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7. Integrating multiple calendars using tau ZAMAN

Author

Jensen, Christian Søndergaard, Urgun, B, Dyreson, C. E., Kline, N, Miller, J.K., Snodgrass, R. T., and Soo, M.D.

Abstract

Programmers world-wide are interested in developing applications that can be used internationally. Part of the internationalization effort is the ability to engineer applications to use dates and times that conform to local calendars yet can inter-operate with dates and times in other calendars, for instance between the Gregorian and Islamic calendars. tZAMAN is a system that provides a natural language and calendarindependent framework for integrating multiple calendars. tZAMAN performs "runtime-binding" of calendars and language support. A running tZAMAN system dynamically loads calendars and language support tables from XML-formatted files. Loading a calendar integrates it with other, already loaded calendars, enabling users of tZAMAN to add, compare, and convert times between multiple calendars. tZAMAN also provides a flexible, calendar-independent framework for parsing temporal literals. Literals can be input and output in XML or plain text, using user-defined formats, and in different languages and character sets. Finally, tZAMAN is a client/server system, enabling shared access to calendar servers spread throughout the web. This paper describes the architecture of tZAMAN and experimentally quantifies the cost of using a calendar server to translate and manipulate dates. Udgivelsesdato: MAR Programmers world-wide are interested in developing applications that can be used internationally. Part of the internationalization effort is the ability to engineer applications to use dates and times that conform to local calendars yet can inter-operate with dates and times in other calendars, for instance between the Gregorian and Islamic calendars. tZAMAN is a system that provides a natural language and calendarindependent framework for integrating multiple calendars. tZAMAN performs "runtime-binding" of calendars and language support. A running tZAMAN system dynamically loads calendars and language support tables from XML-formatted files. Loading a calendar integrates it with other, already loaded calendars, enabling users of tZAMAN to add, compare, and convert times between multiple calendars. tZAMAN also provides a flexible, calendar-independent framework for parsing temporal literals. Literals can be input and output in XML or plain text, using user-defined formats, and in different languages and character sets. Finally, tZAMAN is a client/server system, enabling shared access to calendar servers spread throughout the web. This paper describes the architecture of tZAMAN and experimentally quantifies the cost of using a calendar server to translate and manipulate dates.

Published
2007

11. The consensus glossary of temporal database concepts — February 1998 version

Author

Jensen, Christian S., Dyreson, Curtis E., Michael, Böhlen, James, Clifford, Ramez, Elmasri, Gadia, Shashi K., Fabio, Grandi, Pat, Hayes, Sushil, Jajodia, Wolfgang, Käfer, Kline, N., Nickos, Lorentzos, Yannis, Mitsopoulos, Angelo, Montanari, Daniel, Nonen, Elisa, Peressi, Pernici, Barbara, John, Roddick, Nandlal, Sarda, Maria, Scalas, Arie, Segev, Richard, Snodgrass, Mike, Soo, Abdullah, Tansel, Paolo, Tiberio, Gio, Wiederhold, Opher, Etzion, and Suryanarayana, Sripada

Published
1998

12. An Experimental Study of Forced Heat Convection in Concentric and Eccentric Annular Channels.

Author

Kline, N. and Tavoularis, S.

Subjects
*HEAT convection, *REYNOLDS number, *CONVECTIVE flow, *FLUID flow, *HEAT transfer coefficient, *NUSSELT number
Abstract

An experimental study of the effect of eccentricity on forced convective heat transfer was conducted for upward flows in vertical, open-ended annular channels with a diameter ratio of 0.61, a length to outer diameter ratio of 18:1, and both internal surfaces heated uniformly. Flows with Reynolds numbers Re = 5450, 10,000, and 27,500 and eccentricities varying from 0 to 0.9 were examined. These results are deemed to be mostly in the forced convection regime with some possible overlap with the mixed convection regime at the lowest Reynolds number considered. This work complements our previous work on natural and mixed convection using the same facility. The effect of eccentricity was not significant at lower eccentricities, but, in highly eccentric cases, the wall temperature in the narrow gap was much higher than in the wide gap and the average heat transfer coefficient was as low as one-fifth of the concentric value. For Re > 10,000, the average Nusselt number for the concentric case was nearly four times higher than the value predicted by the Dittus-Boelter correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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13. A Second Example

Author

Snodgrass, R. T., Jensen, C. S., Dyreson, C. E., Käefer, W., Kline, N., Roddick, John F., and Snodgrass, R. T. (ed.), null

Published
1995

16. A TSQL2 Tutorial

Author

Snodgrass, R. T., Ahn, I., Ariav, G., Batory, D. S., Clifford, J., Dyreson, C. E., Elmasri, R., Grandi, F., Jensen, C. S., Käfer, W., Kline, N., Kulkarni, K., Leung, T. Y. C., Lorentzos, N., Roddick, J. F., Segev, A., Soo, M. D., and Stripada, S. M.

Published
1994

17. An Evaluation of TSQL2

Author

Snodgrass, R. T., Ahn, I., Ariav, G., Bayer, P., Clifford, J., Dyreson, C. E., Grandi, F., Hermosilla, L., Jensen, C. S., Käfer, W., Kline, N., Kulkarni, K., Leung, T. Y. C., Lorentzos, N., Mitsopoulos, Y., Roddick, J. F., Soo, M. D., and Sripada, S. M.

Published
1994

37. Controlled evaluation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients.

Author

Kline, N. S., Barclay, G. L., Cole, J. O., Esser, A. H., Lehmann, H., and Wittenborn, J. R.

Subjects
SCIENTIFIC experimentation, PEOPLE with schizophrenia, NAD (Coenzyme), DRUG administration, ORAL drug administration, PSYCHIATRIC rating scales, HALLUCINATIONS, SCHIZOPHRENIA treatment
Abstract

The article presents a study on the controlled evaluation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. The patients are treated through oral use of NAD which is better known as diphosphopyridinenucleotide (DPN). It is found that the simultaneous administration of other medications does not interfere with the action of DPN. The results show the general clinical impression and clinical notes, a brief psychiatric rating scale and the duration of talking to oneself or hallucination.

Published
1967
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38. PSYCHIATRY IN KUWAIT.

Author

Kline, Nathan S. and KLINE, N S

Subjects
PSYCHIATRY, PROFESSIONAL practice, RITUAL, PSYCHIATRIC hospitals, MENTAL health personnel, MENTAL health, PEOPLE with mental illness, EMPLOYEES
Abstract

The article examines the psychiatric practice and profession in Kuwait. Neuropsychiatric patients were usually taken to a mullah or teacher who will blow on him in a prescribed ritualistic manner or write certain words on paper which will be wrapped in cloth and suspended on a string from the patient's neck or arms. By 1945, the first mental hospital was established with from the conversion of an old prison with staff consisting of eight psychiatrists. The economic and general medical situation of the country

Published
1963
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39. A predicative model for certain directed metalations, IV; The dynamic behavior of the organolithio intermediates formed by metalation of p-dimethoxybenzene (p-DMB)

Author

Slocum, D.W., Hayes, G., and Kline, N.

Abstract

Significant disproportionation between the mono- and 2,5-bis-metalaled intermediates resulting from metalation of p-DMB has been observed. The best procedure for the generation of each of these intermediates involves use of an “incremental” amount of TMEDA.1

Published
1995
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40. WILL AMITRIPTYLINE PREVENT THE "CHEESE" REACTION OF MONOAMINE-OXIDASE INHIBITORS?

Author

Pare, C.M.B., Hallstrom, C., Kline, N., and Cooper, T.B.

Abstract

Administration of amitriptyline greatly diminished the pressor response to intravenous tyramine in patients receiving monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Dothiepin and trimipramine, however, produced little change in sensitivity to tyramine. It is suggested that a combination of amitriptyline and an MAOI, started together in a modest dose that is then increased, may protect patients against the potential dangers of eating tyramine-containing foods. However, because MAOIs allow a high proportion of ingested tyramine to be absorbed into the systemic circulation, patients treated with MAOIs, even in combination with amitriptyline, should not be encouraged to eat foods containing tyramine.

Published
1982
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42. The consensus glossary of temporal database concepts - february 1998 version

Author

Jensen, C. S., Curtis Dyreson, Bohlen, M., Clifford, J., Elmasri, R., Gadia, S. K., Grandi, F., Hayes, P., Jajodia, S., Käfer, W., Kline, N., Lorentzos, N., Mitsopoulos, Y., Montanari, A., Nonen, D., Peressi, E., Pernici, B., Roddick, J. F., Sarda, N. L., Scalas, M. R., Segev, A., Snodgrass, R. T., Soo, M. D., Tansel, A., Tiberio, P., and Wiederhold, G.

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