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Los dispositivos actuales de sistema de arrastre motorizado son muy precisos a la hora de seleccionar las cargas y obtener resultados. Al emplearlos con mayor frecuencia, podría ampliarse el cuerpo teórico sobre los efectos de los métodos de supervelocidad. Nuestros objetivos eran analizar los resultados de una intervención de supervelocidad con un sistema de arrastre motorizado sobre la velocidad máxima de desplazamiento (VMD), la longitud y el ritmo de los pasos; el tiempo de vuelo y contacto y la distancia hasta el primer apoyo desde la proyección vertical del centro de masas, así como plantear una propuesta metodológica. Seis jóvenes deportistas (edad: 16.71 ± 2.00 años) realizaron diez sesiones de supervelocidad con una asistencia del 5.05 ± 0.53 % del peso corporal al 105.83 ± 1.79 % de la velocidad máxima de desplazamiento, utilizando el dispositivo 1080 Sprint. Tras la intervención, se obtuvieron aumentos no significativos (p > .05) del 2.94 % (IC 95 %: 0.25 – 5.62) de la velocidad máxima voluntaria de carrera con un tamaño del efecto grande (rB: 0.71; IC 95 %: 0.00 – 0.95). La distancia al primer apoyo desde la proyección vertical del centro de masas presentó diferencias significativas (p < .05; drB: 1; IC 95 %: 1 – 1). Los aumentos no significativos de la velocidad máxima de desplazamiento no pueden despreciarse en la competición de alto nivel, donde los deportistas difieren por pequeñas diferencias de rendimiento. Dada la crucial importancia de elegir una carga de entrenamiento adecuada, resulta necesaria una metodología estandarizada que permita comparar los resultados.

Abstract Background Endoprosthetic knee replacement using megaprostheses has become a common strategy for preserving joint function in patients with distal femur tumors. While existing literature has primarily focused on surgical techniques, complications, and implants, recent improvements in patient survival rates have sparked increased interest in the long-term functional outcomes associated with this treatment. Methods This case-control study evaluated functional outcomes—Timed Up and Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, and sagittal knee range of motion—and health-related quality of life (SF-36) between patients with distal femoral megaprostheses (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 48). Participants performed the TUG and 6MWT equipped with an inertial measurement unit. Additionally, bivariate Spearman correlations were calculated within the patient group to assess relationships between Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scores and functional outcomes. Results Patients performed significantly worse than controls in the TUG test, with longer completion times (Mean Difference: -3.3 s; 95% CI: -5.7 to -0.9; p = 0.008), reduced rotational speed during the middle turn (Mean Difference: 16°/s; 95% CI: 7 to 25; p 0.05). In patient group, bivariate Spearman correlations indicated a very strong positive association between MSTS scores and knee extension strength (ρ = 0.710; p

La imposición de multas de tránsito ha representado un desafío creciente en Ecuador, especialmente en relación con los excesos de velocidad y sus consecuencias en autopistas, vías urbanas y carreteras convencionales. El uso de dispositivos electrónicos, como los fotorradares, ha permitido la detección automática de estas infracciones, registrando información relevante como la velocidad del vehículo, la fecha, el lugar del hecho y los datos identificativos del automóvil. No obstante, se han identificado problemas en el proceso de notificación telemática, lo que ha generado situaciones en las que el ciudadano no es informado de manera adecuada sobre la multa impuesta. En este contexto, la presente investigación propone una modificación al Art. 238 del Reglamento para la Aplicación de la ley de Transporte Terrestre, Tránsito y Seguridad Vial. La propuesta sugiere implementar una constancia de lectura de la notificación telemática de multas de tránsito, que debe contener información clara y completa, asegurando así que el infractor esté debidamente informado y pueda ejercer su derecho a la defensa. Adicionalmente se implementó un sistema informático que sirve de soporte a la propuesta realizada, para agilizar el proceso de consulta y confirmación de notificaciones telemáticas.

La creciente necesidad de pruebas digitales en el ámbito judicial es un fenómeno global que exige la implementación de un marco de preservación de pruebas electrónicas que sea confiable y efectivo. El correcto mantenimiento de la cadena de custodia es crucial para asegurar que se garantice la justicia en los tribunales. Sin embargo, es importante reconocer que los seres humanos representan el eslabón más vulnerable en cualquier cadena de confianza. En este contexto, la tecnología blockchain emerge como una solución prometedora para la preservación de pruebas electrónicas, especialmente en el ámbito del Internet de las Cosas (IoT). Blockchain permite almacenar y analizar datos de pruebas digitales de manera segura y confidencial, estableciendo un marco robusto de control de acceso que protege la integridad de la información. Al integrar esta tecnología en el proceso de gestión de evidencias, se puede minimizar el riesgo de manipulación y garantizar la trazabilidad y autenticidad de las pruebas, fortaleciendo así la confianza en el sistema judicial. En esta investigación se definió un conjunto de seis criterios específicos de peritaje para que sean incluidos en la normativa procesal ecuatoriana. Adicionalmente se propuso un marco de preservación de pruebas electrónicas basado en blockchain para el IoT que implementa la cadena de custodia y utiliza la plataforma Ethereum para resforzar los principios de descentralización y transparencia que son fundamentales para la tecnología blockchain. La viabilidad de la propuesta se realizó mediante criterio de expertos, la cual fue evaluada como muy pertinente.

Thirty-six species and three genera of moths are recorded for the first time in Colombia, in the families Notodontidae (31 spp., 2 genera), Saturniidae (4 spp., 1 genus), and Sphingidae (1 sp.). All records are based on photographs of live individuals attracted to white and UV lights.

The objective of this study is to model astrophysical systems using the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation, with the Adomian method chosen for its iterative and precise solutions in this context, applying boundary conditions relevant to data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The results include analysis of 156 X-ray intensity distributions from X-ray binaries (XRBs), exhibiting long-tail profiles consistent with Tsallis q-Gaussian distributions. The corresponding q-values align with the principles of Tsallis thermostatistics. Various diffusion hypotheses—classical, linear, nonlinear, and anomalous—are examined, with q-values further supporting Tsallis thermostatistics. Adjustments in the parameter α (related to the order of fractional temporal derivation) reveal the extent of the memory effect, strongly correlating with fractal properties in the diffusive process. Extending this research to other XRBs is both possible and recommended to generalize the characteristics of X-ray scattering and electromagnetic waves at different frequencies originating from similar astronomical objects.

Purpose This research aims to evaluate adaptive physical education learning in deaf students at special elementary schools. Methods This study employs an evaluation model approach to assess the efficacy of adaptive physical education instruction. Specifically, this research utilizes the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model for evaluation. The participants in this study were teachers who taught physical education in West Sumatra, with a sample size of 60 teachers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The results showed that all statement items of the questionnaire were valid for reliability testing. Results The results of this research showed that the evaluation using the context and input components of the CIPP scored 74.32% and 70.71%, respectively, indicating both as good. However, the process and product aspects attained a score of 50.83% and 48.10% indicating them as enough. Conclusions This research concluded that the implementation of adaptive physical education learning for deaf students was good. Based on the results, this research recommends that evaluations be conducted at the school level for students with special needs. Additionally, evaluation is also needed using participants involved in education.

Photogrammetry (PG) appeared as an alternative for multiple implant impressions. Stereo-photogrammetry is a more sophisticated alternative to PG, which estimates the 3D coordinates of the points of an object, making the process quicker and more precise. A search in PubMed MEDLINE, PMC, and Google Scholar was conducted to find systematic reviews published in the last 10 years. The PICdental® camera (IDITEC NORTH WEST, SL; Torrelodones, Spain) is a stereocamera that records implant positions in the mouth by means of photogrammetry with the objective of registering and obtaining a viable, reliable, and direct digital impression of the positions of the multiple implants. The use of photogrammetry via PiCdental® camera as an alternative to digital impression for multiple implants is an easy and trustworthy technique that permits an adequate fit without prosthetic complications.

El monográfico "Para comprender la juventud: claves pedagógicas y psicosociales" aborda la complejidad de la juventud como una etapa determinante en el desarrollo humano, caracterizada por transformaciones físicas, emocionales y sociales. Mediante una perspectiva interdisciplinar que combina enfoques pedagógicos y psicosociales, los artículos presentados exploran temas fundamentales para entender mejor a la juventud en la sociedad contemporánea. Los principales temas tratados incluyen la gestión del tiempo y su impacto en el bienestar juvenil, la participación en actividades estructuradas de ocio, y el papel de las redes de apoyo social. La autorregulación en el manejo del tiempo se destaca como un factor esencial para la salud mental y física, especialmente en contextos de vulnerabilidad. Las actividades de ocio, como el teatro, la música o el deporte, se describen como espacios que contribuyen tanto al bienestar personal como a la autorrealización juvenil. Asimismo, el apoyo social, proporcionado por redes familiares y comunitarias, emerge como un componente crucial para fomentar la resiliencia, la autonomía y el bienestar de los jóvenes. El monográfico enfatiza la necesidad de intervenciones socioeducativas que promuevan la autorregulación y el bienestar, involucrando a diversas instituciones para maximizar el apoyo a la juventud.

El ocio serio, en un sentido tanto positivo como negativo, puede ocupar buena parte del tiempo de una persona —especialmente en la juventud. Para profundizar en conocimiento de las experiencias del ocio y del tiempo, en esta investigación se caracteriza el ocio serio de una muestra de jóvenes, precisando sus relaciones con las perspectivas temporales (pasados negativo / positivo, presentes hedonista / fatalista, futuro). Cumplimentaron los inventarios de ocio serio y de perspectivas temporales 354 jóvenes (186 hombres, 174 mujeres) con edad M = 32,18 y DT = 4,41. Los resultados especifican la frecuencia y la duración de los ocios serios, diferentes entre sí según: el progreso en la práctica, el esfuerzo y la perseverancia —aspectos correlacionados con las perspectivas temporales; en particular, el presente hedonista. Estos hallazgos ofrecen un nuevo conocimiento al ver de qué manera —y hasta qué punto—, en el contexto de la juventud y de la ambivalencia del ocio, el ocio serio está imbricado en las actitudes hacia el tiempo —que orientan y condicionan el comportamiento del día a día.

Abstract Most European rewilding initiatives are based on the recovery of large herbivores, particularly European bison Bison bonasus, aiming at restoring ecosystem processes and increase trophic complexity. The growing support for the release of bison as a wild species, and change its legal status, in Spain, as an ecological analogue of the extinct steppe bison Bison priscus, makes it an excellent example to reflect the limits of a rewilding biogeographically advisable. We discuss if this initiative could be justified from ecological, biogeographical, ethical, and legal reasons. Besides remarkable taxonomic and functional differences between both bison species, the Mediterranean environment, under the present and future climatic scenarios, does not suit the European bison. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the presumption that the European bison was ever present in the Iberian Peninsula, with legal implications. We expect that our approach will be inspirational for similar assessments on rewilding initiatives globally.

An innovative nanovehicle based on lipid nanocapsules (LNC) was designed to facilitate the passage of a new 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, namely PUC-10, through the blood-brain barrier. PUC-10 is a new synthetic N-arylsulfonylindole that has demonstrated potent 5-HT6 receptor antagonist activity, but it exhibits poor solubility in water, which indicates limited absorption. The lipid nanocapsules designed had a nanometric size (53 nm), a monomodal distribution (PI

This study aims to investigate the effects of a new training method for archery athletes with different distances, namely 20 meters, 50 meters, and 70 meters, in improving concentration and anaerobic endurance. The pre- and post-control group design was used in this study with the sample selection method using the purposive sampling technique. The criteria for participants in this study include: actively practicing archery, aged 14-20 years, having at least 5 years of archery competition experience, domiciled in East Java Province, not injured, and willing to participate in the study until the end. 40 sub-elite archery athletes (20 males, 20 females) became participants in this study and were divided into 4 groups: conventional training (CON), training with a shooting distance of 20 m (NEAR), training with a shooting distance of 50 m (MID), and training with a shooting distance of 70 m (LONG) training groups. Each group underwent a 12-week training program specific to their assigned distance. The instrument used to measure concentration is the standardised archery mirror drawing test and to measure anaerobic endurance using the RAST test instrument. The results of the paired sample t-test analysis showed that in the anaerobic endurance variable, the NEAR, MID, and LONG groups had a p-value 0.05. In the concentration variable (time), all groups had a p-value

The aim of this research is to analyse the physical components that can support the proper archery performance of young Indonesian athletes. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design involving 18 athletes from the East Java and West Java Archery Training Centre as the research subjects. Each athlete carried out a physical test consisting of 9 physical test items (1' incline sit up, Bosy Right, Bosy Left, MFT, Hover, Superman Back Hold, Pinch Grip, standing balance test, standing archery hold), which the trainer has prepared according to the needs of archery. After that, archery performance assessment was done using the recurve division's individual qualification system, i.e., arrow athletes performed 72 arrow shots. The data were then analysed using descriptive tests, silhouette method tests, and K-means clustering analysis to classify physical components and simplify the data collection process. These processes increased the accuracy of changes needed in the training process to improve athlete performance. A correlation test was also conducted using a Spearman's rho with a significance p

Este documento se centra en determinar el consumo cultural de teatro, productos audiovisuales, televisión y museos durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 en Colombia. Estos descriptivos y tendencias de consumo se desarrollan y estiman a partir de SPSS versión 25, en donde se realizó reducción de dimensiones por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio para el consumo cultural resultado de la Encuesta de Consumo Cultural (ECC) de 2020, realizada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE); cuyos resultados permiten reconocer a la televisión como el canal por el que más consumen contenido las personas (73,7 %) en el país. Entre otros resultados, las edades de mayor consumo cultural están entre los menores de edad y de los 18 hasta los 32 años, los cuales representan el 52,6 %. Esto ratifica que debe darse un mayor apoyo a las tecnologías de información y virtualización, que involucren con mayor contundencia las necesidades de contenido para estas edades y posibiliten que aumenten el acceso y uso de diferentes formas de consumo de cultura.

Este estudio presenta el caso de un minúsculo señorío valenciano de población musulmana. El debate abierto acerca de su origen, islámico o feudal, se origina por una razón de carácter fiscal que genera un choque de intereses realengo/señorío a principios del siglo XIV. A través de fuentes cancillerescas se analiza y define la antigüedad del emplazamiento y se reconstruye su propiedad a lo largo del primer siglo de dominación cristiana del reino de Valencia.

El presente artículo constituye una aproximación teórica al uso de los Entornos Innovadores de Aprendizaje (EIA) como contextos educativos inclusivos en la educación obligatoria. Los EIA combinan un diseño innovador del espacio y prácticas educativas innovadoras para favorecer la inclusión educativa y responder a las necesidades del alumnado. Se destaca la importancia del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) y el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje Accesible (DUA-A) como teorías inclusivas que se pueden aplicar en estos entornos, afianzando de esta forma la primera idea. A modo de conclusión y como aportación novedosa se proponen una serie de características que deben tener estos EIA para diseñarse correctamente y facilitar la inclusión de todo el alumnado.

This study aims to compare how students learn archery skills in terms of physiological ability factors arising from first, middle, and last shots. Arm muscular strength is one physiological ability aspect that affects archery skills. Physical fitness has a big impact on archery success or accomplishment. This comparative quantitative study aims to ascertain how much student learning outcomes for archery skills vary or differ from one another. Thirty individuals from five different classes of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (2019/2020) were sampled using the cluster random sampling method. Inferential one-way ANOVA descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis in this study, with a significance threshold of α 0.05. The research results show a difference in the average of the three archery skills learning outcomes for the students. The differences are between the outcomes of the first shot (encroachment), middle shot, and final shot. The results of Tukey’s post hoc follow-up test indicated that (1) there was a significant difference (p 0.05) in the average shot result (encroachment) between the first and the middle shots; (2) there was a significant difference (p 0.05) in the average shot result (increase) between the first and the last shots; and (3) there is no significant difference (p 0.05) in the average shot results between the middle shot and the last shot (p 0.05).

Abstract Background Instances of attacks from large carnivores that lead to human injury or death are increasingly reported worldwide. Ensuring human safety when people and carnivores co-occur is central to minimizing human suffering but is also essential to support sustainable carnivore conservation. Various interventions are available intended to alter either the behavior of large carnivores or people, in order to reduce the likelihood of a risky encounter and an attack. Collated evidence on best practices is still lacking, and this protocol outlines a systematic review of evidence for intervention effectiveness to reduce the risk or severity of direct attacks on humans by large carnivores. Specifically, the review seeks to answer the question: How effective are evaluated interventions in reducing large carnivore attacks on people? Methods The bibliographic databases Zoological Record, BIOSIS Citation Index, and Scopus will be searched using a predefined search string. Grey literature will be requested through professional networks, contacts with relevant organizations, and searching selected websites. All returned titles and abstracts will be manually screened using Rayyan.ai. For inclusion, studies should describe the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) of the review research question and be written in English, Spanish, or Swedish. Review papers will be excluded. All records of data coding and extraction are documented in a purposely developed, and priorly piloted, data sheet. Critical appraisal of study validity will be done according to the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Critical Appraisal Tool prototype version 0.3. Review outcomes will be synthesized in a narrative, and if possible, a quantitative synthesis. The narrative synthesis will describe in text the carnivore population (species, location), context (target object, intervention model), as well as the design and reported results of each study. The quantitative synthesis will include a summary statistic, preferably logarithmic risk ratio, calculated for each original study. A forest plot will be created to visualize study outcomes, as well as judgments of critical appraisal. Provided that enough data is available and that it complies with its assumptions, a meta-regression analysis will be undertaken using metafor package for R software.

ABSTRACT Wolves (Canis lupus) exhibit contrasted activity patterns along their distribution range. The shift from diurnal to nocturnal habits within and among populations appears to be primarily driven by localized levels of human activity, with ambivalent responses toward such disturbance reported among populations. Yet, the drivers and the underlying individual variability of temporal avoidance patterns toward human remains unexplored. We equipped 26 wolves with GPS–GSM collars, obtaining 54,721 locations. We used step lengths, turning angles, and accelerometer data from recorded locations to infer activity through hidden Markov models (Conners, M. G., T. Michelot, E. I. Heywood, et al. 2021. “Hidden Markov Models Identify Major Movement Modes in Accelerometer and Magnetometer Data From Four Albatross Species.” Movement Ecology 9, no. 1: 1–16.). We further explored the probability of activity as a function of a set of proxies of anthropogenic disturbance at different spatial scales and its interaction with different periods of the day by fitting population‐level and individual‐based hidden Markov models. Wolves were predominantly active during dusk and night, yet variations in activity emerged among individuals across day periods. We did not find clear population‐level effects of anthropogenic disturbance predictors, as these were masked by a wide range of individual‐specific responses, which varied from positive to negative, with inter‐individual variability in responses changing according to different predictors and periods of the day. Our results suggest a non‐uniform strategy of wolves in adapting their behavior to human‐dominated environments, further underscoring the role of vegetation patches acting as functional refuge cover for buffering the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and boosting the persistence of the species in human‐dominated landscapes. This study, for the first time, reveals the individual variability in wolf responses to human disturbance. By fitting hidden Markov models to data from GPS–GSM collars deployed on 26 wolves, we found significant variation between individuals in their responses to different levels of anthropogenic pressure and across different times of day, highlighting a non‐uniform strategy for coping with perturbations in human‐dominated landscapes. Our findings underscore the diverse behavioral adjustments employed by wolves to persist in these environments and highlight the critical importance of vegetation patches serving as refuge cover.

Injury or wound is damage to the structure or function of the body due to physical force or pressure. This study aims to analyze the risk of injury in young footballers in terms of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) based on static balance scores. This study used a descriptive observational research method. The subjects were 31 young footballers (age 13.6±0.5 years, BMI 19.5±2.2 kg/m², TD 15.5±10 months). The data collection instrument involved FMS and Stand Stork Test (SST). The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found that the FMS score with a high injury risk category was 6.45% in the SST poor category. Meanwhile, FMS scores in the moderate injury risk category were 19.35% in the SST moderate category, 32.25% in the SST poor category, and 3.25% in the SST very poor category. FMS scores in the low injury risk category were 6.45% in the moderate SST category and 32.25% in the poor SST category. The conclusion is that SPSS soccer academy students have a potential risk of injury in the moderate category and a static balance level in the less category. In addition, after reviewing the results of FMS scores based on SST scores, it can be concluded that FMS scores in the moderate category are found in samples with poor category SST, which is 32.25%. This study suggests improving static balance to prevent the risk of sports injuries in young footballers. Similar research in the future is also recommended, especially the one that uses other physical component variables and different research sample characteristics.

Contexto: en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se ha visto la presencia de varios desórdenes endocrinos, siendo el hipotiroidismo uno de ellos, impactando fuertemente en su evolución. Su incidencia en Colombia es poco conocida en este grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo en pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica no dialítica (ERCND) y analizar si las variables demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio permiten diferenciarlos de pacientes eutiroideos con ERCND. Metodología: pacientes interconsultados durante un periodo de cinco años en el servicio de Nefrología del Hospital de Caldas y la Universidad de Caldas, por deterioro en la función renal, incluyéndose solo aquellos que cumplieron con los criterios compatibles con ERC. En todos se evaluaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio como parte de un programa de nefroprotección, y se diagnosticó hipotiroidismo si el valor de TSH era mayor a 4,5 mUI/l. Resultados: en una población de 1332 pacientes interconsultados, de los cuales 535 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, el hipotiroidismo se presentó en el 29,2?% de los pacientes con ERCND. El 25,23?% tuvo valores de TSH entre 4,5 y 10, y el 3,74?% mostró valores mayores a 10 mUI/l. No encontramos variables demográficas, clínicas ni de laboratorio que permitieran diferenciar entre pacientes eutiroideos e hipotiroideos con ERCND. Conclusiones: no hay parámetros que orienten la sospecha de la presencia de hipotiroidismo en pacientes con ERCND. Recomendamos que al ingresar al programa de nefroprotección, y por su importancia pronóstica, a todos se les practiquen exámenes de rutina de TSH y T4L.

Badminton has become one of the most popular sports globally, with competition intensifying at various levels of competition. This research aims to conduct a systematic review of the strategies used to improve the performance of badminton athletes. By understanding effective strategies, coaches, and athletes can improve their preparation and performance in competition. A systematic method was used to identify and analyze literature related to training strategies, nutrition, recovery, and psychological aspects that affect the performance of badminton athletes. Relevant articles were searched through academic databases and reliable reference sources. Predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select studies that met the review objectives. The results of the review showed that various strategies have been used to improve the performance of badminton athletes. These strategies include physical training methods, game tactics, nutritional interventions, recovery strategies, and psychological approaches. Some strategies were found to have a significant effect on improving athlete performance, while others require more research for further validation. In the context of improving the performance of badminton athletes, this review concludes that various training strategies, the use of modern technology, nutrition, recovery, and psychological approaches can be effective in improving athlete performance. The importance of implementing these strategies in athletes' training and preparation programs cannot be doubted. However, it should also be kept in mind that the use of appropriate strategies should be tailored to the needs of the individual and the phase of competition preparation. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the specific strategies that are most effective in the badminton context, as well as to validate these findings in a practical setting. Keywords: Badminton, Performance, Strategy, Systematic Review

Most large carnivore populations have increased in recent decades in Europe. Along with the adoption of the EU Habitats Directive in 1992, the EU launched a funding program entirely dedicated to environment, nature protection and climate action, the European LIFE programme. Here, we explore the investment of this programme in large carnivore conservation across Europe, from its implementation in 1992 to 2020 (28 years), with respect to budgets, species considered, economic factors and the geographical distribution of the projects. A total of 153 projects have directly or indirectly targeted large carnivores, with a total budget of ca. 338.2 M€ (EU contribution >194.1 M€). Despite the transboundary character of most large carnivore populations, only 5.8 % of projects worked across national borders. Large carnivores did not receive equal attention within the programme, and EU Member States from Southern Europe accumulated 77.7 % of the projects. The region of Abruzzo (Italy) has been granted with the highest number of projects (n= 28), followed by Castilla y León (Spain, 16 projects). At national level, the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) did not correlate with the number of LIFE projects granted, but the proportion of the GDP invested in the protection of biodiversity and landscapes (positively). However, at the level of European regions (NUTS 2), those regions with lower average per capita GDP were more frequently granted with LIFE projects. We discuss several factors affecting the distribution of projects across Europe, and we make recommendations for future investments in maximizing large carnivore conservation under this program.

El present article tracta de recollir els aspectes més importants de la fiscalitat de la vila de Biar durant la Baixa Edat Mitjana. Es tracta d’un treball sobre història social, on se segueix l’activitat dels recaptadors i dels gestors de les diverses rendes i impostos que es cobraven: els delmes, les regalies, impostos directes (com la peita o la cena), impostos extraordinaris, etc. Coneixerem els beneficis que n’obtenien, i el lligam que els unia a l’oligarquia municipal, convertint-los en una de les bases socials del poder reial. També estudiarem el creixement econòmic que experimentarà la vila de Biar al llarg del segle XV per causa de l’augment dels ingressos que generarà la principal renda de la Corona (el terç-delme) i per la moltura i la distribució dels cereals (molins i forns). S’aporta una extensa collita de dades, que estimula la seua reflexió i, al mateix temps, s’ofereix una visió de la societat d’aquell moment històric. A més a més, s’aporten dades que s’han pogut extraure de la col·lecció de pergamins de l’Arxiu Històric Municipal de Biar (AHMB). Pergamins que fan referència a l’economia i la fiscalitat de la vila com: àpoques, censals i quitaments, impostos i pagaments, salaris dels càrrecs municipals i escrivanies, exoneració del pagament de la peita per privilegis reials, establiment de regalies i aspectes sobre aigua, molins i la conflictivitat que ocasionava el seu ús per a tasques de regadiu.

Wind farm layout optimization is essential to maximize the energy production of renewable energy systems. A new layout optimization method for offshore wind farms is proposed to minimize power deficits due to the wake effect without limitation on the number of turbines, the shape, or the extension of the concession area. The main engine of the algorithm is a gradient-descent method in which throughout the optimization process, new turbines are progressively and randomly included within the concession area and quickly expand outward, looking for areas with less perturbation, in turn, pushing the previous ones. When the optimization process ends, to avoid local maxima, it enters into a process of suppression of the set of locations that cause the greatest potential (power deficit). Then, a map of potential for the entire area is created, and a greedy algorithm places new turbines to complete the layout with the final number of turbines. The overall process is completed in 25 s. To drastically speed up the search process and the creation of the potential map, a simplification has been validated and added: for turbines affected by multiple wakes, the resulting power has been calculated by using a linear aggregation of power deficits, instead of the usual linear (or quadratic) aggregation of speed deficits. Owing to this type of aggregation, an analogy is established between power deficit and repulsive non-isotropic electrostatic potential energy, which allows using the properties of conservative fields. Thanks to this, the process is 20 times faster than any other layout optimization algorithm found in the revised literature. Irregular concession areas are easily treated using Stokes’ theorem to detect outer points.

This study aims to examine differences in scores resulting from beginner archery skills among teenagers based on gender (male & female) and shooting target distance factors (5 m, 10 m, & accumulated distances of 5 and 10 m). The sample for this research was 22 male and female students from classes XA, XB and XIA, taken using the cluster random sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential factorial two-way anova. The mean score for male students at a shooting distance of 5 m was 57.82 and for female students was 49.36. The mean score for male students at a shooting distance of 10 m was 37.82 and for female students was 31.82. The mean score for male students at the accumulated shooting distance of 5 and 10 m was 59.18 and for females was 50.00. The results of the Anova test on the variable shot distance factor, Sig. value. 0.80 > 0.05 means there is no significant difference in archery skill results based on shooting distances of 5 m, and 10 m and accumulated 5 and 10 m. In the gender factor variable, the Sig. value. 0.325 > 0.05 means there is no significant difference in the results of archery skills based on male and female gender. Next, the variable factor of shooting distance and gender is the Sig. value. 0.985 > 0.05 means there is no influence or interaction between the factors of shooting distance and gender in determining the results of archery skills. The results of this research provide the conclusion that factors such as; training strategies and methods, experience, use of technology in training programs, and individual skill development are more crucial in improving archery skills among young beginners. Coaches and educators in the field of archery are advised to design inclusive and adaptive training programs, which do not focus too much on gender or shooting target distance as determining factors, but rather on developing individual skills and strengthening physical and mental aspects that support increased performance in archery. Keywords: Differences, Skills, Archery, Beginner, Youth, Gender, Distance.

Archery is a sport that uses a series of lower body coordination to maintain static balance in the upper body, which is then designed to shoot arrows at the target. This study aimed to determine differences in the physical condition of archery athletes in the provinces of East Java, West Java, and DKI Jakarta in the XX National Sports Week (PON) XX multi-event event in Papua. A total of 27 archery athletes as research subjects were divided into 3 groups: East Java, West Java, and Jakarta. Data collection used physical tests, including the Superman Back Hold (SBH) test, right (HGR), and left (HGL) hand grip strength and static balance tests. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed significant results for all variables (p ≤ 0.05), and the Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that the East Java group had the best SBH, HGR, HGL, and statistical balance values compared to West Java and Jakarta. In conclusion, East Java Province has archery athletes with better physical conditions, superman back holds, hand grip strength, and static balance than the provinces of West Java and DKI Jakarta. Keywords: Archery, Hand Grip, Strenght, Superman Back Hold.

El Puerto de Honda, Tolima, fue tal vez el puerto más importante del s. XIX para el interior de Colombia, pues en sus aguas se gestaba el comercio que entraba y salía de Santa Fe de Bogotá. En este puerto también es donde se produjeron múltiples procesos sociales, como la boga y la esclavitud, que sectorizaban sus pobladores en las riberas del río Magdalena, estableciendo jerarquías y castas. Finalmente, por las características biogeográficas de la zona, esta área cuenta con biomas con gran diversidad de recursos para la subsistencia, entre los que resalta la pesca en el Magdalena. Sin embargo, el análisis bioarqueológico ejecutado en la colección del cementerio republicano de Puerto Bogotá, hallado en 2018 en el margen derecho del Magdalena, frente a Honda, para el proyecto de Minciencias-511 “Análisis paleogenético y paleoantropológico de los grupos prehispánicos de la cuenca del río Magdalena”, parece indicar una posible situación de marginalización y de carencia, ya que el 15,6% presentan lesiones poróticas, un 33,8% lesiones inflamatorias periósticas y un 22,2% hipoplasias en el esmalte dental. Entre estos casos se resaltan tres individuos (uno juvenil y dos infantiles) que concentran varios marcadores de estrés inespecífico, dando cuenta de su padecimiento reiterado en vida. Estos casos llevan a considerar escenarios de segregación y limitación en el acceso a los recursos de ciertos sectores de la población, especialmente frente a aquellos inhumados en el cementerio de Puerto Bogotá.

This research aims to examine differences in Physical Education (PE) learning outcomes for high school students based on gender and learning motivation. The sample in this research was 84 high school students in Yogyakarta and was taken using a simple random sampling system. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential factorial two-way anova. The mean score for male students in the low learning motivation category was 86.29 and female students in the low learning motivation category was 83.71. The mean score for male students in the moderate learning motivation category was 83.21 and female students in the moderate learning motivation category was 84.14. The mean score for male students in the high learning motivation category is 85.64 and female students in the high learning motivation category is 82.64. The results of the Anova test on the learning motivation factor variable value Sig. 0.42 < 0.05 means that there is a significant difference or influence between students' learning motivation (low, medium and high) on PE learning outcomes. In the gender factor variable, the Sig. value 0.001 < 0.05 means that there is a significant difference or influence between gender (male and female) on PE learning achievement. Next, on the variables of learning motivation and gender, the Sig. value 0.000 < 0.05 means that there is an influence or interaction between learning motivation factors and gender on students' PE learning outcomes. The conclusion is that PE design needs to take into account the specifics of gender and type of sport. This is so that male and female students have the right to exercise according to their portion in order to benefit from the PE program at school. Apart from that, it is also to provide maximum enjoyment and achievement for students in various games and sports activities in PE without any pressure. The conclusion is that motivational factors and gender significantly interact and influence students' PE learning outcomes. Therefore, it is important for teachers to consider these two factors in designing and implementing effective PE learning, paying special attention to the specific needs and conditions of each student based on their respective learning motivation and gender. Keywords: Achievement, Learning Results, Physical Education, Students, Gender, Learning Motivation

This research aims to determine the achievement of Physical Education (PE) learning outcomes based on parents' work and its relationship to differences in parents' social status in providing learning motivation to students. The sample in this research was high school students in DI Province. Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential factorial one-way ANOVA. One-way anova test results Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 so there is a significant difference in the average of the three PE learning outcomes between students whose parents are civil servants, farmers and entrepreneurs. First Post Hoc follow-up test Sig. 0.000 < 0.05, so that there is a difference in the PE learning achievement of students with their parents' jobs as civil servants and farmers. Post Hoc follow-up test for both Sig. 0.375 > 0.05 so that there is no difference in the PE learning achievement of students with their parents' jobs as civil servants and entrepreneurs. Post Hoc follow-up test for the three Sig. 0.001 < 0.05 so that there is a difference in the PE learning achievement of students whose parents are farmers and entrepreneurs. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant difference in the average achievement of PE learning outcomes for high school students based on the social status of parents' jobs as civil servants, farmers and entrepreneurs. The social status of parents' work has an influence on the PE learning achievements of high school students in relation to providing learning motivation for students. Working as a civil servant requires a person to have a formal education of at least a bachelor's degree, while for farmer and self-employed jobs it is not required to have a formal bachelor's degree. Parents who work as civil servants and have formal educational experience of at least a bachelor's degree, at least have a tendency to motivate their children to achieve good learning outcomes in compulsory subjects such as PE or other compulsory subjects. However, the farming profession could be stronger and higher in providing learning motivation to their children, with the hope that their children who are still studying at high school level will not become farmers like their parents and can continue at a higher level of formal education. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Physical Education, Social Status, Parental Employment, Learning Motivation.

This research aimed to determine differences in physical fitness levels based on Race and Gender in Indonesia. It used a comparative quantitative approach. The samples in this research were elementary school students in three provinces: Sumsel, DIY, and NTT. They were selected using cluster random sampling and yielded 254 people. Then, the samples were clustered to equalize numbers based on students’ gender and regional race (South Sumatra, DIY, & NTT). After this process, the remaining 132 people were taken. Students’ physical fitness data were collected using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI). The data were then analyzed using the parametric Two-Way ANOVA statistics. The results of the Two-Way ANOVA test showed that the race factor variable had a value of Sig. 0.00 < 0.05. This value indicates a significant difference in the TKJI test scores between races in the three provinces: South Sumatra, DIY, and NTT. In the gender factor variable, the Sig. 0.001 < 0.05, meaning a significant difference was also found in the TKJI test scores between male and female students. Furthermore, for the combined race and gender factor variables, the Sig 0.485 > 0.05. Since the Sig value was greater, there is no influence or interaction between the race and gender factors in the three provinces in determining the results of the students' TKJI scores. Differences in physical fitness in terms of race can be caused by differences in physical activity, socioeconomic status, and social factors, such as racial discrimination and interpersonal racial discrimination. These differences can manifest as emotional stress due to increased psychological stress and increased risk of unhealthy behavior, including activities. In addition, the difference in physical fitness was also found between genders. The results show that men have a better level of physical fitness than women. One of the reasons is possibly due to increased fat mass associated with growth and puberty in girls. In addition, boys are often more active than girls. Keywords: Physical fitness, Student, Race, Gender

This study aims to rectify the inadequacy in basketball shooting skills by devising a specialised training programme for the basketball extracurricular activities at SMA Negeri 1 Sampang. Utilizing Sugiono's Research and Development (R&D) framework, the study involved 23 participants from the basketball program at SMA Negeri 1 Sampang. Data collection methods included observation of activities, interviews, and questionnaires, focusing on gathering and analyzing pertinent data. The research incorporated a three-tier expert validation process, comprising assessments from basketball coaching experts (average score 80.75%), basketball theory experts (average score 84.89%), and media specialists (score 100%). The evaluation of the developed training model involved trials with the 23 student participants, divided into a smaller group of 6 and a larger group of 17. The trials yielded success rates of 96.15% and 96.43% for the small and large groups, respectively. These results indicate that the basketball shooting training model for Sampang Regency's extracurricular activities is of high validity, suggesting its suitability for implementation without the need for further modifications. Key Words: learning media; extracurricular; basketball, High School degree, Shooting technique.

Abstract. This research aims to determine the implementation of Physical Education (PE) learning management related to 21st-century skills based on the service length of PE teachers in various schools with different quality assurance cultures. The sample in this study was secondary school PE teachers in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research employed descriptive statistics and inferential factorial one-way Anova to analyze the data. One-way Anova test results in Sig. 0.009 < 0.05 means a significant difference in the average of the three PE learning outcomes between teachers with work periods of 1-7, 8-15, and 16 years or more. Firstly, the Tukey post hoc test Sig value is 0.024 < 0.05, meaning there is a difference in PE learning outcomes between 1-7 and 8-15 years of service. Testing the two Sig values ​​is 0.983 > 0.05, meaning there is no difference in PE learning outcomes for working years 1-7 and 16 years and above. Test the three Sig values. 0.016 < 0.05, so there is a difference in PE learning outcomes between 8-15 and 16 years of service. This research concludes a significant difference in the average PE learning achievement between teachers with tenure of 1-7, 8-15, and 16 years or over. Thus, it can be concluded that the service length of PE teachers influences the effectiveness of implementing learning management containing 21st-century skills. Teaching experience plays a role in implementing teaching methods and techniques that suit the demands of 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. This underlines the importance of continuous professional development for teachers, especially in improving teaching skills relevant to the student's needs in the current era of the 21st century. The results of this research can assist policymakers, school administrators, and teachers in designing and implementing more effective PE programs in classroom conditions and prioritizing needs according to the conditions of each school.

Concentration is needed for students to support successful learning achievement. Many students experience various concentration problems, especially in elementary schools. This disturbance can come from improper use of gadgets, including playing games excessively. The research was quantitative in nature. It employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample involved 14 students who were taken using a purposive sampling method. The data about students’ concentration were collected from two tests, a GTC test before and after an intervention. They were then analyzed using paired sample t-test and n-gain score. The results of the paired samples statistics test showed that the pre-test value was 46.57 and the post-test value was 55.00. This result indicates an increase in students' concentration scores descriptively. Following that, a t-test was conducted on the paired sample, yielding a Sig value. 0.256 > 0.05. This means that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in students' concentration scores. An effectiveness test was also performed by calculating the n-gain score. The finding showed an average value of 0.10 and was classified as low. The conclusion is that the implementation of descriptive badminton material PE class management can increase the concentration of elementary school students, but there is no significant increase between pre-test and post-test scores in the groups or classes given the intervention. It is indicated that the increase in students’ concentration is caused by the PE intervention with badminton sports material. This finding is also confirmed by previous research, which stated that a significant relationship exists between sports intensity and students' ability to concentrate on learning. Keywords: Class Management, PE, Badminton, Concentration, Elementary School.

Colombia is particularly affected by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) weather fluctuations. In this context, this study explores how adverse weather events linked to ENSO affect inflation expectations in Colombia and how to incorporate these second-round effects into a small open economy New Keynesian model. Using BVARx models, we find evidence that inflation expectations – obtained from surveys and break-even inflation measures – are influenced by weather-related supply shocks. Building on this stylized fact, we modify one of the core forecasting models of the Banco de la República to incorporate the mechanisms through which weather-related shocks could affect marginal costs and inflation expectations. We conclude that ENSO shocks play a significant role in influencing both inflation and the dynamics of inflation expectations, a fact that should be considered by policymakers.

This study aimed to determine the effect of 10 weeks of unilateral training on asymmetry and jumping performance in sub-elite badminton athletes. 23 out of 41 badminton athletes who met the inclusion criteria were taken as samples in this study. Selected samples will be given unilateral exercise interventions in the form of Swiss ball hamstring curl exercises and single leg bridge for ten weeks with a frequency of exercise 3 times a week. Data were collected two times before the intervention (pretest) was given and after the intervention (posttest). The measurement uses the Norbord test to determine the condition of hamstring asymmetry and the Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) jump test to determine jump height. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of hamstring asymmetry p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 20.26±10.25 % to Posttest: 9.20±3.51 %) and has a large effect size with a Cohen's d value of 1.443, and an increase in jump height p ≤ 0.001 (Pretest: 33.06±4.93 cm to Posttest: 35.17±4.54 cm) and has a medium effect size with a Cohen's d value of 0.447. The conclusion is that 30 unilateral exercises for ten weeks can improve hamstring asymmetry above 10% and increase jumping performance in badminton athletes. Keywords: Hamstring Asymmetry, Jump performance, Unilateral exercise

Dysmenorrhea is the term used to describe lower abdominal pain that women feel during their menstrual cycle. Teens suffering from menstrual pain typically have lower abdominal cramps and other symptoms that interfere with day-to-day activities. An alternative to medication for treating menstruation discomfort is yoga. This study aimed to ascertain whether yoga may lessen dysmenorrhea in teenagers enrolled in school. This approach uses the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to review literature. The PRISMA approach utilized for this literature review was adhered to during the article selection process. The research's selection criteria comprised works published within the last five years, specifically from 2018 to 2023. Yoga was employed to lessen dysmenorrhea discomfort in the research population, consisting of young women with monthly pain. Between 2018 and 2023, 666 studies were discovered to have satisfied the publication selection requirements. Fifteen journals that fit the requirements for this study were identified through the PRISMA route search. According to the data, yoga has been shown to have a calming effect on teenage menstrual discomfort in 15 journals. Thus, yoga is a successful non-pharmacological management strategy for lowering dysmenorrhea in school-age teenagers. This is because yoga may be calming, encouraging the body to release endorphins, which function as organic painkillers. Yoga is a mild activity that helps the body avoid stiffness, pressure, pain, and tiredness while increasing flexibility safely. It enhances lung capacity when breathing, improves blood circulation, eases physical and emotional stress, and lessens pain. Additionally, practising yoga helps women with PMS feel more at ease by reducing dangerous inflammatory secretions. Key Words: Yoga; Dysmenorrhea; Menstrual; Teenagers

This research aims to determine the differences in serve performance of junior tennis players based on age and gender. The sample comprised 60 males and females aged 10, 12, and 14. The data collection instrument was Hewitt's tennis achievement test. The research showed that the age factor variable for junior tennis athletes had a Sig. Value of 0.00 < 0.05. It means that there is a significant difference in junior tennis serve results. In the gender factor variable, the Sig. Value was 0.007 < 0.05, which means a significant difference is found in the results of tennis serves. Furthermore, when combined, the Sig. Value of the age and gender was 0.977 > 0.05, which means there is no influence or interaction between age and gender in determining the results of tennis serve shot scores. In conclusion, the serve has an important role in tennis. This serve can be improved and trained throughout a player's career, from beginner to professional. The differences are visible between males and females from an early age. Based on the general result, males can serve 8-10% better than females because of physical strength, movement skills, and anthropometry. Male players have a faster serve speed and generate more serve points than females. It is caused by anthropometric factors where height and weight correlate with service speed in age and gender groups. In addition, height is associated with a higher serve impact point to increase success in serving. Keywords: Serve, Tennis, Junior, Gender, Age.

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Abstract Background Research on procrastination, regarding time perspective factors and basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) has placed this problem at the meeting point of individual and contextual variables. The present study focused both on the individual, given that time perspectives can be defined as a person’s attitude to an object (time) at three moments (present, past, future); and on contextual aspects, because the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, relatedness) is facilitated or made difficult by social contexts. Based on this, the aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between time perspectives and inter-subject procrastination variations, testing the moderating role of BPNS in this relationship. Method A total of 1,188 undergraduate students, aged 17–50 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.63), completed three questionnaires containing the variables of interest. Results Regression analyses showed significant negative (thus, potentially protective) association of future time perspective with all three procrastination dimensions (decisional procrastination, implemental delay, and lateness). Conversely, past-negative time perspective showed a positive (thus, potentially adverse) association with procrastination. Satisfaction of the need for competence also showed a negative (thus, potentially protective) association with all procrastination dimensions. On eight occasions, the relationships between time perspectives and procrastination dimensions were moderated by psychological need satisfaction. Conclusions These findings show that BPNS may play relevant roles in the negative (favourable) relationships between procrastination dimensions and positive time perspectives, as well as in the positive (adverse) associations between negative time perspectives and procrastination dimensions. Contextual interventions fostering enhanced levels of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as future time perspective, are thus strong candidates to consider for use and evaluation by policy makers, pedagogues, teachers, coaches and other professionals interested in counteracting procrastination tendencies.

Despite of having been originally formulated more than one hundred years ago, the Köppen classification is still nowadays the climate classification most widely used in climatological studies. Based on the empirical relationship between climate and vegetation, this climate classification provides an efficient and easy way to describe climate conditions and their seasonality by using a simple but ecologically meaningful classification scheme. This study examines the temporal evolution of the Köppen climate classification in Spain for the period 1951-2020, using high-resolution gridded datasets of monthly mean temperature and precipitation with 1 x 1 km spatial resolution. Climate classification maps for consecutive 30-year reference periods are compared, and the temporal evolution of each climate type in Spain is analysed, showing a progressive expansion of the arid climate zones and a contraction of the cold climate zones along the study period.

Abstract Background The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is used for cytopathological diagnosis of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules (TN). Diagnosis of Bethesda Category III (CIII) has estimated malignancy rates of around 10%-30%, which vary between different institutions. Objective. To review cases of FNA interpreted as CIII thyroid nodules. To evaluate cytopathological criteria used to interpret FNA for CIII thyroid nodules and the associations between cytological and radiological aspects. To determine the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules classified as CIII, based on the correlation with surgical procedure. Methods. Retrospective study of FNA’s cytologic criteria of TN classified as CIII, carried out between 2010 and 2016. The patients included in the study were those who underwent the first FNA in the service and who were diagnosed with CIII. The patients had their cytological slides and medical records reviewed to detect the conduct flow followed after the CIII diagnosis. All cases that had histological slides available of their thyroidectomy products, total or partial, reviewed. The associations between clinical, histological and cytological findings were statistically studied. Results. Among 63 patients with resected nodules, 17 (27%) were malignant, 13 of which were papillary thyroid carcinomas. Among the benign cases, 18 patients (28.1%) had chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis/Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Papillae (p = .004) was the criterion best associated with the diagnosis of malignancy. Conclusion. The malignancy rate was consistent with the rate of malignancy predicted in the TBSRTC. It is important to point out that the sample of this study is relatively small, which compromises specific evaluations and reduces the robustness of the observed data. CIII is extensively studied in the literature, however there is still a need for more precise studies regarding the correlations between cytological findings and other parameters. Probably, more than other categories, CIII may require a combination of cytological, radiological and clinical interpretation, with pathology leading role in this diagnosis process.

Abstract NAD is a coenzyme central to metabolism that also serves as a 5′-terminal cap for bacterial and eukaryotic transcripts. Thermal degradation of NAD can generate nicotinamide and ADP-ribose (ADPR). Here, we use LC-MS/MS and NAD captureSeq to detect and identify NAD-RNAs in the thermophilic model archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and in the halophilic mesophile Haloferax volcanii. None of the four Nudix proteins of S. acidocaldarius catalyze NAD-RNA decapping in vitro, but one of the proteins (Saci_NudT5) promotes ADPR-RNA decapping. NAD-RNAs are converted into ADPR-RNAs, which we detect in S. acidocaldarius total RNA. Deletion of the gene encoding the 5′−3′ exonuclease Saci-aCPSF2 leads to a 4.5-fold increase in NAD-RNA levels. We propose that the incorporation of NAD into RNA acts as a degradation marker for Saci-aCPSF2. In contrast, ADPR-RNA is processed by Saci_NudT5 into 5′-p-RNAs, providing another layer of regulation for RNA turnover in archaeal cells.

Migratory and local birds may disperse ticks and their associated pathogens. The aim of this study was to provide information regarding ticks infesting birds in Asturias, a region that accounts for most of the Lyme disease hospitalizations in Spain. From September 2021 to April 2023, trained and experienced bird-banders collected ticks from birds in two estuary and four forest locations. A total of 1698 birds (52 species, 38 genera, and 26 families) were captured. A total of 51 ticks (28 larvae, 20 nymphs, and 3 females) were collected from 43 birds, belonging to three species: Ixodes ricinus (31), Ixodes frontalis (18), and Haemaphysalis concinna (1). The average prevalence of tick infestation was 2.5% and the average tick burden was 1.2 ticks per infested host. The bird species Turdus merula, Parus major, Luscinia svecica, and Anthus pratensis were among the most infested. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in one I. ricinus nymph collected from Phylloscopus collybita. We have not detected Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, or piroplasmids in any of the 51 analyzed ticks. These results suggest low infestation rate in migratory/estuary birds and a higher rate in forest/sedentary ones. Despite this, the detection of pathogens, although with low prevalence, can pose a risk to public health.

In the field of biomechanical modeling, the development of a prosthetic hand with dexterity comparable to the human hand is a multidisciplinary challenge involving complex mechatronic systems, intuitive control schemes, and effective body interfaces. Most current commercial prostheses offer limited functionality, typically only one or two degrees of freedom (DoF), resulting in reduced user adoption due to discomfort and lack of functionality. This research aims to design a computationally efficient low-level control algorithm for prosthetic hand fingers to be able to (a) accurately manage finger positions, (b) anticipate future information, and (c) minimize power consumption. The methodology employed is known as model-based predictive control (MBPC) and starts with the application of linear identification techniques to model the system dynamics. Then, the identified model is used to implement a generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm, which optimizes the control effort and system performance. A test bench is used for experimental validation, and the results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme significantly improves the prosthesis’ dexterity and energy efficiency, enhancing its potential for daily use by people with hand loss.

Thyroid nodules in pediatric patients are less common than in adults but show a higher malignancy rate. Accordingly, the management of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients is more complex the younger the patient is, needing careful evaluation by physicians. In adult patients, specific ultrasound (US) features have been associated with an increased risk of malignancy (ROM) in thyroid nodules. Moreover, several US risk stratification systems (RSSs) combining the US features of the nodule were built to define the ROM. RSSs are developed for the adult population and their use has not been fully validated in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the available data about US features of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients and to provide a summary of the evidence regarding the performance of RSS in predicting malignancy. Moreover, insights into the management of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients will be provided.

This article presents educational experiences developed with indigenous peoples in the Brazilian Amazon, based on documentary research in dialogue with reports of teaching experiences of the first authors of this text. Thus, we propose to dialogue based on the following question: how is indigenous knowledge mobilized in the Amazonian school context? To this end, we established as a general objective to reflect on the way indigenous knowledge is conceived in the Amazonian school context, based on a dialogue with the reports of teaching experiences with indigenous school education. From this perspective, we understand that Indigenous School Education comprises formal educational actions offered under the supervision of the State to indigenous peoples, unlike indigenous education, which is carried out in the community through social coexistence, depending on the diverse perspectives of each indigenous people. We observed that although there are laws and public policies, conquered by indigenous collectives, that advocate a differentiated, bilingual, intercultural and community school education, as well as provide the conditions for its implementation, in practice this right is still a distant reality of many indigenous schools. To this end, it is necessary to open dialogue and epistemic exchanges that understand diverse knowledges in an equitable way. This premise confronts us with the challenge of the decolonization of knowledge, especially that conveyed in indigenous schools.

Abstract Background There are currently no models for the transition of patients with metabolic bone diseases (MBDs) from paediatric to adult care. The aim of this project was to analyse information on the experience of physicians in the transition of these patients in Spain, and to draw up consensus recommendations with the specialists involved in their treatment and follow-up. Methods The project was carried out by a group of experts in MBDs and included a systematic review of the literature for the identification of critical points in the transition process. This was used to develop a questionnaire with a total of 48 questions that would determine the degree of consensus on: (a) the rationale for a transition programme and the optimal time for the patient to start the transition process; (b) transition models and plans; (c) the information that should be specified in the transition plan; and (d) the documentation to be created and the training required. Recommendations and a practical algorithm were developed using the findings. The project was endorsed by eight scientific societies. Results A total of 86 physicians from 53 Spanish hospitals participated. Consensus was reached on 45 of the 48 statements. There was no agreement that the age of 12 years was an appropriate and feasible point at which to initiate the transition in patients with MBD, nor that a gradual transition model could reasonably be implemented in their own hospital. According to the participants, the main barriers for successful transition in Spain today are lack of resources and lack of coordination between paediatric and adult units. Conclusions The TEAM Project gives an overview of the transition of paediatric MBD patients to adult care in Spain and provides practical recommendations for its implementation.

The research analyzes the urgency of implementing archery sports management as the development of 21st-century skill values ​​in schools. This research is mixed method research. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Quantitative sample of 53 PE teachers. A qualitative sample of 30 people comprised 15 PE teachers, 5 archery athletes, 5 students, and 5 archery coaches/trainers. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistics, while qualitative analysis uses data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Quantitative research results show that archery sports management needs to be implemented. The results of the qualitative research also show that PE learning in schools with archery material is needed because it can develop cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and other positive values. This study concludes that it is important and necessary to implement archery sports management in PE to develop 21st-century skill values ​​for students. The results recommend that PE teachers improve their competence in archery. Keywords: Archery Education Manajemen, PE Classes, Programs, Skills.