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Source at https://vkm.no/.

Source at https://vkm.no/download/18.2251cf2016368db15f982b15/1527073920923/Oppsummering%20fra%20VKMs%20vitenskapelige%20uttalelser%202016-2017%20Kunnskapsbehov%20av%20betydning%20for%20mattrygghet%20og%20besky. Målet med denne rapporten er å synliggjøre kunnskapsbehov som er viktige for å sikre trygg mat og beskyttelse av miljøet i årene som kommer, og forbedre den nasjonale kunnskapsbasen. Rapporten er den siste i en serie av rapporter om kunnskapsbehov publisert av Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM, tidligere Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet). Den løfter frem kunnskapsbehov som er identifisert i VKMs vitenskapelige uttalelser i perioden 2016 til 2017

Source at https://vkm.no/ The goal of this report is to highlight research needs and data gaps that are of future importance for food safety and protection of the environment and thereby improve the national knowledge-base. This report is the latest in a series of reports on research needs and data gaps published periodically by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM), former Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM), and thus seeks to highlight research needs and data gaps identified in and related to VKMs scientific opinions for 2016 and 2017 only. Målet med denne rapporten er å synliggjøre kunnskapsbehov som er viktige for å sikre trygg mat og beskyttelse av miljøet i årene som kommer, og forbedre den nasjonale kunnskapsbasen. Rapporten er den siste i en serie av rapporter om kunnskapsbehov publisert av Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM, tidligere Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet). Den løfter frem kunnskapsbehov som er identifisert i VKMs vitenskapelige uttalelser i perioden 2016 til 2017.

Source at https://vkm.no/ Summary report from VKM’s scientific opinions for 2016 - 2017The goal of this report is to highlight research needs and data gaps that are of future importance for food safety and protection of the environment and thereby improve the national knowledge base. This report is the latest in a series of reports on research needs and data gaps published periodically by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM), former Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM), and thus seeks to highlight research needs and data gaps identified in and related to VKMs scientific opinions for 2016 and 2017 only.

Since 1986, the management of radioactive contamination in food and feed in Norway has been driven mainly by the Chernobyl Disaster follow-up. Monitoring and countermeasures are still in place to reduce the exposure to the population. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority is in the process of revising the maximum levels (MLs) for radioactive substances in drinking water and food and establishing new ones where necessary (including for feed). These MLs are to be applicable in the management of the normal situation, immediately subsequent to any accidents, and possibly in the long-term follow-up period after accidents. As part of this process, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety to assess the risk that radioactivity in food and feed poses to human health. More specifically, VKM was requested to address the following questions in the Terms of Reference (ToR): ToR1: What is the current health risk from radioactivity in food –food gathering and hunting included – to the whole population and specific groups in Norway? ToR2: What health risk would the current levels of caesium-137 measured in live reindeer and sheep pose to the whole population and specific groups, if no efforts were made to reduce them? ToR3: What would be the implication to the health risk if the ML for reindeer meat was reduced from 3000 to 1500 or 600 Bq/kg, respectively – for the whole population and for specific groups? ToR4: Would the procedure and the maximum levels laid down in the Euratom Treaty regulation on radioactive contamination of foodstuffs and feedstuffs following a nuclear accident be appropriate for managing similar scenarios in Norway?

Related version: VKM Report 2016: 48 : https://vkm.no/download/18.7e19596115dabec04172717/1501849448865/30664700ba.pdf Målet med denne rapporten er å synliggjøre kunnskapsbehov som er viktige for å sikre trygg mat og opprettholdelse avbiologisk mangfold i årene som kommer.Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM) utarbeider og kommunisereruavhengige, vitenskapelige uttalelser, blant annet risikovurderinger og nytte-risikovurderinger. Hovedmålet til VKM er å sikre trygg mat og opprettholdelse av biologisk mangfold.

Source at https://vkm.no/ The aim of the present report is to highlight research needs and data gaps that are of future importance for food safety and protection of biodiversity. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) produces and communicates scientific opinions, i.e. risk-and risk-benefitassessments, with the main goal of securing food safety and protection of biodiversity.Food safety is one of the prerequisites for good health, and is on the agenda both nationally and internationally. Since food production, food products on the market and dietary habits as well as the presence of potentialhazardsare constantly changing, there is a continuous need for new knowledge to ensure safe food Målet med denne rapporten er å synliggjøre kunnskapsbehov som er viktige for å sikre trygg mat og opprettholdelse avbiologisk mangfold i årene som kommer.Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet (VKM) utarbeider og kommunisereruavhengige, vitenskapelige uttalelser, blant annet risikovurderinger og nytte-risikovurderinger. Hovedmålet til VKM er å sikre trygg mat og opprettholdelse av biologisk mangfold.Trygg mat er en av forutsetningene for god helseog vies mye oppmerksomhetbåde nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Stadige endringer i hvordan maten produseres, hvilke matvarer som er tilgjengelige, hva befolkningen spiser og hvilke potensielle farer som følger med maten skaper et kontinuerlig behov for ny kunnskap for å sikre at maten er trygg.

Bacillus thuringiensis are anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria that produce parasporal crystalline protein inclusions, δ-endotoxin, which are toxic to certain invertebrates, especially larvae belonging to the insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. Different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have therefore a long standing history as plant protective insecticides in many countries, but have not been approved for use in Norway. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has been asked by The Norwegian Agency for Food safety to assess the health and environment related aspects related to the use of the plant protection product Turex 50 WG, containing the active ingredient Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai CG-91.

Bacillus subtilis are gram-positive bacteria that occur globally in soil, water, air, and decomposing plant material. The Bacillus bacteria are responsive to genetic alterations, and a large number of bacteria strains are part of the Bacillus genus. Some of the Bacillus bacteria strains have acquired genes for pathogenic toxins, but available techniques exist to identify and discriminate between the different strains. Bacillus subtilis has been used for industrial enzyme and food production, and even as a probiotic to treat gastro intestinal tract symptoms and disorders, including diarrhoea in infants and young children. Bacillus subtilis has been shown to act fungistatic and fungitoxic following contact with fungal pathogens at leaf or root surfaces, and may therefore be used as a biological fungicide in different crops. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has been asked by The Norwegian Agency for Food safety to assess the health and environment related aspects related to the use of the plant protection product Serenade ASO, containing the active ingredient Bacillus subtilis QST 713. VKM has considered the data presented for the Bacillus subtilus strain QST713, and shares the opinion of EFSA, and also US Environmental Protection Agency, in that Bacillus subtilis “is considered a benign organism as it does not possess traits that cause disease. It is not considered pathogenic or toxigenic to humans, animals, or plants.” Bacillus subtilis is ubiquitously present in water, air and soil, also in Norway, and subject to competition by other indigenous microorganisms. Thus, the number of introduced Bacillus subtilis will rapidly decline and reach a natural equilibrium in nature. Bacillus subtilis show low or acceptable toxicity in terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms. Effects on nontarget micro-organisms cannot be excluded, but are not expected to adversely affect natural microbial communities. The possible risk related to Bacillus subtilis is linked to the possibility of miss-identifying a toxic Bacillus strain such as Bacillus anthracis or Bacillus cereus for Bacillus subtilis. Thus, VKM emphasizes the importance of product control, to ensure and document the identity, purity and relevant contents and property of each product batch prior to marketing and use. Bacillus subtilis is not known to produce toxins, but produce proteolytic enzymes considered to be responsible for effects observed in inhalation experiments. Thus, proper preventive equipment should be used.

Related version: VKM Report 2016: 48 : https://vkm.no/download/18.7e19596115dabec04172717/1501849448865/30664700ba.pdf The aim of the present report is to highlight research needs and data gaps that are of future importance for food safety and protection of biodiversity. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) produces and communicates scientific opinions, i.e. risk-and risk-benefitassessments, with the main goal of securing food safety and protection of biodiversity.