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2. Effects of Central Administration of Glutamine and Alanine on Feed Intake and Hypothalamic Expression of Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neuropetides in Broiler Chicks

Author

Khondowe Paul, Song-bo WANG, Sheng-feng CHEN, Jian-jian YU, Xiao-tong ZHU, Li-na WANG, Ping GAO, Qian-yun XI, Yong-liang ZHANG, Gang SHU, and Qing-yan JIANG

Subjects
L-glutamine, L-alanine, intracerebroventricular (ICV), feed intake, hypothalamus, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Different amino acids have been shown to affect feed intake when injected directly into the central nervous system of birds. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. L-Glutamine or L-alanine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administered to 4-d-old broiler chicks and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-glutamine (0.55 or 5.5 μmol) significantly increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and the hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression levels, while it markedly decreased hypothalamic POMC and CRF mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-alanine (4 μmol) significantly decreased feed intake for the first 0.5 h post-administration period, and reduced the hypothalamic AgRP mRNA expression levels, while it remarkablely enhanced the mRNA expression levels of MC4R and CRF. These findings suggested that L-glutamine and L-alanine could act within the hypothalamus to influence feed intake in broiler chicks, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.

Published
2012
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3. Effects of 'Bioactive' amino acids leucine, glutamate, arginine and tryptophan on feed intake and mRNA expression of relative neuropeptides in broiler chicks

Author

Wang Songbo, Khondowe Paul, Chen Shengfeng, Yu Jianjian, Shu Gang, Zhu Xiaotong, Wang Lina, Gao Ping, Xi Qianyun, Zhang Yongliang, and Jiang Qingyan

Subjects
Broiler chicks, Feed intake, Hypothalamus, Intracerebroventricular (ICV), L-leucine, L-glutamate, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine (0.15 or 1.5 μmol) significantly (P P

Published
2012
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6. Size at Maturity and Fecundity of Oreochromis niloticus and Mouth Brooding Tilapiines Indigenous to Kafue Flood Plain Fishery, Zambia.

Author

Innocent Mbewe, Khondowe, Paul, Hangoma G. Mudenda, Innocent Mbewe, Khondowe, Paul, and Hangoma G. Mudenda

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

Published
2023

7. Comparative effects of low energy diets on blood parameters and liver HSP70 and iNOS gene expressions among Tanzanian local chicken ecotypes

Author

Khondowe, Paul, Mutayoba, Benezeth, Muhairwa, Amandus, and Phiri, Elliot

Subjects
Corticosterone, Dietary energy, Ecotypes, Haemoglobin, Restriction, Stress, Tolerance, Haematocrit
Abstract

A study comparing effects of low energy diets on liver HSP70 and iNOS gene expressions and blood indices of three Tanzanian chicken ecotypes was conducted. Four weeks old hens belonging to Kuchi (KU), Ching’wekwe (CH) and Morogoro medium (MM) ecotypes were allocated to 9 pens in a 3 x 3 factorial design, with three replicates. They were fed 3 diets containing 40, 55 and 0% less energy than prescribed. Only KU 55% restriction groups had marked up-regulations (p

Published
2019

8. Effects of Central Administration of Glutamine and Alanine on Feed Intake and Hypothalamic Expression of Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neuropetides in Broiler Chicks

Author

Songbo Wang, Gang Shu, Ping Gao, Qian-yun Xi, Qingyan Jiang, Sheng-Feng Chen, Khondowe Paul, Lina Wang, Yongliang Zhang, Jian-jian Yu, and Xiaotong Zhu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Agriculture (General), Central nervous system, L-glutamine, Neuropeptide, Plant Science, Biology, Biochemistry, S1-972, intracerebroventricular (ICV), Food Animals, Orexigenic, Internal medicine, medicine, hypothalamus, Ecology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Broiler, Neuropeptide Y receptor, Glutamine, Melanocortin 4 receptor, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypothalamus, L-alanine, feed intake, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Food Science, medicine.drug
Abstract

Different amino acids have been shown to affect feed intake when injected directly into the central nervous system of birds. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. L-Glutamine or L-alanine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administered to 4-d-old broiler chicks and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-glutamine (0.55 or 5.5 μmol) significantly increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and the hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression levels, while it markedly decreased hypothalamic POMC and CRF mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-alanine (4 μmol) significantly decreased feed intake for the first 0.5 h post-administration period, and reduced the hypothalamic AgRP mRNA expression levels, while it remarkablely enhanced the mRNA expression levels of MC4R and CRF. These findings suggested that L-glutamine and L-alanine could act within the hypothalamus to influence feed intake in broiler chicks, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.

Published
2012

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