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スノースポーツ実習（SS 実習）の心理的側面および社会的スキルに及ぼす効果を転地およびプログラム参加に分けて検討すること、効果の持続性を検討することを目的とした。SS 実習に参加した学生５１名を対象とした。心理的側面および社会的スキルの指標には日本版 POMS 短縮版、日本版 STAI JYZ、および KiSS １８ を用いた。転地により活気が増加した。プログラム参加により緊張 不安、抑うつ 落込み、混乱、および特性不安は減少し、活気および疲労は増加した。プログラム参加により減少した、緊張 不安、抑うつ 落込み、混乱、状態不安、および特性不安は実習後に、実習前および転地直後と同水準まで再び増加した。一方、活気は実習後に減少が認められず、その値は実習前よりも高値を示した。SS 実習における転地による効果はわずかであったのに対し、プログラム参加による効果が大きかった。一方、活気を除く全ての効果に持続性は認められなかった。, The purpose of this study was to clarify educational effects of snow sports（SS）camp in detail by dividing the effects into（１） a fact of translocation, and（２） a fact of participation in three days skiing or snowboarding programs. Further, we have verified the durability of these educational effects. Fifty one students（２０.０±０.８yrs）who had joined in SS camp which were held in ２０１４ participated in this study. Profile of Mood States（POMS）, State Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI）, were investigated as mental aspects, and Kikuchi’s Scale of Social Skills: １８ items（Kiss １８）was investigated as social skill. “Vigor” increased significantly while the other mental aspect scores and social skill score did not change by translocation from Sasebo （Nagasaki） to Rusutsu（Hokkaido）. By participation in three days skiing or snowboarding programs, “Tension Anxiety”, “Depression Dejection”,“ Confusion”,“ State Anxiety”, and“ Trait Anxiety” decreased significantly. In addition,“ Vigor” and“ Fatigue” increased significantly by the participation. However, except “Vigor” and“ Fatigue”, the educational effects dissipated after SS camp. In conclusion, educational effects that were detected by joining in SS camp were due to participation in the programs but not the translocation. Further, these educational effects except “Vigor” did not last after SS camp.

Background Particle radiotherapy has increasingly gained acceptance for locally advanced pancreatic cancers owing to superior tumor conformity and dosimetry compared to conventional photon radiotherapy. However, the close proximity of the pancreas to the stomach and duodenum leads to radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicities, which hinder the delivery of curative doses to the tumor. To overcome this problem, a surgical spacer was placed between the tumor and gastrointestinal tract, and subsequent proton radiotherapy was performed in this study. Methods Data from 9 patients who underwent surgical spacer placement and subsequent proton radiotherapy were analyzed. The safety and feasibility of the spacer placement surgery were evaluated; the impact of the spacer on dosimetry was also assessed using dose volume histogram (DVH) analyses, before and after surgical spacer placement. Results Surgical spacer placement and subsequent proton radiotherapy were successfully completed in all cases. Surgical spacer placement significantly improved the dose intensity covering 95%, mean, and minimum doses for the gross tumor volume, and the clinical and planning target volume based on the DVH, while respecting the dose constraints of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, two patients (22.2%) developed gastrointestinal ulcer (Grade 2) at 1 and 35 months, and one patient (11.1%) developed gastric perforation (Grade 4) at 4 months after proton radiotherapy. Conclusions Surgical spacer placement in the locally advanced pancreatic body and tail cancers is relatively safe and technically feasible. Comparing radiation plans, surgical spacer placement seems to improve the dose distribution in the locally advanced pancreatic body and tail cancers, which are close to the gastrointestinal tract.

Empathy, which consists of cognitive and affective empathy, is one of the vital skills in humans for creating and maintaining relationships with others, now, there are many empathy-deficient people, possibly deriving from an increase in harassment-related issues. Although there is a possibility that physical activity improves empathy, the association of physical activity with cognitive and affective empathy in healthy humans remains unclear. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the relationship between levels of physical activity and self-reported empathy. Eight hundred and ninety-three responses for two questionnaires, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SV-IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), were analyzed. Levels of physical activity in a usual week were measured based on the SV-IPAQ, and participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high physical activity. The scores for cognitive and affective empathy were measured based on QCAE. We found that people with a moderate or high physical activity level show significantly higher self-reported cognitive empathy compared to people with a low physical activity level. The score for self-reported affective empathy wasn’t affected by physical activity level. Physical activity level in a usual week showed a significant positive correlation with self-reported cognitive empathy scores, but not with self-reported affective empathy scores. Our findings imply that an increase in physical activity contributes to better cognitive empathy in healthy young adults.

Decreases of direct face-to-face contact during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic would impair human empathy, an essential skill for maintaining relationships with others. Although physical activity amount relates to empathy, it remains unclear the effects of physical activity on empathy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four hundred and twenty-six college students' usual amounts of physical activity and sitting time were measured through monitoring from October to December 2020 with the questionnaire, and subjects were divided into active and inactive groups. Before and after monitoring, cognitive and affective empathy in subjects was evaluated with the questionnaire. Both cognitive and affective empathy scores were unchanged during monitoring in subjects. However, affective empathy's change rate in the inactive group was higher than that in the active group. Furthermore, affective empathy's change rate was negatively correlated with sitting time in inactive group subjects, implying that staying at home with a few amounts of physical activity would contribute to treating empathy in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

本研究では、2019年6月および10月に実施された「長崎県保健体育授業研究会2019」の事例をもとに、教員養成および教員研修の可能性について検討した。本研究会は、保健体育科教員養成課程に属する教員、学生、現職教員の当該領域に関わる知識、実践能力の向上を図るために実施した。2019年度は、①前後期に2回実施すること、②1年生を対象に加えること、③新学習指導要領を踏まえることを課題として設け、2回の授業研究会を実施した。形成的授業評価票の得点を分析した結果、6月に実施されたバレーボールの授業に対して空手道の授業、10月に実施されたバスケットボールの授業に比べフットサルの授業の評価が高かった。6月および10月に行われた5つの各授業の授業場面の割合に対してカイ二乗検定を行った結果、学習指導場面、認知学習場面、運動学習場面において有意差が見られた。学習指導要領の移行期という背景を踏まえ、長崎県保健体育科授業研究会の課題および今後の展望を考察する。

本稿は、長崎国際大学にて2018年度に実施した2つのアダプテッド・スポーツ教育活動の報告とともに、その教育効果の検討することを目的とする。アダプテッド・スポーツ教育活動として、①講義の一部にアダプテッド・スポーツを体験する機会を組み込む、②障がい者との交流機会を設ける取り組みを実施した。その結果、アダプテッド・スポーツという言葉や概念を知り、競技を自ら体験して楽しむという第一義の目的を達成することができたと考えている。また、障がい者との交流機会として実施したアンプティサッカー選手を招いてのイベントでは、イベントの前後で実施した障がい者スポーツのイメージ等に関するアンケート調査結果から、参加学生の障がい者スポーツに対するイメージが肯定的なものへと変容したことがわかった。また、参加学生のイベントに対する感想文から、スポーツの価値や現在のスポーツ教育あるいはスポーツ活動の在り方を問い直す貴重な機会となったことがわかった。

Background Plexiform schwannoma is one of the least common variants of schwannoma, accounting for only 5% of all schwannoma cases. It generally occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and is uncommon in deep soft tissue or viscera. We present an extremely rare case of plexiform schwannoma arising from the peripancreatic plexus. Case presentation A 29-year-old man presented with hyperglycemia detected during a medical checkup. He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes based on the clinical findings and laboratory tests. During the diagnostic process for diabetes, a 2.5 cm mass was incidentally detected in the pancreas by abdominal ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a mass that was gradually enhanced at the body and tail of the pancreas. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed low signal intensity of the mass on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed no abnormal findings in the main pancreatic duct. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed a lobulated, low-echoic mass with a clear boundary. EUS-guided fine needle biopsy was performed, and spindle-shaped cells that were diffusely immunopositive for S-100 and negative for c-kit and desmin were detected, resulting in a diagnosis of a neurogenic tumor arising from the pancreas or the peripancreatic nerve plexus. The patient underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. Although the tumor was connected to the splenic plexus, the splenic artery could be divided along its adventitial plane. Macroscopic findings of the excised tumor consisted of multiple yellowish-white nodules, and its histopathological features were consistent with plexiform schwannoma. There was no pancreatic tissue on the dorsal surface of the tumor, which suggested that the tumor arose from the peripancreatic nerve plexus. Conclusions The findings documented herein can aid in the differential diagnosis of peripancreatic schwannoma and in planning appropriate treatment.

本研究では、教員養成課程の学生による水泳模擬授業について、授業場面の構成、形成的授業評価、観察者の授業評価をもとに検討することを目的とした。その結果、以下の事が明らかになった。教職課程大学生による水泳模擬授業では、1．授業場面分析の結果から、異なる授業者で、運動学習場面において有意差がみられ、二つの授業場面に差があることが示された（χ2＝7.14，df＝1, p＜.01）。 2．形成的授業評価の結果から、異なる授業者で、「総合評価」（p＜.05）の項目で、有意な差異がみとめられた。 3．観察者による授業評価の結果から、異なる授業者で、「子どもの学習行動：意欲」（p＜.05）、「マネジメント：場面展開」（p＜.01）、「マネジメント：時間」（p＜.01）、「マネジメント：規律」（p＜.01）、「総合評価」（p＜.01）の項目で、有意な差異が認められた．また、「教師の肯定的フィードバック」（p＜.05）においては、他の項目と反対の有意な差がみとめられた。水泳授業における教員養成課程学生の授業観察においては、教師のマネジメント行動に着目していたことが推察された。

本研究では、2018年5月に実施された「保健体育授業研究会2018」の事例をもとに地域における教員養成および教員研修の可能性について検討した。また、髙橋らによって作成された「形成的授業評価」を体育授業成果を知る手がかりとして適用した。本研究会は、保健体育教職課程に属する教員、学生、現職教員の当該領域に関わる知識、実践能力の向上を図るために実施した。研究会では、二大学の教員5名、学生34名、現職教員4名が参加し、3コマの模擬授業と反省会を行った。その結果は、次のようにまとめられる。大学生を生徒役とした保健体育模擬授業では、異なる授業者、教材の授業間で、形成的授業評価の結果に有意な差異が認められた。形成的授業評価の模擬授業の評価としては、おおむね高い評価があり、また反省会においては活発な議論のもとで参加者の知識、実践能力の向上に一定の成果をみることができた。

本研究の目的は、子ども達へのスポーツ環境の提供およびスポーツを学ぶ大学生へのアクティブラーニングの場の提供を目的として長崎国際大学で実施された地域スポーツ教室の指導者意識が、参加者である児童生徒および保護者の満足度に与える影響を明らかにすることである。地域スポーツ教室に参加した児童生徒に対して形成的授業評価票および地域スポーツ教室の満足度、地域スポーツ教室の指導にあたった学生に対して体育授業観察チェックリストへの回答を地域スポーツ教室実施後に求めた。児童生徒の形成的授業評価と大学生の体育授業観察チェックリストの下位項目の相関係数を算出した結果、「心を込めて児童に関わること」と「成果」（r＝－.47, p＜.05）および「意欲・関心」（r＝.45, p＜.05）、「子ども同士が積極的に教え合うよう工夫すること」と「協力」（r＝.56, p＜.001）の間に有意な相関が見られ、学生が児童生徒に心を込めて関わることは児童生徒の楽しさにつながる一方で、児童生徒の学習成果を得る時間を妨げてしまう可能性が示唆され、指導にあたった大学生の関わり方や指導方法の工夫が重要であることが明らかとなった。

本研究では、教員養成課程の学生を対象とした保健体育の模擬授業を通して実施したリフレクションシートの量的な分析から、模擬授業受講生の「省察」について検討することを目的とした。省察の分析にあたっては、木山が分類した上位カテゴリー、下位カテゴリーを用いて行った（木山，2016）。その結果は、次のようにまとめられる。大学生を生徒役とした保健体育模擬授業では、1．全授業を通しては、「マネジメント」（13.81％）、「雰囲気づくり」（13.20％）、「説明」（6.83％）、「声・話し方」（5.31％）の項目で有意な差異が認められた（x2＝296.82, df＝9, p＜.001）。2．マット運動（x2＝3.50, df＝1, p＜.10）、フォークダンス（x2＝9.20, df＝1, p＜.01）の各授業では、「教師の活動」、「授業の内容」の割合で、統計的な有意傾向がみられた。また、4種目の「教師の活動」、「授業の内容」の割合では、マット運動の「授業の内容」（p＜.05）およびフォークダンスの「教師の活動」（p＜.01）が有意に高い値を示した。3．授業毎の下位カテゴリー項目の割合を比較したところ、「声・話し方」（x2＝14.71, df＝3, p＜.01）、「説明」（x2＝7.00, df＝3, p＜.10）、「雰囲気づくり」（x2＝22.75, df＝3, p＜.001）、「マネジメント」（x2＝12.74, df＝3, p＜.01）、「運動量」（x2＝22.75, df＝3, p＜.001）、「時間配分」（x2＝34.21, df＝3, p＜.001）、「展開」（x2＝7.57, df＝3, p＜.10）、「めあての対応」（x2＝7.00, df＝3, p＜.10）で有意差がみられた。4．全授業の記述を生徒役の所属別にみたところ、「教師の活動」、「授業の内容」の上位カテゴリーで有意差がみられた（x2＝8.30, df＝1, p＜.01）。下位カテゴリーでは、「示範」（x2＝14.22, df＝1, p＜.001）、「フィードバック」（x2＝13.76, df＝1, p＜.001）、「めあての対応」（x2＝5.79, df＝1, p＜.05）において、所属による有意差がみられた。, This study aims to identify the student's `reflection´ through the quantitative analysis of a reflection sheet in a case study of a physical education trial teaching class conducted by students in an initial teacher-training course. This case study was conducted in a physical education trial teaching class. The class is the initial teacher-training course for all student participants hoping to become physical education teachers. The instrument used to classify the descriptions was created by Kiyama(Kiyama, 2016). The main findings of the study were as follows: 1. As the classification of student's descriptions for all trial teaching classes, there were significant differences in the items of `create environment´ (13.20%), `management´ (13.81%), `explanation´ (6.83%), and `voice/speaking´ (5.31%)(x2=296.82, df=9, p

Background The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, stratified from the ALBI score, may have prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We aim to evaluate the prognostic abilities of the ALBI score/grade among living-donor liver transplantation patients. Methods We retrospectively collected data of 81 patients who underwent living-donor liver transplant at Kobe University Hospital between June 2000 and October 2018. The efficacy of the ALBI score/grade as a prognostic factor was assessed and compared with that of the well-established Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Main findings Multivariate analysis indicated that recipient age (P = .003), donor age (P = .003), ALBI score ≥ -1.28 (P = .002), and ALBI grade III (P = .004) were independently associated with post-transplant survival. A high MELD score was not associated with post-transplant survival in univariate or multivariate analyses. Although there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate relative to recipient and donor age, ALBI score/grade was significantly associated with the 1- and 5-year survival rates (P = .023, P = .005). ALBI scores specifically detected fatal complications of post-transplant graft dysfunction (P = .031) and infection (P = .020). Conclusion ALBI score/grade predicted patient survival more precisely than the MELD score did, suggesting that it is a more useful prognostic factor compared to the MELD score in living-donor liver transplantation cases.

The patient was a 63-year-old man with hepatitis C. He discontinued combination therapy containing interferon and ribavirin because of the development of skin symptoms. A screening examination showed multiple early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas. He refused treatment and was followed up as an outpatient. During follow-up, his PIVKA-Ⅱ level remarkably elevated to 59,994mAU/mL. Computed tomography(CT)showed an enlarged tumor with portal invasion(vp2)in segment 8 and intrahepaticmetastasis. We performed right and partial hepatectomy. Three months later, CT showed multiple lung metastases. We initiated the daily administration of 800 mg of sorafenib. However, 6 months after hepatectomy, the lung metastases increased in size and number. We considered the therapeutic effect as progressive disease(PD)according to the RECIST criteria. We then initiated administering 120 mg of regorafenib daily as second-line therapy. In a course of the treatment containing sorafenib and regorafenib, the dose was reduced due to hand-foot skin reactions. 8.5 months after hepatectomy, the lung metastases significantly decreased in size. One year after hepatectomy, almost complete response(CR) was obtained, and no intrahepatic recurrence was found.

本研究では､ｽﾎﾟｰﾂﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱ経験が活動に従事したﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱｽﾀｯﾌの気分状態に与える影響および活動後の満足感におよぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的とした｡長崎国際大学にて開催されたｽﾎﾟｰﾂｲﾍﾞﾝﾄにｽﾎﾟｰﾂﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱとして従事した体育会系部活動所属学生38名を対象とし､ﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱ参加動機尺度､二次元気分尺度､ﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱ活動から得た利益尺度､ﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱ活動満足度尺度への回答を求めた｡ｽﾎﾟｰﾂﾎﾞﾗﾝﾃｨｱ活動前後の二次元気分尺度得点を比較した結果､活動前後に｢活性度｣および｢快適度｣(p, The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on the moods of volunteer activity participants and what factors effected their satisfaction. We investigated 38 students who belong to sports clubs in universities who volunteered for a sports event at Nagasaki International University using the Scale of volunteer's Motivations, Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, Functionally Relevant Benefits Scale and Volunteer's Satisfaction Scale. When the measured scores before and after sports event participation were compared, the “vitality level” (p

運動部に所属している女子大学生(運動部員)と一般女子大学生(非運動部員)との体力の相違について把握すること､運動部員の競技歴と体力ﾃｽﾄ結果との関係について検討を行い､特定された一つのｽﾎﾟｰﾂ種目の長い年月の実施による運動能力の特徴を把握することが目的である｡1)身体特性では､運動部員が非運動部員より身長(p, The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of the physical fitness of female university students who belong to athletic clubs and those who do not as well as to consider the influence on improved athletic performance from joining an athletic club from an early age. 1) Physical characteristic values (Height, Weight, and BMI) of the female students who belong to athletic clubs were significantly higher. 2) Physical fitness test values (grip strength, standing long jump, side step, sitting trunk flexion, 20m shuttle run, and sit-ups) of the female students belonging to athletic clubs were significantly higher. 3) Concerning the relationship between the athletic career and performance, values of the grip strength and sitting trunk flexion suggest no correlation with athletic career. On the other hand, values of the standing long jump, side step, 20m shuttle run, sit-ups indicate a significant correlation. As a result, physical fitness and athletic performance of the female students who belong to athletic clubs measured higher than those who do not. In addition, these results suggest that early athletic club activity positively impacts performance of standing long jump, side step, 20m shuttle run, and sit-ups.

ｽﾎﾟｰﾂ選手の競技力向上に関して､食事管理が重要であることは認識されつつあるが､選手自身による食事管理は難しく栄養素等の過不足を起こしていることが多い｡選手自身による食事管理能力の修得と､実践的栄養教育に必要な内容の明確化を目的として､大学ﾊﾞﾚｰﾎﾞｰﾙ･空手道選手に栄養教育を伴う調理実習を行い､知識､技術､意識に関するｱﾝｹｰﾄ調査を行った｡結果は､5段階評価の｢そう思う､ややそう思う､どちらともいえない､あまりそう思わない､そう思わない｣を､順に｢5､4､3､2､1点｣として評価した｡その結果､評価平均値は空手群における知識面に関する1つの項目を除き､4を超えており高い評価が得られ､ｽﾎﾟｰﾂ選手自身による食事管理への寄与が示唆された｡, Dietary management is important for athletes in order to improve their performance. However, such management is difficult for them, and they often take nutrients in inappropriate amounts. We herein provided athletes with nutrition education involving cooking practice, with the aim of developing their skills for dietary management, and clarifying the contents needed for practical nutrition education. University volleyball players and karate practitioners received nutrition education, and were administered a questionnaire inquiring about their knowledge, skills, and awareness in order to determine the effects of the education. The question items were scored on a 5-point grading scale: the answers “I agree”, “I slightly agree”, “no applicable answer”, “I slightly disagree”, and “I disagree” equaled 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point, respectively. For all question items, except for 1 knowledge-related item, karate practitioners showed an average of >4 points, suggesting the beneficial effects of nutrition education for athletes' dietary management.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the nutrient intake and body composition of elite Japanese karate practitioners. Methods: Four world champion karate practitioners volunteered as follows: a male kata (forms: pre-established sequences of defensive and offensive techniques and movements) (case 1), a male sparring (case 2), a female kata (case 3), and a female sparring (case 4). Percentage of body fat, fat mass and lean body mass were evaluated using a bioelectric impedance analyzer. Nutrient intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Results: In both male and female athletes, a lower percentage of body fat and higher body height, heavier weight, and lean body mass were found in the sparring practitioners than the kata athletes. None of the athletes took supplements. Each athlete’ diet was modified to increase or maintain Lean body mass. Because all athletes did not reach the recommended dietary allowances for certain vitamins and minerals, we recommended increasing intake levels of vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products in order to increase micronutrient intakes. Conclusion: The world karate champions representing Japan have a very low percentage of body fat, especially sparring athletes. The athletes became aware of the importance of a well-balanced diet.

Most published data on the physical and physiological profiles of karate athletes is based on studies of male athletes and data on female athletes is rare. The purposes of this study were: 1) to collect baseline data on nutrient intake in order to advise athletes regarding nutrition practices that may enhance performance, and 2) to compare nutrient intake of elite and collegiate karate athletes. Thirtyfive female black belt karate athletes volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided into 2 groups: 20 athletes who were members of the national team (elite athletes) and 15 collegiate karate athletes (collegiate athletes). The elite athletes showed significantly higher mean lean body mass and significantly lower body fat and fat mass than the collegiate athletes. The elite athletes showed significantly higher energy intake and more nutrient intakes than the collegiate athletes. There were no significant differences in diet compositions between the elite and collegiate athletes. The elite athletes showed all micronutrient intakes were above 100% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AIs), whereas the collegiate athletes showed micronutrient intakes below 100% of the EAR or AIs for potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A and C. Thus, we advised collegiate athletes to consume adequate amounts of carbohydrates and protein. To attain these goals, it is desirable to increase the amount of meals by increasing the intake levels of grains, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, lean meat and fish.

本研究では､子ども版二次元気分尺度を使用し､ｽﾎﾟｰﾂ教室(ﾁｬﾚﾝｼﾞｽﾎﾟｰﾂ:以下 CS)でのｽﾎﾟｰﾂ体験が児童生徒の気分に与える影響について検討した｡1日2時間のｽﾎﾟｰﾂ教室に参加した154名(平均年齢8.8±2.6歳)の児童生徒を調査対象とし､延べ538ｻﾝﾌﾟﾙを回収した｡対象者には2時間の CS 実施前後に､二次元気分尺度(坂入ら､2009)の子ども版を使用し､絵と数字を用いた2項目の質問に対して11件法で回答を求めた｡CS 実施前後の尺度得点を比較したところ､実施後に｢活性度｣(p, The purpose of this study was to examine experiences in sports classes ("Challenge Sports" or CS) and the effects on the moods of students measured using the children's two-dimensional mood scale. During this study, 154 students were surveyed (average age 8.1±2.6). Students participated in sports classes for two hours a day, and a total of 538 samples were collected. Measurements using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale

本研究は､長崎国際大学(本学)1年生の体力特性を明らかにすることを目的とした｡結果は以下のとおりである｡1.本学学生の体格指数(BMI)は､男女共に全国平均値に比べ有意に高値を示したが､その値は標準体型の範囲にあった｡2.本学学生における長座体前屈(体幹および下肢における柔軟性)の成績は､男女共に全国平均値に比べ有意に低値を示した｡体幹および下肢における柔軟性は､ｽﾎﾟｰﾂにおけるﾊﾟﾌｫｰﾏﾝｽの良し悪し､更には日常生活における生活の質(QOL)との関わりが深い事から､今後､この体力の向上に努める必要がある｡3.本学男子学生における 20m ｼｬﾄﾙﾗﾝ(全身持久力)の成績は､全国平均値に比べ有意に高値を示した｡一方､本学男子学生における反復横とび(敏捷性)および立ち幅跳び(瞬発力)の成績は､全国平均値と比べ有意に低値を示した｡本学男子学生は､持久力に優れている一方､下肢の筋ﾊﾟﾜｰが弱いことがわかった｡4.体組成と体力との関係を検討したところ､本学男子学生は､体脂肪率と体力との間に関係が認められたのに対し､本学女子学生は､除脂肪体重(筋量)と体力との間に関係が認められた｡, The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of physical fitness of first-year students at Nagasaki International University. The results are follows.1.BMI values of both male and female students were significantly higher than the national average, however they were in the normal range.2.Values of the“sitting trunk flexion”of both male and female students were significantly lower than the national average. Since lower limb and trunk flexibility is known to be related to sports performance and also known to enhance the quality of life, it is important to improve this flexibility.3.In male students, the value of the“20m shuttle run”was significantly higher, and those of the“side step”and the“standing long jump”were significantly lower, compared with the national average. These results suggest that male students were superior in endurance, and were inferior in muscle power output in lower limbs.4.Physical strength of male students was significantly related to their body fat percentage, while that of female students was significantly related to their lean body mass.

本研究の目的は､ﾄｯﾌﾟﾚﾍﾞﾙの大学空手道選手を男女別に分類し､栄養素等摂取状況､身体的特徴について検討することである｡対象はN大学空手道部員22名(男子13名､女子9名)と習慣的な運動を有さない男女大学生27名(男子7名､女子20名)である｡空手群はｺﾝﾄﾛｰﾙ群に比較して､男女共に body mass index(BMI)と除脂肪量(LBM)が有意に高く､女子群は身長､体重､体脂肪量､腹囲も有意に高かった｡適正量に対する栄養素等摂取量の割合は､女子群がﾋﾞﾀﾐﾝ B1､B2 を除いて適正量を満たしておらず､男子群においてはどの項目も満たしていなかった｡肉類以外のたんぱく質源(豆類､魚介類､卵類)は､それぞれの目標量を50%も満たしておらず､たんぱく質源の摂取に偏りがみられた｡, The aim of this study was to examine the nutrient intake and anthropometric characteristics of top-class university karate athletes by gender. The study involved 22 karate athletes(13 men and 9 women)who participated in N university student karate club and 27 university students(7 men and 20 women)without exercise habits. Both men and women in the karate group had a significantly higher body mass index(BMI)and lean body mass(LBM)than those in the control group, and the female athletes had a significantly greater height, body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference than their counterparts. When examined as a percentage of the dietary reference intake(DRI), nutrient intake of the female athletes did not meet the DRIs for all nutrients except for vitamins B1 and B2, while the male athletes failed to achieve the DRIs for all nutrients. These athletes had less than 50% of the target intake of non-meat protein sources(beans, fish/seafood, and eggs), indicating an unbalanced intake of different sources of protein.

今回､我々は身体教育ﾌﾟﾛｸﾞﾗﾑのひとつとしてﾏﾘﾝｽﾎﾟｰﾂ実習､ｽｷｰ･ｽﾉｰﾎﾞｰﾄﾞ実習を実施し､その教育効果を検討した｡以下にその結果を要約すると(1) 野外実習の参加により､体重が有意に増加した(F(1,88)=44.38, p, In this study, we examined the educational effects of an outdoor camp, marine sports camp and ski & snowboard camp(ski camp)and as one of the physical education programs.The effects can be summarized as follows:1) Physical fitness score for‘weight'increased significantly by participation in outdoor program(F(1,88)=44.38, p

本研究の目的は､全日本空手道連盟ﾅｼｮﾅﾙﾁｰﾑ所属選手の合宿中の栄養素等摂取状況について検討することである｡対象は合宿に参加した選手45名である｡被検者を男子組手群20名と形群7名､女子組手群11名と形群7名の4群に分けた｡4群の PFC 比(P:たんぱく質､F:脂質､C:炭水化物に対するｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ比率)の範囲は､たんぱく質ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ比が11.9±1.3～13.2±1.1%､脂質ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ比が28.5±4.8～29.3±3.3%､炭水化物ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ比が56.6±3.3～58.8±4.3%であった｡炭水化物とたんぱく質の平均摂取量は､推奨されている値と比較すると適切であった｡ﾋﾞﾀﾐﾝとﾐﾈﾗﾙの摂取量を増加させるために我々は､乳･乳製品､緑黄色野菜､淡色野菜の摂取を増加させることを勧めた｡, The purpose of this study was to collect baseline data on nutrient intake of elite Japanese karate players during training camp. The subjects were 27 men and 18 women who were members of the national team in Japan. They were divided into 4 groups:20 men's sparring(M-Spar Group), 7 men's kata(M-Kata Group), 11 women's sparring(W-Spar Group), 7 women's kata(W-Kata Group). The percentage of energy from protein ranged from 11.9±1.3～13.2±1.1%, 28.5±4.8～29.3±3.3% from fat, 56.6±3.3～58.8±4.3% from carbohydrates. The mean carbohydrate and protein intakes were adequate in comparison with the respective recommended targets. To increase mineral and vitamin intakes, we recommended athletes to increase consumptions of milk and dairy products, green and other vegetables.

Karate is one of the most popular martial arts practiced both inside and outside of Japan. Traditional karate training consists of the practice of basic techniques, kata and sparring. The basic techniques such as punching, kicking, blocking and striking are practiced either in the stationary position or with body movements in various formal stances. Kata are set forms in a pre-established sequence of defensive and offensive techniques and movements. Sparring is the execution of defensive and offensive techniques while one is freely moving against an opponent. In addition to the traditional karate training, many competitive practitioners cross train by undertaking strenuous running and weight training programs to increase endurance, muscle development and power.

今回､我々は身体教育ﾌﾟﾛｸﾞﾗﾑのひとつとしてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ実習を実施し､その教育効果等を検討した｡以下にその結果を要約すると､(1)ﾌｨｼﾞｶﾙﾌｨｯﾄﾈｽとしての体重が有意に増加した(t(23)=3.86, p, In this study, we examined the educational effects of an outdoor camp as one of the physical education programs. The effects can be summarized as follows:1)Physical fitness score for‘weight'increased significantly(t(23)=3.86, p

本稿は空手道選手の身体的特徴､空手道練習中の生理学的反応､ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ消費量､METs､そして空手道の運動効果について検討した｡空手道の競技選手は有酸素能力では無酸素性作業能の範囲内であった｡平均体脂肪率は､非活動的な対照者よりも低く､除脂肪体重が高かった｡空手道のﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞ強度は中程度であったが､70分間の練習中の平均ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ消費量と METs は､男性が 563kcal と 7.9METs､女性が 268kcal と 5.2METs であった｡10週間の30分間の空手道基本練習は､非活動的な女子大生の最大酸素摂取量を増加させることができる｡ほとんどの空手道の研究は成人を対象としているので､これからの研究は子供を対象として､空手道練習の効果について検討する必要がある｡, This study reviews physical characteristics, physiologic responses during karate exercises, energy expenditure and METs of karate exercises, and effects of karate exercises. Competitive karate practitioners are within the range of non-endurance athletes in aerobic capacity. Their mean percentage of body fat was lower and lean body mass was higher relative to the sedentary controls. Although the training intensity of karate exercises was moderate, the mean energy expenditure and METs for the 70-min practice was 563kcal and 7.9METs for men and 268kcal and 5.2METs for women. The chronic effects of practicing 30min of basic karate exercises for 10 weeks can increase maximal oxygen uptake in sedentary collegiate women. Because most karate studies have used adult practitioners, future studies need to investigate chronic effects of various karate exercises in children.

The patient was a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The tumor, 13 cm in diameter, occupied almost the entire right lobe and directly permeated the gallbladder. In addition, invasion of the portal vein umbilical region was seen from an inside area progress department. Because of the small remnant liver volume due to 3 procedures for right area excision and because liver failure was a concern after the operation, we decided to perform extended right hepatectomy for which we retained one S4 Glisson's capsule. Radiotherapy was planned for portal vein tumor thrombus after the operation. We started radiotherapy( 2.0 Gy×25) on postoperative day 14, and the patient was discharged without complications on postoperative day 55. We initiated the internal administration of tegafur-uraci(l UFT 400 mg/day) on postoperative day 44 and continued the treatment for half a year; however, metastasis was frequently noted in the lungs on computed tomography (CT) at 9 months after the operation. We administered low-dose 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin( FP, intravenous) therapy combined with sorafenib( 800 mg/day), and the patient is being followed up. No recurrence has been noted in the liver at 16 months after the operation.

A 44-year-old man with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was admitted to our institution. Abdominal computed tomography( CT) revealed diffuse HCC in the right lobe, with a tumor thrombus in the main trunk and contralateral branch of the portal vein. Right lobectomy and tumor thrombectomy were performed. Three months later, oral tegafur-uraci( l UFT) administration( 300 mg/day) was initiated. Twelve months after surgery, intrahepatic recurrence was detected on CT scans. Therefore, the patient was treated with transcatheter arterial infusion( TAI) and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT). Since then, no evidence of HCC recurrence has been noted for 46 months after the initial treatment.

We report a case of bilobar multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully treated by preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion(PIHP) and subsequent hepatectomy. A 77-year-old man with elevated serum PIVKA-II level and hepatomas was referred to our hospital. Abdominal dynamic computed tomography and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated advanced HCCs: 11 tumors with a maximum tumor size of 4.8 cm diameter in the right lobe, and 1 tumor of 3.6 cm diameter in the left lobe. Curative resection was impossible due to insufficient liver function and due to the locations of the tumors. Therefore, we performed preoperative PIHP in order to control the multiple HCCs in the right lobe. This resulted in normalization of serum PIVKA-II level and complete necrosis of all tumors in the right lobe, as observed on dynamic computed tomography after 4 weeks of PIHP. Then, at 7 weeks after PIHP, we performed extended left lobectomy for residual tumor in the left lobe. Finally, complete remission was thought to have been achieved. The patient is alive 6 months after PIHP, without recurrence.