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We present the first application of double-stage diamond anvil cells (ds-DACs) to X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of Rhenium (Re) metal. By using highly stable and sub-micron sized X-ray beam, ...

The production of strip sensors within the framework of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) development is a process which requires continuous evaluation during the full production period (about 4 years). Such an evaluation is divided into two different parts: Quality Control (QC), which focuses on the final product (the actual sensors) and tries to identify possible defects once the fabrication is completed, and Quality Assurance (QA), which aims to prevent deviations in the manufacturing process and uses specifically-designed test structures. The initial sensor pre-production consists of 5% (1041 sensors) of the total number of sensors expected during production. As part of pre-production, the collaboration has measured key parameters from miniature strip sensors (minis), monitor diodes (MD8), and the ATLAS Testchip, before and after irradiation. In this contribution we focus on the analysis of the results of the MD8 and the Testchip. All parameters have been obtained from the test structures (MD8, bias resistors, interdigitated structures, field oxide capacitors, coupling capacitors, punch-through protection structures and cross-bridge resistors) measured at the different test sites (KEK/Tsukuba, Birmingham, Toronto, Ljubljana, Valencia, Carleton, Prague, CNM-Barcelona). The results are compared to predefined pre- and post-irradiation specifications for each tested parameter.

Flying fish (Teleostei: Exocoetidae) glide at a speed considerably faster than they can travel in water. This phenomenon has been investigated and examined from taxonomic, anatom- ical, aerodynamic and biological standpoints through field observations. However, direct meas- urements of the flight performance of flying fish at the moment of leaping from the water surface have not previously been performed, due to the difficulty of monitoring gliding behavior. In the present study, we used recently developed data loggers capable of recording acceleration on a 3- dimensional axis to directly examine the gliding behavior of the flying fish Cypselurus heterurus doederleini under controlled conditions. Gliding behavior was assessed with the data logger fixed to the fish in 1 of 2 different positions, and positioning was not found to seriously affect leaping performance, as no effects on pitch angle, amplitude of fluctuation in swaying acceleration, stroke cycle frequency, or the duration of acceleration were observed. Pitch angle (20.0 ± 3.3°) and stroke cycle frequency (21.2 ± 4.6 Hz) were found to be lower in the present study than in previous stud- ies that examined gliding behavior in the field. Additionally, the flying fish were estimated to leap from the water surface at speeds of 3.9 to 5.2 m s �1 in our study, which is 38.7 to 51.5% of previ- ously reported maximum swimming speeds determined using stroboscopic filming. Our results suggest that the flying fish in our study may have recognized the capacity of the experimental space and regulated swimming performance before leaping from the water surface.

The irradiation of a free electron laser at Tokyo University of Science (FEL-TUS) to β-propiolactone molecules in the gas phase has efficiently induced the infrared multiple photon dissociation of the compound in the wavenumber regions of 1000–1100 and 1700–2000 cm−1. The products were carbon dioxide and ethylene at equal amounts, where carbon dioxide was enriched with 13C under selected irradiation conditions. The relative yields of products and the selectivity of 13C were examined under various experimental conditions; the maximum 13C atom fraction of 59% was achieved when 2.5 Torr β-propiolactone was irradiated by FEL pulses at 1750 cm−1 with a fluence of 5.8 J cm−2. One of the reasons of this high selectivity is a large isotope shift of ∼47 cm−1 for the C O stretching vibration around 1880 cm−1, which is larger than the energy resolution of FEL-TUS. Another possible factor may be a shorter micropulse interval (∼350 ps) of FEL-TUS than the collisional frequency of β-propiolactone molecules in the gas phase, which prevents the collisional energy transfer from 13C molecules to 12C molecules during successive micropulses.

The shape effect of microtwins on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images is demonstrated with the help of a detailed comparison between experimental HRTEM images of recrystallized silicon (including many microtwins) and corresponding dynamical simulations. The analysis points to an important fact: The shape effect of microtwins leads to artificial contrasts. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Optimization of the cooling system of the helium gas circuit was studied for the purpose of reducing the power consumption of a cryogenic system for a fusion device. Cooling the helium gas with a chemical heat pump is effective to save the total power consumption because the chemical heat pump does not require so much energy for cooling. We confirmed that the waste heat from the oil circuit of the high stage compressor is enough to drive the adsorption chiller, and the cooling power of the adsorption chiller is enough to cool down the temperature of the helium gas circuit. We also confirmed that about 7% of power consumption can be saved when we apply this new system to a large scaled helium compressor which would be fitted to the ITER project.

For the purpose of reducing the power consumption of a cryogenic system for an experimental nuclear fusion system, investigation of the relationship between the ambient temperature and the mass flow rate of the compressor was carried out. When the suction gas temperature is lowered, gas density increases. The mass flow rate of the compressor can therefore be increased without any change in power consumption. It has been confirmed that some 5.6% of compressor power consumption can be saved by making the cooling water temperature equal to the ambient temperature during the winter season with the continuous running of the cooling tower fan motor. Further, a new gas compression cycle using an additional auxiliary gas cooling system was developed to lower the compressor suction gas temperature. Compared to a conventional system, some 11% of power consumption can be saved using this new gas compression cycle when the helium gas suction temperature of the compressor is 235K.

The cryogenic system for the experimental fusion device, LHD has an equivalent refrigeration capacity of 9.1 kW at 4.4 K, and will refrigerate all sets of superconducting coils, their supporting structures, superconducting bus-lines and current leads. Eight sets of oil injected screw-type compressors with the massflow rate of 1100 g/s are equipped. Massflow rate to coldbox was controlled to 700 g/s, and the other of 400 g/s was bypassed. To minimize the bypass flow and to reduce the power consumption, overall operating characteristics of the helium refrigerator were investigated in this report. A power consumption of 500 kW was decreased by reducing the massflow rate of 200 g/s in the bypass circuit.

The Japan-Proton Accelerator Research Complexes (J-PARC) requires thick carbon stripper foils (250–500 μg/cm 2 ) to strip electrons from the H − beam supplied by the linac before injection into the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). The 200 MeV H − beam from the linac has a pulse length of 0.5 ms with a repetition rate of 25 Hz and an average beam current of 335 μA. For this high-energy and high-intensity beam, conventional carbon stripper foils will break in a very short time and even a diamond foil will be ruptured at around 1800 K by the MW class accelerator. Thus, thick carbon stripper foils with high durability at 1800 K produced by energy deposition in the foil are indispensable for this accelerator. For this purpose, we have been developing carbon stripper foils of 350 μg/cm 2 by means of both the controlled DC and AC/DC arc-discharge methods. Recently, we have successfully developed hybrid type thick boron-doped carbon stripper foils, which showed a drastic improvement not only with respect to the lifetime, but also with respect to thickness reduction and shrinkage at high temperature during long beam irradiation. In this report the preparation procedure and lifetime measurements with a 3.2 MeV, Ne + beam are presented.

Microstructure and magnetic properties of sputter deposited Co/Pd multilayered perpendicular magnetization films with amorphous C or Si seedlayer were investigated. The angstrom scale surface roughness of the seedlayer causes fine crystal grains to form in the Co/Pd multilayer and to decrease the extent of intergranular exchange coupling, while it obstructs the formation of a regular interface between Co and Pd layers. The Si seedlayer, which exhibits a surface roughness lower than the C seedlayer, yields Co/Pd multilayered films with the lowest intergranular exchange coupling and the highest coercivity. The improvement in magnetic properties of the Co/Pd film with Si seedlayer is attributable mainly to the formation of Pd2Si at the interface between the Co/Pd layer and the Si seedlayer. The Pd2Si provides suitable nucleation sites for the grain growth of Co/Pd multilayered film that can be utilized as a perpendicular magnetic recording medium.

The effect of amorphous carbon underlayer thickness on the microstructure of the Co/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media was investigated. From the magnetic force microscopy observation in the AC-demagnetized state of the Co/Pd multilayer media, the magnetic cluster size was observed to effectively decrease with an increase in carbon underlayer thickness, where the higher coercivity and the higher S / N ratio of the Co/Pd multilayer media were obtained with the thicker underlayer. Furthermore, the distribution of [1 1 1] orientation of FCC-Pd became broader, and the grain size decreased with an increase in the carbon underlayer thickness. These effects caused the magnetic exchange decoupling of Co/Pd multilayer media. We suggested that the change of microstructure was directly related to the surface roughness of the amorphous carbon underlayer.

Amorphous C and Si films were sputter-deposited as underlayers of Co/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media. The magnetic properties of the media were significantly affected by the underlayer thickness; namely, the values of coercivity H c and nucleation field − H n increased and the value of α decreased with merely increasing the thickness of C or Si underlayer, where α is the derivative of M – H loop at the value of coercivity. The coercivity was not always affected by magnetic anisotropy constant K u for the Co/Pd media. In read–write experiments, the higher S/N ratio was obtained for the media with the thicker C or Si underlayer, which exhibited low α and high H c . In the time decay experiments of magnetization, the Co/Pd multilayer media with C or Si underlayer possessed good thermal stability. This study demonstrated that the introduction of C or Si underlayer greatly improves magnetic properties, read–write characteristics, and thermal stability of Co/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media.

Signal and noise characteristics of Co/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media are discussed based upon MFM analysis. The noise of the Co/Pd multilayer media is originated mainly from irregularities in the magnetic transition regions, and can be drastically suppressed by increasing the thickness of the carbon underlayer although a large number of reversed magnetic domains between the magnetic transitions still exist. The fine magnetic clusters formed in the medium with a thick carbon underlayer result in clear magnetic transition boundaries of recorded bits in the high recording density region. By examining the profile of the M – H loops, the decrement in the α value, which is defined as the slope of M – H loop at the value of coercivity, improves the signal to noise ( S / N ) ratio for the Co/Pd multilayer media.

In the field, the female horn fly obtained blood meals from the bovine host before oviposition. The female flies moved to the lower portion of the hind legs as the legs were spread, and the tail was raised before excretion. Females deposited their eggs on the manure after excretion. The fly flew onto the manure pat for oviposition as the cow walked forward after excretion. It appeared that flies located on the belly received some stimuli for oviposition from the cow just before excretion. The horn fly deposited most of its eggs during the day with occasional deposition at night. Egg deposition increased at 10 degrees C. Fewer flies were observed on manure pats that contained90% or84% water. The location of horn flies on the cow and environmental factors associated with oviposition in the field are discussed.

We have observed flares of TeV-gamma rays from Mrk501 in 1997 using three telescopes of the Utah Seven Telescope Array at Dugway, Utah. Determination of the energy spectrum from such Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is very important, because the gamma-ray spectrum is expected to steepen around 10 TeV from objects like Mrk501 by the interaction of the infrared photons. We have developed the method to estimate energies of the gamma rays by stereoscopic analysis using multiple telescopes. The differential index of the energy spectrum obtained is well expressed by −2.5 between 700 GeV and 3 TeV. This spectrum seems to become steeper above several TeV.

A new ordered fullerene phase encapsulated by large-diameter CNTs is systematically investigated by combining a growth technique by chemical vapour deposition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and molecular-dynamics simulations. In contrast to fullerenes in smaller (1-2 nm) diameter CNTs, where fullerenes are packed in linear or helical chains, fullerenes form a nanoscale cylinder in double-walled CNTs with diameters of ∼4 nm. The fullerenes were shown to form a nanocylinder with a side wall that resembled the (111) plane of solid C(60). This ordered phase is different from peapods or fullerene solids known so far, and a result of the interaction between the CNT wall and fullerenes. This finding will open up a new field of fullerene science.

The effect of amorphous carbon underlayers on magnetic properties and read-write characteristics of Co/sub 73/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 6/Ta/sub 3/ single layer and Co/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media were investigated. The increase in H/sub c/ and decrease in /spl alpha/, defined as 4/spl pi/(dM/dH)/sub H=Hc/, were observed by increasing the underlayer thickness for both Co/sub 73/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 6/Ta/sub 3/ and Co/Pd media. The media with a low /spl alpha/ value, suggesting a decrease in the exchange coupling, exhibited the higher coercivity and the improvement of S/N ratio. In read-write experiments, the improvement of S/N ratio for the Co/Pd media was achieved up to 400 kFRPI or even higher in the recording density by increasing carbon underlayer thickness, while that for the Co/sub 73/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 6/Ta/sub 3/ media was obtained up to ca. 250 kFRPI.

In optical recording system, the tracking servo system must follow the track of optical disk against the influence of the track eccentricity and the force disturbance. In tracking servo system, the influence of the track eccentricity becomes periodic disturbance. The influence of force disturbance is sudden disturbance. This paper proposes a new robust tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with feedforward controller and sudden disturbance observer. In order to suppress the periodic disturbance, this paper designs the feedforward control system with prediction of tracking error. For suppressing the sudden disturbance, this paper proposes the sudden disturbance observer by using the predictive tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance.

In optical recording system, the tracking servo system must follow the track of optical disk against the influence of the track eccentricity and the force disturbance. In tracking servo system, the influence of the track eccentricity becomes a periodic disturbance. The influence of force disturbance is a sudden disturbance. This work proposes a new robust tracking servo system for an optical disk recording system with feedforward controller and sudden disturbance observer. In order to suppress the periodic disturbance, This work designs the feedforward control system with the prediction of tracking error. For suppressing the sudden disturbance, This work proposes the sudden disturbance observer by using the predictive tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance.

A high-speed tracking control system using feed-forward control with the zero phase error tracking method (ZPET-FF control) has been applied to high-data-transfer-rate and high-density optical disk drives for broadcast use. To realize high-data-transfer-rate optical disk drives, the optical head must be controlled for track-following with an accuracy of less than 9 nm during high-speed disk rotation. We compared the characteristics of the tracking accuracy of ZPET-FF control with those of conventional feedback control at 15000 rpm and analyzed their frequency responses in a simulation. The results show that the ZPET-FF control is accurate and robust toward periodic disturbances at high speeds. Experimental results show that ZPET-FF control is more precise than feedback control, and the residual tracking error is suppressed to 8.02 nm at a linear velocity of 18.3 m/s in an optical disk drive having a blue-violet laser (wavelength: 405 nm), an object lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85, and media with a track pitch of 0.32 µm.

This paper proposes a new robust tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with feedforward controller and sudden disturbance observer. In optical recording systems, the tracking servo system must suppress the influence of sudden disturbance and periodic disturbance. In order to suppress the periodic disturbance, this paper designs the feedforward control system with prediction of tracking error. For suppressing the sudden disturbance, this paper proposes the sudden disturbance observer by using the predictively tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance.

Although the advantages of epidural anesthesia in open surgery have been established, its usefulness in the setting of laparoscopic surgery remains to be studied.Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for infertility were randomly administered epidural anesthesia (group A, n = 11) or general anesthesia (group B, n = 9). The operation was performed under 4 mmHg pneumoperitoneum and in the 20 degrees Trendelenburg position. Respiratory function tests using a spirometer and blood gas analysis were performed during the intra- or perioperative period. Pain status was evaluated with visual analog scale scoring. The number of postoperative recovery days needed to resume daily activities was obtained by a questionnaire.Respiratory rate, minute volume, P(a)CO2, % vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % were virtually constant throughout the study period in group A, whereas %VC was decreased immediately after operation in group B (p0.05). Minute volume immediately after operation was significantly increased in group B compared with group A (p0.01), suggesting shallow respiration in women undergoing general anesthesia. Observed pain scores on abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and dyspnea were very low during operation in group A. Pain scores immediately and 3 h after operation were also minimal in group A, whereas abdominal pain scores at these points were significantly higher in group B than those in group A (both p0.01). The number of days required for a half reduction in wound pain, trotting, and full recuperation for group A were less than those for group B (p0.05).Epidural anesthesia, when used in laparoscopic surgery for infertility treatment, has advantages over general anesthesia in terms of analgesic effects, postoperative respiratory function, and a return to preoperative daily activities.

JAERI ‐KEK joint accelerator as a typified high power proton beam requires thick carbon stripper foils from 300 to 500 μg/cm2 to stripe electrons from the H− beam. In such high energy and high intensity beam bombardment, the foil lifetime is very short due to the radiation damage. Consequently, this short lifetime makes a great low operation efficiency of accelerator and highly hazardous work for the foil exchanger personal. Therefore, it is essentially important to make a breakthrough of the preparation method for long‐lived carbon stripper foils. For this purpose, we have been performing systematic research, development and production with high reproducibility using a controlled AC□DC arc‐discharge method.

The world's largest pulsed superconducting coil was successfully tested by charging up to 13 T and 46 kA with a stored energy of 640 MJ. The ITER central solenoid (CS) model coil and CS insert coil were developed and fabricated through an international collaboration, and their cooldown and charging tests were successfully carried out by international test and operation teams. In pulsed charging tests, where the original goal was 0.4 T/s up to 13 T, the CS model coil and the CS insert coil achieved ramp rates to 13 T of 0.6 T/s and 1.2 T/s, respectively. In addition, the CS insert coil was charged and discharged 10 003 times in the 13 T background field of the CS model coil and no degradation of the operational temperature margin directly coming from this cyclic operation was observed. These test results fulfilled all the goals of CS model coil development by confirming the validity of the engineering design and demonstrating that the ITER coils can now be constructed with confidence.

Summary Horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linneaus) (Diptera: Muscidae) were reared in vitro using cattle, pig, horse, rabbit, sheep, goat or chicken blood. The highest survival, bloodmeal size and rate of ovarian development were recorded for both female and male flies fed cattle blood. Flies fed pig, rabbit, sheep and goat blood showed intermediate survival. Flies fed chicken blood showed the lowest survival rates, ingested the smallest bloodmeals and did not develop ovaries. The relationship between dietary factors and host specificity of the horn fly, and the efficiency of vertebrate blood source of several animals for laboratory colonization of horn fly are discussed.

Overall, approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies are abdominal pregnancies, which can be life-threatening even when surgical intervention with laparotomy is performed. We present a case in which abdominal pregnancy was successfully managed by operative laparoscopy. A 25 year old Japanese woman presented 6 weeks after her last menstruation with elevated basal body temperature, lower abdominal pain, and light vaginal bleeding. The urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentration was 2137 IU/I, and laparoscopic findings (i.e. the implantation site was the posterior serosa of the uterus with normal adnexae) established a diagnosis of primary abdominal pregnancy. The gestational product was completely removed by laparoscopic surgery with no uncontrollable loss of blood. The urinary concentration of HCG declined rapidly and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Operative laparoscopy is a safe alternative for the management of appropriately selected patients with early abdominal pregnancy.

We studied 45 untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH) and 27 normotensive controls to assess the relationship between pulsed Doppler echocardiographic parameters and cardiac function, and the effects of acute changes in preload or afterload on these parameters. The following pulsed Doppler parameters were measured: as left ventricular (LV) inflow parameters, rapid filling peak velocity (R), presystolic peak velocity (A), and A/R; as LV outflow parameters, preejection period (PEP), ejection period (ET), ET/PEP, and peak velocity (PV). These parameters were compared with those relating to cardiac function, such as age, interventricular septal thickness (IVST), LV mass index (LVMI), % fractional shortening (%FS), LV end-systolic wall stress (WS), blood pressure, and heart rate. The changes in preload and afterload were induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or phenylephrine infusion, which caused decreases or increases in the mean blood pressure by approximately 15%. 1. LV inflow parameters: Compared to normals, A and the A/R were higher in the group EH (p less than 0.01). IVST in the group EH correlated with R and the A/R, but LVMI did not correlate with these parameters. In normals, A correlated with %FS and WS, but did not in the group EH. R and the A/R correlated with age in normals, but not in the group EH. 2. LV outflow parameters: There were no significant differences between the two groups. PV in the group EH correlated positively with %FS, and negatively with WS. The ET/PEP in normals correlated with %FS and WS, but not in the group EH. 3. Effects of SNP: Reduction in preload caused a decrease in R and an increase in the A/R in both the groups (p less than 0.01). At the same time, reduction in afterload induced increase in PV. 4. Effects of phenylephrine: An increase in afterload did not change A, R or the A/R, though PV decreased significantly in normals and tended to decrease in the group EH. In summary, though the significance of the pulsed Doppler parameters of the LV was not always the same between the two groups, these parameters may be used to evaluate cardiac function in EH, if we pay attention to the influence of preload and afterload.

Overall, approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies are abdominal pregnancies, which can be life-threatening even when surgical intervention with laparotomy is performed. We present a case in which abdominal pregnancy was successfully managed by operative laparoscopy. A 25 year old Japanese woman presented 6 weeks after her last menstruation with elevated basal body temperature, lower abdominal pain, and light vaginal bleeding. The urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentration was 2137 IU/I, and laparoscopic findings (i.e. the implantation site was the posterior serosa of the uterus with normal adnexae) established a diagnosis of primary abdominal pregnancy. The gestational product was completely removed by laparoscopic surgery with no uncontrollable loss of blood. The urinary concentration of HCG declined rapidly and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Operative laparoscopy is a safe alternative for the management of appropriately selected patients with early abdominal pregnancy.

This paper presents the latest design work of high speed adder logic based on Josephson elements. The Josephson adder uses a novel exclusive-OR logic and performs high speed carry propagation technique. The idea of directionality is also undertaken to avoid the necessary distortion in carry signal. The principle of operation with salient feature of simulation of the adder are presented in full detail. Necessary checks for carry skip and other fabrication parameters are investigated using detailed model of the device based on its highly miniaturized size. The results of the simulation show that the nominal delay of the adder logic is 20 ps/stage and average power dissipation is 47 μW/stage. Authors have mainly stressed upon how to obtain ultra fast speed at the cost of very low power dissipation of the presented adder with its small size.

In the horn fly Haematobia irritans L., activity of trypsin-like enzyme in the midgut increased rapidly to a maximum at about 7 hr (♂) or about 8 hr (♀) after blood ingestion, followed by a decrease till the 15th hr. The activity of aminopeptidase dropped once below the original level during the first 3 hr after a blood meal, but thereafter it increased until the 15th hr. The activity of trypsin-like enzyme in the midgut increased rapidly from 0.5 to 4.5 days of age and then changed to a cyclically decreasing and increasing plateau until 11.5 days of age. The activity of aminopeptidase increased quickly during 0.5 to 5.5 days of age (♂) or to 6.5 days of age (♀) and then changed in a cyclic pattern that differed in ♂♂ and ♂♀ till 11.5 days of age. In the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans L., activity of aminopeptidase in the midgut increased significantly during 3 hr after sucrose feeding and then decreased gradually until the 23rd hour to below the original level. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ein trypsinahnliches Enzym und Aminopeptidase im Mitteldarm von Haematobia irritans und Stomoxys calcitrans: Aktivitatsanderung in Abhangigkeit von Blutaufnahme und Alter Bei Haematobia stieg die Aktivitat des trypsinahnlichen Enzyms im Mitteldarm nach einer Blutaufnahme rasch an, erreichte ein Maximum nach etwa 7 Stunden (♂) oder 8 Stunden (♀) und fiel dann bis zur 15. Stunde ab. Die Aktivitat von Aminopeptidase sank nach Blutaufnahme vorerst unter das Originalniveau wahrend der ersten 3 Stunden, stieg dann aber gegen die 15. Stunde an. Bei Stomoxys stieg die Aktivitat des trypsinahnlichen Enzyms und von Aminopeptidase im Mitteldarm nach der Blutaufnahme an. allerdings verzogert gegenuber Haematobia. Bei Haematobia stieg die Aktivitat des trypsinahnlichen Enzyms im Mitteldarm rasch mit dem Alter von 0,5 bis 5,5 Tagen (♂) oder 6,5 Tagen (♀) an und veranderte sich dann in verschiedenen Mustern bei Mannchen und Weibchen bis zum Alter von 11.5 Tagen. Bei Stomoxys stieg die Aktivitat von Aminopeptidase im Mitteldarm nach Aufnahme von Saccharose signifikant wahrend 3 Stunden und fiel dann allmahlich bis zur 23. Stunde unter das Originalniveau ab.

This paper reports the phenomena produced in transmission line containing multi-Josephson junctions. The presented model consists of a distributed Josephson line connected by successive inductances and Josephson junctions, and a lossless transmission line. In this paper, a procedure of modeling the multi-Josephson transmission line is introduced and then the phenomena produced in the line is analyzed by use of computer-aided technique. The results of simulation show that the most important effect on switching operation is the mismatched effect of the characteristic impedance to the output load resistance. The relations between the produced phenomena such as oscillation frequency, propagation delay and output voltage, and circuit parameters are illustrated. This analysis shows profitable results for designing the Josephson logic circuit with transmission line.

A high-speed adder employing Josephson elements is proposed. This adder is constructed by using a novel Exclusive-OR logic and a high speed carry propagation technique. The principle of the operation is described and the simulation of the adder, of which model is based on the distributed parameter circuit, is illustrated in detail. The results of the simulation show that the adder operates with gate delay of order of 28ps at the dissipation levels of 125μw/ gate. The main advantages of this adder are its simple construction and extremely high operating speed.

So far developed Josephson logic adder using Josephson tunneling logic(JTL) has been constructed by undirect coupled technique for the carry signal propagation. Therefore, the system of adder becomes complex and operation becomes slow. The direct-coupled adder described below overcomes these shortcomings so as to achieve a high speed operation with a very simple construction. Furthermore, a novel direct-coupled CIL adder is included with necessary features and detail.

To observe the effects of anatomical distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the differences in blood pressure on cardiac function, borderline hypertensives (group A) and mild or moderate sustained hypertensives (group B) were studied at rest and during dynamic exercise and their results were compared with those of normal controls (group C). LVH was estimated by M-mode echocardiography, and cardiac function was assessed by radionuclide (RI) first pass and multigate methods. In each subjects, 0.5 watt/kg and 1.0 watt/kg loads of ergometer exercise were administered for 16 min in the supine position. The main results were as follows: 1. In borderline hypertension, there was significant hypertrophy of the interventricular septum, and the left ventricular mass index was greater than that in normal controls. 2. The cardiac index in borderline hypertension did not differ from that of normal controls, but that of sustained hypertension was significantly reduced. 3. Significant positive correlations were observed between blood pressure and the left ventricular mass index at rest and during exercise. 4. No difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest was observed among the three groups, but that in sustained hypertension during exercise was markedly less than that of the other groups. LVEF at 1.0 watt/kg load and delta LVEF correlated inversely with the left ventricular mass index. 5. Left ventricular end-systolic volume determined by an RI count method decreased significantly during exercise in normals and borderline hypertension, while that in sustained hypertension was not reduced during exercise. Accordingly, cardiac function in the latter group was judged to be impaired. 6. In borderline hypertension, regional LVEF in the septal portion was slightly reduced at rest and during exercise. This reduction might have been caused by an imbalance of hypertrophy between the septal and free wall portions. In sustained hypertension, regional septal LVEF was maintained at rest, but was markedly less during exercise as compared with the other groups. Regional LVEF in the free wall portion was similar in degree to that of LVEF at rest and during exercise in the three groups. 7. Though the peak filling rate (PFR) in borderline hypertension did not differ from that in controls, that of sustained hypertension was significantly reduced at rest and during exercise. Significant positive correlations were obtained between PFR and LVEF at rest and during exercise. In summary, elevated blood pressure at rest and during exercise was thought to be the most important causative factor of LVH in hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis by corticosteroid and 6-mercaptopurine was effective to some extent, but there were some problems about dosage, method of administration and period of discontinuation.