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The role of prophylactic central lymph node dissection (pCLND) for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains contentious, and the impact of pCLND on long-term patient outcomes is unclear.A retrospective analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was performed. Patients diagnosed with PTC who did not undergo pCLND between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study, and patients with pN0 PTC who underwent CLND were included as the control group. The researchers calculated the subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) using the Fine-Gray model and the hazard ratio (HR) using the Cox proportional hazards regression to compare Thyroid cancer-specific survival (TCSS) and overall survival (OS) of the different groups.A total of 38,205 T1-2cN0 PTC patients without pCLND were eligible for the study entry, and 24,157 patients with T1-2pN0 PTC patients who had received CLND were included as the control group. The actuarial 10-year TCSS and OS rates of patients without pCLND were 99.53% and 92.77%, respectively. Patients without pCLND had similar TCSS compared with the control group after adjusting for age, sex, race, tumor stage, multifocality, thyroid surgery, and radiation (SHR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.95 - 1.93). However, patients without pCLND had a significantly poorer OS than the control group (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 - 1.51).Patients without pCLND had similar TCSS compared with the control group after adjusting for confounders but had significantly poorer OS. Whether the OS disparities were attributed to pCLND or other factors still needs further study.

The potential toxicity of nanoparticles, especially for clinically applicable ones, has become a critical concern. Technologies that can in situ-evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles with high sensitivity are urgently needed. In this study, a facile strategy was developed for sensitive detection on the nanotoxicity of nanoparticles with low toxicity or a low dose. A functional nanoprobe loaded with molecular beacons was constructed to realize in situ evaluation of the nanotoxicity through probing multiple miRNAs in nanoparticle-exposed living cells. Being composed of protamine complexed with molecular beacons for miRNA detection and decorated by TAT and KALA peptides, the dual-peptide functionalized nanoprobe can efficiently deliver molecular beacons into living cells to realize the real-time monitoring of early biomarkers (miR-21 and miR-221) to evaluate nanotoxicity. Using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with different surface modifications as typical representatives of low toxic nanoparticles, we demonstrate that our nanoprobe can sensitively detect miRNA changes in cells under diverse exposure conditions, that is, MSN-NH

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is known to increase the risk of thyroid cancer. However, few studies have explored the association between HTN and the prognostic factors of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated PTC patients treated with surgery at our center between January 2017 and September 2020. The association between both HTN and antihypertensive drug use and the clinicopathological features of the PTC patients was analyzed. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, which were adjusted for the patients’ age, sex, and thyroid-stimulating hormone level.Results: A total of 2838 patients were enrolled in this study, including 409 patients with HTN. In the multivariate analysis, HTN was associated with larger tumor size [OR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.07] and lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02–1.99). There was no statistical difference between females older than 40 years of age and any pathological features, while a positive association between older males and larger tumors (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.014-3.45), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.08-3.73), and capsule invasion (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.002–3.91). With regard to antihypertensive drug use, the patients taking enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB) seemed more likely to develop bilateral PTC comparing ones using calcium channel blockers (CCB) alone, while no statistical difference was found for these taking CCB alone and the combination of CCB and ACEi/ARB. Conclusion: PTC patients with HTN, particularly age >40 males, tend to have invasive features. Antihypertension therapy appears to exert little to no different effect on the pathological characteristics in these patients.

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Whether MetS impacts the aggressiveness of DTC is still unclear. We carried out this study to clarify this issue.Methods: We evaluated 455 consecutive DTC patients treated with surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on their number of MetS components: patients without any MetS components, patients with one to two MetS components, and patients with three to five MetS components. The clinical features and histological aggressiveness of DTC at the time of diagnosis were evaluated.Results: A total of 455 patients were included in this study. Eighty-five patients had three or more metabolic components and were diagnosed as having MetS. Those patients with one or two metabolic components had higher risks for bilaterality (OR = 1.90, 95% CI:1.04–3.46) and capsule invasion (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.05–2.70). MetS was a risk factor for larger tumors (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.25–4.06), more lymph node metastasis (OR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.68-5.87), multifocal tumor (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.30–4.35), bilateral disease (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.67–6.90), capsule invasion (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.15–4.45), and extrathyroid invasion (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.67–11.81) after correction for age, sex, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH).Conclusions: In our hospital-based cohort study, MetS was associated with the aggressiveness of DTC. This association was still significant after being adjusted for age, sex, and TSH.

Objective It has been reported that papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) are largely associated with adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between the number of metastatic lymph nodes (NMLNs) and clinical prognosis in patients with PTC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PTC who underwent initial thyroid cancer surgery in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between 2017 and 2019. A total of 694 patients with PTC and cervical lymph node dissection as well as a total checked number of lymph nodes ≥ 5 were involved in this study. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients were compared according to NMLNs, the number of central cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and the number of lateral lymph nodes (LLNs). Results NMLNs > 5, CLNs > 5 and LLNs > 5 were 222 (32.0%), 159 (24.3%) and 70 (10.1%) seen in the analyzed samples, respectively. Young patients, patients with larger tumor diameter, bilaterality, multifocality and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were more inclined to NMLNs > 5, CLNs > 5 and LLNs > 5 (P P = 0.001; LLNs ≤ 5/5: P 10 mm (OR = 2.131), bilaterality (OR = 1.889) and tumor gross ETE (OR = 2.759) were independent predictors for high prevalence of total NMLNs > 5 (P 10 mm (OR = 2.006), and tumor gross ETE (OR = 2.520) were independent predictors for high prevalence of CLNs > 5 (P 5 (OR = 6.733) and tumor gross ETE (OR = 4.737) were independent predictors for high prevalence of LLNs > 5 (P Conclusions In conclusion, it is evident that NMLNs is related to the invasive clinicopathological features and adverse outcome of patients with PTC which should be correctly evaluated to provide an appropriate guidance for reasonable treatment and careful follow-up.

Objective: It has been reported that papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) are more associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the lymph node (LN) status and clinical prognosis in PTC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of PTC patients who underwent initial thyroid cancer surgery in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between 2017 and 2019. 1021 PTC patients with total checked number of lymph nodes ≥5 were involved in this study. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients were compared according to the LN status and the number of metastatic lymph nodes (NMLNs). Results: The LNM and NMLNs>5 were seen in 694 (68.0%) and 222 (21.7%) cases, respectively. Young patients, patients with larger tumor diameter, bilaterality, multifocality and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were more inclined to LNM and NMLNs >5 (PP5 were negatively associated with advanced tumour stage (P5: 5/222, 97.7%; P=0.002). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the male (OR=2.580, PPPPPP5; 10-year age was an independent predictor for the low prevalence of the LNM (OR=0.658, P5 (OR=0.678, PConclusions: The status of the cervical LNs and the NMLNs should be correctly evaluated to guide reasonable treatment and careful follow-up.

Purpose The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are two key players in various types of malignancies including breast cancer. The TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway can interact with HIF-1α in some diseases; however, their interaction in breast cancer is still unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the interactions between the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway and HIF-1α in breast cancer. Methods Expression of HIF-1α in serum of breast cancer patients and healthy controls was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the diagnostic value of HIF-1α for breast cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Breast cancer cell lines overexpressing SMAD3 and HIF-1α were established. Cell apoptosis and proliferation following different treatments were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and cell counting kit-8, respectively. Expression of related proteins was detected by western blot. Results Serum levels of HIF-1α were higher in breast cancer patients than in normal controls. Both SMAD3 and HIF-1α overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation. Treatment with inhibitors of HIF-1α and SMAD3 promoted apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation. Overexpression of HIF-1α promoted the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD3, while SMAD3 overexpression did not significantly affect expression of HIF-1α or TGF-β1. Conclusion HIF-1α serves as an upstream regulator of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway and promotes the growth of breast cancer.

In this work, by using the mixed-ligand approach, a pair of two-dimensional coordination polymers [Co2(bpdc)2(bibt)1.5](H2O)2 [1, bibt is in short of 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane, H2bpdc is in short of biphenyl-3,4′-dicarboxylic acid] and [Gd(bpdc)2(Hbpp)](H2O)3 [2, bpp is in short of 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)-propane] have been achieved via a one-pot hydrothermal reactions and their structures are determined by SCRD (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) as well as elemental analysis. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer activities of coordination polymers 1 and 2 were studied against three human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435, SKBR3, and MCF-7).

This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) were selected and treated with radiation of different doses. Cells were treated with Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) to analyze the effects of GSI on the Notch signaling, which were detected by Immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Besides, Transwell assay, Scratch test, colony formation assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to show the effects of GSI on the invasion and migration, survival fraction, cell viability, and apoptosis of MCF-7 and T47D cells after radiation therapy. Moreover, cell transfection with a dominant negative mutant of RBPJ, the key transcription factor of Notch signaling pathway, were also applied to show the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway. Initially, we found that the 4 Gy radiation activated Notch signaling pathway, and enhanced the invasion and migration of MCF-7 and T47D cells. However, GSI inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and reversed the enhancement of radiation on the migration and invasion, promoted the enhancement of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 and T47D cells induced by radiation. Except that, we also determined that GSI and dnRBPJ suppressed the upregulation of Notch signaling after radiation therapy. Our study demonstrated that inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells, which may provide evident for a beneficial adjuvant therapy in the breast cancer treatment.

Loudness describes the sound intensity sensations of the human hearing. A study about loudness calculation which is based on the Moore model shows us that starting from the mechanism of human`s ear, the basic principle and calculation skills of algorithm have been researched. By using Matlab to optimize the algorithm, the specific loudness curve and loudness level of any audio file can be calculated; equal-loudness curve by using Steffensen method is calculated compared with that from the acoustic standard, In order to validating the program. The loudness of the sewing machine under different conditions is calculated.

To analyze whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) changes the expression rates of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) markers: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki67, and P53.This was a retrospective study of 112 IDC patients who underwent NAC (docetaxel+epirubicin/pirarubicin+cyclophosphamide) but without pathological complete response (pCR) in 2012 to 2013 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The IDC subtypes and tumor protein markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Specific changes in tumor protein markers before/after NAC were compared.The decrease in the positive rate of Ki-67 was the most significant, from 75.9% before NAC to 41.1% after NAC (P .001). The positive rate of HER2 decreased from 42.0% before NAC to 32.1% after NAC (P = .04). The positive rate of ER decreased from 66.1% before NAC to 56.2% after NAC (P = .04). Increased number of metastatic lymph nodes (P = .006) and body mass index (BMI) (P = .028) seemed to be related to conversion of PR (positive to negative). There was statistical association between the Ki-67 (positive to negative) with the age greater or equal to 50 (P = .015). The BMI greater or equal to 24 (P = .021), age greater or equal to 50 (P = .047), and blood type A (P = .038) were independently associated with conversion of P53 (positive to negative). The BMI greater or equal to 24 (P = .004), number of metastatic lymph nodes greater or equal to 1 (P = .029) and TNM stages I-II (P = .008) were statistically associated with change of HER2 (positive to negative).In patients without pCR, NAC leads to changes in Ki-67, HER2, and hormone receptor (HR) expression. Age, BMI, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and TNM stage are associated with some changes of markers.