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In triploid fish physiology there is a lack of information about its molecular responses under stress and how to quantify the stress levels or intensity. Thus, the goals of this trial were to evaluate the pattern of HSP70 in the gills, heart and muscles of non-stressed diploid and triploid rainbow trouts, and in the blood cells after the exposure to heat stress in order to assess their stress levels. Similar HSP70 immunohistochemical detection in the gills, heart and muscles samples was seen in both ploidies. However, HSP70 expression in blood varied between ploidies over the experimental time. Control and stressed diploid trouts showed analogous HSP70 levels, but heat stressed triploid trouts showed lower HSP70 levels throughout the experiment with differences observable after 12h and 24h. It was expected higher HSP70 expression in both ploidies once this protein protects the cells against a wide range of disturbing agents. Recent evidences showed that triploid fishes have lower gene expression and this fact must be explored in future investigation in rainbow trouts. In conclusion, comparisons over time between diploid and triploid HSP70 levels in trouts could be used in stress evaluation and welfare statement. RESUMEN | En la fisiología de los peces triploides, falta información sobre sus respuestas moleculares bajo estrés y cómo cuantificar los niveles o la intensidad del estrés. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de este ensayo fueron evaluar el patrón de HSP70 en las branquias, el corazón y los músculos de truchas arco iris diploides y triploides no estresadas, y en las células sanguíneas después de la exposición al estrés por calor para evaluar sus niveles de estrés. Se observó una detección inmunohistoquímica de HSP70 similar en las muestras de branquias, corazón y músculos en ambas ploidías. Sin embargo, la expresión de HSP70 en sangre varió entre ploidías durante el tiempo experimental. Las truchas diploides de control y estresadas mostraron niveles análogos de HSP70, pero las truchas triploides estresadas por calor mostraron niveles más bajos de HSP70 durante todo el experimento con diferencias observadas después de 12 h y 24 h. Se esperaba una mayor expresión de HSP70 en ambas ploidías una vez que esta proteína protege a las células contra una amplia gama de agentes perturbadores. Evidencias recientes mostraron que los peces triploides tienen una menor expresión génica y este hecho debe ser explorado en futuras investigaciones en truchas arcoíris. En conclusión, las comparaciones a lo largo del tiempo entre los niveles diploides y triploides de HSP70 en truchas podrían usarse en la evaluación del estrés y de bienestar.

This study evaluated the phagocytosis of propidium iodide-labeled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) by circulating leukocytes obtained from five Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)-negative cows, five naturally EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows, and five EBL-positive cows with persistent lymphocytosis (PL), analyzed by flow cytometry. Among cells obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, the percentage of leukocytes carrying out phagocytosis (7.20%), was smaller (p=0.047) than that verified among cells obtained from non-infected (12.90%), and from BLV-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows (14.70%). Furthermore, leukocytes obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, showed smaller phagocytosis intensity (characterized by the intensity of propidium iodide fluorescence) than leukocytes obtained from non-infected and from EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic, cows (p

A distrofia muscular dos cães Golden Retriever (GRMD), uma miopatia degenerativa causada pela ausência da distrofina é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia muscular de Duchenne que acomete humanos, portanto, estes cães são considerados modelos experimentais para estudos em terapia celular. Seu sucesso depende da imunossupressão adequada. A ciclosporina A (CsA) é indicada para tal e a monitorização de suas concentrações sangüíneas e efeitos adversos são essenciais para viabilizar a terapia. Foram estudados cães GRMD, e normais da mesma raça, submetidos a terapia com CsA, associada, nos GRMD, ao transplante de células tronco. Foram avaliados as concentrações sangüíneas do fármaco através de amostras coletadas a cada dois ou três dias e analisadas pelo método do imunoensaio por fluorescência (FPIA). Como resultado observamos que as concentrações de CsA oscilaram muito, em seis dos oito animais. Concluímos que as doses variam individualmente sendo de maior importância avaliar a concentração do fármaco no sangue e sua viabilização no uso da terapia celular. The muscular dystrophy of Golden Retriever (GRMD) is a degenerative miopaty caused by the absence of dystrophy and it is genetically homologue of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, so, these dogs are considerably experimental models for studies on cellular therapy. Their successful depends of the adequate immunosuppression. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is indicated for that and the monitoring of the blood concentration and adverse effects are essential to viabilise the therapy. It was studied GRMD dogs, and normal dogs from the same breed, submitted for therapy with CsA, associated, on GRMD, of cell transplantation. It was evaluated blood concentration of the drug, between two or tree days using the method of FPIA. In our results we found that the CsA blood concentrations oscillated too much on six than eight of our animals. We concluded that the doses varieties individually and the correct dosage as to important as the evaluation of the blood concentration of the drug and became viable for cell therapy.