF-1Α), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Based on the results of the PPI network and KEGG enrichment analyses, we selected AKT1, HIF-1α, VEGFA, TNFα and their corresponding active ingredients for molecular docking. According to the molecular docking results, several key targets of DR (including AKT1, HIF-1α, VEGFA, and TNFα) can form stable bonds with the corresponding active ingredients of QC. In conclusion, through network pharmacology methods, we found that potential biological mechanisms involved in the alleviation of DR by QC are related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. The molecular docking results also provide us with sound directions for further experiments.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) are high-altitude model animals and famous “ecosystem engineers” on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pika activities may accelerate the degradation of alpine meadows. Nevertheless, little is known about the responses of bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities, and ecosystem multifunctionality to pika perturbations. To address this question, we studied the impacts of only pika disturbance and combined disturbance (pika disturbance and grazing) on ecological networks of soil microbial communities and ecosystem multifunctionality. Our results demonstrated that Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Crenarchaeota were dominant in bacteria, fungi, and archaea, respectively. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea were all influenced by the combined disturbance of grazing and pika. Most fungal communities became convergent, while bacterial and archaeal communities became differentiated during the succession of surface types. In particular, the bacterial and fungal networks were less stable than archaeal networks. In response to the interference, cross-domain cooperation between bacterial and fungal communities increased, while competitive interactions between bacterial and archaeal communities increased. Pika disturbance at high intensity significantly reduced the ecosystem multifunctionality. However, the mixed effects of grazing and pika weakened such influences. This study revealed how pika activities affected microbial networks and ecosystem multifunctionality. These results provide insights to designing reasonable ecological management strategies for alpine grassland ecosystems.

IHNV is a virus that infects salmonids and causes serious economic damage to the salmonid farming industry. There is no specific treatment for the disease caused by this pathogen and the main preventive measure is vaccination, but this is only possible for small groups of individuals. Therefore, it is important to investigate new oral vaccines to prevent IHNV. In this study, the CK6 chemokine protein of rainbow trout and the truncated G protein of IHNV were used to construct a secretory expression recombinant L.casei vaccine for rainbow trout. The results showed that the levels of IgM and IgT antibodies in rainbow trout reached the highest level on the 15th day after the secondary immunization, and the antibodies exhibited high inhibitory activity against viral infection. Furthermore, the expression of relevant cytokines in different tissues was detected and found to be significantly higher in the oral vaccine group than in the control group. It was also found that pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 could stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation and improve mucosal immunity with significant differences between the immunized and control groups. When infected with IHNV, the protection rate of pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 was 66.67% higher than that of the control group. We found that pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 expressed and secreted the rainbow trout chemokine CK6 protein and IHNV truncated G protein, retaining the original immunogenicity of rainbow trout while enhancing their survival rate. This indicates that recombinant L.casei provides a theoretical basis and rationale for the development of an oral vaccine against IHNV and has important practical implications for the protection of rainbow trout from IHNV infection.

Summary: The enormous need for refrigeration of modern human life has inevitably aggravated the environmental crisis worldwide. To date, there are very few refrigeration technologies available beholding both harmless refrigerants and high efficiency. Here, we proposed a geothermal-thermoelectric air conditioning system (GeoTEAC) with refrigerant-free and high energy efficiency through synergistically combining the merits of thermoelectric effect and ground source heat exchanging system. The system showed competitive cooling and heating COPs of 5.83 and 2.92, respectively, with kilowatt capacity, which are 3–4 times higher than that of previously reported thermoelectric air-conditioning setups. For a conceptual scenario, we demonstrated the lowest TEWI values for the GeoTEAC system among different air-conditioning types. Our work provides sustainable and climate-friendly solutions to realize worldwide emission peaks and carbon neutralization.

Abstract Thin, lightweight, and flexible textile pressure sensors with the ability to detect the full range of faint pressure (

China’s railways are developing rapidly, and the charger of the auxiliary power supply system is an indispensable part of the maglev train. The existing maglev train charger usually uses the traditional PID controller to control the output of the charger which has a simple structure. To meet the requirements of the maglev train charger output performance which is getting higher and higher, it is necessary to optimize the control strategies which can achieve adaptive control of the system. In this paper, taking Qingyuan maglev train as the research object, the control principle of the charger of the maglev train is studied, and the simulation model of the charger of Qingyuan speed maglev train is built in MATLAB/Simulink. After verifying its feasibility, the paper proposes fuzzy PID control to improve the charger control method, and uses genetic algorithm to optimize fuzzy control membership function and fuzzy rules. Finally, the paper builds a fuzzy PID controller simulation model, compares the output performance of the charger under different control methods, and verifies the superiority of the new control method.

Traditional deep learning detection network has poor effect on the detection of infrared dim and small targets on the sea in the case of interference or bad weather. In this paper, an improved dim and small infrared ship detection network based on Haar wavelet is proposed. The HaarConv module is designed based on the high-frequency features obtained by Haar wavelet decomposition, which further increases the feature extraction ability of the backbone network for small targets. Meanwhile, the HaarUp-HaarDown module is designed by using Haar forward and inverse transform, replacing the up-sampling layer of the feature pyramid network and the down-sampling layer of backbone network to retain smaller target features. Furthermore, the pseudo-label-based method enables the network to conduct semi-supervised learning, which reduces the labeling cost and improves detection accuracy while expanding the amount of training data. The above method is applied to the YOLOv5-s lightweight network and 11278 infrared images (3352 labeled) of dim and small ships are collected as a dataset. The results show that the introduction of semi-supervised training method effectively expands the training dataset, and the mAP@.5:.95 increases by 23.5%. The proposed Haar wavelet improvement method can effectively improve the detection accuracy of dim and small infrared ship targets by more than 2%, and the number of parameters increases by only about 0.02M. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method reaches the state-of-the-art result and has good generalization performance.

Abstract We proposed a precise calibration process of Al 0.9 Ga 0.1As/GaAs DBR micropillar cavity to match the single InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) exciton emission and achieve cavity mode resonance and a great enhancement of QD photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Light-matter interaction of single QD in DBR micropillar cavity (Q ∼ 3800) under weak coupling regime was investigated by temperature-tuned PL spectra; a pronounced enhancement (14.6-fold) of QD exciton emission was observed on resonance. The second-order autocorrelation measurement shows g (2)(0)=0.070, and the estimated net count rate before the first objective lens reaches 1.6×107 counts/s under continuous wave excitation, indicating highly pure single-photon emission at high count rates.