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Etiologies of HIV disparities are multifaceted; anti-LGBTQ stigma and social marginalization are contributory factors. A city health department developed a program, #ProjectPresence, exhibiting professional photos of Black LGBTQ persons in public spaces. An academic partner explored the relationship of the program to visibility, anti-LGBTQ stigma and social marginalization of Black LGBTQ persons, i.e. models, directly involved in the program and their perceptions of these relationships more broadly for community members. Brief self-administered surveys and semi-structured, in-depth interviews with #ProjectPresence models (n = 15) were conducted after the program to gather their experiences before, during and after the program. Descriptive analyses of survey responses were conducted using Stata 15.1. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed in NVivo10 using categorical analysis. Surveys indicated prevalent experiences of enacted stigma (73 %) and perceptions of poor local acceptance of LGBTQ people (53 %). Interviews suggested that the program may have influenced positive individual- and community-level changes by increasing visibility of LGBTQ communities and improving acceptance among non-LGBTQ persons, inspiring personal growth and self-acceptance among models, and providing opportunities to foster new connections among LGBTQ subpopulations. Our findings suggest similar programs may present promising approaches for the reduction of stigma and social marginalization affecting LGBTQ persons and communities.

The axe kick in Taekwondo has been observed to be a highly effective offensive and defensive technique. Its purpose is to attack the opponent’s head, collarbone or chest with a powerful downward force. However, few researchers have studied the biomechanics of this kicking technique. The modified competition rules of World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) on the number of points to the head resulted increase in the number of kicks to the head by athletes using the axe kick. Therefore it is important to know the biomechanical principles of the axe kick for executing the kick effectively with minimum injury to the opponent’s head, collarbone or chest and for scoring maximum number of points in a competition. The main purpose of this article is to present a general description, variations and biomechanics of the Taekwondo axe kick.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Inner ear decompression illness is thought to be a rare phenomenon in recreational divers, isolated signs and symptoms of inner ear dysfunction usually being attributed to inner ear barotrauma. Study Design: We present 11 cases of inner ear dysfunction in nine divers with inner ear decompression illness. Results: All nine divers had significant right-to-left shunt as diagnosed by transcranimal Doppler sonography. Conclusions: The authors thought that mechanism of causation in these cases may have been intravascular bubble emboli and that inner ear decompression illness may be more common among recreational divers than currently recognized. Failure to treat inner ear decompression illness with recompression therapy can result in permanent disability. Because the differential diagnosis between inner ear barotrauma and inner ear decompression illness can be impossible, the authors suggested that divers who present with inner ear symptoms following a dive should have recompression immediately after having undergone bilateral paracentesis.

Isometric twitch tension was determined in vitro in rat gracilis anterior muscle during exposure to tyrode's solution at 23.5°C aerated with mixtures of carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Twitch tension was determined once every second. Decrease in tension over time as a function of hypoxia and hypoxia induced by CO was determined. Sixty muscles were studied. The onset of fatigue was accelerated when hypoxia was produced by CO and O2 mixtures in comparison with low O2 alone. Under anoxic conditions, the fatigue rate was nearly doubled by the presence of 100% CO. Recovery from fatigue in the presence of 100% carbogen was prolonged after exposure to CO in comparison to anoxia alone. CO can induce muscle fatigue by impairment of CO2 transport at the cellular level. Delayed recovery from CO induced fatigue suggests intracellular binding of CO. The findings are of importance since under conditions of hypoxia, the affinity of CO for myoglobin and several cytochromes may exceed that of hemoglobin.

Five hundred twenty-five random clean catch urine specimens, collected from 339 adult females, 137 adult males, and 49 pediatric patients, were screened for the presence of bacteriuria with the Uriscreen catalase test and with the Chemstrip 2 LN dipstick. Quantitative cultures were performed on all specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the catalase test, with 10(5) CFU/ml as the threshold for significant bacteriuria, were 91.3%, 72.3%, 33.7%, and 98.0%, respectively. Values for the dipstick were 83.9%, 77.9%, 43.7%, and 96.0%. When 10(4) CFU/ml was used as the threshold, the catalase test had a sensitivity of 89.2%, specificity of 70.4%, positive predictive value of 37.3%, and a negative predictive value of 97.0%. Values for the dipstick at that level were 82.3%, 77.5%, 48.6%, and 94.8%. While the catalase test was more sensitive than the dipstick, it was our opinion that high rates of false-negatives associated with these methods negated the convenience of these fast and simple urine screens.

The use of Ender nails for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures has been described as technically easier and less time consuming than current intramedullary nailing techniques. We reviewed our results with unlocked Ender nails in 26 stable and 17 unstable fracture patterns an average of 3-4 years after injury. Because of continued instability, 42% of the stable and 76% of the unstable groups required adjunctive stabilization in the form of skeletal traction, a cast, or an external fixator. Additionally, nail migration and shortening and loss of motion at the knee were seen in 14 fractures in each group. Although two thirds of the patients with stable fracture patterns obtained good or excellent results, no outcome in the unstable group was rated excellent and only 19% were considered good. We therefore recommend that rigid locked intramedullary nails be used in femoral diaphyseal injuries. The use of Ender nails should be limited to stable fracture patterns and locked with screws or wires. They may be particularly useful for fractures in femora with small medullary canals (less than or equal to 8 mm), fractures below noncemented femoral prostheses, and fractures in young children requiring intramedullary stabilization without injuring the physeal plates.

The cyanomethane adduct of NbCl4 analyses for NbCl4·3CH3CN (1). A crystal-structure determination of this species shows that it contains cis octahedral [NbCl4(NCMe)2] and a solvent CH3CN molecule. The unique bond lengths are Nb–N 2.220(13)A and Nb–Cl 2.328(2), 2.343(6), and 2.349(4)A. The crystals of (1) are orthorhombic with unit-cell dimensions a= 10.437(11), b= 13.883(12), c= 9.828(9)A, Z= 4, and space group Pnma. A total of 729 reflections above background have been collected on a diffractometer and refined to R 0.051.When the cyanomethane adducts of NbX4(X = Cl or Br) are treated with Sb2S3 in cyanomethane, adducts of NbX2S (X = Cl or Br) are formed. The products contain [{NbX2S(NCMe)2}2] in which there is a [graphic omitted] ring. The crystal structures of two compounds, (2) and (3), containing the [{NbCl2S(NCMe)2}2] dimeric unit have been determined. In (2) there are two molecules of occluded CH3CN for each dimer while (3) has one. Both (2) and (3) are triclinic with space group P, with (2) having a= 9.031 (7), b= 9.367(6), c= 8.360(8)A, α= 108.72(9), β= 94.93(7), γ= 105.70(8)°, Z= 1 and (3) having a= 14.965(18), b= 8.838(17), c= 9.543(23)A, α= 112.42(18), β= 84.39(28), γ= 103.65(21)°, Z= 2. For (2), 1 434, and for (3), 1 530, independent reflections above background have been collected on a diffractometer and refined to R 0.056 and 0.050 respectively.The dimer configurations in (2) and (3) are identical. The niobium atoms are in a pseudo-octahedral environment consisting of two cis sulphur [Nb–S 2.338(8)–2.349(7)A], two trans chlorine [Nb–Cl 2.383(6)–2.403(5)A], and two cis nitrogen atoms [Nb–N 2.286(26)–2.334(22)A]. In addition, in each dimer there is a Nb–Nb single bond [2.862(2)–2.872(3)A].

Benton John. Les entrées dans la vie. Etapes d'une croissance ou rites d'initiation. In: Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public, 12ᵉ congrès, Nancy, 1981. Les entrées dans la vie. Initiations et apprentissages. pp. 9-14.

The reaction of NbBr4(NCMe)2 with Sb2Se3 in MeCN solution yields a tetranuclear adduct Nb4Br10Se3(NCMe)4, in which two of the metal atoms have a valence state of four, the remaining two being tervalent; in the adduct the niobium(III) atoms are not involved in any metal-metal interaction and, since the compound is diamagnetic, they must have a doubly occupied dz2, ground state electronic configuration.

El bentos de lagos y embalses argentinos es casi desconocido. Con este estudio, se pretende conocer 1) la distribución espacial,dinámica y producción del zoobentos del embalse Ezequiel Ramos Mexía con énfasis en la oferta alimentaria de peces; 2) elbalance y rol energético del zoobentos en el ecosistema embalsadoy 3) la calidad de agua a partir de bioindicadores. Entre 1983 y 1986, se extrajo ccn una draga Ponar un total de 813 muestras,con una frecuencia mensual en 5 sitios litorales y trimestral, en 24 sitios en toda la extensión del embalse (813 km2). Se hallarcn 120 especies de invertebrados bentónicos entre lascuales los quironómidos, ácaros y entomostracos fueron los taxacon mayor riqueza específica. Sobre un total de más de mediomillón de organismos.m-2, los oligoquetos (principalmente Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) y los harpacticoideos (Attheyellacranulata y A. wiesseri) son dominantes en todo el embalse y losquironómidos y gasterópodos (principalmente Chilina gibbosa) sonrelevantes en la zona litoral. Excepto algunos oligoquetos yquironómidos, la fauna se restringe a los tres centímetros superficialesdel sedimento. Las variables mas usualmente medidas delsedimento son buenos predictores de la biomasa del zoobentos. Existe una pronunciada heterogeneidad en la distribución espacialdel zoobentos. El oleaje y la remoción de los sedimentos poracción del viento son los principales factores depresivos de ladiversidad, abundancia, biomasa, productividad y metabolismo dela comunidad bentonica. En base a dichos factores se han determinado trestipos de litoral: A) el de bahías pequeñas protegidasdel viento, con bajo intercambio de agua con el eje principal, yelevado aporte orgánico por parte de una densa vegetación sumergiday donde la producción zoobentónica anual es superior a 70 gsecos sin cenizas.m-2; B) el de bahías grandes con pendiente ycontenido orgánico del sedimento moderados, donde la producciónzoobentónica anual varía entre 7 y 30 g.m-Z); y C) el de bahíasgrandes que permanecen sin agua durante el estiaje o padecen laacción de las olas, cuyo sedimento es arenoso, generalmentedesprovisto de macrofitas, y cuya producción de bentos es menorde 1 g.m-2. De acuerdo a esta tipología, se estima que 65% del árealitoral es apta como fuente de alimento para peces bentófagos,incluyendo el área costera que solo se inunda en verano. Estealimento compuesto por 20 especies produce en promedio 4.8 g.m-2en la zona litoral y 10 veces menos en la profunda. El caracol Chilina gibbosa y los quironómidos son los que más contribuyen aesta oferta con 70 y 15% respectivamente, y satisfacen 97% y 61% de la demanda trófica del pejerrey y de la perca boca chicarespectivamente. La pronunciada selectividad de la perca bocachica sobre estos dípteros disminuye la superposición de su nichotrófico con el de la perca bocona. La oferta se duplica en ellitoral A y puede disminuir drásticamente en el litoral B porfuertes estiajes; generalmente desciende en primavera y verano, acausa de las emergencias de insectos, en su mayoria univoltinos. Las especies multivoltinas y univoltinas no emergentes mantienenla oferta relativamente estable. Se estima que los peces bentófagosproducen anualmente 87 toneladas en el litoral (8.8 kg.hal)y 47 tn en el profundal (0.7 kg.ha-l). Se estimó que la producción anual del zoobentos (> 98 um) esel doble en el litoral (14 g.m-2) que en el profundal aunque laasimilación es tan sólo 21% mayor (252 kcal.m-2). Esto último sedebe a que en el litoral los organismos bentónicos son, en promedio,tres veces mas grandes pero casi dos veces menos abundantesque en el profundal. Cerca de 1000 kcal.m-2.año ingresan alzoobentos desde el cual 79% egresa en heces, 17% en respiracióny sólo 3% es el material producido que emerge o es transferido alos depredadores. Como minimo, 1200 kcal.m-2 ingresan anualmenteal sedimento litoral como detrito orgánico fitobentónico, mientrasque alrededor de 1000 kcal.m-2 ingresan al sedimento profundopor precipitación de material planctónico. El rendimiento ecológico de crecimiento (K1) y el rendimientode producción (K2) fueron bajos aunque mayores en el litoral queen profundal. Los detritos cmstituyen la principal fuente deenergía del zoobentos (90%) mientras que las algas juegan un rolsecundario, excepto en algunos sectores litorales muy productivos. La contribución de los depredadores fue baja lo que reflejaun estado temprano de la sucesión debido al escaso tiempo deembalsado. El zoobentos del litoral A asimila entre 3 y 8 vecesmás que el del litoral B y 800 veces mas que en el C. En lazona profunda, en cambio, los valores de asimilación son mashomogéneos y el valor maximo se encuentra en el eje longitudinaldel embalse. Los peces bentófagos juegan un rol secundario en losegresos del compartimiento bentónico. En relación al resto del ecosistema, la biocenosis planctónicajuega un rol protagónico en la captación (90%) y la transferenciade la energia. Las bacterias heterotróficas incorporan 37%de la producción primaria mientras que el zooplancton y el zoobentoslo hacen en cantidades menores aunque semejantes (3 y 2.1 % respectivamente). Particularmente, se le atribuye al meiobentosparticipar en las tres cuartas partes de la transferencia energéticaen el sedimento. Un total de 11 indicadores señalan oligotrofia y otros 11,mesotrofia, los cuales permiten ubicar el embalse E. Ramos Mexíaun estado oligo-mesotrófico. Fil: Kaisin, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.