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Most U.S. doctors have no way to determine which variant of the coronavirus a patient is carrying, a distinction that could mean the difference between life and death. Accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as differentiation of Delta and Omicron variants is crucial in the decision making of high risk patients, especially when deciding whether they should be considered for in-patient care versus outpatient follow-up. High-risk patients carrying the Delta variant could benefit greatly from two particular monoclonal antibody treatments shown to reduce hospitalization and death. But those medications would most likely do nothing for patients with Omicron, who would only respond to a third antibody treatment that is in very short supply.Delta patients benefit most from the antibody drugs made by Regeneron (casirivimab and imdevimab) and Eli Lilly (Bamlanivimab), while Omicron patients benefit from antibodies from GlaxoSmithKline and Vir Biotechnology (sotrovimab (VIR-7831)). GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit (Cellgenemedix, USA) is a cost effective diagnostic tool optimized for rapid (90 minutes from RNA extraction to results) POC diagnosis of Omicron and Delta as well as SARS CoV-2 infection.We have achieved CE mark and this was made from a ISO 13485 certified facility.GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit is a cost effective diagnostic tool optimized for rapid (90 minutes from RNA extraction to results) POC diagnosis of Omicron and Delta as well as SARS CoV-2 infection. While it is screening for the variants and cannot replace sequencing as far as accuracy, the analytical sensitivity and specificity is high in our studies and the cost of this test is known to be similar to or slightly more expensive than the previous Real Time RT-PCR test for diagnosis of COVID-19. Also, the ability to screen tens of thousands of patients per lab in one setting is something that sequencing can never do, but real-time PCR can do. This is also due to the fact that single PCR has to be done and if the PCR doesn't come out (specimen quality, etc), sequencing cannot be done. However, due to the amplification properties of re-time PCR, GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit is able to detect most covid-19 infections and whether it is Delta, Omicron, or neither. GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit also has the ability to detect Stealth Omicron (BA.2) and has the potential to detect future mixed delta and omicron type which may well be a problem in the future. Development of a cost-efffective PCR variant test that costs as little as or less than the conventional PCR test and can be run in multiple PCR machines frequently equipped in small-to medium sized labs around USA may be a solution to partially solve the disparity of covid test and variant test in specific will hopefully be resolved by better quality accurate variant testing. Beyond the direct health impacts of the virus, the pandemic has taken a disproportionate toll on the financial security and mental health and well-being of people of color, low-income people, LGBT people, and other underserved groups as shown in Figure below. Despite being disproportionately affected by the pandemic, as of today, Black and Hispanic people were less likely than White people to have received a COVID-19 test. Addressing disparities in health and health care is important not only from and social justice and equity standpoint, but also for improving the nation’s overall health and economic prosperity. While sequencing technologies may be the gold standard for COVID-19 variant test, its limitations include low throughput and high cost, making multigene panels laborious and expensive. This is not adequate for medicare/medicaid and makes it unpractical for standard of care for minority populations. Therefore, we propose that GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit could be a cost-effective was to diagnose COVID-19 variants in the minority population. In addition, we are proposing that labs within and outside of USA collaborate with us in our Cellgenemedix Good Ag Rapid COVID-19 Antigen Test & GG COVID-19 Omicron/Delta PCR study which is conducted in various clinical sites in USA and Korea currently. Study proposal PURPOSE: Participating laboratories will run positive and negative samples COVID-19 clinical samples from real-time PCR platform using probes/primers from Cellgenemedix to accurately identify variants of the COVID19 virus using a PCR method on CFX96/ABI7500/Rotorgene Q platform. METHODS: 1. Previous samples that were tested on FD A approved PCR test on real-time PCR platform for Covid19 . 2. Probes/Primers supplied from CellGenmedix 3. Samples both positive and negative are extracted using a FDA-approved extractor using the small volume Total nucleic acid kits 4. Run protocol will be provided 5. Results are recorded on a excel file provided by Cellgnemedix 6. Validation of results will be performed by sending in the samples after running the PCR test for sequencing in Korean authorized labs. CONTROLS: 1. All samples are extracted with an internal control 2. External controls from Cellgenemedix and Twist Bioscience will be run Below is an abstract we submitted around the performance test of this 'GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit'. Background. We are facing a global new era of the COVID-19 pandemic by omicron variant with multiple mutations. This raises concern about the accuracy of conventional RTqPCR assays, many of which have been developed before in detecting SARS-CoV-2. We may need to develop a new RTqPCR assay appropriate for the omicron variant. Materials and Methods. We herein have developed 2 types of new RTqPCR assays which detect G142D/del143-145 of S which is specific to omicron variant (S142-145 assay), 452 and 478 of S (S452/478 assay), N or 69/70, and internal control (IC) to make a new single tube, quadplex RTqPCR assay of COVID-19 ('GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit'). Analytical performance was analyzed with Twist/BEI controls. Clinical performance analysis was done as a multi-center study between South Korea and USA with specimens from New Jersey, collected between August 2021 and February 2022. Result: 400 left over samples of nasopharygeal swabs including 149 SARS-CoV-2 positive sample were collected and tested on January 2022 out of which 148 were due to omicron variant and 1 delta variant, respectively. S142-145 assay was superior to conventional assay (sensitivity 100% vs 00.0 to 00.0%, mean Ct value 25.0 vs 30.4 to 31.3). GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit showed higher sensitivity than conventional RTqPCR (100% vs 95.4%) and 100% specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and could differentiate all of omicron variants. 330 samples including 125 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were collected between September-October 2021 and also tested, out of which 78 were due to delta variant. All of 78 delta variant were correctly detected by 'GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit’. Conclusion: These results indicate that our GG COVID-19 Omicron and Delta kit may be more sensitive than conventional PCR assays in detecting some variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to target design. ALL of Cellgenemedix’s COVID-19 products have been validated in multiple variants with clinical samples and commercial and verified commercial control materials and Good Ag antigen test and PCR test work well on both Omicron and Delta variant specimens (>100-500 specimens verified) as well as multiple other variants and validated commercial controls. -------------------------------------------- CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This communication with its contents may contain confidential and/or legally privileged information. It is solely for the use of the intended recipient(s). Unauthorized interception, review, use or disclosure is prohibited and may violate applicable laws including the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender and destroy all copies of the communication. Contents and any attached file are intellectual property of Cellgenemedix. Corp This product has not been approved the F DA approval in the USA and is Investigational use only in the USA. The performance characteristics of this product have not been established by the F D A to date. However, this product has achieved CE mark approval for European and Asian market and was made from a ISO 13485 certified facility for high level immunology testing. The technology is patent pending in various patent offices around the world.

PurposeGenital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and are known to develop due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially HPV types 6 and 11. However, their prevalence and subtypes in male genital warts remains poorly defined. HPV vaccine is administered to men in part to prevent anogenital warts and it is important to investigate their expected impact in male anogenital warts.Materials and MethodsWe have herein conducted a multicenter, prospective study to analyze HPV type distribution in genital warts of 1000 Korean men by using DNA microarray that can detect 40 types of genital HPV.Results1000 out of 1015 genital warts showed HPV DNA. Out of 1000 HPV-positive samples, 18.8% showed mixed infection and 81.2% showed single infection. Of 18 high-risk (16.2%) and 14 low-risk (94.3%) HPV types detected, the most common type of HPV types were HPV6 (59.5%), followed by HPV11 (24.3%), HPV16 (5.8%), HPV91 (5.3%), HPV40 (3.3%). 85.9% showed the 9 HPV types covered by the vaccine. Sixteen of the 200 HPV specimens submitted for sequencing showed discrepant results compared to the DNA sequencing.ConclusionsMale genital warts predominantly show low-risk type HPV (HPV 6 and 11). However, high-risk HPV is not uncommon and the role of high-risk HPV in genital warts may be considered. The Gardasil 9 HPV vaccine is expected to provide protection against about >80% of male genital warts. Further HPV typing studies in male genital warts are necessary in other races and geographical areas to define the role and management of high-risk type HPV in male genital warts.

Genomic instability has been an area of active area of research in the last two decades. Based on the initial study for hereditary cancers, DNA repair gene family mutations have been identified. In sporadic (non-hereditary) cancers, several large-scale DNA sequencing studies suggest that mutations in DNA repair genes are less frequent, suggesting the complexity of tumorigenesis of sporadic cancers. So far, several important genes have been identified, by using mostly cell line models and mice studies. These include DNA damage response modifier like ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), conventional tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A; which encodes p16INK4A and p14ARF). Various hypotheses for sporadic tumorigenesis have been developed, and so far, “oncogene-induced DNA replication stress model” has been gaining widespread interests. In this review, we will first describe some of the important concepts of genomic instability. Then, we will outline oncogene-induced genomic instability and discuss the role of the MYC gene during this process, which will be followed by detailed reviews of mutation data. We hope that this review can outline the overall perspectives of genomic instability.Impact statementThis review provides various genetic and cell line data previously published in a way to explain how cellular stress can lead into genetic instability.

최근 국내 도심지 도로는 빈번한 교통정체가 발생하고 있다. 도심지 교통정체를 해소하기 위한 방안으로 국내에서는대심도 복층터널에 대한 계획이 이루어지고 있다. 국내에서 계획되는 대심도 복층터널은 소형차 전용으로 계획되며 네트워크형의 구조를 가지고 있어 차량의 출입이 지하공간에서 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 네트워크형 대심도 복층터널은 터널의 단면 및 높이가 일반도로터널 보다 작고 차량의 출입으로 인한 교통풍의 작용으로 화재연기가 터널 승객의 대피보다빠르게 전파되어 인명피해 발생이 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 네트워크형 대심도 복층터널에 화재시 화재연기확산지연을 방지하고자 화재연기 확산지연 장치 작동시 터널 차단면적에 터널 내 작용하는 유입풍의 저감효과를 분석하였으며, 분석결과 터널 차단면적이 50% 이상일 경우 터널 내 작용하는 풍속을 약 21% 저감시키는 효과가 나타났으며,면적이 50% 이상일 경우 화재 연기의 확산속도를 약 21% 저감시켜 안전한 대피에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.ABSTRACTRecently, frequent traffic congestion has occurred in domestic urban roads. As a solution for downtown traffic conges-tion in domestic urban roads, plans for great depth underground double-deck tunnels have been made. Great depth under-ground double-deck tunnels that have been planned for passenger cars, has the structure of a network type; the entry ofvehicles is carried out in the underground space. In these network great depth underground double-deck tunnels, the crosssection and the height of the tunnel are smaller than the general road tunnel, and the smoke of a fire will propagate fasterthan the evacuation of tunnel passengers by the action of the traffic-ventilation and casualties are expected. Therefore, inthe present study, an attempt was made to prevent the delay system for fire smoke diffusion at the time of a fire in adomestic network great depth underground double-deck tunnel according to the area of the tunnel block during the opera-tion of the delay system for fire smoke diffusion to analyze the effects of reducing the inflow velocity. When the area ofthe tunnel block was not less than 50%, the effect of reducing about 21% of the wind speed acting on the tunnel was sig-nificant. If the area is more than 50%, the diffusion rate of fire smoke was reduced by approximately 21%, which will beuseful for a safe evacuation.Keywords : Great depth underground double deck tunnel, Delay system for fire smoke diffusion, Tunnel fire

Aim Few studies have reported that human papillomavirus (HPV) tests using menstrual blood (MB) may be a convenient and effective screening modality for cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of detecting high-risk (HR)-HPV from MB in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or HR-HPV infections dependent on menstrual days. Materials and Methods In this prospective exploratory pilot study, a clinical trial was conducted in 19 women. On enrollment into the study, gynecologists collected cervical cells. On the first and second day of menstruation, MB was self-collected by patients using a sanitary pad with a filter. The distribution of HPVs from MB and the accuracy of menstrual HR-HPV tests were evaluated using HPV genotyping. The agreement rate of detecting HR-HPVs using cervical and MB samples was also investigated. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the MB HR-HPV test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or worse were 87.5%, 45.5%, 53.8%, and 83.3%, respectively, during both menstrual cycle day (MCD) 1 and 2 and MCD 1 only; and 62.5%, 27.3%, 38.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, during MCD 2 only. For CIN 3 or worse, the agreement rate between positive cervical and MB HR-HPV test results was 87.5% during MCD 1 and 62.5% during MCD 2. Conclusions We demonstrated the possibility of using the MB HPV test as a screening modality for cervical cancer.

Therapy-related AML (t-AML) is one of the newly expanded disease entities in the 2008 WHO classification, accounting for 10-20% of all cases of AML, and its incidence is increasing worldwide because of improved survival rates following treatment for other primary cancers [1, 2]. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) (M7) is the least common of the t-AML French-American-British (FAB) subtypes, and only two such cases have been reported to date [3, 4], neither of which was in Korea. AMKL accounts for about 7-10% of childhood AML cases (frequently associated with Down syndrome), but only about 1% of adult AML cases [5]. Here, we describe a rare case of therapy-related acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (t-AMKL) with chromosome 5 and 7 abnormalities that presented ten years after chemoradiotherapy in an elderly lung cancer patient.

Few studies have reported that human papillomavirus (HPV) tests using menstrual blood (MB) may be a convenient and effective screening modality for cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of detecting high-risk (HR)-HPV from MB in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or HR-HPV infections dependent on menstrual days.In this prospective exploratory pilot study, a clinical trial was conducted in 19 women. On enrollment into the study, gynecologists collected cervical cells. On the first and second day of menstruation, MB was self-collected by patients using a sanitary pad with a filter. The distribution of HPVs from MB and the accuracy of menstrual HR-HPV tests were evaluated using HPV genotyping. The agreement rate of detecting HR-HPVs using cervical and MB samples was also investigated.The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the MB HR-HPV test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or worse were 87.5%, 45.5%, 53.8%, and 83.3%, respectively, during both menstrual cycle day (MCD) 1 and 2 and MCD 1 only; and 62.5%, 27.3%, 38.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, during MCD 2 only. For CIN 3 or worse, the agreement rate between positive cervical and MB HR-HPV test results was 87.5% during MCD 1 and 62.5% during MCD 2.We demonstrated the possibility of using the MB HPV test as a screening modality for cervical cancer.

Three-dimensional flow through a tubular centrifugal fan with airfoil type blades is analyzed, and the effects of turbulence model and numerical scheme on the results are investigated. Standard model and k - w model are tested as turbulence closures. The numerical schemes for convection terms, i.e., Upwind Differencing Scheme (UDS), Mass Weighted Skewed upstream differencing scheme (MWS), Linear Profile Skewed upstream differencing scheme (LPS), and Modified Linear Profile Skewed upstream differencing scheme (MLPS) are also tested, and the performances of these schemes coupled with two turbulence models are evaluated. The static pressure distributions are compared with experimental data obtained in this work, which shows that the model gives better results than the k-w model.

e22542 Background: Retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyomata are extremely rare. The usual-type retroperitoneal leiomyoma is itself a rare tumor that is mistaken preoperatively for malignant retroperitoneal tumors or thought of as an exophytic subserosal leiomyoma of the uterus. Lipo-leiomyoma is a variant of leiomyoma with an incidence in uterus ranging between 0.03% - 0.2%, but its presentation as a retroperitoneal mass has not been documented in literature yet. We present a unique case of retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyoma that presented as a diagnostic challenge due to its unique location and unusual histologic appearance. Methods: A 68-year-old female patient with a history of breast cancer diagnosed 4 years ago, currently on antiestrogen therapy (Fulvestrant) and Herceptin, presented to our university hospital with symptomatic left pelvic mass. An abdominal CT showed a heterogeneous low-density pelvic mass with foci of internal calcification and fat with surrounding intermixed intermediate and high density fluid in the expected location of the uterus. Results: A debulking surgery including radical hysterectomy was planned. Intraoperatively, a normal sized uterus was found, the myometrium of which contained multiple variable-sized intramural leiomyomata. In addition, a huge left retroperitoneal mass was found that had no connection to the uterus. Histopathological examination revealed abenign lipoleiomyomatous tumor, composed of an encapsulated proliferation of benign adipocytes and myoid cells intimately admixed. Immunohistochemistry confirmed myoid differentiation, with negative reactions for HMB45 and CKIT, and . MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was negative. Conclusions: Some unusually located extra-uterine leiomyomata have been reported; retroperitoneal leiomyoma being among them. Such a tumor with the added feature of lipomatous differentiation presents a differential diagnosis that includes leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiomyolipoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The association of an uncommonly located leiomyoma with subsequent lipomatous change withantiestrogen therapy is an unexplored issue that merits further investigation.