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1. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2022
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2. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.
Published: 2020
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3. Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of 130Te with CUORE

Author: D. R. Artusa, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, M. Balata, T. I. Banks, G. Bari, J. Beeman, F. Bellini, A. Bersani, M. Biassoni, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, X. Z. Cai, A. Camacho, L. Canonica, X. G. Cao, S. Capelli, L. Carbone, L. Cardani, M. Carrettoni, N. Casali, D. Chiesa, N. Chott, M. Clemenza, S. Copello, C. Cosmelli, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, I. Dafinei, A. Dally, V. Datskov, A. De Biasi, M. M. Deninno, S. Di Domizio, M. L. di Vacri, L. Ejzak, D. Q. Fang, H. A. Farach, M. Faverzani, G. Fernandes, E. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Fiorini, M. A. Franceschi, S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, J. Goett, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, T. D. Gutierrez, E. E. Haller, K. Han, K. M. Heeger, R. Hennings-Yeomans, H. Z. Huang, R. Kadel, K. Kazkaz, G. Keppel, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Y. L. Li, C. Ligi, X. Liu, Y. G. Ma, C. Maiano, M. Maino, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, Y. Mei, N. Moggi, S. Morganti, T. Napolitano, S. Nisi, C. Nones, E. B. Norman, A. Nucciotti, T. O’Donnell, F. Orio, D. Orlandi, J. L. Ouellet, M. Pallavicini, V. Palmieri, L. Pattavina, M. Pavan, M. Pedretti, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, G. Piperno, C. Pira, S. Pirro, E. Previtali, V. Rampazzo, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, E. Sala, S. Sangiorgio, N. D. Scielzo, M. Sisti, A. R. Smith, L. Taffarello, M. Tenconi, F. Terranova, W. D. Tian, C. Tomei, S. Trentalange, G. Ventura, M. Vignati, B. S. Wang, H. W. Wang, L. Wielgus, J. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, T. Wise, A. Woodcraft, L. Zanotti, C. Zarra, B. X. Zhu, and S. Zucchelli
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is a hypothesized lepton-number-violating process that offers the only known means of asserting the possible Majorana nature of neutrino mass. The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an upcoming experiment designed to search for 0νββ decay of 130Te using an array of 988 TeO2 crystal bolometers operated at 10 mK. The detector will contain 206 kg of 130Te and have an average energy resolution of 5 keV; the projected 0νββ decay half-life sensitivity after five years of livetime is 1.6 × 1026 y at 1σ (9.5 × 1025 y at the 90% confidence level), which corresponds to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40–100 meV (50–130 meV). In this paper, we review the experimental techniques used in CUORE as well as its current status and anticipated physics reach.
Published: 2015
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4. Deep learning based event reconstruction for cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy

Author: A Ashtari Esfahani, S Böser, N Buzinsky, M C Carmona-Benitez, R Cervantes, C Claessens, L de Viveiros, M Fertl, J A Formaggio, J K Gaison, L Gladstone, M Grando, M Guigue, J Hartse, K M Heeger, X Huyan, A M Jones, K Kazkaz, M Li, A Lindman, A Marsteller, C Matthé, R Mohiuddin, B Monreal, E C Morrison, R Mueller, J A Nikkel, E Novitski, N S Oblath, J I Peña, W Pettus, R Reimann, R G H Robertson, L Saldaña, M Schram, P L Slocum, J Stachurska, Y-H Sun, P T Surukuchi, A B Telles, F Thomas, M Thomas, L A Thorne, T Thümmler, L Tvrznikova, W Van De Pontseele, B A VanDevender, T E Weiss, T Wendler, E Zayas, and A Ziegler
Subjects: neutrino mass, cyclotron radiation, Project 8, machine learning, deep learning, convolutional neural network, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: The objective of the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technology is to build precise particle energy spectra. This is achieved by identifying the start frequencies of charged particle trajectories which, when exposed to an external magnetic field, leave semi-linear profiles (called tracks) in the time–frequency plane. Due to the need for excellent instrumental energy resolution in application, highly efficient and accurate track reconstruction methods are desired. Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) - particularly suited to deal with information-sparse data and which offer precise foreground localization—may be utilized to extract track properties from measured CRES signals (called events) with relative computational ease. In this work, we develop a novel machine learning based model which operates a CNN and a support vector machine in tandem to perform this reconstruction. A primary application of our method is shown on simulated CRES signals which mimic those of the Project 8 experiment—a novel effort to extract the unknown absolute neutrino mass value from a precise measurement of tritium β ^− -decay energy spectrum. When compared to a point-clustering based technique used as a baseline, we show a relative gain of 24.1% in event reconstruction efficiency and comparable performance in accuracy of track parameter reconstruction.
Published: 2024
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5. Viterbi decoding of CRES signals in Project 8

Author: A Ashtari Esfahani, Z Bogorad, S Böser, N Buzinsky, C Claessens, L de Viveiros, M Fertl, J A Formaggio, L Gladstone, M Grando, M Guigue, J Hartse, K M Heeger, X Huyan, J Johnston, A M Jones, K Kazkaz, B H LaRoque, M Li, A Lindman, C Matthé, R Mohiuddin, B Monreal, J A Nikkel, E Novitski, N S Oblath, J I Peña, W Pettus, R Reimann, R G H Robertson, G Rybka, L Saldaña, M Schram, P L Slocum, J Stachurska, Y-H Sun, P T Surukuchi, A B Telles, F Thomas, M Thomas, T Thümmler, L Tvrznikova, W Van De Pontseele, B A VanDevender, T E Weiss, T Wendler, E Zayas, and A Ziegler
Subjects: Viterbi algorithm, neutrino mass, hidden Markov model, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a modern approach for determining charged particle energies via high-precision frequency measurements of the emitted cyclotron radiation. For CRES experiments with gas within the fiducial volume, signal and noise dynamics can be modelled by a hidden Markov model. We introduce a novel application of the Viterbi algorithm in order to derive informational limits on the optimal detection of cyclotron radiation signals in this class of gas-filled CRES experiments, thereby providing concrete limits from which future reconstruction algorithms, as well as detector designs, can be constrained. The validity of the resultant decision rules is confirmed using both Monte Carlo and Project 8 data.
Published: 2022
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6. Using cyclotron radiation emission for ultra-high resolution x-ray spectroscopy

Author: K Kazkaz and N Woollett
Subjects: x-ray spectrometry, high precision, cyclrotron radiation emission spectroscopy, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is an approach to measuring the energy of an electron trapped in an externally applied magnetic field. The bare electron can come from different interactions, including photoelectric absorption, Compton scatters, beta decay, and pair production. CRES relies on measuring the frequency of the electron’s cyclotron motion, and because the measurement times extend over 10 ^6 –10 ^7 cycles, the energy resolution is on the order of a single electronvolt. To date, CRES has only been performed on internal beta-emitting radioisotopes, but the technology can be applied to x-ray spectrometery through appropriate selection of a target gas and sufficient intensity of the distinct x-ray source. The applications of this technology range from high-precision measurements of atomic energy levels to calibrations of basic science experiments, to trace element identification. In this work we explore the use of CRES for x-ray spectroscopy within the rubric of measuring the energy levels of argon. Though the energy levels of argon are well established, we adopt this motivation as an example question around which a detector may be designed. The issues we explore include target material, density, electron trapping depth, noise levels, and overall efficiency. We also discuss spectral deconvolution and how the multiple peaks obtained from a single target/source pair can be used to enhance the robustness of the measurement.
Published: 2021
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7. Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy signal classification with machine learning in project 8

Author: A Ashtari Esfahani, S Böser, N Buzinsky, R Cervantes, C Claessens, L de Viveiros, M Fertl, J A Formaggio, L Gladstone, M Guigue, K M Heeger, J Johnston, A M Jones, K Kazkaz, B H LaRoque, A Lindman, E Machado, B Monreal, E C Morrison, J A Nikkel, E Novitski, N S Oblath, W Pettus, R G H Robertson, G Rybka, L Saldaña, V Sibille, M Schram, P L Slocum, Y-H Sun, T Thümmler, B A VanDevender, T E Weiss, T Wendler, and E Zayas
Subjects: neutrino mass, cyclotron radiation, machine learning, support vector machine, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique pioneered by Project 8 measures electromagnetic radiation from individual electrons gyrating in a background magnetic field to construct a highly precise energy spectrum for beta decay studies and other applications. The detector, magnetic trap geometry and electron dynamics give rise to a multitude of complex electron signal structures which carry information about distinguishing physical traits. With machine learning models, we develop a scheme based on these traits to analyze and classify CRES signals. Proper understanding and use of these traits will be instrumental to improve cyclotron frequency reconstruction and boost the potential of Project 8 to achieve world-leading sensitivity on the tritium endpoint measurement in the future.
Published: 2020
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8. Locust: C++ software for simulation of RF detection

Author: A Ashtari Esfahani, S Böser, N Buzinsky, R Cervantes, C Claessens, L de Viveiros, M Fertl, J A Formaggio, L Gladstone, M Guigue, K M Heeger, J Johnston, A M Jones, K Kazkaz, B H LaRoque, A Lindman, E Machado, B Monreal, E C Morrison, J A Nikkel, E Novitski, N S Oblath, W Pettus, R G H Robertson, G Rybka, L Saldaña, V Sibille, M Schram, P L Slocum, Y-H Sun, J R Tedeschi, T Thümmler, B A VanDevender, M Wachtendonk, M Walter, T E Weiss, T Wendler, and E Zayas
Subjects: RF, radiation detection, simulation, antenna, C++, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Locust simulation package is a new C++ software tool developed to simulate the measurement of time-varying electromagnetic fields using RF detection techniques. Modularity and flexibility allow for arbitrary input signals, while concurrently supporting tight integration with physics-based simulations as input. External signals driven by the Kassiopeia particle tracking package are discussed, demonstrating conditional feedback between Locust and Kassiopeia during software execution. An application of the simulation to the Project 8 experiment is described. Locust is publicly available at https://github.com/project8/locust_mc .
Published: 2019
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9. SYNCA: A Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna for the Project 8 Collaboration

Author: A. Ashtari Esfahani, S. Böser, N. Buzinsky, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, C. Claessens, L. de Viveiros, M. Fertl, J.A. Formaggio, L. Gladstone, M. Grando, J. Hartse, K.M. Heeger, X. Huyan, A.M. Jones, K. Kazkaz, M. Li, A. Lindman, C. Matthé, R. Mohiuddin, B. Monreal, R. Mueller, J.A. Nikkel, E. Novitski, N.S. Oblath, J.I. Peña, W. Pettus, R. Reimann, R.G.H. Robertson, L. Saldaña, P.L. Slocum, J. Stachurska, Y.-H. Sun, P.T. Surukuchi, A.B. Telles, F. Thomas, M. Thomas, L.A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, L. Tvrznikova, W. Van De Pontseele, B.A. VanDevender, T.E. Weiss, T. Wendler, E. Zayas, and A. Ziegler
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) is a technique for measuring the kinetic energy of charged particles through a precision measurement of the frequency of the cyclotron radiation generated by the particle's motion in a magnetic field. The Project 8 collaboration is developing a next-generation neutrino mass measurement experiment based on CRES. One approach is to use a phased antenna array, which surrounds a volume of tritium gas, to detect and measure the cyclotron radiation of the resulting β-decay electrons. To validate the feasibility of this method, Project 8 has designed a test stand to benchmark the performance of an antenna array at reconstructing signals that mimic those of genuine CRES events. To generate synthetic CRES events, a novel probe antenna has been developed, which emits radiation with characteristics similar to the cyclotron radiation produced by charged particles in magnetic fields. This paper outlines the design, construction, and characterization of this Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna (SYNCA). Furthermore, we perform a series of measurements that use the SYNCA to test the position reconstruction capabilities of the digital beamforming reconstruction technique. We find that the SYNCA produces radiation with characteristics closely matching those expected for cyclotron radiation and reproduces experimentally the phenomenology of digital beamforming simulations of true CRES signals.
Published: 2022
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10. Constraints on effective field theory couplings using 311.2 days of LUX data

Author: A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M.I. Lopes, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, S. Alsum, M. Horn, P. A. Terman, A. Fan, J. T. White, P. Rossiter, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Taylor, T. J. Whitis, A. Manalaysay, D. Byram, Antonin Vacheret, B. G. Lenardo, Q. Riffard, N. Swanson, P. Brás, K. T. Lesko, V. Velan, Ethan Bernard, A. Nilima, Matthew Szydagis, T. J. Sumner, S. Shaw, R. G. Jacobsen, K. Palladino, P. Sorensen, D. Khaitan, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, J. A. Morad, M. Solmaz, B. P. Tennyson, O. Jahangir, U. Utku, W. C. Taylor, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, E. Leason, J. Bang, H. N. Nelson, Henrique Araujo, W. Ji, L. Tvrznikova, V. A. Kudryavtsev, F. Neves, D. R. Tiedt, J. Balajthy, B. Boxer, C. M. Ignarra, A. Lindote, R. L. Mannino, S. A. Hertel, S. Fiorucci, Carl Gwilliam, T. A. Shutt, W. H. To, D. S. Akerib, E. Druszkiewicz, V. N. Solovov, C. R. Hall, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Woodward, D. J. Taylor, Chao Zhang, D. P. Hogan, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Rhyne, N. Marangou, Elena Korolkova, J. Liao, G. R. C. Rischbieter, R. J. Gaitskell, Dongming Mei, F. L. H. Wolfs, E. M. Boulton, K. Kamdin, X. Xiang, J. Lin, Daniel McKinsey, A. Naylor, J. E. Cutter, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, Michael S. Witherell, Catarina Silva, C. Chan, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, DARK-MATTER, Order (group theory), Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report here the results of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) WIMP search analysis using LUX data. We build upon previous LUX analyses by extending the search window to include nuclear recoil energies up to $\sim$180 keV$_{nr}$, requiring a reassessment of data quality cuts and background models. In order to use a binned Profile Likelihood statistical framework, the development of new analysis techniques to account for higher-energy backgrounds was required. With a 3.14$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day exposure using data collected between 2014 and 2016, we set 90\% C.L. exclusion limits on non-relativistic EFT WIMP couplings to neutrons and protons, providing the most stringent constraints on a significant fraction of the possible EFT WIMP interactions. Additionally, we report world-leading exclusion limits on inelastic EFT WIMP-nucleon recoils., 19 Pages, 10 Figures, 4 Table
Published: 2021

11. Neutron Induced Fission Fragment Angular Distributions, Anisotropy, and Linear Momentum Transfer Measured with the NIFFTE Fission Time Projection Chamber

Author: Jonathan B. King, D. Higgins, T. R. Towell, Z. Q. Case, J. L. Klay, T. Classen, A. Kemnitz, C. L. Towell, D. L. Duke, L. Yao, E. Leal, E. Guardincerri, N. Fotiadis, M. Heffner, Samuele Sangiorgio, G. Oman, N. Walsh, L. Snyder, C. A. Hagmann, K. Kazkaz, M. P. Mendenhall, Christopher Prokop, V. Geppert-Kleinrath, K. J. Kiesling, Joseph Latta, T.S. Watson, Brett Manning, K. J. Brewster, Nathaniel Bowden, R. S. Towell, D. Hensle, M. Monterial, M. Lynch, J. A. Magee, B. Seilhan, J. T. Barker, J. S. Barrett, C. R. Hicks, Shea Mosby, W. Loveland, Walid Younes, Uwe Greife, J. Bundgaard, Robert Casperson, D. Cebra, Fredrik Tovesson, L. D. Isenhower, Kyle Schmitt, and J. Gearhart
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Neutron Induced Fission Fragment Tracking Experiment (NIFFTE) collaboration has performed measurements with a fission time projection chamber (fissionTPC) to study the fission process by reconstructing full three-dimensional tracks of fission fragments and other ionizing radiation. The amount of linear momentum imparted to the fissioning nucleus by the incident neutron can be inferred by measuring the opening angle between the fission fragments. Using this measured linear momentum, fission fragment angular distributions can be converted to the center-of-mass frame for anisotropy measurements. Angular anisotropy is an important experimental observable for understanding the quantum mechanical state of the fissioning nucleus and vital to determining detection efficiency for cross section measurements. Neutron linear momentum transfer to fissioning $^{235}$U, $^{238}$U, and $^{239}$Pu and fission fragment angular anisotropy of $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U as a function of neutron energies in the range 130 keV--250 MeV are presented.
Published: 2020
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12. Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Author: S. Pereverzev, J. Xu, M. Tripathi, J. Kingston, K. Kazkaz, A. Bernstein, B. G. Lenardo, and D. Naim
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Large range, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Xenon, chemistry, Electric field, Atomic physics, Saturation (magnetic), Voltage
Abstract: Dual-phase xenon detectors are widely used in dark matter direct detection experiments, and have demonstrated the highest sensitivities to a variety of dark matter interactions. However, a key component of the dual-phase detector technology---the efficiency of charge extraction from liquid xenon into gas---has not been well characterized. In this paper, we report a new measurement of the electron extraction efficiency (EEE) in a small xenon detector using two monoenergetic decay features of $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$. By achieving stable operation at very high voltages, we measured the EEE values at the highest extraction electric field strength reported to date. For the first time, an apparent saturation of the EEE is observed over a large range of electric field; between 7.5 and $10.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}$ extraction field in the liquid xenon the EEE stays stable at the level of 1% $(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. In the context of electron transport models developed for xenon, we discuss how the observed saturation may help calibrate this relative EEE measurement to the absolute EEE values. In addition, we present the implications of this result not only to current and future xenon-based dark matter searches, but also to xenon-based searches for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatters.
Published: 2019
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13. Search for annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX experiment

Author: T. J. Sumner, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, S. Uvarov, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, A. Manalaysay, H. N. Nelson, Ethan Bernard, J. Liao, V. Velan, W. H. To, U. Utku, A. Lindote, M. Horn, M. F. Marzioni, D. Woodward, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, Mani Tripathi, P. Rossiter, S. J. Haselschwardt, Sergey Burdin, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, K. T. Lesko, Matthew Szydagis, T. J. Whitis, E. M. Boulton, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, R. C. Webb, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, B. G. Lenardo, D. J. Taylor, C. Nehrkorn, J. Lin, F.L.H. Wolfs, M. Solmaz, F. Neves, S. Shaw, J.R. Verbus, D. Byram, S. Fiorucci, C. Ghag, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Chao Zhang, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, P. A. Terman, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, B. Boxer, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Cutter, P. Sorensen, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, B. P. Tennyson, L. Tvrznikova, Carl Gwilliam, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, Daniel McKinsey, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, N. Marangou, Dongming Mei, A. Fan, P. Brás, S. A. Hertel, K. J. Palladino, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, K. Yazdani, D. P. Hogan, E. K. Pease, Michael S. Witherell, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and The Royal Society
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Rate modulation, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation (music), DARK-MATTER, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Amplitude, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Halo, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Tonne, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Various dark matter models predict annual and diurnal modulations of dark matter interaction rates in Earth-based experiments as a result of the Earth's motion in the halo. Observation of such features can provide generic evidence for detection of dark matter interactions. This paper reports a search for both annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX dark matter experiment using over 20 calendar months of data acquired between 2013 and 2016. This search focuses on electron recoil events at low energies, where leptophilic dark matter interactions are expected to occur and where the DAMA experiment has observed a strong rate modulation for over two decades. By using the innermost volume of the LUX detector and developing robust cuts and corrections, we obtained a stable event rate of 2.3$\pm$0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne, which is among the lowest in all dark matter experiments. No statistically significant annual modulation was observed in energy windows up to 26~keV$_{\text{ee}}$. Between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$, this analysis demonstrates the most sensitive annual modulation search up to date, with 9.2$\sigma$ tension with the DAMA/LIBRA result. We also report no observation of diurnal modulations above 0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne amplitude between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2018

14. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author: Mani Tripathi, X. Bai, D. J. Taylor, A. Dobi, R. C. Webb, S. Fiorucci, H. N. Nelson, J. Mock, K. Pech, R.G. Jacobsen, C. H. Faham, P. Sorensen, L. Tvrznikova, C. Ghag, M. Moongweluwan, A. J. Bailey, M. Hanhardt, Chao Zhang, B. G. Lenardo, S. Shaw, P. Phelps, A. Bernstein, A. St. J. Murphy, Henrique Araujo, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, T. A. Shutt, V. M. Gehman, J. A. Morad, J. E. Cutter, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. R. Hall, F. Neves, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, A. Lindote, Ethan Bernard, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, L. Reichhart, B. N. Edwards, Daniel McKinsey, W. H. To, M. F. Marzioni, T. P. Biesiadzinski, D. M. Mei, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, K. T. Lesko, D. Q. Huang, C. Lee, K. O’Sullivan, C. Rhyne, P. A. Terman, R. J. Gaitskell, J. T. White, Michael S. Witherell, T. Coffey, K. J. Palladino, A.A. Chiller, Sidney Cahn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K.R. Gibson, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Ihm, A. Currie, S. Uvarov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, V. N. Solovov, T. J. Whitis, D. P. Hogan, J.R. Verbus, M. Horn, Matthew Szydagis, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Stephenson, Sarah Young, F.L.H. Wolfs, C. Nehrkorn, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. Ji, S. J. Haselschwardt, E. M. Boulton, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, T. J. Sumner, and D. S. Akerib
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Trace Amounts, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Adsorption, Xenon, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Gas separation, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiochemistry, Krypton, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Weakly interacting massive particles
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes $^{85}$Kr and $^{39}$Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search exmperiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt., Comment: Accepted in Astropart. Phys
Published: 2018

15. Kr83m calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search

Author: L. Tvrznikova, A. Currie, Witherell, D. Q. Huang, S. Uvarov, R. G. Jacobsen, B. G. Lenardo, A. Dobi, D. J. Taylor, D. M. Mei, J. A. Morad, P. Sorensen, T. J. R. Davison, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Horn, Verbus, K. Kamdin, M. Solmaz, P. Beltrame, R. C. Webb, S. A. Hertel, T. J. Whitis, W. Ji, H. N. Nelson, D. Byram, K. Yazdani, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, Sarah Young, Fallon, S. J. Haselschwardt, Catarina Silva, S. Alsum, C. M. Ignarra, M. Moongweluwan, Tiedt, K. T. Lesko, Velan, P. A. Terman, N. A. Larsen, P. Brás, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, C. Chan, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, T. J. Sumner, M. Hanhardt, J. Mock, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Manalaysay, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Shaw, C. Ghag, A. Fan, Chao Zhang, T. A. Shutt, E. Druszkiewicz, Sidney Cahn, M. F. Marzioni, K. O'Sullivan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Khaitan, J. T. White, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. P. Hogan, Mani Tripathi, Adam Bernstein, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, V. N. Solovov, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Lindote, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, R. L. Mannino, A. J. Bailey, Blair Edwards, W. C. Taylor, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Henrique Araujo, W. H. To, C. R. Hall, E. M. Boulton, Daniel McKinsey, and D. S. Akerib
Subjects: Combinatorics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Context (language use), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: LUX was the first dark matter experiment to use a Kr83m calibration source. In this paper, we describe the source preparation and injection. We also present several Kr83m calibration applications in the context of the 2013 LUX exposure, including the measurement of temporal and spatial variation in scintillation and charge signal amplitudes, and several methods to understand the electric field within the time projection chamber.
Published: 2017

16. Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of130Te with CUORE

Author: A. De Biasi, M. Balata, N. Casali, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, F. Orio, Carlo Ligi, Alan R. Smith, Emanuele Ferri, Eugene E. Haller, M. Tenconi, B. S. Wang, B. X. Zhu, M. Faverzani, Massimiliano Clemenza, Davide Chiesa, O. Azzolini, M. Carrettoni, Marco Pallavicini, H. A. Farach, V. Pettinacci, A. Giuliani, G. Bari, X. Liu, Simone Capelli, R. W. Kadel, James R. Wilson, L. Cardani, N. Chott, G. Fernandes, N. Moggi, Oliviero Cremonesi, G. Pessina, Stuart Freedman, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, Jeffrey W. Beeman, J. Goett, Yingqi Ma, T. Wise, R. J. Creswick, G. Keppel, D. R. Artusa, Monica Sisti, Y. L. Li, A. Bersani, V. Rampazzo, Marisa Pedretti, Samuele Sangiorgio, Stefano Nisi, H. Z. Huang, A. Nucciotti, G. Piperno, Elena Sala, Y. Mei, V. Palmieri, A. Dally, Yu G. Kolomensky, R. Hennings-Yeomans, Xi-Guang Cao, K. M. Heeger, Eric B. Norman, Ettore Fiorini, Silvio Morganti, L. Gironi, A. Woodcraft, T. I. Banks, C. Maiano, S. Pirro, T. Napolitano, G. Ventura, S. Trentalange, Lindley Winslow, F. T. Avignone, Nicholas Scielzo, Andrea Giachero, X. Z. Cai, F. Terranova, S. Di Domizio, M. Biassoni, C. Zarra, L. Wielgus, W. D. Tian, M. M. Deninno, M. Maino, B. K. Fujikawa, Claudio Gotti, L. Taffarello, C. Nones, J. L. Ouellet, K. Kazkaz, M. L. Di Vacri, H. W. Wang, C. Cosmelli, T. O'Donnell, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, M. Vignati, C. Rusconi, S. Copello, S. Zucchelli, C. Pira, Larissa M. Ejzak, F. Bellini, D. Orlandi, M. A. Franceschi, C. Brofferio, Alejandro E. Camacho, D. Q. Fang, L. Carbone, Ezio Previtali, L. Pattavina, L. Zanotti, L. Canonica, M. I. Martínez, M. Pavan, Ioan Dafinei, Vladimir Datskov, C. Rosenfeld, Artusa, D.R., Avignone, F.T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Banks, T.I., Bari, G., Beeman, J., Bellini, F., Bersani, A., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Cai, X.Z., Camacho, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X.G., Capelli, S., Carbone, L., Cardani, L., Carrettoni, M., Casali, N., Chiesa, D., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cosmelli, C., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R.J., Dafinei, I., Dally, A., Datskov, V., De Biasi, A., Deninno, M.M., Di Domizio, S., Di Vacri, M.L., Ejzak, L., Fang, D.Q., Farach, H.A., Faverzani, M., Fernandes, G., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M.A., Freedman, S.J., Fujikawa, B.K., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Goett, J., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T.D., Haller, E.E., Han, K., Heeger, K.M., Hennings-Yeomans, R., Huang, H.Z., Kadel, R., Kazkaz, K., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu.G., Li, Y.L., Ligi, C., Liu, X., Ma, Y.G., Maiano, C., Maino, M., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R.H., Mei, Y., Moggi, N., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E.B., Nucciotti, A., O'Donnell, T., Orio, F., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J.L., Pallavicini, M., Palmieri, V., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pedretti, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Piperno, G., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Previtali, E., Rampazzo, V., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sala, E., Sangiorgio, S., Scielzo, N.D., Sisti, M., Smith, A.R., Taffarello, L., Tenconi, M., Terranova, F., Tian, W.D., Tomei, C., Trentalange, S., Ventura, G., Vignati, M., Wang, B.S., Wang, H.W., Wielgus, L., Wilson, J., Winslow, L.A., Wise, T., Woodcraft, A., Zanotti, L., Zarra, C., Zhu, B.X., Zucchelli, S., Artusa, D, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Banks, T, Bari, G, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Bersani, A, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Cai, X, Camacho, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Carbone, L, Cardani, L, Carrettoni, M, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Dafinei, I, Dally, A, Datskov, V, De Biasi, A, Deninno, M, Di Domizio, S, Di Vacri, M, Ejzak, L, Fang, D, Farach, H, Faverzani, M, Fernandes, G, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fujikawa, B, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Goett, J, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, T, Haller, E, Han, K, Heeger, K, Hennings Yeomans, R, Huang, H, Kadel, R, Kazkaz, K, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Y, Li, Y, Ligi, C, Liu, X, Ma, Y, Maiano, C, Maino, M, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Nucciotti, A, O'Donnell, T, Orio, F, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pallavicini, M, Palmieri, V, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pedretti, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Piperno, G, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Previtali, E, Rampazzo, V, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sala, E, Sangiorgio, S, Scielzo, N, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Taffarello, L, Tenconi, M, Terranova, F, Tian, W, Tomei, C, Trentalange, S, Ventura, G, Vignati, M, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wielgus, L, Wilson, J, Winslow, L, Wise, T, Woodcraft, A, Zanotti, L, Zarra, C, Zhu, B, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: Neutrinoless double-beta, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, RESPONSE STABILIZATION, 7. Clean energy, VALIDATION, Nuclear physics, CUORICINO, CUORE, Double beta decay, DETECTORS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, BOLOMETERS, Half-life, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Beta decay, lcsh:QC1-999, 3. Good health, MAJORANA, RARE EVENTS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics. RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION, Neutrino, lcsh:Physics, Radioactive decay, Lepton
Abstract: Neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay is a hypothesized lepton-number-violating process that offers the only known means of asserting the possible Majorana nature of neutrino mass. The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an upcoming experiment designed to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{130}$Te using an array of 988 TeO$_2$ crystal bolometers operated at 10 mK. The detector will contain 206 kg of $^{130}$Te and have an average energy resolution of 5 keV; the projected $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life sensitivity after five years of live time is $1.6\times 10^{26}$ y at $1\sigma$ ($9.5\times10^{25}$ y at the 90% confidence level), which corresponds to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40--100 meV (50--130 meV). In this paper we review the experimental techniques used in CUORE as well as its current status and anticipated physics reach., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. Published in Advances in High Energy Physics, Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 879871
Published: 2015

17. First Searches for Axions and Axionlike Particles with the LUX Experiment

Author: K.R. Gibson, Henrique Araujo, P. A. Terman, S. Shaw, M. Hanhardt, C. R. Hall, S. Uvarov, D. P. Hogan, J. E. Cutter, M. Horn, A. Manalaysay, F.L.H. Wolfs, S. K. Young, M. S. Witherell, K. O’Sullivan, Ethan Bernard, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, D. J. Taylor, T. A. Shutt, F. Neves, R. G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, J. A. Morad, P. Brás, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. Kamdin, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, L. Tvrznikova, P. Beltrame, D. Q. Huang, W. Ji, C. Rhyne, S. Alsum, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Dobi, B. G. Lenardo, C. Aquino, A. Currie, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Moongweluwan, H. N. Nelson, V. M. Gehman, V. Velan, Daniel McKinsey, T. J. Whitis, Matthew Szydagis, Dongming Mei, P. Sorensen, C. H. Faham, Jilei Xu, Sidney Cahn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, K. Kazkaz, C. Nehrkorn, C. Ghag, M. Solmaz, J.R. Verbus, B. P. Tennyson, Mani Tripathi, S. Stephenson, R. L. Mannino, J. Mock, Chao Zhang, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. C. Taylor, R. C. Webb, A. Lindote, J. Balajthy, S. Fiorucci, L. Reichhart, S. R. Fallon, W. H. To, A. A. Chiller, C. Chan, B. N. Edwards, A. J. Bailey, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, T. J. R. Davison, D. Byram, C. Chiller, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Ching Hua Lee, M. F. Marzioni, and D. Khaitan
Subjects: Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LUX Collaboration, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, Axion, DETECTOR, Boson, Physics, Coupling constant, HARMLESS AXION, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, INVISIBLE AXION, hep-ph, Coupling (probability), INVARIANCE, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, STRONG CP PROBLEM, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Strong CP problem, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The first searches for axions and axionlike particles with the Large Underground Xenon experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axioelectric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons g_{Ae} is tested using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totaling 95 live days ×118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes g_{Ae} larger than 3.5×10^{-12} (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c^{2}, while for the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zhakharov description masses above 36.6 eV/c^{2} are excluded. For galactic axionlike particles, values of g_{Ae} larger than 4.2×10^{-13} are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c^{2}. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.
Published: 2017

18. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section obtained from the complete LUX exposure

Author: Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, C. H. Faham, A. St. J. Murphy, C. Ghag, V. Velan, M.I. Lopes, F.L.H. Wolfs, R. Knoche, D. P. Hogan, A. Dobi, M. Hanhardt, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. Gilchriese, D. Byram, T. J. Sumner, Sidney Cahn, T. J. Whitis, A. Bernstein, R. L. Mannino, S. Fiorucci, C. Chiller, H. N. Nelson, J. E. Cutter, F. Neves, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, Mani Tripathi, Matthew Szydagis, P. Brás, Ethan Bernard, W. H. To, D. Q. Huang, B. G. Lenardo, L. Tvrznikova, C. Chan, S. Uvarov, D. Khaitan, Daniel McKinsey, M. Horn, D. S. Akerib, M. Solmaz, S. R. Fallon, R. C. Webb, Dongming Mei, K. O’Sullivan, A. Currie, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, V. M. Gehman, K. Kamdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Beltrame, W. C. Taylor, K. Kazkaz, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, R. G. Jacobsen, S. A. Hertel, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Balajthy, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Chao Zhang, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, S. Stephenson, Henrique Araujo, W. Ji, Ching Hua Lee, J.R. Verbus, A. A. Chiller, T. J. R. Davison, P. A. Terman, B. N. Edwards, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. R. Hall, Sarah Young, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J. T. White, P. Sorensen, B. P. Tennyson, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, S. Shaw, M. S. Witherell, X. Bai, J. Mock, D. J. Taylor, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, and M. F. Marzioni
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Hadron, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, Engineering, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, DARK-MATTER, 010306 general physics, Elastic scattering, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Baryon, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from the total 129.5 kg-year exposure acquired by the Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX), operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota (USA). A profile likelihood ratio analysis allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n$ = 1.6$\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^{2}$ ($\sigma_p$ = 5$\times 10^{-40}$ cm$^{2}$) at 35 GeV$c^{-2}$, almost a sixfold improvement over the previous LUX spin-dependent results. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by PRL
Published: 2017
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19. Signal yields, energy resolution, and recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon

Author: Henrique Araujo, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Matthew Szydagis, B. G. Lenardo, T. J. Sumner, C. R. Hall, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Solmaz, K. Kamdin, Sidney Cahn, P. Beltrame, Mani Tripathi, K.R. Gibson, R.G. Jacobsen, D. Byram, S. Stephenson, M. F. Marzioni, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Witherell, R. C. Webb, K. O'Sullivan, Sarah Young, P. A. Terman, C. M. Ignarra, F.L.H. Wolfs, T. A. Shutt, N.A. Larsen, D. Q. Huang, J. A. Morad, Tiedt, Daniel McKinsey, J. E. Y. Dobson, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Shaw, P. Brás, R. Bramante, P. Phelps, K. Kazkaz, A.A. Chiller, C. Chiller, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, C. H. Faham, K. J. Palladino, E. M. Boulton, M. Hanhardt, C. Ghag, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, D. M. Mei, V. N. Solovov, T. J. R. Davison, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Bernstein, S. Alsum, A. Dobi, A. Manalaysay, A. J. Bailey, B. N. Edwards, H. N. Nelson, L. Tvrznikova, M. Moongweluwan, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, Ethan Bernard, M. Horn, R. L. Mannino, V. M. Gehman, F. Neves, J. Mock, Verbus, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Currie, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, K. Yazdani, Chao Zhang, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Chan, W. Ji, T. J. Whitis, J. T. White, C. Rhyne, D. J. Taylor, R. J. Gaitskell, D. S. Akerib, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, W. H. To, and S. Fiorucci
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ARGON, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Xenon, DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Limiting, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), SCINTILLATION YIELDS, 3. Good health, chemistry, Physical Sciences, IONIZATION, Atomic physics, Recombination
Abstract: This work presents an analysis of monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks in the dark-matter-search and calibration data from the first underground science run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector. Liquid xenon charge and light yields for electronic recoil energies between 5.2 and 661.7 keV are measured, as well as the energy resolution for the LUX detector at those same energies. Additionally, there is an interpretation of existing measurements and descriptions of electron-ion recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon as limiting cases of a more general liquid xenon re- combination fluctuation model. Measurements of the standard deviation of these fluctuations at monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks exhibit a linear dependence on the number of ions for energy deposits up to 661.7 keV, consistent with previous LUX measurements between 2-16 keV with $^3$H. We highlight similarities in liquid xenon recombination for electronic and nuclear recoils with a comparison of recombination fluctuations measured with low-energy calibration data., 11 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2017

20. Neutral current and day night measurements from the pure D2O phase of SNO

Author: B. C. Robertson, J. R. Leslie, M. Dunford, Eric B. Norman, J. B. Wilhelmy, T. Kutter, J. Manor, J. Farine, S. D. Biller, C. W. Nally, T. V. Bullard, A. S. Hamer, D. R. Grant, Guthrie Miller, S. J. Brice, James R. Wilson, E. W. Beier, P. J. Harvey, J. Cameron, C. E. Okada, J. F. Wilkerson, E. D. Hallman, X. Chen, W. J. Heintzelman, S. R. Elliott, R. G. Stokstad, David A. Sinclair, J. A. Formaggio, P. Jagam, Reda Tafirout, Christopher C. M. Kyba, M. W. Smith, C. J. Virtue, Ilan Levine, H. B. Mak, R. G. Van de Water, N. Starinsky, G. Doucas, P. Skensved, G. T. Ewan, K. K. Schaffer, G. A. Cox, K. Kazkaz, M. M. Fowler, F. Dalnoki-Veress, M. G. Bowler, C. K. Hargrove, K. Graham, S. M. Oser, P. T. Keener, S. S.E. Rosendahl, S. Majerus, John L. Orrell, Hal Evans, W. Frati, S. Luoma, B. T. Cleveland, W. B. Handler, D. L. Wark, K. T. Lesko, N. Tagg, E. D. Earle, N. Gagnon, Y.D. Chan, K. M. Heeger, A. Hime, Mark Guy Boulay, X. Dai, J. J. Simpson, R. L. Hahn, R. Hazama, Minfang Yeh, J. A. Dunmore, N. A. Jelley, K. Frame, A. L. Hallin, M. Howe, J. M. Wouters, Peter Wittich, A. B. McDonald, N. McCauley, A. D. Marino, R. Van Berg, H. Fergani, M. L. Chen, I. Lawson, A. J. Noble, Jochen Klein, V. L. Rusu, J. Maneira, A. W. P. Poon, F. A. Duncan, R. G. H. Robertson, M. R. Dragowsky, T. Spreitzer, T.J. Bowles, G. McGregor, Chris Waltham, L. C. Stonehill, R. L. Helmer, M. H. Schwendener, J. Law, C. J. Sims, J. Heise, C. A. Duba, N. West, and P. J. Doe
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Solar neutrino, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Massless particle, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a 1000 T D 2 O Cerenkov detector that is sensitive to 8 B solar neutrinos. The energy, radius, and direction with respect to the sun is measured for each neutrino event; these distributions are used to separately determine the rates of the charged current, neutral current and electron scattering reactions of neutrinos on deuterium. Assuming an undistorted 8 B spectrum, the ν e component of the 8 B solar flux is φ e = 1.76 +0.05 −0.05 (stat.) +0.09 −0.09 (syst.) × 10 6 cm −2 s −1 based on events with a measured kinetic enegy above 5 MeV. The non- ν e component is φ μτ = 3.41 +0.45 −0.45 (stat.) +0.48 −0.45 (syst.) × 10 6 cm −2 s −1 , 5.3 σ greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar ν e flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is φ NC = 5.09 +0.044 −0.43 (stat.) +0.46 −0.43 (syst.) × 10 6 cm −2 s −1 , consistent with solar models. The night minus day rate is 14.0% ± 6.3% +1.5 −1.4 % of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymmetry, the ν e asymmetry is found to be 7.0% ± 4.9% +1.3 −1.2 %. A global solar neutrino analysis is terms of matter-enhanced oscillations of two active flavors strongly favors the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) solution.
Published: 2016

21. Exploring the neutrinoless double beta decay in the inverted neutrino hierarchy with bolometric detectors

Author: Oliviero Cremonesi, Carlo Ligi, J. Goett, T. I. Banks, M. Balata, M. Carrettoni, S. Trentalange, J. W. Beeman, Nicholas Scielzo, Ettore Fiorini, S. Zucchelli, Davide Chiesa, Massimiliano Clemenza, Marisa Pedretti, N. Casali, Andrea Giachero, N. Chott, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, L. Wielgus, W. D. Tian, G. Piperno, Emanuele Ferri, Eugene E. Haller, L. Canonica, Xiangyu Cao, M. Pavan, Alan R. Smith, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, Stuart J. Freedman, N. Moggi, Jonathan Ouellet, G. Bari, B. S. Wang, M. L. Di Vacri, L. Carbone, L. Pattavina, L. Taffarello, C. Pira, L. Zanotti, A. Bersani, T. Wise, A. De Biasi, Silvia Capelli, F. Orio, L. Gironi, Elena Sala, Y. Mei, X. Liu, F. T. Avignone, Claudio Gotti, M. Maino, V. Rampazzo, Eric B. Norman, Lindley Winslow, Yu G. Kolomensky, Ezio Previtali, H. Z. Huang, R. Hennings-Yeomans, G. Ventura, O. Azzolini, S. Pirro, Larissa M. Ejzak, B. X. Zhu, C. Cosmelli, I. Dafinei, M. Biassoni, S. Di Domizio, C. Zarra, K. M. Heeger, A. Woodcraft, C. Nones, T. O'Donnell, B. K. Fujikawa, M. I. Martínez, M. Tenconi, K. Kazkaz, M. M. Deninno, V. Palmieri, S. Morganti, R. W. Kadel, Francesca Bellini, S. Nisi, James R. Wilson, R. J. Creswick, T. D. Gutierrez, F. Terranova, M. Vignati, Yong-Ping Li, C. Rusconi, M. Faverzani, H. A. Farach, G. Keppel, D. R. Artusa, T. Napolitano, V. Pettinacci, A. Giuliani, C. Maiano, G. Fernandes, Monica Sisti, Hongwei Wang, L. Cardani, Vladimir Datskov, A. Dally, Yu-Gang Ma, C. Bucci, Deqing Fang, X. Z. Cai, Marco Pallavicini, Claudia Tomei, G. Pessina, C. Rosenfeld, C. Brofferio, Alejandro E. Camacho, Samuele Sangiorgio, A. Nucciotti, D. Orlandi, M. A. Franceschi, Artusa, D, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Banks, T, Bari, G, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Bersani, A, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Cai, X, Camacho, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Carbone, L, Cardani, L, Carrettoni, M, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Dafinei, I, Dally, A, Datskov, V, De Biasi, A, Deninno, M, Di Domizio, S, Di Vacri, M, Ejzak, L, Fang, D, Farach, H, Faverzani, M, Fernandes, G, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fujikawa, B, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Goett, J, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, T, Haller, E, Han, K, Heeger, K, Hennings Yeomans, R, Huang, H, Kadel, R, Kazkaz, K, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Y, Li, Y, Ligi, C, Liu, X, Ma, Y, Maiano, C, Maino, M, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Nucciotti, A, O’Donnell, T, Orio, F, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pallavicini, M, Palmieri, V, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pedretti, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Piperno, G, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Previtali, E, Rampazzo, V, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sala, E, Sangiorgio, S, Scielzo, N, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Taffarello, L, Tenconi, M, Terranova, F, Tian, W, Tomei, C, Trentalange, S, Ventura, G, Vignati, M, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wielgus, L, Wilson, J, Winslow, L, Wise, T, Woodcraft, A, Zanotti, L, Zarra, C, Zhu, B, Zucchelli, S, D. R. Artusa, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, M. Balata, T. I. Bank, G. Bari, J. Beeman, F. Bellini, A. Bersani, M. Biassoni, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, X. Z. Cai, A. Camacho, L. Canonica, X. G. Cao, S. Capelli, L. Carbone, L. Cardani, M. Carrettoni, N. Casali, D. Chiesa, N. Chott, M. Clemenza, C. Cosmelli, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, I. Dafinei, A. Dally, V. Datskov, A. De Biasi, M. M. Deninno, S. Di Domizio, M. L. Di Vacri, L. Ejzak, D. Q. Fang, H. A. Farach, M. Faverzani, G. Fernande, E. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Fiorini, M. A. Franceschi, S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, J. Goett, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, T. D. Gutierrez, E. E. Haller, K. Han, K. M. Heeger, R. Hennings-Yeoman, H. Z. Huang, R. Kadel, K. Kazkaz, G. Keppel, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Y. L. Li, C. Ligi, X. Liu, Y. G. Ma, C. Maiano, M. Maino, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, Y. Mei, N. Moggi, S. Morganti, T. Napolitano, S. Nisi, C. None, E. B. Norman, A. Nucciotti, T. O’Donnell, F. Orio, D. Orlandi, J. L. Ouellet, M. Pallavicini, V. Palmieri, L. Pattavina, M. Pavan, M. Pedretti, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, G. Piperno, C. Pira, S. Pirro, E. Previtali, V. Rampazzo, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, E. Sala, S. Sangiorgio, N. D. Scielzo, M. Sisti, A. R. Smith, L. Taffarello, M. Tenconi, F. Terranova, W. D. Tian, C. Tomei, S. Trentalange, G. Ventura, M. Vignati, B. S. Wang, H. W. Wang, L. Wielgu, J. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, T. Wise, A. Woodcraft, L. Zanotti, C. Zarra, B. X. Zhu, and S. Zucchelli
Subjects: Particle physics, J.2, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Experimental Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics beyond the Standard Model, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), CUORE, law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Physics and Astronomy, Beta (velocity), neutrinole, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, bolometry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Beta decay, MAJORANA, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Neutrino
Abstract: Neutrinoless double beta decay (0nubb) is one of the most sensitive probes for physics beyond the Standard Model, providing unique information on the nature of neutrinos. In this paper we review the status and outlook for bolometric 0nubb decay searches. We summarize recent advances in background suppression demonstrated using bolometers with simultaneous readout of heat and light signals. We simulate several configurations of a future CUORE-like bolometer array which would utilize these improvements and present the sensitivity reach of a hypothetical next-generation bolometric 0nubb experiment. We demonstrate that a bolometric experiment with the isotope mass of about 1 ton is capable of reaching the sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass (|mee|) of order 10-20 meV, thus completely exploring the so-called inverted neutrino mass hierarchy region. We highlight the main challenges and identify priorities for an R&D program addressing them., 22 pages, 15 figures, submitted to EPJC
Published: 2014

22. FPGA-based Trigger System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: J. E. Cutter, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, C. H. Faham, C. Ghag, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, M. Pangilinan, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, S. Shaw, L. de Viveiros, M. Hanhardt, P. Phelps, W. H. To, P. A. Terman, D. M. Mei, A. Bernstein, P. Beltrame, T. J. R. Davison, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Currie, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, A. W. Bradley, S. A. Hertel, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, R. C. Webb, A. Dobi, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, Ethan Bernard, J. Yin, Sidney Cahn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, T. J. Whitis, J. Mock, B. N. Edwards, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. T. White, Matthew Szydagis, Michael S. Witherell, Chao Zhang, C. Nehrkorn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, W. Ji, R. A. Ott, F.L.H. Wolfs, A. Lindote, K.R. Gibson, L. Reichhart, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J.J. Chapman, J. E. Y. Dobson, Sarah Young, D. J. Taylor, Daniel McKinsey, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J.R. Verbus, S. Fiorucci, A.A. Chiller, E. M. Boulton, M. F. Marzioni, D.C. Malling, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, Henrique Araujo, M. Moongweluwan, C. R. Hall, R.G. Jacobsen, D. S. Akerib, T. J. Sumner, S. Stephenson, D. Q. Huang, A. St. J. Murphy, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Ihm, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Uvarov, K. O׳Sullivan, M. Horn, L. Tvrznikova, V. M. Gehman, R. L. Mannino, and P. Sorensen
Subjects: Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Latency (audio), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Data acquisition, Xenon, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Science & Technology, DSP, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, FPGA, Digital signal processing, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Science & Technology, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Baseline subtraction, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, DAQ, Trigger, Microsecond, chemistry, Physical Sciences, business
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance., 11 pages, 26 figures, added some key points to the abstract, and conclusions, no change in results, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2016

23. The LUX Experiment

Author: B. N. Edwards, A. St. J. Murphy, M.I. Lopes, Daniel McKinsey, T. Coffey, K. O'Sullivan, R. Knoche, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, Michael S. Witherell, M. Pangilinan, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, R.G. Jacobsen, N.A. Larsen, D. Byram, C. Lee, K. Pech, R. A. Ott, J.J. Chapman, A. Bernstein, M. Horn, A. Lindote, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, L. Reichhart, D. J. Taylor, N. Walsh, X. Bai, D.C. Malling, D. S. Akerib, J. Balajthy, D. Q. Huang, Henrique Araujo, F.L.H. Wolfs, V. M. Gehman, A.A. Chiller, C. Nehrkorn, A. J. Bailey, R. J. Gaitskell, M. Woods, C. Chan, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, E. K. Pease, K.R. Gibson, T. J. Sumner, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, P. Phelps, J.R. Verbus, A. Currie, C. H. Faham, D. M. Mei, Chao Zhang, C. Ghag, R. L. Mannino, B. P. Tennyson, M. Moongweluwan, P. Sorensen, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, P. D. Parker, J. T. White, C. E. Flores, A. W. Bradley, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Sidney Cahn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, Mani Tripathi, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, and S. Fiorucci
Subjects: Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, ZEPLIN-III, Direct detection, Dark matter, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Liquid xenon detectors
Abstract: We present the status and prospects of the LUX experiment, which employs approximately 300 kg of two-phase xenon to search for WIMP dark matter interactions. The LUX detector was commissioned at the surface laboratory of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, between December 2011 and February 2012 and the detector has been operating underground since January, 2013. These proceedings review the results of the commissioning run as well as the status of underground data-taking through the summer of 2013.
Published: 2015

24. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author: V. B. Francis, A. Bernstein, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, Eli Woods, B. N. Ratcliff, Ethan Bernard, R. W. Schnee, N.A. Larsen, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Elena Korolkova, M. Sarychev, James Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Luitz, Peter Majewski, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, D. White, B. N. Edwards, W. H. Lippincott, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, X. Ji, M. E. Monzani, B. Holbrook, K. O'Sullivan, Laura Manenti, J. Liu, P.R. Scovell, D.C. Malling, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W.L. Waldron, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, C. R. Hall, Mikkel B. Johnson, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Lin, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, K. J. Palladino, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. Kraus, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, R. Bunker, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, J. Thomson, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, T. J. Sumner, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, I. Stancu, S. Stephenson, M. Pangilinan, T. J. Whitis, R. Bramante, K. E. Boast, T.J. Martin, L. Tvrznikova, A. Lindote, Patrick Bauer, J. O'Dell, L. Wang, D. Woodward, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H.J. Krebs, M. Elnimr, D. R. Tiedt, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Hoff, S. Kyre, F. Neves, L. Reichhart, C. Fu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, C. Rhyne, W. J. Wisniewski, M.J. Barry, C. M. Ignarra, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Balashov, Michael Schubnell, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, B. P. Tennyson, M. F. Marzioni, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, S. D. Worm, V. M. Gehman, Y. Ju, A. J. Bailey, Daniel McKinsey, B. G. Lenardo, P. Beltrame, H. J. Rose, Minfang Yeh, Sergey Burdin, R.M. Gerhard, X. Liu, K. Skarpaas, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. St. J. Murphy, T.M. Stiegler, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, J. Yin, A. Tomás, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, S. Powell, M. Cascella, T. J. R. Davison, Chao Zhang, A.A. Chiller, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, R. M. Preece, N.J. Gantos, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Uvarov, S.K. Young, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, Ben Carlson, J. Va’vra, J. E. Cutter, A.V. Khromov, C. Carels, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, R.G. Jacobsen, A. Harris, Wenzhao Wei, D. J. Taylor, D.Yu. Akimov, Dongming Mei, Duncan Carlsmith, Witherell, E. Holtom, W. Ji, C. H. Faham, S. Alsum, F.-T. Liao, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, C. O. Vuosalo, Bhawna Gomber, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, W. T. Emmet, Sridhara Dasu, S. Fiorucci, J.P. da Cunha, P. A. Terman, X. Bai, D. Markley, J. Mock, A. V. Kumpan, M.R. Stark, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, E. H. Miller, S. Shaw, A. Piepke, K. Sundarnath, A. Konovalov, T. K. Edberg, K. Pushkin, P. Ford, J. H. Buckley, and J.R. Verbus
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Expected cost, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Technical systems, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Conceptual design, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given.
Published: 2015

25. The CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at Gran Sasso

Author: Jeremy S. Cushman, S. Copello, G. Piperno, H. Z. Huang, Davide Chiesa, K. E. Lim, A. Caminata, R. W. Kadel, L. Taffarello, Ettore Fiorini, S. Zucchelli, Andrea Giachero, B. X. Zhu, A. Woodcraft, Oliviero Cremonesi, Massimiliano Clemenza, Carlo Cosmelli, W. D. Tian, A. Bersani, G. Ventura, B. S. Wang, Ezio Previtali, Jonathan Ouellet, M. L. Di Vacri, G. Bari, S. Morganti, H. A. Farach, N. Moggi, Deqing Fang, S. Dell'Oro, X. Z. Cai, A. Giuliani, G. Fernandes, S. Di Domizio, C. Brofferio, Samuele Sangiorgio, Xiangyu Cao, T. D. Gutierrez, F. Terranova, X. Liu, Carlo Ligi, T. I. Banks, A. Nucciotti, C. Zarra, L. Pattavina, V. Rampazzo, Marco Pallavicini, M. I. Martínez, M. Tenconi, Yan Li, Yu G. Kolomensky, M. Balata, Francesca Bellini, A. Drobizhev, L. Cappelli, B. K. Fujikawa, G. Pessina, M. Biassoni, Elena Sala, Stefano Pozzi, S. Trentalange, T. Napolitano, D. Orlandi, Y. Mei, R. Hennings-Yeomans, C. Rosenfeld, Marisa Pedretti, Nicholas Scielzo, M. A. Franceschi, M. Vignati, K. M. Heeger, N. Casali, Guoqiang Zhang, M. Pavan, K. Kazkaz, Alejandro E. Camacho, Hongwei Wang, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, Stuart J. Freedman, C. Pira, L. Gironi, F. T. Avignone, Larissa M. Ejzak, Claudio Gotti, Vladimir Datskov, I. Dafinei, L. Cassina, Yu-Gang Ma, L. Canonica, Kevin Hickerson, N. Chott, C. Bucci, M. M. Deninno, L. Carbone, C. Pagliarone, T. Wise, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, F. Orio, S. Nisi, James R. Wilson, Alan R. Smith, G. Keppel, D. R. Artusa, Monica Sisti, J. W. Beeman, C. Rusconi, M. Faverzani, V. Pettinacci, A. Dally, L. Cardani, Stefano Pirro, Eric B. Norman, Lindley Winslow, Claudia Tomei, O. Azzolini, L. Wielgus, C. Nones, R. J. Creswick, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, Emanuele Ferri, Eugene E. Haller, L. Zanotti, M. Maino, T. O'Donnell, C. Maiano, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CSNSM PS1, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Giachero, A., Artusa, D.R., Avignone, F.T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Banks, T.I., Bari, G., Beeman, J., Bellini, F., Bersani, A., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Cai, X.Z., Camacho, A., Caminata, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X.G., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Carbone, L., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cassina, L., Chiesa, D., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cosmelli, C., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R.J., Cushman, J.S., Dafinei, I., Dally, A., Datskov, V., Dell'Oro, S., Deninno, M.M., Di Domizio, S., Di Vacri, M.L., Drobizhev, A., Ejzak, L., Fang, D.Q., Farach, H.A., Faverzani, M., Fernandes, G., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M.A., Freedman, S.J., Fujikawa, B.K., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T.D., Haller, E.E., Han, K., Heeger, K.M., Hennings-Yeomans, R., Hickerson, K.P., Huang, H.Z., Kadel, R., Kazkaz, K., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu.G., Li, Y.L., Ligi, C., Lim, K.E., Liu, X., Ma, Y.G., Maiano, C., Maino, M., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R.H., Mei, Y., Moggi, N., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E.B., Nucciotti, A., O'Donnell, T., Orio, F., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J.L., Pagliarone, C.E., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pedretti, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Piperno, G., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Rampazzo, V., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sala, E., Sangiorgio, S., Scielzo, N.D., Sisti, M., Smith, A.R., Taffarello, L., Tenconi, M., Terranova, F., Tian, W.D., Tomei, C., Trentalange, S., Ventura, G., Vignati, M., Wang, B.S., Wang, H.W., Wielgus, L., Wilson, J., Winslow, L.A., Wise, T., Woodcraft, A., Zanotti, L., Zarra, C., Zhang, G.Q., Zhu, B.X., Zucchelli, S., Bravina, L., Giachero, A, Artusa, D, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Banks, T, Bari, G, Beeman, J, Bellini, F, Bersani, A, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Cai, X, Camacho, A, Caminata, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Carbone, L, Cardani, L, Casali, N, Cassina, L, Chiesa, D, Chott, N, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cushman, J, Dafinei, I, Dally, A, Datskov, V, Dell'Oro, S, Deninno, M, Di Domizio, S, Di Vacri, M, Drobizhev, A, Ejzak, L, Fang, D, Farach, H, Faverzani, M, Fernandes, G, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fujikawa, B, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, T, Haller, E, Han, K, Heeger, K, Hennings Yeomans, R, Hickerson, K, Huang, H, Kadel, R, Kazkaz, K, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Y, Li, Y, Ligi, C, Lim, K, Liu, X, Ma, Y, Maiano, C, Maino, M, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Nucciotti, A, O'Donnell, T, Orio, F, Orlandi, D, Ouellet, J, Pagliarone, C, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pedretti, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Piperno, G, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Rampazzo, V, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sala, E, Sangiorgio, S, Scielzo, N, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Taffarello, L, Tenconi, M, Terranova, F, Tian, W, Tomei, C, Trentalange, S, Ventura, G, Vignati, M, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wielgus, L, Wilson, J, Winslow, L, Wise, T, Woodcraft, A, Zanotti, L, Zarra, C, Zhang, G, Zhu, B, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, Bolometer, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), VALIDATION, law.invention, Nuclear physics, CONTAMINATION, Physics and Astronomy (all), CUORE, activity report | double-beta decay: (0neutrino) | CUORE | bolometer | sensitivity | performance | tellurium: nuclide | experimental results, Observatory, law, Double beta decay, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], physics.ins-det, K OUTER CRYOSTAT, Bolometers, neutrinoless double beta decay
Abstract: The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}$Te and other rare processes. CUORE is a cryogenic detector composed of 988 TeO$_2$ bolometers for a total mass of about 741 kg. The detector is being constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, where it will start taking data in 2015. If the target background of 0.01 counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$y) will be reached, in five years of data taking CUORE will have an half life sensitivity around $1\times 10^{26}$ y at 90\% C.L. As a first step towards CUORE a smaller experiment CUORE-0, constructed to test and demonstrate the performances expected for CUORE, has been assembled and is running. The detector is a single tower of 52 CUORE-like bolometers that started taking data in spring 2013. The status and perspectives of CUORE will be discussed, and the first CUORE-0 data will be presented., Comment: Proceedings of a talk given at the International Conference of New Frontiers in Physics, ICNFP 2014; submitted at EPJ Web of Conferences
Published: 2015

26. The proposed Majorana 76Ge double-beta decay experiment

Author: John L. Orrell, Kai Vetter, Albert Young, R. Hazma, R. G. Van de Water, R. W. Creswick, Robert C. Runkle, S. R. Elliott, V. B. Brudanin, F. T. Avignone, Yu. Efremenko, Harry S. Miley, Craig E. Aalseth, K. Saburov, J. F. Wilkerson, T. V. Cianciolo, H. Ejiri, Reyco Henning, Todd W. Hossbach, Richard J. Arthur, A. O. Macchiavelli, G. S. King, H. A. Farach, S. I. Konovalov, T. Ball, W. Bugg, A. L. Hallin, V. Egerov, David V. Jordan, K. P. Rykaczewski, Richard T. Kouzes, Martina Descovich, Andrew Sonnenschein, I. Vanushin, Alan Poon, V. M. Gehman, Y. Sandukovsky, J. H. Reeves, J. M. Wouters, Masaharu Nomachi, J. M. Palms, Paul N. Luke, A. B. McDonald, M. Di Marco, A. Mokhtarani, J. Kephart, A. S. Barabash, J. I. Collar, F. E. Bertrand, P. J. Doe, Yuen-Dat Chan, G. B. Mills, Dongming Mei, P. Fallon, R. J. Gaitskell, R. G. H. Robertson, Ronald L. Brodzinski, C. Baktash, O.I. Kochetov, Arthur E Champagne, M. Luzum, R. A. Warner, Robert Grzywacz, Andrew Hime, G. Dunham, D. Anderson, K. T. Lesko, K. Kazkaz, Werner Tornow, C. E. Tull, D. C. Radford, Vladimir Yumatov, and A. Emanuel
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Beta decay, Copper, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Data acquisition, chemistry, Double beta decay, Granularity, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: The proposed Majorana experiment is based on an array of segmented intrinsic Ge detectors with a total mass of 500 kg of Ge isotopically enriched to 86% in 76 Ge. Background reduction will be accomplished by: material selection, detector segmentation, pulse shape analysis, electro-formation of copper parts, and granularity of detector spacing. The predicted experimental sensitivity for measurement of the neutrinoless double-beta decay mode of 76 Ge, over a data acquisition period of 5000 kg·y, is T 1 / 2 0 ν ∼ 4 × 10 27 y .
Published: 2005

27. The majorana neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment

Author: C. E. Aalseth, D. Anderson, R. Arthur, F. T. Avignone, C. Baktash, T. Ball, A. S. Barabash, R. L. Brodzinski, V. B. Brudanin, W. Bugg, A. E. Champagne, Y. -D. Chan, T. V. Cianciolo, J. I. Collar, R. W. Creswick, P. J. Doe, G. Dunham, S. Easterday, Yu. V. Efremenko, V. G. Egorov, H. Ejiri, S. R. Elliott, J. Ely, P. Fallon, H. A. Farach, R. J. Gaitskell, V. Gehman, R. Grzywacz, R. Hazma, H. Hime, T. Hossbach, D. Jordan, K. Kazkaz, J. Kephart, G. S. King, O. I. Kochetov, S. I. Konovalov, R. T. Kouzes, K. T. Lesko, A. O. Macchiavelli, H. S. Miley, G. B. Mills, M. Nomachi, J. M. Palms, W. K. Pitts, A. W. P. Poon, D. C. Radford, J. H. Reeves, R. G. H. Robertson, R. M. Rohm, K. Rykaczewski, K. Saborov, V. G. Sandukovsky, C. Shawley, V. N. Stekhanov, W. Tornow, R. G. van de Water, K. Vetter, R. A. Warner, J. Webb, J. F. Wilkerson, J. M. Wouters, A. R. Young, and V. I. Yumatov
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Running time, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), MAJORANA, Double beta decay, Pulse shape analysis, Granularity, Sensitivity (control systems), Electron neutrino
Abstract: The proposed Majorana double-beta decay experiment is based on an array of segmented intrinsic Ge detectors with a total mass of 500 kg of Ge isotopically enriched to 86% in 76Ge. A discussion is given of background reduction by: material selection, detector segmentation, pulse shape analysis, and electro-formation of copper parts and granularity. Predictions of the experimental sensitivity are given. For an experimental running time of 10 years over the construction and operation of Majorana, a half-life sensitivity of ~4x10^27 y (neutrinoless) is predicted. This corresponds to an effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino of ~0.03-0.04 eV, according to recent QRPA and RQRPA matrix element calculations., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2004

28. MEGA: a low-background radiation detector

Author: Todd W. Hossbach, Craig E. Aalseth, K. Kazkaz, V.M. Gehman, Harry S. Miley, and J. Kephart
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear engineering, Detector, Mega, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Neutrino detector, Radiation monitoring, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Neutrino, Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Background radiation
Abstract: The multiple-element gamma assay (MEGA) is a low-background detector designed to support environmental monitoring and national security applications. MEGA also demonstrates technology needed for Majorana, a next generation neutrino mass experiment. It will employ active and passive shielding to reduce backgrounds. It will also exploit multicoincidence signatures to identify specific radioactive isotopes. MEGA is expected to begin testing in late 2003 for eventual installation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, NM.
Published: 2004

29. The majorana 76Ge double-beta decay project

Author: Ryan Rohm, A. S. Barabash, O.I. Kochetov, R. A. Warner, P. J. Doe, Werner Tornow, R.K. Jain, W. K. Pitts, R. G. H. Robertson, R. C. Thompson, L. E. Smith, Ronald L. Brodzinski, R. J. Gaitskell, Albert Young, Craig E. Aalseth, V. N. Stekhanov, F. T. Avignone, H. A. Farach, V. B. Brudanin, Harry S. Miley, S. I. Konovalov, G. S. King, David V. Jordan, A. Champangne, Richard T. Kouzes, J.H. Reeves, T.W. Bowyer, J. M. Palms, S. Egorov, Steven Elliott, S. Sandukovsky, V. I. Umatov, J. F. Wilkerson, J. I. Collar, E. Adles, J. Webb, K. Kazkaz, and D. Anderson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sterile neutrino, Particle physics, Solar neutrino, Solar neutrino problem, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, Double beta decay, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract: The interest and relevance of next-generation 0 v ββ-decay experiments is increasing. Even with nonzero neutrino mass strongly suggested by solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments sensitive to δm 2 , 0 v ββ-decay experiments are still the only way to establish the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos by measuring the effective electron neutrino mass, 〈 m v 〉. In addition, the atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments imply that at least one neutrino has a mass greater than about 50 meV. The Majorana Experiment expects to probe an effective neutrino mass near this critical value. Majorana is a next-generation 76 Ge double-beta decay search. It will employ 500 kg of Ge, isotopically enriched to 86% in 76 Ge, in the form of ∼ 200 detectors in a close-packed array. Each crystal will be electronically segmented and each segment fitted with pulse-shape analysis electronics. This combination of segmentation and pulse-shape analysis significantly improves our ability to discriminate neutrinoless double beta-decay from internal cosmogenic 68 Ge and 60 Co . The half-life sensitivity is estimated to be 4.2 × 10 27 y corresponding to a 〈 m v 〉 range of ≤ 20 − 70 meV, depending on the nuclear matrix elements used to interpret the data.
Published: 2003

30. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: S. J. Haselschwardt, A. J. Bailey, T. J. Sumner, D. J. Taylor, P. Sorensen, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Pangilinan, J.J. Chapman, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Hanhardt, Daniel McKinsey, M. Woods, Chao Zhang, E. K. Pease, A. Bernstein, S. Fiorucci, C. Silva, N. Walsh, M. Horn, A. Dobi, P. Phelps, H. N. Nelson, K. Kazkaz, V. N. Solovov, C. Chiller, Ethan Bernard, A.A. Chiller, V. M. Gehman, A. W. Bradley, R. A. Ott, S. A. Hertel, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Moongweluwan, A. Lindote, N.A. Larsen, D. S. Akerib, L. Reichhart, K. Pech, K.R. Gibson, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. D. Parker, X. Bai, A. Currie, A. St. J. Murphy, K. O`Sullivan, Henrique Araujo, J. Mock, R. C. Webb, J. T. White, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, C. Chan, B. P. Tennyson, R. J. Gaitskell, C. R. Hall, M.I. Lopes, J. E. Y. Dobson, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, F. Neves, C. E. Flores, R. L. Mannino, R. Knoche, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, J. Balajthy, C. H. Faham, J.R. Verbus, R.G. Jacobsen, C. Ghag, L. de Viveiros, D. Q. Huang, B. N. Edwards, Michael S. Witherell, D. M. Mei, D. Byram, D.C. Malling, C. Nehrkorn, Sidney Cahn, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Recoil, Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, DETECTORS, Nuclear, Nuclear Science & Technology, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, Scattering, RUN, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370 kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.
Published: 2014

31. First demonstration of a sub-keV electron recoil energy threshold in a liquid argon ionization chamber

Author: S Sangiorgio, A Bernstein, J Colomean, M Foxe, C Hagmann, T Joshi, I Jovanovic, K Kazkaz, K Mavrokoridis, V Mozin, S Pereverzev, and P Sorensen
Published: 2013

32. An estimation of photon scattering length in tetraphenyl-butadiene

Author: A. Manalaysay, Michael Irving, Navneet Dhaliwal, C. Neher, K. Kazkaz, Benjamin Godfrey, Dustin Stolp, Olivia Dalager, Mani Tripathi, and S. Stephenson
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, business.industry, Tetraphenyl butadiene, Scattering length, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Ballistic photon, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: Tetraphenyl-butadiene (TPB) is a wavelength shifting material that can absorb ultraviolet photons and emit blue photons. It is used in the detection of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons, for which typical photo-sensors, such as most photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), do not have any quantum efficiency. The secondary blue light is emitted isotropically, however, due to scattering within the material, its angular distribution upon exiting the material can not be easily predicted. Here we describe a procedure for estimating the scattering length of blue light in TPB, by measuring and modeling the angular distribution as a function of layer thickness. The experiment consists of shining 254nm light at various thicknesses of TPB deposited on fused silica, and measuring the intensity of blue light using SiPMs on either side of the sample. We simulate light propagation within the sample to estimate the light yield and compare that to the data, which allows us to estimate mean scattering length for photons in TPB to be in the range 2–3 μm, with some preference for a central value of 2.75 μm.
Published: 2016

33. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author: Mani Tripathi, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Pangilinan, T. A. Shutt, P.D. Parker, V. N. Solovov, Robert Svoboda, K. Clark, Murdock Gilchriese, David Leonard, Daniel McKinsey, K. Kazkaz, E. Druszkiewicz, C.H. Faham, D. Byram, D. White, J. Thomson, T.M. Stiegler, A. W. Bradley, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Lindote, A. Rodionov, C. Chiller, Alexander Bolozdynya, M. Hanhardt, S. Fiorucci, D. Stolp, Z. Marquez, B. Holbrook, R. G. Jacobsen, E. Dahl, A. Bernstein, A. Dobi, J.R. Verbus, D. Carr, M. Moongweluwan, P. Sorensen, D. S. Akerib, M. Morii, J.J. Chapman, C. R. Hall, K.R. Gibson, F.L.H. Wolfs, N. Walsh, C. Sofka, D.C. Malling, Ethan Bernard, J. Spaans, R. C. Webb, A. Curioni, M. Sweany, L. de Viveiros, Dongming Mei, L. Kastens, Matthew Szydagis, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, J. Kwong, D. J. Taylor, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, W. Skulski, S. Dazeley, Sidney Cahn, R. L. Mannino, A. A. Chiller, R. L. Lander, James Nikkel, T. Coffey, B. N. Edwards, T. Classen, C. Camp, S. Bedikian, K. Pech, S. Kyre, J. T. White, F. Neves, P. Roberts, M. Woods, Alexander Shei, H. N. Nelson, Chao Zhang, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. J. Whitis, A. Lyashenko, P. Phelps, M. Wlasenko, X. Bai, J. Mock, E. M. Dragowsky, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, and C. Lee
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Time projection chamber, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Liquid xenon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $, Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2012

34. Development of a lithium-glass based composite neutron detector for He replacement

Author: H J Karwowski, K Kazkaz, and G C Rich
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, chemistry, Nuclear engineering, Composite number, chemistry.chemical_element, Neutron detection, Lithium
Published: 2012

35. MaGe-a Geant4-Based Monte Carlo Application Framework for Low-Background Germanium Experiments

Author: Michael G. Marino, Jing Liu, Sean MacMullin, Markus Knapp, Yuen-Dat Chan, J. A. Detwiler, C. Tomei, Reyco Henning, X. Liu, V. M. Gehman, Luciano Pandola, David V. Jordan, R. A. Johnson, K. Kazkaz, Alexis G. Schubert, Jens Schubert, P. Finnerty, K. Kröninger, D. Lenz, Akbar Mokhtarani, Oleksandr Volynets, Melissa Boswell, and Lance Leviner
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Class (computer programming), Event (computing), Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, computer.file_format, computer.software_genre, Computational science, Software framework, MAJORANA, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Executable, Dynamical simulation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Macro, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, computer
Abstract: We describe a physics simulation software framework, MAGE, that is based on the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. MAGE is used to simulate the response of ultra-low radioactive background radiation detectors to ionizing radiation, specifically the MAJORANA and GERDA neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments. MAJORANA and GERDA use high-purity germanium detectors to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge, and MAGE is jointly developed between these two collaborations. The MAGE framework contains the geometry models of common objects, prototypes, test stands, and the actual experiments. It also implements customized event generators, GEANT4 physics lists, and output formats. All of these features are available as class libraries that are typically compiled into a single executable. The user selects the particular experimental setup implementation at run-time via macros. The combination of all these common classes into one framework reduces duplication of efforts, eases comparison between simulated data and experiment, and simplifies the addition of new detectors to be simulated. This paper focuses on the software framework, custom event generators, and physics lists., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Status of the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author: S. Fiorucci, D. S. Akerib, S. Bedikian, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, A. Bradley, D. Carr, J. Chapman, K. Clark, T. Classen, A. Curioni, E. Dahl, S. Dazeley, L. de Viveiros, E. Druszkiewicz, R. Gaitskell, C. Hall, C. Hernandez Faham, B. Holbrook, L. Kastens, K. Kazkaz, R. Lander, K. Lesko, D. Malling, R. Mannino, D. McKinsey, D. Mei, J. Mock, J. Nikkel, P. Phelps, U. Schroeder, T. Shutt, W. Skulski, P. Sorensen, J. Spaans, T. Stiegler, R. Svoboda, M. Sweany, J. Thomson, J. Toke, M. Tripathi, N. Walsh, R. Webb, J. White, F. Wolfs, M. Woods, C. Zhang, George Alverson, Pran Nath, and Brent Nelson
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), LUX, Field (physics), Solar neutrino, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Design elements and principles, Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Ranging, Supernova, Xenon, chemistry, astro-ph.CO, Dark Matter, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter search experiment is currently being deployed at the Homestake Laboratory in South Dakota. We will highlight the main elements of design which make the experiment a very strong competitor in the field of direct detection, as well as an easily scalable concept. We will also present its potential reach for supersymmetric dark matter detection, within various timeframes ranging from 1 year to 5 years or more., 4 pages, in proceedings of the SUSY09 conference
Published: 2010

37. Production of high purity TeO2 single crystals for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay

Author: Ezio Previtali, Y. u. G. Kolomensky, Claudia Nones, A. Bryant, Stefano Nisi, A. Nucciotti, J. Larsen, C. Bucci, Ioan Dafinei, Massimiliano Clemenza, Alan R. Smith, L. Gironi, S. Pirro, S. Di Domizio, A. Giuliani, M. Carrettoni, M. Pavan, Ettore Fiorini, Simone Capelli, Andrea Giachero, W. Tian, L. Pattavina, Reina H. Maruyama, C. Arnaboldi, C. Rusconi, M. Vignati, M. I. Martínez, Ying-Jie Zhu, Huaixiang Wang, E. Guardincerri, C. Brofferio, F. Orio, R. Kadel, Monica Sisti, Y. Li, Eric B. Norman, Matthias Laubenstein, L. Canonica, G. Pessina, P. Gorla, Nicholas Scielzo, F. Ferroni, K. Kazkaz, Z. Ge, L. Kogler, C. Maiano, Arnaboldi, C, Brofferio, C, Bryant, A, Bucci, C, Canonica, L, Capelli, S, Carrettoni, M, Clemenza, M, Dafinei, I, Di Domizio, S, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Ge, Z, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Guardincerri, E, Kadel, K, Kazkaz, K, Kogler, L, Kolomensky, Y, Larsen, J, Laubenstein, M, Li, Y, Maiano, C, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Nucciotti, A, Orio, F, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Previtali, E, Rusconi, C, Scielzo, N, Sisti, M, Smith, A, Tian, W, Vignati, M, Wang, H, and Zhu, Y
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Consumables, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal growth, b3. cryogenic bolometers, Raw material, nucl-ex, tellurium dioxide, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, B3. Cryogenic bolometer, chemistry.chemical_compound, CUORE, B2. Acusto-optic material, bridgman technique, law, Double beta decay, Materials Chemistry, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), physics.ins-det, Nuclear Experiment, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, b1. tellurites, Chemistry, b2. acusto-optic materials, a2. bridgman technique, acusto-optic materials, b1. tellurium dioxide, cryogenic bolometers, tellurites, Bolometer, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), B1. Tellurite, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, B1. Tellurium dioxide, A2. Bridgman technique, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, Crystallography, Tellurium dioxide, Tellurium, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: High purity TeO2 crystals are produced to be used for the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te. Dedicated production lines for raw material synthesis, crystal growth and surface processing were built compliant with radio-purity constraints specific to rare event physics experiments. High sensitivity measurements of radio-isotope concentrations in raw materials, reactants, consumables, ancillaries and intermediary products used for TeO2 crystals production are reported. Production and certification protocols are presented and resulting ready-to-use TeO2 crystals are described., 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2010

38. Neutron inelastic scattering processes as a background for double-β decay experiments

Author: K. Kazkaz, S. R. Elliott, V.M. Gehman, Dongming Mei, and Andrew Hime
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Inelastic neutron scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Double beta decay, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Production (computer science), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We investigate several Pb$(n,n'\gamma$) and Ge$(n,n'\gamma$) reactions. We measure $\gamma$-ray production from Pb$(n,n'\gamma$) reactions that can be a significant background for double-beta decay experiments which use lead as a massive inner shield. Particularly worrisome for Ge-based double-beta decay experiments are the 2041-keV and 3062-keV $\gamma$ rays produced via Pb$(n,n'\gamma$). The former is very close to the ^{76}Ge double-beta decay endpoint energy and the latter has a double escape peak energy near the endpoint. Excitation $\gamma$-ray lines from Ge$(n,n'\gamma$) reactions are also observed. We consider the contribution of such backgrounds and their impact on the sensitivity of next-generation searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay using enriched germanium detectors., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2008

39. Cuore experiment: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay

Author: Massimiliano Clemenza, Oliviero Cremonesi, Carlo Cosmelli, A. Giachero, M. Balata, L. Zanotti, S. J. Freedman, E. Tatananni, N. Xu, C. Rosenfeld, C. Brofferio, F. Alessandria, M. I. Martínez, P. Ottonello, V. Palmieri, Eric B. Norman, R. Faccini, K. Kazkaz, K. M. Heeger, Silvio Morganti, P. Gorla, E. Andreotti, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, S. Trentalange, F. Ferroni, Eugene E. Haller, M. Carrettoni, N. D. Scielzo, Samuele Sangiorgio, Stefano Nisi, C. Gargiulo, H. Z. Huang, A. Nucciotti, Larissa M. Ejzak, M. Pedretti, Reina H. Maruyama, L. Carbone, A. Bryant, Marco Barucci, L. Kogler, Cristián Martínez, L. Gironi, G. Keppel, F. T. Avignone, R. Kadel, I. Dafinei, Monica Sisti, M. P. Decowski, L. Mizouni, A. R. Smith, G. Maiern, Claudia Tomei, E. Longo, S. Pirro, L. Foggetta, Lara Risegari, M. J. Dolinski, S. Di Domizio, Marco Pallavicini, C. Whitten, J. Beeman, C. Zarra, Yu. G. Kolomensky, E. Guardincerri, M. Olcese, G. Pessina, M. Vignati, C. Nones, P. Menegatti, G. Ventura, H. A. Farach, A. Giuliani, S. Kraft, R. J. Creswick, Raffaele Ardito, D. Schaeffer, Ezio Previtali, F. Bellini, Simone Capelli, V. Rampazzo, Ettore Fiorini, C. Arnaboldi, C. Salvioni, I. C. Bandac, M. Pavan, Pedretti, M, Barucci, M, Risegari, L, Ventura, G, Di Domizio, S, Ottonello, P, Pallavicini, M, Balata, M, Bucci, C, Giachero, A, Gorla, P, Nisi, S, Tatananni, E, Tomei, C, Zarra, C, Andreotti, E, Foggetta, L, Giuliani, A, Salvioni, C, Keppel, G, Menegatti, P, Palmieri, V, Rampazzo, V, Alessandria, F, Arnaboldi, C, Brofferio, C, Capelli, S, Carbone, L, Carrettoni, M, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Fiorini, E, Gironi, L, Kraft, S, Nones, C, Nucciotti, A, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pirro, S, Previtali, E, Schaeffer, D, Sisti, M, Zanotti, L, Ardito, R, Maiern, G, Bellini, F, Cosmelli, C, Dafinei, I, Faccini, R, Ferroni, F, Gargiulo, C, Longo, E, Morganti, S, Olcese, M, Vignati, M, Martinez, M, Beeman, J, Bryant, A, Decowski, M, Freedman, S, Guardincerri, E, Haller, E, Kadel, R, Kogler, L, Kolomensky, Y, Smith, A, Xu, N, Dolinski, M, Kazkaz, K, Norman, E, Scielzo, N, Huang, H, Trentalange, S, Whitten, C, Gutierrez, T, Avignone, F, Bandac, I, Creswick, R, Farach, H, Martinez, C, Mizouni, L, Rosenfeld, C, Ejzak, L, Heeger, K, Maruyama, R, and Sangiorgio, S
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Bolometer, double beta decay, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, neutrino, MAJORANA, CUORE, law, Observatory, Double beta decay, Neutrino, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract: The main purpose of the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) experiment is the search for the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νDBD) of 130 Te reaching a sensitivity on Majorana mass better than 50 meV. Cuoricino represents not only the first stage of CUORE, but also the most massive 0νDBD experiment presently running. Present results and future planning of these experiments will be described in the paper.
Published: 2008

40. Determination of theνeand totalB8solar neutrino fluxes using the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I data set

Author: M. Huang, R. U. Haq, C. B. Krauss, N. S. Oblath, Malcolm M. Fowler, J. Wendland, F. A. Duncan, J. A. Dunmore, H. Fergani, N.W. Tanner, K. Kazkaz, W. B. Handler, R. J. Ford, G. Jonkmans, A. P. Ferraris, J. X. Wang, S. J. M. Peeters, B. Aharmim, M. W.E. Smith, A. S. Hamer, Y. I. Tserkovnyak, J. F. Wilkerson, K. McFarlane, T. J. Walker, R. MacLellan, G. McGregor, G. Prior, M. Bercovitch, J. A. Formaggio, Reda Tafirout, Darren Grant, Benjamin Monreal, C. Jillings, C. A. Duba, B. Jamieson, N. West, Q. R. Ahmad, N. Tagg, E. D. Earle, B. L. Wall, F. Dalnoki-Veress, V. L. Rusu, G. Milton, W. F. Davidson, W. J. Heintzelman, J. Boger, H. W. Lee, P. T. Trent, R. G. Stokstad, C. J. Virtue, R. L. Hahn, H. Mes, Salvador Gil, J. A. Secrest, J. C. Barton, I. T. Lawson, H. S. Ng, T. Tsui, R. J. Boardman, L. C. Stonehill, P. Jagam, J. G. Hykaway, G. A. Cox, J. D. Anglin, Minfang Yeh, K. T. Lesko, M. C.P. Isaac, M. DiMarco, L. L. Kormos, Steven Elliott, F. M. Newcomer, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, Keith Rielage, T. J. Bowles, Monica Dunford, J. Maneira, A. Krüger, R. G. Van de Water, Peter Wittich, J. T.M. Goon, A. W. P. Poon, T. V. Bullard, B. C. Robertson, M. Moorhead, J. Cameron, J. C. Loach, N. A. Jelley, M. Thorman, H. M. O'Keeffe, G. Doucas, Yuen-Dat Chan, R. W. Ollerhead, M. Kos, X. Chen, J. Lyon, J. B. Wilhelmy, K. Graham, S. M. Oser, E. D. Hallman, T. Kutter, R. Meijer Drees, A. Schülke, A. L. Hallin, C. Mifflin, H. Wan Chan Tseung, G. T. Ewan, J. H.M. Cowan, R. K. Taplin, E. W. Beier, John L. Orrell, R. S. Storey, S. D. Biller, H. Labranche, Bernie G. Nickel, M.G. Boulay, D. L. Wark, J. Bigu, B. Morrissette, S. J. Brice, C. Kraus, I. Levine, A. Goldschmidt, P. J. Harvey, N. Tolich, S. S.E. Rosendahl, J. R. Leslie, B. A. Moffat, P. M. Thornewell, A. D. Marino, J. M. Wouters, Hal Evans, M. Lay, Reyco Henning, Y. Takeuchi, C. K. Hargrove, K. K.S. Miknaitis, M. R. Dragowsky, E. Guillian, T. C. Andersen, P. T. Keener, H. B. Mak, A. B. McDonald, H. Seifert, Christopher C. M. Kyba, N. Gagnon, J. J. Simpson, Klaus Kirch, E. Saettler, C. E. Okada, J. D. Hepburn, E. D. Frank, Herbert H. Chen, N. Starinsky, P. J. Doe, M. H. Schwendener, E. Bonvin, David A. Sinclair, S. McGee, J. Heise, F. Fleurot, S. Luoma, R. J. Komar, R. C. Allen, H. Heron, A. Roberge, P. Skensved, H. Deng, D. S. McDonald, D. F. Cowen, J. Law, V. M. Novikov, C. J. Sims, J. V. Germani, I. Blevis, M. Omori, J. Hewett, Andrew Hime, Kai Zuber, C. D. Tunnell, X. Dai, R. Lange, Mark Neubauer, M. G. Bowler, M. C. Browne, R. L. Helmer, M. Shatkay, C. Howard, C. W. Nally, J. Farine, Alan R. Smith, A. J. Noble, T.H. Burritt, G. Bühler, R. A. Black, J. K. Rowley, Joshua R. Klein, R. A. Ott, W. Locke, B. T. Cleveland, W. Frati, J. R. Wilson, A. B. Knox, Bhaskar Sur, Richard T. Kouzes, M. Bergevin, N. McCauley, C. A. Currat, R. Van Berg, K. Frame, E. B. Norman, K. M. Heeger, A. Wright, R. D. Martin, R. G. H. Robertson, T. D. Steiger, Chris Waltham, M. L. Chen, A. A. Hamian, Ryuta Hazama, M. L. Miller, S. Majerus, and M. A. Howe
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Particle physics, Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Solar neutrino, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Charged current, media_common
Abstract: This article provides the complete description of resultsfrom the Phase I data set of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). ThePhase I data set is based on a 0.65 kt-year exposure of heavy water tothe solar 8B neutrino flux. Included here are details of the SNO physicsand detector model, evaluations of systematic uncertainties, andestimates of backgrounds. Also discussed are SNO's approach tostatistical extraction of the signals from the three neutrino reactions(charged current, neutral current, and elastic scattering) and theresults of a search for a day-night asymmetry in the ?e flux. Under theassumption that the 8B spectrum is undistorted, the measurements fromthis phase yield a solar ?e flux of ?(?e) =1.76+0.05?0.05(stat.)+0.09?0.09 (syst.) x 106 cm?2 s?1, and a non-?ecomponent ?(? mu) = 3.41+0.45?0.45(stat.)+0.48?0.45 (syst.) x 106 cm?2s?1. The sum of these components provides a total flux in excellentagreement with the predictions of Standard Solar Models. The day-nightasymmetry in the ?e flux is found to be Ae = 7.0 +- 4.9 (stat.)+1.3?1.2percent (sys.), when the asymmetry in the total flux is constrained to bezero.
Published: 2007

41. Depth-Sensitivity Relation (DSR) for Underground Laboratories

Author: K. Kazkaz, V.M. Gehman, S. R. Elliott, Dongming Mei, and Andrew Hime
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Inelastic scattering, Neutron temperature, Nuclear physics, WIMP, chemistry, Double beta decay, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Muon‐induced background can limit the sensitivity of next generation experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay and WIMP dark matter. We have established the DSR based upon the muon and muon‐induced fast neutron fluxes and spectra for a number of underground laboratories. Our results indicate that the muon‐induced neutron elastic and inelastic scattering processes create a significant background for germanium‐based dark matter and double beta decay experiments, unless such experiments are staged deep underground. We use the measured neutron elastic and inelastic scattering processes with a segmented CLOVER (germanium) detector on the surface to test our model predictions.
Published: 2006

42. MaGe: A Monte Carlo framework for the Gerda and Majorana double beta decay experiments

Author: Luciano Pandola, M. Bauer, D. C. Radford, A. A. Klimenko, M. Di Marco, Akbar Mokhtarani, Michelle Perry, V. M. Gehman, Yuen-Dat Chan, R. A. Johnson, Alan Poon, K. Kroeninger, J. A. Detwiler, D. Franco, S. Belogurov, K. Hudek, Reyco Henning, M. Descovich, K. T. Lesko, X. Liu, B. Fujikawa, Michael G. Marino, C. Tomei, Markus Knapp, C. Tull, K. Kazkaz, and David V. Jordan
Subjects: Physics, History, MAJORANA, Particle physics, Double beta decay, Monte Carlo method, Neutrino, Calculation methods, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: The Gerda [1] and Majorana [2] projects, both searching for the neutrinoless double beta-decay of 76Ge, are developing a joint Monte-Carlo simulation framework called MaGe. Such an approach has many benefits: the workload for the development of general tools is shared between more experts, the code is tested in more detail, and more experimental data is made available for validation.
Published: 2006
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43. Pulse shape analysis in segmented detectors as a technique for background reduction in Ge double-beta decay experiments

Author: K. Kazkaz, S. R. Elliott, V.M. Gehman, Albert Young, and Dongming Mei
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Multiplicity (mathematics), equipment and supplies, Reduction (complexity), Nuclear physics, Optics, Double beta decay, Pulse shape analysis, Segmentation, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), business, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The need to understand and reject backgrounds in Ge-diode detector double-beta decay experiments has given rise to the development of pulse shape analysis in such detectors to discern single-site energy deposits from multiple-site deposits. Here, we extend this analysis to segmented Ge detectors to study the effectiveness of combining segmentation with pulse shape analysis to identify the multiplicity of the energy deposits., 12 pages, 13 figures, will be submitted to NIM
Published: 2005

44. The Majorana Zero-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay Experiment White Paper

Author: Ted W. Bowyer, Craig E. Aalseth, D. Anderson, S. I. Konovalov, John K. Webb, Anderson Young, V. B. Brudanin, A. S. Barabash, Werner Tornow, V. I. Umatov, Hamish Robertson, J. I. Collar, J. F. Wilkerson, F. T. Avignone, Richard T. Kouzes, John M. Palms, R. A. Warner, P. J. Doe, Leon E. Smith, Ronald L. Brodzinski, David B. Jordan, R. J. Gaitskell, Steven Elliott, Harry S. Miley, R. C. Thompson, K. Kazkaz, V. N. Stekhanov, and S. Egorov
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, MAJORANA, Particle physics, Oscillation, Double beta decay, Neutrino, Zero (linguistics)
Abstract: The goal of the Majorana Experiment is to determine the effective Majorana masss of the eletron neutrino. Detection of the neutrino mass implied by oscillation results in within our grasp. This exciting physics goal is best pursued using double-beta decay of germanium because of the historical and emerging advances in eliminating competing signals from radioactive backgrounds. The Majorana Experiment will consist of a large mass of 76Ge in the form of high-resolution detectors deep underground, searching for a sharp peak at the BB endpoint. We present here an overview of the entire project in order to help put in perspective the scope, the level and technial risk, and the readiness of the Collaboration to begin the undertaking.
Published: 2002

45. Direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation from neutral-current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author: D. S. McDonald, E. D. Earle, J. A. Dunmore, R. U. Haq, Christopher C. M. Kyba, M. C.P. Isaac, V. M. Novikov, T. J. Bowles, G. Jonkmans, E. Saettler, H. Fergani, J. R. Wilson, G. Doucas, E. D. Hallman, M. H. Schwendener, E. Bonvin, R. Hazama, Herbert H. Chen, A. B. Knox, N. McCauley, P. J. Doe, J. Law, P. Jagam, N. W. Tanner, C. J. Sims, J. V. Germani, A. Roberge, H. Heron, A. L. Hallin, R. Van Berg, C. Mifflin, J. B. Wilhelmy, P. T. Trent, H. W. Lee, Joseph A. Formaggio, M. R. Dragowsky, M. M. Fowler, S. D. Biller, J. Hewett, T. V. Bullard, Andrew Hime, T. D. Steiger, R. K. Taplin, M. C. Browne, Minfang Yeh, M. L. Chen, R. L. Hahn, Salvador Gil, K. Kazkaz, A. A. Hamian, J. Farine, G. T. Ewan, K. K. Schaffer, N. A. Jelley, N. West, E. W. Beier, Hal Evans, S. S.E. Rosendahl, E. T.H. Clifford, F.M. Newcomer, M. Lay, R. A. Black, F. A. Duncan, J. D. Anglin, P. J. Harvey, Yuen-Dat Chan, S. J. Brice, K. Graham, D. F. Cowen, C. E. Okada, J. D. Hepburn, R. G. H. Robertson, T. C. Andersen, Steven Elliott, J. J. Simpson, Peter Wittich, David A. Sinclair, E.D. Frank, A. S. Hamer, S. M. Oser, R. G. Stokstad, L. C. Stonehill, J. Maneira, R. G. Van de Water, I. Levine, N. Starinsky, P. M. Thornewell, T. J. Radcliffe, K. Frame, S. Majerus, J. H.M. Cowan, T. Spreitzer, D. L. Wark, J. Cameron, W. J. Heintzelman, Chris Waltham, C. J. Virtue, M. O'Neill, M. Moorhead, R. J. Komar, R. C. Allen, K. T. Lesko, M.G. Boulay, Joshua R. Klein, K. McFarlane, N. Gagnon, K. M. Heeger, I. T. Lawson, W. Frati, John L. Orrell, J. M. Wouters, Bhaskar Sur, B. C. Robertson, F. Dalnoki-Veress, H. B. Mak, Richard T. Kouzes, Q. R. Ahmad, A. P. Ferraris, R. J. Boardman, A. D. Marino, Anett Schulke, J. Bigu, M. Bercovitch, J. X. Wang, P. T. Keener, T. Kutter, R. Meijer Drees, G. A. Cox, V. L. Rusu, A. B. McDonald, R. S. Storey, G. McGregor, M. A. Howe, R. W. Ollerhead, A. J. Noble, H. Seifert, J. Manor, Y. I. Tserkovnyak, J. Lyon, Eric B. Norman, J. Heise, C. K. Hargrove, S. Luoma, M. Thorman, N. Tagg, J. F. Wilkerson, Reda Tafirout, Darren Grant, B. A. Moffat, J. G. Hykawy, W. F. Davidson, J. C. Barton, R. L. Helmer, I. Blevis, M. Omori, Monica Dunford, A. W. P. Poon, R. J. Ford, Xin Chen, P. Skensved, G. Milton, X. Dai, H. S. Ng, Mark Neubauer, M. G. Bowler, W. Locke, J. R. Leslie, J. Boger, B. T. Cleveland, W. B. Handler, M. Shatkay, M. W.E. Smith, Alan R. Smith, C. W. Nally, G. Bühler, C. Jillings, J. K. Rowley, C. A. Duba, G. G. Miller, Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes ( DCCI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Delon, Viviane
Subjects: Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract: Observations of neutral current neutrino interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current, elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the electron-neutrino component of the 8B solar flux is 1.76 +/-0.05(stat.)+/-0.09(syst.) x10^6/(cm^2 s), for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-electron neutrino component is 3.41+/-0.45(stat.)+0.48,-0.45(syst.) x10^6/(cm^2 s), 5.3 standard deviations greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar electron neutrino flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is 5.09 +0.44,-0.43(stat.)+0.46,-0.43(syst.)x10^6/(cm^2 s), consistent with solar models., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, correction to author list and minor typographical corrections to references
Published: 2002

46. Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in SNO

Author: T. V. Bullard, M. H. Schwendener, B. C. Robertson, E. W. Beier, H. Fergani, G. Doucas, J. M. Wouters, H. W. Lee, J. Law, H. S. Ng, D. L. Wark, P. J. Doe, A. R. Smith, K. McFarlane, J. B. Wilhelmy, T. Kutter, Guthrie Miller, J.D. Anglin, A. S. Hamer, Q. R. Ahmad, C. J. Sims, J. V. Germani, M. Moorhead, R. Meijer Drees, J. Cameron, A. B. McDonald, H. Heron, F. Dalnoki-Veress, Min Chen, A. D. Marino, Christopher C. M. Kyba, John Heise, R. U. Haq, N. McCauley, K. Kazkaz, T. J. Radcliffe, R. G. H. Robertson, M. R. Dragowsky, E. Saettler, R. J. Boardman, T. Spreitzer, G. A. Cox, Andrew Hime, W. B. Handler, J.L. Hewett, Herbert H. Chen, Jochen Klein, Ilan Levine, C. J. Virtue, M. W.E. Smith, I. Lawson, N. Tagg, Anett Schulke, S. J. Brice, J. Bigu, Chris Waltham, A. J. Noble, Y. I. Tserkovnyak, R. L. Hahn, Salvador Gil, G. McGregor, J. G. Hykawy, Yuen-Dat Chan, A. P. Ferraris, J. X. Wang, E. D. Earle, A. L. Hallin, C. Mifflin, B. T. Cleveland, X. Chen, N.W. Tanner, K. Graham, L. C. Stonehill, S. M. Oser, J. Farine, Minfang Yeh, G. Jonkmans, N. West, V. L. Rusu, P. Skensved, M. Lay, R. K. Taplin, F. A. Duncan, J. H.M. Cowan, M. G. Boulay, W. J. Heintzelman, J. C. Barton, N. A. Jelley, M. Thorman, R. A. Black, M. O'Neill, J. J. Simpson, P. T. Keener, R. J. Ford, D. F. Cowen, Monica Dunford, J. Maneira, F. M. Newcomer, A. W. P. Poon, G. Bühler, J. A. Dunmore, A. Knox, P. T. Trent, R. W. Ollerhead, Peter Wittich, J. Lyon, M. C.P. Isaac, R. G. Stokstad, N. Gagnon, K. Frame, J. K. Rowley, B. A. Moffat, K. M. Heeger, I. Blevis, R. S. Storey, John L. Orrell, M. Omori, Joseph A. Formaggio, E. Bonvin, E. D. Hallman, R. Van Berg, W. Locke, A. Roberge, E. T.H. Clifford, J. Boger, T. J. Bowles, C. E. Okada, J. D. Hepburn, S. R. Elliott, David A. Sinclair, G. T. Ewan, T. D. Steiger, K. K. Schaffer, James R. Wilson, T. C. Andersen, A. A. Hamian, E.D. Frank, C. K. Hargrove, D. S. McDonald, X. Dai, V. M. Novikov, R. J. Komar, R. C. Allen, W. Frati, Bhaskar Sur, Mark Neubauer, Richard T. Kouzes, S. S.E. Rosendahl, Hal Evans, M. G. Bowler, M. C. Browne, Ryuta Hazama, R. L. Helmer, M. Bercovitch, S. Majerus, M. Shatkay, C. W. Nally, C. Jillings, C. A. Duba, H. B. Mak, W.F. Davidson, S. D. Biller, J. F. Wilkerson, Reda Tafirout, P. J. Harvey, Darren Grant, P. M. Thornewell, G. Milton, M. A. Howe, J. Manor, Malcolm M. Fowler, Eric B. Norman, H. Seifert, J. R. Leslie, P. Jagam, R. G. Van de Water, N. Starinsky, S. Luoma, and K. T. Lesko
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Neutral current, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Neutrino oscillation, Charged current
Abstract: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a 1,000 tonne heavy water Cerenkov‐based neutrino detector situated 2,000 meters underground in INCO’s Creighton Mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. For the neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun SNO observes the Charged Current neutrino reaction sensitive only to electron neutrinos and others (Neutral Current and Elastic Scattering) sensitive to all active neutrino types and thereby can search for direct evidence of neutrino flavor change. Using these reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the ve component of the 8B solar flux is φe = 1.76−0.05+0.05(stat.)−0.09+0.09 (syst.) × 106 cm−2s−1 for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non‐ve component is φμτ = 3.41−0.45+0.45(stat.)−0.45+0.48 (syst.) × 106 cm−2s−1, 5.3σ greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar ve flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is φNC = 5.09−0.43+0.44(stat.)−0.43+0.46 (syst.) × 106 cm−2s−1, consistent with solar models. For charged current events, ...
Published: 2002

47. Measurement of day and night neutrino energy spectra at SNO and constraints on neutrino mixing parameters

Author: J. C. Barton, R. L. Helmer, Monica Dunford, A. W. P. Poon, M. Bercovitch, M. Lay, H. Fergani, J. J. Simpson, P. J. Doe, C. J. Virtue, J. A. Dunmore, R. W. Ollerhead, H. Heron, R. U. Haq, J. Lyon, E. D. Earle, B. A. Moffat, I. Levine, T. J. Radcliffe, G. T. Ewan, W. Locke, J. R. Leslie, B. C. Robertson, A. P. Ferraris, J. X. Wang, V. L. Rusu, K. K. Schaffer, S. D. Biller, A. S. Hamer, B. T. Cleveland, T. Kutter, R. Meijer Drees, N. Tagg, F. A. Duncan, R. J. Ford, P. J. Harvey, N. McCauley, M. C.P. Isaac, M. H. Schwendener, N. Gagnon, Xin Chen, E. Bonvin, R. Hazama, E. D. Hallman, A. J. Noble, R. Van Berg, H. S. Ng, P. M. Thornewell, T. D. Steiger, W. J. Heintzelman, M. L. Chen, A. Roberge, K. McFarlane, P. T. Trent, A. A. Hamian, D. F. Cowen, J. Law, C. J. Sims, Joshua R. Klein, J. V. Germani, D. L. Wark, R. G. Van de Water, N. Starinsky, K. T. Lesko, W. Frati, Q. R. Ahmad, Bhaskar Sur, F. Dalnoki-Veress, T. V. Bullard, P. T. Keener, H. B. Mak, A. D. Marino, I. T. Lawson, Richard T. Kouzes, Anett Schulke, J. Bigu, R. J. Boardman, G. A. Cox, E. W. Beier, M. G. Bowler, J. Heise, C. K. Hargrove, G. McGregor, S. Luoma, J. Boger, Y. I. Tserkovnyak, R. G. Stokstad, N.W. Tanner, D. S. McDonald, A. B. McDonald, M. Shatkay, L. C. Stonehill, J. K. Rowley, M. O'Neill, S. S.E. Rosendahl, G. G. Miller, H. W. Lee, V. M. Novikov, C. W. Nally, Christopher C. M. Kyba, Alan R. Smith, M. Moorhead, G. Jonkmans, E. Saettler, S. Majerus, J. Cameron, H. Seifert, Herbert H. Chen, G. Bühler, J. M. Wouters, E. T.H. Clifford, P. Jagam, C. E. Okada, J. D. Hepburn, M. A. Howe, David A. Sinclair, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Graham, J. Hewett, S. M. Oser, A. L. Hallin, Andrew Hime, J. Manor, C. Mifflin, J. H.M. Cowan, J. Maneira, I. Blevis, R. L. Hahn, Salvador Gil, G. Doucas, M. Omori, M.G. Boulay, C. Jillings, J. F. Wilkerson, Eric B. Norman, J. R. Wilson, K. Frame, Reda Tafirout, Darren Grant, A. B. Knox, C. A. Duba, K. M. Heeger, Hal Evans, John L. Orrell, W. F. Davidson, J. Farine, R. A. Black, W. B. Handler, Joseph A. Formaggio, Minfang Yeh, N. A. Jelley, N. West, M. Thorman, M. W.E. Smith, M. M. Fowler, M. C. Browne, Steven Elliott, T. C. Andersen, E.D. Frank, R. S. Storey, J. G. Hykawy, R. J. Komar, R. C. Allen, P. Skensved, R. K. Taplin, T. J. Bowles, X. Dai, Mark Neubauer, Chris Waltham, G. Milton, R. G. H. Robertson, T. Spreitzer, F.M. Newcomer, J. D. Anglin, S. J. Brice, Peter Wittich, J. B. Wilhelmy, M. R. Dragowsky, K. Kazkaz, Delon, Viviane, Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes ( DCCI ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Charged current, Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Neutrino
Abstract: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has measured day and night solar neutrino energy spectra and rates. For charged current events, assuming an undistorted $^8$B spectrum, the night minus day rate is $14.0% \pm 6.3% ^{+1.5}_{-1.4}%$ of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymmetry, the $\nu_e$ asymmetry is found to be $7.0% \pm 4.9% ^{+1.3}_{-1.2}%$. A global solar neutrino analysis in terms of matter-enhanced oscillations of two active flavors strongly favors the Large Mixing Angle (LMA) solution., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; very minor revisions, accepted by Physical Review Letters
Published: 2002

48. NEST: a comprehensive model for scintillation yield in liquid xenon

Author: M. Woods, M. Sweany, D. Stolp, Nichole Barry, Mani Tripathi, K. Kazkaz, S. Uvarov, N. Walsh, Matthew Szydagis, and J. Mock
Subjects: Physics, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Heuristic (computer science), Nuclear engineering, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Electron, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Recoil, Xenon, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Free parameter
Abstract: A comprehensive model for explaining scintillation yield in liquid xenon is introduced. We unify various definitions of work function which abound in the literature and incorporate all available data on electron recoil scintillation yield. This results in a better understanding of electron recoil, and facilitates an improved description of nuclear recoil. An incident gamma energy range of O(1 keV) to O(1 MeV) and electric fields between 0 and O(10 kV/cm) are incorporated into this heuristic model. We show results from a Geant4 implementation, but because the model has a few free parameters, implementation in any simulation package should be simple. We use a quasi-empirical approach, with an objective of improving detector calibrations and performance verification. The model will aid in the design and optimization of future detectors. This model is also easy to extend to other noble elements. In this paper we lay the foundation for an exhaustive simulation code which we call NEST (Noble Element Simulation Technique)., 24 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2011

49. Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: L. Tvrznikova, S. Shaw, W. Ji, J. E. Cutter, A. Currie, V. Velan, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, M. G. D. Gilchriese, D. Byram, A. J. Bailey, T. P. Biesiadzinski, P. Brás, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, M. Horn, Matthew Szydagis, Daniel McKinsey, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Mock, S. Fiorucci, E. M. Boulton, R. L. Mannino, Chao Zhang, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. A. Shutt, Sarah Young, C. H. Faham, D. R. Tiedt, Blair Edwards, Henrique Araujo, C. M. Ignarra, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, B. G. Lenardo, K. Kamdin, T. J. Whitis, C. Ghag, P. Beltrame, C. R. Hall, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, J.R. Verbus, T. J. Sumner, Sidney Cahn, D. P. Hogan, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, M. Solmaz, C. Nehrkorn, Dongming Mei, Ching Hua Lee, D. J. Taylor, T. J. R. Davison, M. F. Marzioni, D. Q. Huang, F. Neves, J. T. White, Mani Tripathi, D. S. Akerib, R. C. Webb, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, S. Uvarov, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Hanhardt, V.M. Gehman, A. Manalaysay, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, Ethan Bernard, Michael S. Witherell, K. J. Palladino, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, C. Chan, A. Fan, K. O'Sullivan, F.L.H. Wolfs, W. C. Taylor, P. Sorensen, J. Balajthy, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, and R. G. Jacobsen
Subjects: SIMULATION TOOLKIT, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Bioengineering, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Particle and Plasma Physics, Optics, Xenon, Affordable and Clean Energy, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, SCATTERING, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Event reconstruction, NOBLE-GASES, Physics, Quantum Physics, Scintillation, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Scattering, 2-PHASE XENON, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, LIQUID XENON, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, MODEL, chemistry, Physical Sciences, IONIZATION, ELECTRON-EMISSION, SCINTILLATION, business, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: The LUX experiment has performed searches for dark matter particles scattering elastically on xenon nuclei, leading to stringent upper limits on the nuclear scattering cross sections for dark matter. Here, for results derived from ${1.4}\times 10^{4}\;\mathrm{kg\,days}$ of target exposure in 2013, details of the calibration, event-reconstruction, modeling, and statistical tests that underlie the results are presented. Detector performance is characterized, including measured efficiencies, stability of response, position resolution, and discrimination between electron- and nuclear-recoil populations. Models are developed for the drift field, optical properties, background populations, the electron- and nuclear-recoil responses, and the absolute rate of low-energy background events. Innovations in the analysis include in situ measurement of the photomultipliers' response to xenon scintillation photons, verification of fiducial mass with a low-energy internal calibration source, and new empirical models for low-energy signal yield based on large-sample, in situ calibrations.
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50. Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure

Author: M. Hanhardt, K.R. Gibson, A. Bernstein, E. M. Boulton, A. Manalaysay, W. H. To, T. J. Sumner, Ethan Bernard, M. G. D. Gilchriese, R. Bramante, R.G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, Matthew Szydagis, Sidney Cahn, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, Henrique Araujo, J.R. Verbus, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, J. Mock, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Q. Huang, S. Stephenson, D. J. Taylor, C. Chan, L. Tvrznikova, C. R. Hall, B. G. Lenardo, Sarah Young, M. F. Marzioni, D. R. Tiedt, D. Byram, C. M. Ignarra, M.I. Lopes, M. Ihm, S. Shaw, R. Knoche, S. Uvarov, P. Phelps, R. L. Mannino, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. T. White, K. O’Sullivan, M. Horn, M. S. Witherell, V. M. Gehman, Daniel McKinsey, N.A. Larsen, S. Alsum, B. N. Edwards, T. P. Biesiadzinski, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. Brás, M. Moongweluwan, K. J. Palladino, W. Ji, P. A. Terman, S. A. Hertel, K. Kazkaz, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chiller, K. Yazdani, S. Fiorucci, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, Mani Tripathi, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, J. Balajthy, D. M. Mei, P. Sorensen, T. J. R. Davison, R. C. Webb, C. H. Faham, C. Ghag, M. Solmaz, J. E. Cutter, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, A. J. Bailey, C. Rhyne, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, A.A. Chiller, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, R. J. Gaitskell, D. P. Hogan, F. Neves, Chao Zhang, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: General Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Massive particle, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 01 Mathematical Sciences, Physics, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, hep-ex, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, CHAMBERS, PandaX, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We report constraints on spin-independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon scattering using a 3.35e4 kg-day exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. A dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with 250 kg of active mass is operated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility under Lead, South Dakota (USA). With roughly fourfold improvement in sensitivity for high WIMP masses relative to our previous results, this search yields no evidence of WIMP nuclear recoils. At a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2, WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross sections above 2.2e-46 cm^2 are excluded at the 90% confidence level. When combined with the previously reported LUX exposure, this exclusion strengthens to 1.1e-46 cm^2 at 50 GeV/c^2., Comment: This version includes a combined analysis with previously published LUX results, and matches the version published in PRL
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