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It is known that rough luminosity estimations for ll, lh, and hh colliders can be performed easily using nominal beam parameters. In principle, more precise results can be obtained by analytical solutions. However, beam dynamics is usually neglected in this case since it is almost impossible to cope with beam size fluctuations. In this respect, several beam-beam simulation programs for linear e⁺e⁻ and photon colliders have been proposed while no similar open-access simulation exists for all types of colliders (i.e. linac-ring ep colliders). Here, we present the software ALOHEP (A Luminosity Optimizer for High Energy Physics), a luminosity calculator for linac-ring and ring-ring lh colliders, which also computes IP parameters such as beam-beam tune shift, disruption arising out of electromagnetic interactions. In addition, the program allows taking crossing-angle effects on luminosity into account., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Inthis study, sequence of events for an X-ray undulator generating Free ElectronLaser (FEL) pulses down to hard X-rays of the electromagnetic spectrum, arediscussed in detail. As soon as an undulator arrives to a Magnetic MeasurementsHutch (MMH), a series of treatment steps start to make it ready for commissioning,beginning with a high-precision magnetic alignment procedure. Once Hall probeand undulator are accurately aligned to each other, then gap-dependent measurementsbegin to create tuning lists. After completion of mechanical tuning of poles, MMH3D-coordinates have to be transformed to the coordinates of tunnel, where manyundulator cells will be sequenced one after another along a linear path. Here,all optical, mechanical and magnetic procedures that an X-ray undulator experiencesbefore commissioning, are thoroughly explained. Furthermore, effects ofdifferent types of Hall probes on magnetic measurements, are discussed as well.Finally, whole algorithm subsequent to fabrication until tunnel installation(i.e. optical and magnetic alignment, pole tuning, phase jitter therapy etc.),are summarized by means of the results of magnetic measurements taken in threeidentical MMHs of European XFEL facility., Bu çalışmada, elektromanyetik spektrumun sertX-ışınları bölgesinde Serbest Elektron Lazeri (SEL) üreten bir X-ışınısalındırıcısının başından geçen olaylar silsilesi detaylıca tartışılmıştır. Birsalındırıcı Manyetik Ölçüm Laboratuvarı’na geldikten sonra işletime hazır halegelebilmesi için, yüksek hassasiyetli manyetik hizalama prosedürü ile başlayanbir dizi iyileştirme adımı başlar. Hall probu ve salındırıcı birbirlerinehassas bir şekilde ayarlandıktan sonra, ayar listelerinin oluşturulabilmesiiçin salındırıcı yapının farklı farklı açıklık değerleri için ölçümler başlar. Kutuplarınmekanik olarak ayarlanmasından sonra, Manyetik Ölçüm Laboratuvarı’nın 3 boyutlukoordinatları, salındırıcıların doğrusal bir yol boyunca ard ardasıralanacakları tünel koordinatlarına dönüştürülmelidir. Burada, bir X-ışınısalındırıcısının işletimden önce başından geçen tüm optik, mekanik ve manyetikprosedürler tüm detaylarıyla açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca, birbirinden farklı tipteHall problarının manyetik ölçümler üzerine etkileri de tartışılmıştır. Sonuçolarak, üretimin ardından tünele kurulana kadarki tüm algoritma (optik vemanyetik hizalama, kutup ayarlanması, faz hatalarının iyileştirilmesi vb.), EuropeanXFEL tesisinin özdeş üç Manyetik Ölçüm Laboratuvarı’nda alınan sonuçlar ileözetlenmiştir.

Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory in Ankara (TARLA) is proposed as first accelerator based infrastructure in Turkey as a first step Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC). The facility under construction at Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University since 2012. Based superconducting technology, TARLA accelerator will offer a multi-experiment facility providing various accelerator-based radiation sources for the users coming from different fields like physics, chemistry, biology, material sciences, medicine and nanotechnology. Two of the planed free-electron laser (FEL) beamlines of TARLA will provide Continuous Wave (CW) tunable radiation of high brightness in the mid- and far-infrared regime. In addition a Bremmstrahlung radiation station is proposed within current scope of TARLA. In this paper current status of facility is presented., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Three light source project is ongoing in Turkey within the frame of Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Project which has been supported by Ministry of Development since 2006. As a first facility of TAC, 3-250 μ mm IR-FEL facility (TARLA) based on superconducting accelerator with an energy of maximum 40 MeV is under construction at Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University. In addition to TARLA, Conceptual/Technical Design Report of a third generation synchrotron radiation facility based on 3 GeV, and a fourth generation FEL facility based 1-6 GeV is being prepared for the next steps of TAC. Therewithal a proton accelerator facility with up 2 GeV and an electron-positron collider as a super charm factory are proposed within the frame of TAC project. In this presentation, current status of TARLA project and main goals, road map of Turkish Light Sources will be explained., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Bu çalışmada, Türk Hızlandırıcı Merkezi (THM) projesi kapsamında önerilen linak-halka tipli elektron-pozitron çarpıştırıcısının (Süper Charm Fabrikası) parametrizasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Kafa kafaya çarpışma durumu için, yuvarlak (round) ve yassı (flat) demetlerin ışınlığa etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, yine THM projesi kapsamında önerilen 1 GeV enerjili Kendiliğinden Genlik Artımlı Yayınım (SASE) modunda Serbest Elektron Lazeri (SEL) tesisi için olası elektron doğrusal hızlandırıcısı (linak) demet parametreleri belirlenerek, çeşitli salındırıcı tiplerine dayalı SASE SEL parametreleri optimize edilmiştir. In this study, parametrization studies for linac-ring type electron-positron collider (Super Charm Factory) proposal of the Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) project, are carried out. Affects of round and flat beam options to luminosity under head-on collision case, are investigated. On the other hand, probable electron linac beam parameters for 1 GeV Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) Free Electron Laser (FEL) proposal of the TAC project, are determined. In addition, SASE FEL parameters based on various undulator types, are optimized. 115

1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC 2010 -- 23 May 2010 through 28 May 2010 -- Kyoto -- 100155, The Turkish Accelerator Complex (TAC) was proposed to Turkish State Planning Organization (DPT) as a regional facility for accelerator based fundamental and applied research center in 1997 [1]. After completing Feasibility Report (FR, 2000) [2,3], and Conceptual Design Repot (CDR, 2005) [4], third phase of project is started in 2006 as an inter-universities project with support of DPT. TAC collaboration includes ten Turkish Universities: Ankara, Gazi, İstanbul, Bogaziçi, Doguş, Uludag, Dumlupinar, Nigde, Erciyes and S. Demirel and around hundred scientists and students. Third phase of project has two main scientific goals: to write Technical Design Report (TDR) of TAC and to establish an Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR FEL) facility as a first step. The TAC complex will include a 1 GeV electron linac and a 3.56 (4.5) GeV positron ring for linac on ring type electron-positron collider as a charm factory and a few GeV proton linac. Besides the particle factory, it is also planned to produce SASE FEL from electron linac and synchrotron radiation from positron ring. It is planned that the Technical Design Report (TDR) of TAC Project will be completed in 2013. Furthermore, as the first step, an Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) facility in oscillator mode will be established in order to become familiar to accelerator technology. This facility is now called Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory at Ankara (TARLA) since located at Golbasi town 15 km South of Ankara, Turkey. In this study, the status of TAC project is presented and latest considerations are given.

ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi SİLİSYUMDAN YAPILMIŞ METAL/YARIİLETKEN/METAL SANDVİÇ YAPILARINDA UZAY- YÜKÜYLE-SINIRLI- AKIM Bora KETENOĞLU Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Necmi SERİN Bu çalışmada, yüksek özdirençli, doğrultusunda kesilmiş n-tipi silisyum kristalinden yapılmış metal/yarıiletken/metal sandviç yapıların elektriksel özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve uzay-yüküyle-sınırlı-akımın gözlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaklaşık 15 mm2 yüzeyindeki silisyum kristal parçalan inceltme, yüzey düzgünleştirme, kimyasal temizleme ve parlatma işleminden sonra, fiber desteklere yapıştırılmıştır. Daha sonra silisyum kristal yüzeyleri, 8x1 0`7 Torr vakumda bakır ve alüminyum kaplanarak metal/yaniletken/metal sandviç yapısı elde edilmiştir. Bu yapıların akım-gerilim (I-V) ve kapasite-gerilim (C-V) belirtgenleri değişik sıcaklıklarda ölçülmüştür. Yapıların akım-gerilim belirtgenlerinden, bakır/yanilelken/alüminyum yapılarında diyot davranışı ve uzay-yüküyle- sınırlı-akım (SCLC) gözlenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalardan, silisyum kristalinin özdirenci (p), doğrultma oram (r), ideallik faktörü (n), Vd tayin edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar, silisyum kristalinin bilinen değerleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. 2005, 50 sayfa Anahtar Kelimeler: Uzay-yüküyle-sınırlı-alam (SCLC), Child kanunu, I-V karakteristiği, diyot, metal/yaniletken/metal sandviç yapı, silisyum, vakum ABSTRACT Masters Thesis SPACE-CHARGE-LIMITED-CURRENT in METAL/SEMICONDUCTOR/METAL SANDWICH STRUCTURE MADE of SILICON Bora KETENO?LU Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Department of Engineering Physics Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Necmi SERİN In this study, it was aimed to investigate the electrical conduction mechanism of metal/semiconductor/metal sandwich structure and to observe the space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) made of n-type silicon single crystal with high resistivity (around 10x10s Q.cm) and orientation. In order to achieve the electrical measurements silicon crystal pieces were mounted to the fibre holders by means of araldithe. In order to fabricate Copper/(n-type) silicon/Aluminium structure, the subsequent surfaces of the silicon crystal were coated by Copper and Aluminium metals under a vacuum 8xl0`7 Torr. The current- voltage (I-V) and the capasitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the samples were measured for various temperatures. It was observed from the I-V characteristics that Copper/(n-type) silicon/Aluminium structure had a diode and space-charge-limited-current behaviours. Resistivity (p), rectification ratio (r), ideality factor (n), Vd parameters of silicon were determined by means of the I-V and C-V measurements and the results were compared with the published results. 2005, 50 pages Key Words: Space-charge-limited-current (SCLC), Child's law, I-V characteristic, diode, metal/semiconductor/metal sandwich structure, silicon, vacuum 60

Accelerator-based fourth-generation light sources are utilized in a wide range of interdisciplinary applications such as nanotechnology, materials science, biosciences, and medicine. A hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL), as a state-of-the-art light source, was optimized using evolutionary algorithms for dedicated user applications such as X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), and X-ray emission spectroscopies (XES). Optimal parameter sets were obtained for an in-vacuum planar undulator driven by an 8 GeV electron beam. Performance parameters of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation (i.e. optimized SASE performance parameters through evolutionary algorithms) were found to be consistent with operating X-ray FEL facilities around the world. It is shown that FEL characteristics for specific user experiments can be optimized by finding several evolutionary algorithm solutions within the range of 5 keV to 10 keV.