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The Red River originating from Yunnan province, China is the second largest river in Vietnam in terms of length and discharge. Combination of water chemistry monitoring data of 4 years (2018–2022) from different sub-basins of the Red River (the Da, Lo, Thao, Tra Ly, and Day) with historical datasets indicates a decline in pH from 8.1 in 2000 to 7.7 in 2021, greater CO2 concentrations and a shift from waters naturally dominated by carbonate weathering to waters dominated by evaporite weathering. Such changes were most apparent in the delta area where heavy human activities have increased influxes of most dissolved chemicals, except SiO2. Evaporite weathering is particularly enhanced by mining and deforestation occurring in upstream regions of both China and Vietnam. Pyrite oxidation, alongside silicate weathering, is enhanced along the Red River Fault Zone but reduced in tributaries with a higher proportion of hydropower reservoirs. Longer water residence times in these large reservoirs (total volume > 2.7x1010 m3) located in the Da and Lo sub-basins have also increased primary productivity, leading to higher evasion/uptake of CO2 and SiO2, lower total dissolved solids (TDS), and higher pH. The total physical and chemical denudation rates of upstream mountain tributaries ranged between 0.107 ± 0.108 and 0.139 ± 0.137 mm yr−1, mainly due to reservoir implementation and instream aquatic biogeochemistry changes. Our findings demonstrate that anthropogenic activities are profound factors impacting the water chemistry of the Red River system.

Research on ecosystem services (ES) is heavily concentrated on ecological and economic indicators and values, with a much more limited understanding of communities’ dependence on cultural ES. That body of research is also typically focused on current generations and generates limited insights into the intergenerational dynamics of ES dependence. We use a survey of six palm harvesting communities in coastal western Ecuador to assess the livelihood dependence of four generations on 17 ES provided by the ivory palm, a near-threatened keystone species in Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama. Despite the historical prominence of the use of the ivory palm’s nut, we find that dependence is highest for regulating, supporting, and cultural ES, a result that holds across generations. We find a negative association between the current generation’s dependence on the ivory palm’s provisioning ES and that of their grandparents, who experienced the historical boom of the ivory palm’s nut exports. In contrast, respondents expect the future generation’s dependence to be positively associated with that of the grandparents’ generation. We find that provisioning ES have a complementary relationship with cultural ES and a substitutive relationship with supporting ES. Relationships across ES categories can be reversed from one generation to the next.

This article presents a case of aortic root rupture after transfemoral aortic valve replacement, successfully treated by a percutaneous approach, with a good evolution of the patient both during hospitalization and in the long term, being asymptomatic at the cardiovascular level after 18 months of follow-up. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

Objetivo: El advenimiento de la pandemia de síndrome respiratorio agudo por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha tenido un impacto en el manejo del resto de las patologías por la elevada presión asistencial generada. Por su historia natural, el cáncer vesical susceptible de cistectomía radical (CR) requiere especial atención. Nuestro objetivo es comparar los resultados perioperatorios y oncológicos de estos pacientes durante el estado de alarma respecto a la era pre-COVID en un centro de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo y analítico. Pacientes intervenidos de cistectomía radical por neoplasia entre abril de 2019 y marzo de 2021 divididos en dos grupos, abril 2019-marzo 2020 (n = 42) y abril 2020-marzo 2021 (n = 43). Resultados: Ambos grupos resultaron ser homogéneos. La mediana de espera desde la resección transuretral de vejiga hasta la realización de la CR no aumentó (82,5 vs. 83 días, p = = 0,860). No se observan tampoco diferencias en la estadificación TNM de las piezas quirúrgicas. Los tumores localmente avanzados no aumentaron significativamente (18 vs. 21, p = 0,580). La presencia de afectación ganglionar tampoco presentó diferencias significativas (10 vs. 13, p = 0,675). La estancia media disminuyó en un valor cercano a significación (mediana en días: 11 vs. 8, p = 0,056) sin que ello asociase un mayor número de complicaciones o de reingresos a los 30 días. Conclusión: En nuestra serie no hemos constatado diferencias significativas en los resultados perioperatorios y oncológicos de pacientes tratados mediante CR durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract The Magdalena River in Colombia is one of the world's largest (discharge = 7100 m3 s−1) tropical rivers, hosting > 170 aquatic vertebrate species. However, concise synthesis of the current ecological and environmental status is lacking. By documenting the anthropogenic stressors impacting the river on time scales ranging from centuries to decades, we found that the river system is subject to the compounding impacts of climate change, river impoundment, invasive alien species (IAS), catchment deforestation, and water pollution. We show that the Magdalena is a woefully understudied ecosystem relative to its critical importance to Colombia's economy, culture, and biodiversity compared with other similarly sized tropical rivers. We emphasize the need for research on (1) IAS population and ecological dynamics, (2) river damming and its links with IAS and climate change, and (3) land‐use changes as well as identifying sources of water pollution and strategies for mitigation.

O ensaio visual traz o olhar de diferentes lugares nas comunidades do México como um testemunho que faz valorizar o que está sucedendo frente aos meus olhos e ao mesmo tempo honrar um pouco o trabalho teórico diante da prática de realização da imagem visual. A questão central é: filósofos, antropólogos e sociólogos que estudaram os mitos e teorizaram sobre a fotografia não pegaram uma câmera fotográfica para mostrar o que escreveram; não nos presentearam com exemplos visuais. O objetivo, então, é apresentar fundamentos míticos, lendas e a história diante de uma proposta fotográfica que me outorga o sentido da existência sem evitar encontrar por todos os lados possibilidades de integrar o sentido do mito à criação fotográfica.

Abstract This study presents the long‐term evolution of two floodplains lakes (San Juana and Barbacoas) of the Magdalena River in Colombia with varying degree of connectivity to the River and with different responses to climate events (i.e., extreme floods and droughts). Historical limnological changes were identified through a multiproxy‐based reconstruction including diatoms, sedimentation, and sediment geochemistry, while historical climatic changes were derived from the application of the Standardised Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index. The main gradients in climatic and limnological change were assessed via multivariate analysis and generalized additive models. The reconstruction of the more isolated San Juana Lake spanned the last c. 500 years. Between c. 1,620 and 1,750 CE, riverine‐flooded conditions prevailed as indicated by high detrital input, reductive conditions, and dominance of planktonic diatoms. Since the early 1800s, the riverine meander became disconnected, conveying into a marsh‐like environment rich in aerophil diatoms and organic matter. The current lake was then formed around the mid‐1960s with a diverse lake diatom flora including benthic and planktonic diatoms, and more oxygenated waters under a gradual increase in sedimentation and nutrients. The reconstruction for Barbacoas Lake, a waterbody directly connected to the Magdalena River, spanned the last 60 years and showed alternating riverine–wetland–lake conditions in response to varying ENSO conditions. Wet periods were dominated by planktonic and benthic diatoms, while aerophil diatom species prevailed during dry periods; during the two intense ENSO periods of 1987 and 1992, the lake almost desiccated and sedimentation rates spiked. A gradual increase in sedimentation rates post‐2000 suggests that other factors rather than climate are also influencing sediment deposition in the lake. We propose that hydrological connectivity to the Magdalena River is a main factor controlling lake long‐term responses to human pressures, where highly connected lakes respond more acutely to ENSO events while isolated lakes are more sensitive to local land‐use changes.

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo explorar los intereses y opiniones sobre ciencia y tecnología y la influencia del género en estudiantes ecuatorianos. Para ello, se aplicó el cuestionario Relevancia de la Educación Científica (ROSE, por sus siglas en inglés) a una muestra de 1054 estudiantes de entre 16 y 18 años de segundo y tercer años de bachillerato general unificado (BGU). Los resultados muestran opiniones favorables hacia la ciencia y la tecnología, pero solo un interés moderado en los adolescentes, quienes, en general, prefieren no recibir más clases de esas asignaturas. Por otro lado, los estudiantes son positivos sobre el impacto que tienen la ciencia y la tecnología en la sociedad. Finalmente, se encontraron variaciones en la distribución de los temas de interés según el género. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, la situación actual del currículo ecuatoriano de ciencias y la investigación futura.

CASE RESOLUTION The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and with the administration of the standard dose of sodium heparin to prevent thrombosis or systemic embolisms (high risk considering the patient’s condition) via venous femoral access. This procedure was planned using 3D reconstruction through rotational angiography (figure 1 and video 1 of the supplementyary data). Embolization was guided using the roadmapping technique that merges the 3D reconstruction simultaneously while overlapped to the 2D reconstruction in the x-ray image projection required during multiple occlusion device implantations. Figure 1. 3D reconstruction of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation from data obtained from the rotational angiography performed. The medical equipment used during the procedure included 4-Fr guide-catheters (using JR4 or MP catheters based on the anatomical needs of each patient), coils (Concerto Coil System 5/20 mm; Medtronic, United States), and vascular occluder devices (4 mm to 8 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug from; Abbott, United States). A staged occlusion strategy was planned that started with the peripheral closure of the arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using coils followed by the closure of nutrient vessels with coils and vascular plugs. Indeed, according to former studies, both devices combined are associated with a low rate of recanalization after embolization.1 This is the approach that...

RESOLUCIÓN DEL CASO El procedimiento se realizó bajo anestesia general y con la administración de heparina sódica según la pauta habitual para evitar trombosis o embolias sistémicas (riesgo alto teniendo en cuenta la patología de la paciente), con un abordaje femoral venoso. La planificación de la intervención se realizó utilizando una reconstrucción tridimensional mediante angiografía rotacional (figura 1 y vídeo 1 del material adicional) y guiando la embolización con la técnica de roadmapping, que permite fusionar la reconstrucción tridimensional simultáneamente y superpuesta a la bidimensional en la proyección escópica requerida durante los múltiples implantes de dispositivos oclusores. Figura 1. Reconstrucción tridimensional de la malformación arteriovenosa pulmonar analizando los datos obtenidos de la angiografía rotacional. El material para la intervención consistió en catéteres guía de 4 Fr (utilizando catéter JR4 o MP en función de las necesidades anatómicas), coils (Concerto Coil System 5/20 mm; Medtronic, Estados Unidos) y oclusores vasculares (Amplatzer Vascular Plug de 4 a 8 mm; Abbott, Estados Unidos). La estrategia de oclusión se planificó de manera secuencial, procediendo inicialmente al cierre periférico de la malformación arteriovenosa (MAV) mediante coils seguida del cierre de los vasos nutricios mediante coils y oclusores vasculares, ya que dicha combinación ha demostrado presentar...

Abstract Aims There is no quality of life tool specifically developed for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) to assess how this chronic condition and its treatment affect patients. The Toronto Aortic Stenosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (TASQ) has been developed to overcome this gap. The results of the validation of the TASQ in patients undergoing treatment for severe AS are presented. Methods and results Prospective study at 10 centres in Europe and Canada, which enrolled 274 patients with severe symptomatic AS undergoing surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Mean TASQ score at baseline was 71.2 points and increased to 88.9 three months after aortic valve implantation (P

Characterizing heterogeneity is crucial to assess the variability of rock properties in carbonate reservoir samples. This work introduces an original multiscale approach to simulate permeability and porosity in heterogeneous carbonate samples using 3D X-ray computed tomography images. The main novelty of our approach is to introduce a quantitative heterogeneity description in terms of texture classification using machine learning. The rock texture classification result is then used to upscale rock properties simulations from fine to coarse scale. The fine scale properties are investigated based lattice Boltzmann method, while a Darcy-scale flow simulator is adopted for estimating coarse scale properties. In addition, due to the critical role played by petrophysical properties at fine scale, a 3D printing technique is employed to validate experimentally the numerical simulations at this scale. Finally, we present an application of our proposed approach on a real carbonate sample from the Middle East carbonate oilfield reservoir.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir e interpretar el proceso de cambio subjetivo, a partir de una intervención orientada a la reconstrucción de teorías subjetivas del comportamiento prosocial, en estudiantes de primer año de un liceo particular subvencionado de la comuna de Copiapó (Chile). En la intervención participó un curso de 45 estudiantes de primer año de educación secundaria y el cambio se evaluó mediante metodología cualitativa. Se aplicaron entrevistas episódicas y grupos de discusión y los datos se analizaron mediante codificación temática. Los resultados muestran que se produjo un cambio en el contenido y estructura de las teorías subjetivas de estudiantes, acerca del comportamiento prosocial, que orienta más funcionalmente la acción prosocial. En la discusión y conclusión se analiza el cambio subjetivo producido y se destaca la necesidad de continuar realizando estudios orientados a enriquecer la intervención para el desarrollo del comportamiento prosocial.

Abstract This paper uses multimedia to showcase the narratives and lived experiences of those who live and work in tropical Asian mega‐deltas, and as such is the first journal article of its kind in the field of Regional Geography. Using videos, photography and audio this paper describes the characteristics of ponds and their place in the intrinsically connected human‐environmental fabric of these delta regions. The aim is to bring to life descriptive inventories and provide greater weight in support of our conclusion that tropical Asian mega‐delta ponds are important and threatened systems. River deltas comprise just 1% of land cover worldwide but support the livelihoods of more than 500 million people. Delta research has historically focused on the major river channels and the socio‐ecological role of ponds has been overlooked despite their large number and surface area. Ponds are intrinsically linked to daily life (potable water, sanitation, bathing, washing), industry (aquaculture, agriculture) and the natural‐cultural heritage (religion, folklore) of deltas. In contrast to the larger river channels, ponds are likely to be significant stores and processors of nutrients, including carbon, and pollutants at annual to decadal scales, on account of their heavy anthropogenic use and smaller individual sizes. Consequently, they are severely polluted water sources and pose significant public health risks. In this review, we use case studies from three Asian mega‐deltas (the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam, and the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta, India and Bangladesh) to highlight the importance of Asian mega‐delta ponds as important socio‐ecological systems in their own right. We discuss future environmental challenges, knowledge gaps on the ecological function and biodiversity of these habitats, management and policy practices, and the capacity of ponds to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Abstract The merits of CO2 capture and storage to the environmental stability of our world should not be underestimated as emissions of greenhouse gases cause serious problems. It represents the only technology that might rid our atmosphere of the main anthropogenic gas while allowing for the continuous use of the fossil fuels which still power today’s world. Underground storage of CO2 involves the injection of CO2 into suitable geological formations and the monitoring of the injected plume over time, to ensure containment. Over the last two or three decades, attention has been paid to technology developments of carbon capture and sequestration. Therefore, it is high time to look at the research done so far. In this regard, a high-level review article is required to provide an overview of the status of carbon capture and sequestration research. This article presents a review of CO2 storage technologies which includes a background of essential concepts in storage, the physical processes involved, modeling procedures and simulators used, capacity estimation, measuring monitoring and verification techniques, risks and challenges involved and field-/pilot-scale projects. It is expected that the present review paper will help the researchers to gain a quick knowledge of CO2 sequestration for future research in this field.

In Solid-State Chemistry, a well-known route to obtain new compounds and modulate their properties is the formation of solid solutions, a strategy widely exploited in the case of classical inorganic perovskites but relatively unexplored among emergent hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). In this work, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first dicyanamide-perovskite solid solution of [TPrA][Co0.5Ni0.5(dca)3] and study its thermal, dielectric and optical properties, comparing them with those of the parent undoped compounds [TPrA][Co(dca)3] and [TPrA][Ni(dca)3]. In addition, we show that the prepared doped compound can be used as a precursor that, by calcination, allows CNTs with embedded magnetic Ni:Co alloy nanoparticles to be obtained through a fast and much simpler synthetic route than other complex CVD or arc-discharge methods used to obtain this type of material.

We review the potential for applying traits-based approaches to freshwater testate amoeba, a diverse protist group that are abundant in lakes and are valuable ecological indicators. We investigated the efficacy of geometric morphometric analysis to define Arcellinida test size and shape indices that could summarize freshwater testate amoeba community dynamics along a temporal gradient of eutrophication in Loch Leven, Scotland (United Kingdom). A cluster analysis of test size and shape indices yielded three clusters, each dominated by a single shape: elongate, spherical and ovoid. When plotted stratigraphically, we observed increases in spherical tests, decreases in elongate tests and shrinking of test size coeval with eutrophication in Loch Leven. Decreases in the elongate cluster may reflect benthic conditions with reduced oxygen levels, while increases in the spherical cluster are likely associated with an expanding macrophyte community that promoted pelagic and epibiotic life habits. Shrinking of test size may be a stress response to eutrophication and/or warming temperatures. Tracking community dynamics using test size and shape indices was found to be as effective as using species-based approaches to summarize key palaeolimnological changes, with the added benefits of being free from taxonomic bias and error. The approach thus shows significant potential for future studies of aquatic community change in nutrient impacted lakes.

Tropical rivers are dynamic CO _2 sources. Regional patterns in the partial pressure of CO _2 ( p CO _2 ) and relationships with other a/biotic factors in densely populated and rapidly developing river delta regions of Southeast Asia are still poorly constrained. Over one year, at 21 sites across the river system in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam, we calculated p CO _2 levels from temperature, pH, and total alkalinity and inter-linkages between p CO _2 and phytoplankton, water chemistry and seasonality were then assessed. The smaller, more urbanized, and polluted Day River had an annual median p CO _2 of 5000 ± 3300 µ atm and the larger Red River of 2675 ± 2271 µ atm. p CO _2 was 1.6 and 3.2 times higher during the dry season in the Day and Red rivers respectively than the rainy season. Elevated p CO _2 levels in the Day River during the dry season were also 2.4-fold higher than the median value (2811 ± 3577 µ atm) of calculated and direct p CO _2 measurements in >20 sub/tropical rivers. By further categorizing the river data into Hanoi City vs. other less urban-populated provinces, we found significantly higher nutrients, organic matter content, and riverine cyanobacteria during the dry season in the Day River across Hanoi City. Forward selection also identified riverine cyanobacteria and river discharge as the main predictors explaining p CO _2 variation in the RRD. After accounting for the shared effects (14%), river discharge alone significantly explained 12% of the p CO _2 variation, cyanobacteria uniquely a further 21%, while 53% of the p CO _2 variance was unexplained by either. We show that the urbanization of rivers deltas could result in increased sources of riverine p CO _2 , water pollution, and harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Such risks could be mitigated through water management to increase water flows in problem areas during the dry season.

In this work, we design, build, and test one of the very first barocaloric devices. The here presented device can recover the energy generated by an individual’s footstep and transform it into barocaloric heating and/or cooling. Accordingly, we present an innovative device that can provide eco-friendly and gas-free heating/cooling. Moreover, we test the device by measuring a new barocaloric organic polymer that exhibits a large adiabatic temperature change of ~2.9 K under the application of 380 bar. These results pave the way towards novel and more advanced barocaloric technologies and provide a simple and low-cost device to explore new barocaloric materials.

The spread of invasive macrophyte species is a pressing threat to neotropical shallow lakes. Yet there are few studies addressing the full extent of biotic and abiotic changes that may occur in response to invasive species. Less is known of how other human-induced stressors such as eutrophication and lake draining may interact over time with invasive macrophytes to influence biodiversity. We combined limnological observations with paleoecological data from Fúquene Lake, Colombia, a eutrophic neotropical shallow lake, to provide information on the current and long-term (decades-centuries) dynamics of the spread of two well-established invasive plants Eichhornia crassipes and Egeria densa. We found a unique in macrophyte species composition in areas currently dominated by Egeria and Eichhornia. Eichhornia-dominated areas had 14 macrophyte species, turbid (secchi=19 ± 6 cm) and poorly oxygenated (3.94 ± 2.61 ppm) waters whereas Egeria-rich areas supported 5 species and had clearer (secchi=51 ± 12 cm) and better-oxygenated (6.06 ± 2.4 ppm) waters. Historical macrophyte community shifts were linked to eutrophication and lake level variation and characterized by the loss of charophytes and bryophytes before 1500 CE and subsequent reductions in Nymphaea sp., Potamogeton illinoensis and Najas guadalupensis in the early 1900s (lake draining). Eichhornia crassipes (since 1500 CE) and E. densa (early 1900s) occurred well before proposed dates of introduction (1950s and 1990 respectively). Both species have rapidly expanded since the 1990s along with Azolla filiculoides in response to an inflow water diversion scheme and heavy nutrient loads. Our results suggest that the spread of Eichhornia and Egeria was not responsible for native macrophyte species loss, but that their current dominance is exerting synergistic and antagonistic secondary effects on plant assemblages through habitat modification, competitive exclusion and promotion of habitat heterogeneity across the lake. It could therefore be misleading to suggest that invasive plants causes macrophyte species loss in degraded lakes. We suggest that aggressive species like Eichhornia, Azolla, and Egeria require hydrologically stable and eutrophic environments to spread; thus, management actions should focus on controlling these two factors. Our study demonstrates the need to use a long-term approach to fully-understand the effects of invasive macrophytes.

Temperature-dependent Raman scattering and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to the study of the hybrid organic-inorganic azide-perovskite [(CH3)4N][Cd(N3)3], a compound with multiple structural phase transitions as a function of temperature. A significant entropy variation was observed associated to such phase transitions, |∆S| ~ 62.09 J·kg−1 K−1, together with both a positive high barocaloric (BC) coefficient |δTt/δP| ~ 12.39 K kbar−1 and an inverse barocaloric (BC) coefficient |δTt/δP| ~ −6.52 kbar−1, features that render this compound interesting for barocaloric applications. As for the obtained Raman spectra, they revealed that molecular vibrations associated to the NC4, N3– and CH3 molecular groups exhibit clear anomalies during the phase transitions, which include splits and discontinuity in the phonon wavenumber and lifetime. Furthermore, variation of the TMA+ and N3– modes with temperature revealed that while some modes follow the conventional red shift upon heating, others exhibit an unconventional blue shift, a result which was related to the weakening of the intermolecular interactions between the TMA (tetramethylammonium) cations and the azide ligands and the concomitant strengthening of the intramolecular bondings. Therefore, these studies show that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to gain information about phase transitions, structures and intermolecular interactions between the A-cation and the framework, even in complex hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with highly disordered phases.

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

El estudio es de carácter preliminar y tiene como objetivo describir los niveles de sintomatología de estrés post-traumático y estrés subjetivo en una muestra de 149 estudiantes universitarios de Copiapó, Chile Se utilizó una estrategia asociativa de tipo comparativa transversal y un diseño de grupos naturales. Se aplicó una encuesta sociodemográfi ca breve y los instrumentos: Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y Escala de Impacto al Evento Revisada (EIE-R). Se observó que del total de la muestra el 2% presenta síntomas de estrés postraumático; el 85% presenta síntomas de mediana intensidad de impacto al evento y el 13.4% síntomas severos de estrés subjetivo. Se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas en los puntajes de las escalas en función de la variable grado de impacto emocional, TEPT, F(4, 144) = 17.81, p < .001 y EIE-R F(4, 144) = 17.96; p < .001 y grado de pérdida material, TEPT, F(5, 143) = 3.20, p < .01 y EIE-R, F(5, 43) = 3.26; p < .01. No se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones en función del sexo. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de baja prevalencia de estrés postraumático.

Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country’s natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the Global Wetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3—“Improve water quality„; 2.4—“Sustainable food production„; and 12.2—“Sustainable management of resources„. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4—“Efficient resource consumption„; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: “Basic human needs„, “Sustainable tourism„, “Environmental impact in urban wetlands„, and “Improving and conserving environment„. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a “wise use„ of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems.

El presente estudio constituye un análisis de los testimonios de dos grupos de profesores de escuelas municipales de Copiapó, Tercera Región, Chile, quienes son clasificados como pertenecientes a " Escuelas Exitosas" y “Escuelas No Exitosas”, considerando los logros obtenidos en las pruebas SIMCE, juicio de expertos, y actividades en general. La tesis planteada se refiere al “pensamiento del profesor sobre el éxito/fracaso de su respectiva unidad educativa”, considerando las teorías implícitas, creencias, percepciones y visiones, que poseen los sujetos informantes, es decir, se pretende explicitar los lineamentos cognitivos que guían la acción del profesor. La investigación se enmarca en el paradigma de “Pensamientos del Profesor”. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa de estudio de casos, correspondiente al método de la “Teoría Fundamentada” de Glasser y Strauss, que pretende generar conocimiento desde la base, sin partir de un marco teórico a priori, sino que del relato de los participantes. El estudio deja en evidencia que en la percepción de los profesores, los elementos más relevantes del éxito/fracaso de sus escuelas son la visión de liderazgo, visión de escuela, calidad de los profesores, calidad de los alumnos y apoderados, y la percepción sobre el aprendizaje de los educandos, lo que se manifiesta en objetivos claros y orientados a las tareas, evaluación permanente, tanto interna como externa al establecimiento, perfeccionamiento de profesores en servicio, clima organizacional muy positivo, sistema colaborativos entre los miembros del sistema educativo, y expectativas de altos rendimientos por parte de la totalidad de los agentes involucrados. Descriptores: Representaciones sociales, teorías implícitas, liderazgo, organización educativa, clima organizacional, formación inicial de profesores. Teacher’s Thoughts About the Success of Failure of His Own Educative UnitThe present study constitutes an analysis of Public school teachers´ testimonies from Copiapó, Third Region, Chile, whom have been classified as belonging to “Successful Schools” and “Non Successful Schools”, considering their achievements in SIMCE tests, expert judgment, and activities in general.The following Research is about “teacher’s thoughts about success/failure of their own corresponding educational units”, considering the Implicit Theories, beliefs, perceptions and visions, owned by the reporters, i.e., to explain the cognitive alignments which guide the teacher’s performance.The research is framed on the “Teacher’s Thoughts”. A Case Study Qualitative methodology will be used, corresponding to Glasser and Strauss´ ”Fundament Theory”, which tries to generate knowledge from the base, without starting from a prior theoretical framework, but from the participants´ reports.This research shows that according to the teacher’s perceptions, the most relevant elements of success/failure in their schools are mainly the leadership vision, school vision, quality of teachers staff, quality of students and parents, and the perception about students’ learning, which can be demonstrated in clear and task-oriented standards , continuous evaluation, both external and internal to the school, in-service teachers training, a very positive organizational environment, cooperative system among educational system members, and high performance expectations from all the participants involved.Keywords: Social representations, implicit theories, leadership, educational organization, organizational environment, teachers starting formation.

Human pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem. In resistant individuals, control of the infection mainly requires development of a Th1 cell immune response with production of cytokines, of which interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)plays an important role. Several antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been described for use in vaccine development or for diagnostic purposes, however little evaluation has been done in endemic area for TB. The proliferative and IFN-gamma human T cell immune responses, to four recombinant proteins (MBP-3, NarL, MT-10.3, 16 kDa) and PPD, of 38 Brazilian TB patients (6 untreated and 32 treated) and 67 controls (38 positive and 29 negative tuberculin skin test - TST) were compared. The highest reactivity mean rate was obtained with PPD followed by 16 kDa in TB patients. While most of the patients (87%) and controls (> 64%) respond to the PPD, 16kDa was more specifically recognized (> 21%) although less sensitive (54%). When TB patients were divided according to treatment status, opposite to PPD, higher average level of IFN-gamma was induced by 16kDa in untreated (505 pg/ml) compared to treated TB patients and TST+ (269.8 pg/ml x 221.6pg/ml, respectively), although the difference was not significant. These data show that in contrast with the other recombinant proteins, the stimulatory potency of 16kDa to induce proliferative and INF-gamma response was more effective and is more recognized by active TB untreated patients, eliciting in control individuals a more selective immune response than PPD.

A tendência de integrar a produção artística no corpo da investigação académica, embora de diferentes modos e com variável pertinência, tem crescido consideravelmente. Isto tem acontecido, em muitos casos, por factores conjunturais em que artistas –devido à sua “nova” condição de docentes universitários– investigam sobretudo o seu trabalho artístico, isto é, como se preparam (a nível musical, técnico ou psicológico), como ensaiam, como produzem sentido, como criam as suas narrativas emocionais, como as executam, ou como são percebidos e/ou apreciados pelas suas audiências, contribuindo assim para a compreensão dos seus processos criativos e do ritual da performance. Enquadram-se assim no âmbito da subdisciplina da Musicologia denominada Estudos em Performance. Alguns porém, ao focalizarem-se nos inextricáveis aspectos da experiência estética: poiésis, aesthesis e/ou katarsis, assumem uma investigação em que a prática performativa é uma componente essencial tanto do processo como dos resultados de investigação. Esta nova realidade, que poderemos denominar Investigação em Performance resulta assim de uma fractura no modelo epistemológico dos Estudos em Performance e encontra grandes afinidades com a emergente área da Investigação Artística, obrigando-nos a repensar conceitos como “conhecimento”, “investigação” e “validação”. Neste quadro teórico a noção de embodied meaning é crucial.

Resumen

Resumen

El artículo trata la problemática de la teoría y del modelo como re-presentaciones de la intelección racional y como esbozo de lo que sería la "cosa en la realidad". Desde esta perspectiva, aparecen como modos de "aprehensión" de la realidad por parte del intelecto humano y, por tanto, como modos de comportamiento que se expre­san mediante actos. The issue of the theory and the model as re-presentations of the rational intellection is presented here, but also as outlines of the "thing" would be in a "real situation". As seen from this point of view they appear to be ways of "apprehension" of reality performed by the human intellect and, as such, they are behavioral patterns expressed in actions.

Este artículo trata sobre algunos problemas epistemológicos de la literariedad compuesta por sus elementos (actantes) y las relaciones que se mantienen entre ellos. También se refiere a los problemas de la configuración de la literariedad a nivel lingüístico e imaginario. Asimismo se analizan algunos problemas acerca de la "lectura" o "recepción" literaria, especialmente sobre la arbitrariedad y validez de las diversas interpretaciones. Estas reflexiones se ejemplifican mediante el análisis literario de una novela: La casa contigua de Erich Rosenrauch. This article presents some epistemological problems of the "literarity" ("literaturnost") made up by its elements ("actants"), and also about the relations acting upon them. At the same time it states the configuration problems of "literarity", both at a linguistic and imaginary level. There is also an attempt to analyze some of the problems related to the literary "reading" or "reception", especially the validity and arbitrariness of the several interpretations. These reflections are exemplified by means of the literary analysis of a novel by Erich Rosenrauch: La casa contigua.