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1,514 results on '"Krücken R."'

1. Toward the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with Ti50

Author: Gates, JM, Orford, R, Rudolph, D, Appleton, C, Barrios, BM, Benitez, JY, Bordeau, M, Botha, W, Campbell, CM, Chadderton, J, Chemey, AT, Clark, RM, Crawford, HL, Despotopulos, JD, Dorvaux, O, Esker, NE, Fallon, P, Folden, CM, Gall, BJP, Garcia, FH, Golubev, P, Gooding, JA, Grebo, M, Gregorich, KE, Guerrero, M, Henderson, RA, Herzberg, R-D, Hrabar, Y, King, TT, Covo, M Kireeff, Kirkland, AS, Krücken, R, Leistenschneider, E, Lykiardopoulou, EM, McCarthy, M, Mildon, JA, Müller-Gatermann, C, Phair, L, Pore, JL, Rice, E, Rykaczewski, KP, Sammis, BN, Sarmiento, LG, Seweryniak, D, Sharp, DK, Sinjari, A, Steinegger, P, Stoyer, MA, Szornel, JM, Thomas, K, Todd, DS, Vo, P, Watson, V, and Wooddy, PT
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: The ^{244}Pu(^{50}Ti,xn)^{294-x}Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with Z≥114 by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than ^{48}Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal-plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of ^{290}Lv. The production cross section was measured to be σ_{prod}=0.44(_{-0.28}^{+0.58}) pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3) MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the "island of stability," with a beam of ^{50}Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond Z=118.
Published: 2024

2. Towards the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with 50Ti

Author: Gates, J. M., Orford, R., Rudolph, D., Appleton, C., Barrios, B. M., Benitez, J. Y., Bordeau, M., Botha, W., Campbell, C. M., Chadderton, J., Chemey, A. T., Clark, R. M., Crawford, H. L., Despotopulos, J. D., Dorvaux, O., Esker, N. E., Fallon, P., Folden III, C. M., Gall, B. J. P., Garcia, F. H., Golubev, P., Gooding, J. A., Grebo, M., Gregorich, K. E., Guerrero, M., Henderson, R. A., Herzberg, R. -D., Hrabar, Y., King, T. T., Covo, M. Kireeff, Kirkland, A. S., Krücken, R., Leistenschneider, E., Lykiardopoulou, E. M., McCarthy, M., Mildon, J. A., Müller-Gatermann, C., Phair, L., Pore, J. L., Rice, 1 E., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sammis, B. N., Sarmiento, L. G., Seweryniak, D., Sharp, D. K., Sinjari, A., Steinegger, P., Stoyer, M. A., Szornel, J. M., Thomas, K., Todd, D. S., Vo, P., Watson, V., and Wooddy, P. T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The $^{244}$Pu($^{50}$Ti,$xn$)$^{294-x}$Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron facility. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with $Z\ge 114$ by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than $^{48}$Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of $^{290}$Lv. The production cross section was measured to be $\sigma_{\rm prod}=0.44(^{+58}_{-28})$~pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3)~MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the `Island-of-Stability', with a beam of $^{50}$Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond $Z=118$., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2024

3. Uncertainty quantification of mass models using ensemble Bayesian model averaging

Author: Saito, Yukiya, Dillmann, I, Krücken, R, Mumpower, MR, and Surman, R
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Generic health relevance, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: Developments in the description of the masses of atomic nuclei have led to various nuclear mass models that provide predictions for masses across the whole chart of nuclides. These mass models play an important role in understanding the synthesis of heavy elements in the rapid neutron capture (r) process. However, it is still a challenging task to estimate the size of uncertainty associated with the predictions of each mass model. In this work, a method called ensemble Bayesian model averaging (EBMA) is introduced to quantify the uncertainty of one-neutron separation energies (S1n) which are directly relevant in the calculations of r-process observables. This Bayesian method provides a natural way to perform model averaging, selection, and uncertainty quantification, by combining the mass models as a mixture of normal distributions whose parameters are optimized against the experimental data, employing the Markov chain Monte Carlo method using the no-u-turn sampler. The EBMA model optimized with all the experimental S1n from the AME2003 nuclides are shown to provide reliable uncertainty estimates when tested with the new data in the AME2020.
Published: 2024

4. Structure Studies of $^{13}\text{Be}$ from the $^{12}$Be(d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics on a solid deuteron target

Author: Kovoor, J., Jones, K. L., Hooker, J., Vostinar, M., Kanungo, R., Pain, S. D., Alcorta, M., Allen, J., Andreoiu, C., Atar, L., Bardayan, D. W., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Blankstein, D., Burbadge, C., Burcher, S., Catford, W. N., Cha, S., Chae, K., Connolly, D., Davids, B., Esker, N. E., Garcia, F. H., Gillespie, S., Ghimire, R., Gula, A., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Hellmich, M., Henderson, J., Holl, M., Jassal, P., King, S., Knight, T., Kruecken, R., Lepailleur, A., Liang, J., Morrison, L., O'Malley, P. D., Pereira-Lopez, X., Psaltis, A., Radich, A., Refsgaard, J., Shotter, A. C., Williams, M., and Workman, O.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The low-lying structure of $^{13}$Be has remained an enigma for decades. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies, large inconsistencies remain. Being both unbound, and one neutron away from $^{14}$Be, the heaviest bound beryllium nucleus, $^{13}$Be is difficult to study through simple reactions with weak radioactive ion beams or more complex reactions with stable-ion beams. Here, we present the results of a study using the $^{12}$Be(d,p)$^{13}$Be reaction in inverse kinematics using a 9.5~MeV per nucleon $^{12}$Be beam from the ISAC-II facility. The solid deuteron target of IRIS was used to achieve an increased areal thickness compared to conventional deuterated polyethylene targets. The Q-value spectrum below -4.4~MeV was analyzed using a Bayesian method with GEANT4 simulations. A three-point angular distribution with the same Q-value gate was fit with a mixture of $s$- and $p$-wave, $s$- and $d$-wave, or pure $p$-wave transfer. The Q-value spectrum was also compared with GEANT simulations obtained using the energies and widths of states reported in four previous works. It was found that our results are incompatible with works that revealed a wide $5/2^+$ resonance but shows better agreement with ones that reported a narrower width., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023
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5. Decay Spectroscopy of $^{160}$Eu: Quasiparticle Configurations of Excited States and Structure of $K^\pi$=$4^+$ Band-heads in $^{160}$Gd

Author: Yates, D., Kruecken, R., Dillmann, I., Garrett, P. E., Olaizola, B., Vedia, V., Ali, F. A., Andreoiu, C., Ashfield, W., Ball, G. C., Beadle, Z., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Bishop, D., Bowry, M., Burbadge, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Chaney, D. Z., Cross, D. C., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, M. R., Dunlop, R., Evitts, L. J., Garcia, F. H., Garnsworthy, A. B., Georges, S., Gillespie, S. A., Hackman, G., Henderson, J., Jigmeddorj, S., Lassen, J., Li, R., Luna, B. K., MacLean, A. D., Natzke, C. R., Petrache, C. M., Radich, A. J., Rajabali, M. M., Regan, P. H., Saito, Y., Smallcombe, J., Smith, J. K., Spieker, M., Svensson, C. E., Whitmore, A. Teigelhoefer K., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: \noindent \textbf{Background:} Detailed spectroscopy of neutron-rich, heavy, deformed nuclei is of broad interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure. Nuclei in the r-process path and following freeze-out region impact the resulting r-process abundance distribution, and the structure of nuclei midshell in both proton and neutron number helps to understand the evolution of subshell gaps and large deformation in these nuclei. \noindent \textbf{Purpose:} To improve the understanding of the nuclear structure of $^{160}$Gd, specifically the $K^\pi$=$4^+$ bands, as well as study the $\beta$-decay of $^{160}$Eu into $^{160}$Gd. \noindent \textbf{Methods:} High-statistics decay spectroscopy of $^{160}$Gd resulting from the $\beta$-decay of $^{160}$Eu was collected using the GRIFFIN spectrometer at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. \noindent \textbf{Results:} Two new excited states and ten new transitions were observed in $^{160}$Gd. The $\beta$-decaying half-lives of the low- and high-spin isomer in $^{160}$Eu were determined, and the low-spin state's half-life was measured to be $t_{1/2}=26.0(8)$~s, $\sim$16\% shorter than previous measurements. Lifetimes of the two $K^\pi$=$4^+$ band-heads in $^{160}$Gd were measured for the first time, as well as $\gamma$-$\gamma$ angular correlations and mixing ratios of intense transitions out of those band-heads. \noindent \textbf{Conclusions:} Lifetimes and mixing ratios suggest that the hexadecapole phonon model of the $K^\pi$=$4^+$ band-heads in $^{160}$Gd is preferred over a simple two-state strong mixing scenario, although further theoretical calculations are needed to fully understand these states. Additionally, the 1999.0 keV state in $^{160}$Gd heavily populated in $\beta$-decay is shown to have positive parity, which raises questions regarding the structure of the high-spin $\beta$-decaying state in $^{160}$Eu.
Published: 2023
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6. An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Author: Tsang, R. H. M., Piepke, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L. Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, C., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Cohen, J. R., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Darroch, L., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y. D., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Peltz-Smalley, H., Perna, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rebeiro, B., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Barakoohi, E. Teimoori, Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O. A., Underwood, R., van Bruggen, E., Veeraraghavan, V., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S., Wu, X. M., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Large-scale low-background detectors are increasingly used in rare-event searches as experimental collaborations push for enhanced sensitivity. However, building such detectors, in practice, creates an abundance of radioassay data especially during the conceptual phase of an experiment when hundreds of materials are screened for radiopurity. A tool is needed to manage and make use of the radioassay screening data to quantitatively assess detector design options. We have developed a Materials Database Application for the nEXO experiment to serve this purpose. This paper describes this database, explains how it functions, and discusses how it streamlines the design of the experiment.
Published: 2023

7. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author: Acharya, B., Adams, C., Aleksandrova, A. A., Alfonso, K., An, P., Baeßler, S., Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P. S., Bellini, F., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Bernauer, J. C., Bhattacharya, T., Bishof, M., Bolotnikov, A. E., Breur, P. A., Brodeur, M., Brodsky, J. P., Broussard, L. J., Brunner, T., Burdette, D. P., Caylor, J., Chiu, M., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Clayton, S. M., Daniels, T. V., Darroch, L., Davoudi, Z., de Gouvêa, A., Dekens, W., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D., Deshpande, A., Detwiler, J. A., Dodson, G. W., Dolinski, M. J., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Erler, J., Filippone, B. W., Fomin, N., Formaggio, J. A., Friesen, F. Q. L., Fry, J., Fujikawa, B. K., Fuller, G., Fuyuto, K., Gallant, A. T., Gallina, G., Ruiz, A. Garcia, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardner, S., Gonzalez, F. M., Gratta, G., Gruszko, J., Gudkov, V., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Haxton, W. C., Hayen, L., Hedges, S., Heeger, K. M., Heffner, M., Heise, J., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Hertzog, D. W., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Holt, J. D., Hoogerheide, S. F., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Howell, C. R., Huang, M., Hutzler, N. R., Imam, K., Ito, T. M., Jamil, A., Janssens, R. V., Jayich, A. M., Jones, B. J. P., Kammel, P., Liu, K. F., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Klein, J. R., Kneller, J. P., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Korsch, W., Krücken, R., Kumar, K. S., Launey, K. D., Lawrence, D., Leach, K. G., Lehnert, B., Lenardo, B. G., Li, Z., Lin, H. -W., Longfellow, B., Lopez-Caceres, S., Lunardini, C., MacLellan, R., Markoff, D. M., Maruyama, R. H., Mathews, D. G., Melconian, D., Mereghetti, E., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Nazarewicz, W., Newby, J., Nicholson, A. N., Novitski, E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ouellet, J. L., Parno, D. S., Paschke, K. D., Pastore, S., Pattie Jr, R. W., Petrov, A. A., Pitt, M. L., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pocar, A., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rahangdale, H., Rasco, B. C., Rasiwala, H., Redwine, R. P., Ritz, A., Rogers, L., Ron, G., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Sargsyan, G. H., Saunders, A., Savard, G., Schaper, D. C., Scholberg, K., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Singh, J. T., Singh, M., Singh, V., Snow, W. M., Soma, A. K., Souder, P. A., Speller, D. H., Stachurska, J., Surukuchi, P. T., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tomalak, O., Torres, J. A., Tyuka, O. A., VanDevender, B. A., Varriano, L., Vogt, R., Walker-Loud, A., Wamba, K., Watkins, S. L., Wietfeldt, F. E., Williams, W. D., Wilson, J. T., Winslow, L., Yan, X. L., Yang, L., Young, A. R., Zheng, X., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This whitepaper presents the research priorities decided on by attendees of the 2022 Town Meeting for Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons and Neutrinos, which took place December 13-15, 2022 in Chapel Hill, NC, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 275 scientists registered for the meeting. The whitepaper makes a number of explicit recommendations and justifies them in detail.
Published: 2023

8. Generative Adversarial Networks for Scintillation Signal Simulation in EXO-200

Author: Li, S., Ostrovskiy, I., Li, Z., Yang, L., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., and Tsang, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Generative Adversarial Networks trained on samples of simulated or actual events have been proposed as a way of generating large simulated datasets at a reduced computational cost. In this work, a novel approach to perform the simulation of photodetector signals from the time projection chamber of the EXO-200 experiment is demonstrated. The method is based on a Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network - a deep learning technique allowing for implicit non-parametric estimation of the population distribution for a given set of objects. Our network is trained on real calibration data using raw scintillation waveforms as input. We find that it is able to produce high-quality simulated waveforms an order of magnitude faster than the traditional simulation approach and, importantly, generalize from the training sample and discern salient high-level features of the data. In particular, the network correctly deduces position dependency of scintillation light response in the detector and correctly recognizes dead photodetector channels. The network output is then integrated into the EXO-200 analysis framework to show that the standard EXO-200 reconstruction routine processes the simulated waveforms to produce energy distributions comparable to that of real waveforms. Finally, the remaining discrepancies and potential ways to improve the approach further are highlighted., Comment: As accepted by JINST
Published: 2023
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9. Search for Two-neutrino Double-Beta Decay of $^{136}\rm Xe$ to the $0^+_1$ excited state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset

Author: Collaboration, EXO-200, Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A new search for two-neutrino double-beta ($2\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{136}\rm Xe$ to the $0^+_1$ excited state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset. A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events. Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two. With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector, the median 90$\%$ confidence level half-life sensitivity of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the $0^+_1$ state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ is $2.9 \times 10^{24}~\rm yr$ using a total $^{136}\rm Xe$ exposure of $234.1~\rm kg~yr$. No statistically significant evidence for $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the $0^+_1$ state is observed, leading to a lower limit of $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}(0^+ \rightarrow 0^+_1) > 1.4\times10^{24}~\rm yr$ at 90$\%$ confidence level, improved by 70$\%$ relative to the current world's best constraint., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2023
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10. Updated analysis of the Er170(p,t)Er168 reaction data

Author: Bucurescu, D, Pascu, S, Graw, G, Hertenberger, R, Wirth, H-F, Faestermann, T, Krücken, R, Mahgoub, M, Jolie, J, von Brentano, P, Heinze, S, Möller, O, Casten, RF, and Brittingham, DA Meyer
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: More than 200 states up to 4.1 MeV excitation have been populated in Er168 with the Er170(p,t) reaction at 25 MeV incident energy. About 80 of these states, with 0+ and 2+ assignments, were reported in a previous publication [D. Bucurescu et al., Phys. Rev. C 73, 064309 (2006)0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.73.064309]. The present work considerably enriches the knowledge of this nucleus. A multistep coupled-channels analysis of the angular distributions is now presented for all the states observed in this experiment. Spin and parity values between 0+ and 7- are newly assigned for more than 100 states. For the states already reported in the ENSDF database with Jπ values there is a good agreement with our values. The Er168 nucleus remains one of the best experimentally known nuclei for states with low and medium spins below 4 MeV excitation energy, representing a challenge for future microscopic structure model calculations aiming to disentangle the contributions of different excitation degrees of freedom.
Published: 2023

11. Decay spectroscopy of Eu160: Quasiparticle configurations of excited states and structure of Kπ=4+ bandheads in Gd160

Author: Yates, D, Krücken, R, Dillmann, I, Garrett, PE, Olaizola, B, Vedia, V, Ali, FA, Andreoiu, C, Ashfield, W, Ball, GC, Beadle, Z, Bernier, N, Bhattacharjee, SS, Bidaman, H, Bildstein, V, Bishop, D, Bowry, M, Burbadge, C, Caballero-Folch, R, Chaney, DZ, Cross, DC, Varela, A Diaz, Dunlop, MR, Dunlop, R, Evitts, LJ, Garcia, FH, Garnsworthy, AB, Georges, S, Gillespie, SA, Hackman, G, Henderson, J, Jigmeddorj, B, Lassen, J, Li, R, Luna, BK, MacLean, AD, Natzke, CR, Petrache, CM, Radich, AJ, Rajabali, MM, Regan, PH, Saito, Y, Smallcombe, J, Smith, JK, Spieker, M, Svensson, CE, Teigelhöfer, A, Whitmore, K, and Zidar, T
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: Background: Detailed spectroscopy of neutron-rich, heavy, deformed nuclei is of broad interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure. Nuclei in the r-process path and following freeze-out region impact the resulting r-process abundance distribution, and the structure of nuclei midshell in both proton and neutron number helps to understand the evolution of subshell gaps and large deformation in these nuclei. Purpose: We aim to improve the understanding of the nuclear structure of Gd160, specifically the Kπ=4+ bands, as well as study the β decay of Eu160 into Gd160. Methods: High-statistics decay spectroscopy of Gd160 resulting from the β-decay of Eu160 was collected using the GRIFFIN spectrometer at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. Results: Two new excited states and ten new transitions were observed in Gd160. The β-decaying half-lives of the low- and high-spin isomers in Eu160 were determined, and the low-spin state's half-life was measured to be t1/2=26.0(8) s, ≈16% shorter than previous measurements. Lifetimes of the two Kπ=4+ bandheads in Gd160 were measured for the first time, as well as γ-γ angular correlations and mixing ratios of intense transitions out of those bandheads. Conclusions: Lifetimes and mixing ratios suggest that the hexadecapole phonon model of the Kπ=4+ bandheads in Gd160 is preferred over a simple two-state strong mixing scenario, although further theoretical calculations are needed to fully understand these states. Additionally, the 1999.0-keV state in Gd160 heavily populated in β decay is shown to have positive parity, which raises questions regarding the structure of the high-spin β-decaying state in Eu160.
Published: 2023

12. Axial and triaxial degrees of freedom in 72Zn

Author: Hellgartner, S, Mücher, D, Wimmer, K, Bildstein, V, Egido, JL, Gernhäuser, R, Krücken, R, Nowak, AK, Zielińska, M, Bauer, C, Benito, MLL, Bottoni, S, De Witte, H, Elseviers, J, Fedorov, D, Flavigny, F, Illana, A, Klintefjord, M, Kröll, T, Lutter, R, Marsh, B, Orlandi, R, Pakarinen, J, Raabe, R, Rapisarda, E, Reichert, S, Reiter, P, Scheck, M, Seidlitz, M, Siebeck, B, Siesling, E, Steinbach, T, Stora, T, Vermeulen, M, Voulot, D, Warr, N, and Wenander, FJC
Subjects: Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The unstable N=42 nucleus 72Zn has been studied using multiple safe Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The experiment was performed at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN making first use of the silicon detector array C-REX in combination with the γ-ray spectrometer Miniball. The high angular coverage of C-REX allowed to determine the reduced transition strengths for the decay of the yrast 01+, 21+ and 41+ as well as of the 02+ and 22+ states in 72Zn. The quadrupole moments of the 21+, 41+ and 22+ states were extracted. Using model independent quadrupole invariants, the ground state of 72Zn was found to have an average deformation in the γ degree of freedom close to maximum triaxiality. In comparison to experimental data in zinc isotopes with N
Published: 2023

13. Performance of novel VUV-sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers for nEXO

Author: Gallina, G., Guan, Y., Retiere, F., Cao, G., Bolotnikov, A., Kotov, I., Rescia, S., Soma, A. K., Tsang, T., Darroch, L., Brunner, T., Bolster, J., Cohen, J. R., Franco, T. Pinto, Gillis, W. C., Smalley, H. Peltz, Thibado, S., Pocar, A., Bhat, A., Jamil, A., Moore, D. C., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Arsenault, P., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lessard, G., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Margetak, P., Martel-Dion, P., Martin, L., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pletskova, N., Pratte, J. F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Raymond, K., Rebeiro, B. M., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tyuka, O. A., Vachon, F., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Visser, G., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xie, L., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu \beta \beta$), due to their response uniformity, monolithic sensitive volume, scalability to large target masses, and suitability for extremely low background operations. The nEXO collaboration has designed a tonne-scale time projection chamber that aims to search for 0$\nu \beta \beta$ of \ce{^{136}Xe} with projected half-life sensitivity of $1.35\times 10^{28}$~yr. To reach this sensitivity, the design goal for nEXO is $\leq$1\% energy resolution at the decay $Q$-value ($2458.07\pm 0.31$~keV). Reaching this resolution requires the efficient collection of both the ionization and scintillation produced in the detector. The nEXO design employs Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) to detect the vacuum ultra-violet, 175 nm scintillation light of liquid xenon. This paper reports on the characterization of the newest vacuum ultra-violet sensitive Fondazione Bruno Kessler VUVHD3 SiPMs specifically designed for nEXO, as well as new measurements on new test samples of previously characterised Hamamatsu VUV4 Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). Various SiPM and MPPC parameters, such as dark noise, gain, direct crosstalk, correlated avalanches and photon detection efficiency were measured as a function of the applied over voltage and wavelength at liquid xenon temperature (163~K). The results from this study are used to provide updated estimates of the achievable energy resolution at the decay $Q$-value for the nEXO design.
Published: 2022
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14. Advances at TRIUMF-ISAC and decay of neutron-rich Cd studied with GRIFFIN

Author: Garrett P.E., Bernier N., Dunlop R., MacLean A.D., Bildstein V., Dillmann I., Jungclaus A., Svensson C.E., Andreoiu C., Ball G.C., Bidaman H., Boubel P., Burbadge C., Caballero-Folch R., Dunlop M.R., Evitts L.J., Garcia F., Garnsworthy A.B., Hackman G., Hallam S., Henderson J., Ilyushkin S., Kisliuk D., Krücken R., Lassen J., Li R., MacConnachie E., McGee E., Moukaddam M., Olaizola B., Ortner K., Padilla-Rodal E., Park J., Paetkau O., Petrache C.M., Pore J.L., Radich A.J., Ruotsalainen P., Smallcombe J., Smith J.K., Tabor S.L., Teigelhöfer A., Turko J., Whitmore K., and Zidar T.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The β-decay half lives of nuclei near the r-process path are critical information required for abundance calculations, especially those near neutron number N = 82. Specifically, the nuclei below doubly-magic 132Sn are key, and play an important role in the formation and shape of the second r-process abundance peak. The half lives in this region are challenging to measure due to the significant β-delayed neutron decay branches and the population of isomeric states with half lives comparable to the ground states. However, by measuring the time distribution of γ rays, these complications can be eliminated. This requires, however, a very effcient γ-ray spectrometer since the production of isotopes in this region is very limited. The new GRIFFIN array at TRIUMF-ISAC provides the high effciency required for these measurements. Recent improvements in the quality of the beams produced at TRIUMF, employing the IG-LIS device, are outlined, as well as the current status of the ARIEL facility. The GRIFFIN spectrometer and its use are briefly described. The experiment to measure the half lives of 128-130Cd is outlined and the results given, and some examples of the power of GRIFFIN to expand decay schemes, specifically for the decay of 128Cd to 128In, are given.
Published: 2018
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15. Search for MeV Electron Recoils from Dark Matter in EXO-200

Author: Collaboration, EXO-200, Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R. H. M., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a search for electron-recoil signatures from the charged-current absorption of fermionic dark matter using the EXO-200 detector. We report an average electron recoil background rate of $6.8 \times 10^{-4}\, \mathrm{cts}\,\mathrm{kg}^{-1}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}\mathrm{keV}^{-1}$ above $4\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and find no statistically significant excess over our background projection. Using a total ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ exposure of $234.1\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm{yr}$ we exclude new parameter space for the charged-current absorption cross-section for dark matter masses between $m_\chi = 2.6\,\mathrm{MeV} - 11.6\,\mathrm{MeV}$ with a minimum of $6\times 10^{-51}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ at $8.3\,\mathrm{MeV}$ at the $90\%$ confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Published: 2022
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16. Development of a $^{127}$Xe calibration source for nEXO

Author: Lenardo, B. G., Hardy, C. A., Tsang, R. H. M., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Piepke, A., Triambak, S., Jamil, A., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cohen, J. R., Collister, R., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Hößl, J., House, A., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Perna, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. F., Priel, N., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rasiwala, H., Raymond, K., Richardson, G., Richman, M., Ringuette, J., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Tyuka, O. A., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Wamba, K., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wu, W. H., Yan, W., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We study a possible calibration technique for the nEXO experiment using a $^{127}$Xe electron capture source. nEXO is a next-generation search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) that will use a 5-tonne, monolithic liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The xenon, used both as source and detection medium, will be enriched to 90% in $^{136}$Xe. To optimize the event reconstruction and energy resolution, calibrations are needed to map the position- and time-dependent detector response. The 36.3 day half-life of $^{127}$Xe and its small $Q$-value compared to that of $^{136}$Xe $0\nu\beta\beta$ would allow a small activity to be maintained continuously in the detector during normal operations without introducing additional backgrounds, thereby enabling in-situ calibration and monitoring of the detector response. In this work we describe a process for producing the source and preliminary experimental tests. We then use simulations to project the precision with which such a source could calibrate spatial corrections to the light and charge response of the nEXO TPC., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022
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17. Use of Bayesian Optimization to Understand the Structure of Nuclei

Author: Hooker, J., Kovoor, J., Jones, K. L., Kanungo, R., Alcorta, M., Allen, J., Andreoiu, C., Atar, L., Bardayan, D. W., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Blankstein, D., Burbadge, C., Burcher, S., Catford, W. N., Cha, S., Chae, K., Connolly, D., Davids, B., Esker, N., Garcia, F. H., Gillespie, S., Ghimire, R., Gula, A., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Hellmich, M., Henderson, J., Holl, M., Jassal, P., King, S., Knight, T., Kruecken, R., Lepailleur, A., Liang, J., Morrison, L., O'Malley, P. D., Pain, S. D., Pereira-Lopez, X., Psaltis, A., Radich, A., Shotter, A. C., Vostinar, M., Williams, M., and Workman, O.
Subjects: Physics - Computational Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Monte Carlo simulations are widely used in nuclear physics to model experimental systems. In cases where there are significant unknown quantities, such as energies of states, an iterative process of simulating and fitting is often required to describe experimental data. We describe a Bayesian approach to fitting experimental data, designed for data from a $^{12}$Be(d,p) reaction measurement, using simulations made with GEANT4. Q-values from the $^{12}$C(d,p) reaction to well-known states in $^{13}$C are compared with simulations using BayesOpt. The energies of the states were not included in the simulation to reproduce the situation for $^{13}$Be where the states are poorly known. Both cases had low statistics and significant resolution broadening owing to large proton energy losses in the solid deuterium target. Excitation energies of the lowest three excited states in $^{13}$C were extracted to better than 90 keV, paving a way for extracting information on $^{13}$Be., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2021
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18. Proton inelastic scattering reveals deformation in $^8$He

Author: Holl, M., Kanungo, R., Sun, Z. H., Hagen, G., Lay, J. A., Moro, A. M., Navrátil, P., Papenbrock, T., Alcorta, M., Connolly, D., Davids, B., Varela, A. Diaz, Gennari, M., Hackman, G., Henderson, J., Ishimoto, S., Kilic, A. I., Krücken, R., Lennarz, A., Liang, J., Measures, J., Mittig, W., Paetkau, O., Psaltis, A., Quaglioni, S., Randhawa, J. S., Smallcombe, J., Thompson, I. J., Vorabbi, M., and Williams, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: A measurement of proton inelastic scattering of $^8$He at $8.25A$~MeV at TRIUMF shows a resonance at 3.54(6)~MeV with a width of 0.89(11)~MeV. The energy of the state is in good agreement with coupled cluster and no-core shell model with continuum calculations, with the latter successfully describing the measured resonance width as well. Its differential cross section analyzed with phenomenological collective excitation form factor and microscopic coupled reaction channels framework consistently reveals a large deformation parameter $\beta_2$ = 0.40(3), consistent with no-core shell model predictions of a large neutron deformation. This deformed double-closed shell at the neutron drip-line opens a new paradigm., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Published: 2021
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19. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author: Ackerman, N., Albert, J., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, S., Coon, M., Craddock, W., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., deVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Echevers, J., Espic, L., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fouts, K., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, J. -M., Martin, Y., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Neilson, R., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Retiere, F., Rivas, A., Robinson, A. L., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Runge, J., Russell, J. J., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wittgen, M., Wodin, J., Wood, J., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya, and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Comment: Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments
Published: 2021
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20. First direct measurement of $^{59}$Cu(p,$\alpha$)$^{56}$Ni: A step towards constraining the Ni-Cu cycle in the Cosmos

Author: Randhawa, J. S., Kanungo, R., Refsgaard, J., Mohr, P., Ahn, T., Alcorta, M., Andreoiu, C., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Davids, B., Christian, G., Chen, A. A., Coleman, R., Garrett, P., Grinyer, G. F., Fuakye, E. Gyabeng, Hackman, G., Jain, R., Kapoor, K., Krücken, R., Laffoley, A., Lennarz, A., Liang, J., Meisel, Z., Nikhil, N., Psaltis, A., Radich, A., Rocchini, M., Saei, N., Saxena, M., Singh, M., Svensson, C., Subramaniam, P., Talebitaher, A., Upadhyayula, S., Waterfield, C., Williams, J., and Williams, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Reactions on the proton-rich nuclides drive the nucleosynthesis in Core-Collapse Supernovae (CCSNe) and in X-ray bursts (XRBs). CCSNe eject the nucleosynthesis products to the interstellar medium and hence are a potential inventory of p-nuclei, whereas in XRBs nucleosynthesis powers the light curves. In both astrophysical sites the Ni-Cu cycle, which features a competition between $^{59}$Cu(p,$\alpha$)$^{56}$Ni and $^{59}$Cu(p,$\gamma$)$^{60}$Zn, could potentially halt the production of heavier elements. Here, we report the first direct measurement of $^{59}$Cu(p,$\alpha$)$^{56}$Ni using a re-accelerated $^{59}$Cu beam and cryogenic solid hydrogen target. Our results show that the reaction proceeds predominantly to the ground state of $^{56}$Ni and the experimental rate has been found to be lower than Hauser-Feshbach-based statistical predictions. New results hint that the $\nu p$-process could operate at higher temperatures than previously inferred and therefore remains a viable site for synthesizing the heavier elements.
Published: 2021
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21. NEXO: Neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond $10^{28}$ year half-life sensitivity

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Czyz, S. A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, W. Gillis C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J-F., Priel, N., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment is designed to use a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon to search for the decay in $^{136}$Xe. Progress in the detector design, paired with higher fidelity in its simulation and an advanced data analysis, based on the one used for the final results of EXO-200, produce a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of $10^{28}$ years. Specifically, improvements have been made in the understanding of production of scintillation photons and charge as well as of their transport and reconstruction in the detector. The more detailed knowledge of the detector construction has been paired with more assays for trace radioactivity in different materials. In particular, the use of custom electroformed copper is now incorporated in the design, leading to a substantial reduction in backgrounds from the intrinsic radioactivity of detector materials. Furthermore, a number of assumptions from previous sensitivity projections have gained further support from interim work validating the nEXO experiment concept. Together these improvements and updates suggest that the nEXO experiment will reach a half-life sensitivity of $1.35\times 10^{28}$ yr at 90% confidence level in 10 years of data taking, covering the parameter space associated with the inverted neutrino mass ordering, along with a significant portion of the parameter space for the normal ordering scenario, for almost all nuclear matrix elements. The effects of backgrounds deviating from the nominal values used for the projections are also illustrated, concluding that the nEXO design is robust against a number of imperfections of the model., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, version accepted by Journal of Phys. G
Published: 2021
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22. DESCANT and β-delayed neutron measurements at TRIUMF

Author: Bildstein V., Garrett P.E., Ashley S.F., Ball G.C., Bianco L., Bandyopadhyay D., Bangay J., Crider B.P., Demand G., Deng G., Dillmann I., Finlay A., Garnsworthy A.B., Hackman G., Hadinia B., Krücken R., Leach K.G., Martin J-P., McEllistrem M.T., Pearson C.J., Peters E.E., Prados-Estévez F.M., Radich A., Sarazin F., Sumithrarachchi C., Svensson C.E., Vanhoy J.R., Wong J., and Yates S.W.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The DESCANT array (Deuterated Scintillator Array for Neutron Tagging) consists of up to 70 detectors, each filled with approximately 2 liters of deuterated benzene. This scintillator material o_ers pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities to distinguish between neutrons and γ-rays interacting with the scintillator material. In addition, the anisotropic nature of n – d scattering allows for the determination of the neutron energy spectrum directly from the pulse height spectrum, complementing the traditional time-of-flight (ToF) information. DESCANT can be coupled either to the TIGRESS (TRIUMF-ISAC Gamma-Ray Escape Suppressed Spectrometer) γ-ray spectrometer [1] located in the ISAC-II [2] hall of TRIUMF for in-beam experiments, or to the GRIFFIN (Gamma-Ray Infrastructure For Fundamental Investigations of Nuclei) γ-ray spectrometer [3] located in the ISAC-I hall of TRIUMF for decay spectroscopy experiments.
Published: 2015
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23. Investigations of Spectroscopic Factors and Sum Rules from the Single Neutron Transfer Reaction 111Cd(d→$\overrightarrow {\rm{d}} $,p)112Cd

Author: Jamieson D.S., Garrett P.E., Ball G.C., Demand G.A., Faestermann T., Finlay P., Green K.L., Hertenberger R., Krücken R., Leach K.G., Phillips A.A., Sumithrarachchi C.S., Triambak S., and Wirth H.-F.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Cadmium isotopes have been presented for decades as excellent examples of vibrational nuclei, with low-lying levels interpreted as multi-phonon quadrupole, octupole, and mixed-symmetry states. A large amount of spectroscopic data has been obtained through various experimental studies of cadmiumisotopes. In the present work, the 111Cd(d→$\overrightarrow {\rm{d}} $,p)112Cd reaction was used to investigate the single-particle structure of the 112Cd nucleus. A 22 MeV beam of polarized deuterons was obtained at the Maier-Leibnitz laboratory in Garching, Germany. The reaction ejectiles were momentum analyzed using a Q3D spectrograph, and 130 levels have been identified up to 4.2 MeV of excitation energy. Using DWBA analysis with optical model calculations, spin-parity assignments have been made for observed levels, and spectroscopic factors have been extracted from the experimental angular distributions of differential cross section and analyzing power. In this high energy resolution investigation, many additional levels have been observed compared with the previous (d,p) study using 8 MeV deuterons [1]. There were a total of 44 new levels observed, and the parity assignments of 34 levels were improved.
Published: 2014
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24. In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 38,40,42Si

Author: Matsushita M., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P., Lee J., Li K., Motobayashi T., Scheit H., Steppenbeck D., Wang H., Baba H., Bazin D., Càceres L., Crawford H., Fallon P., Gernhäuser R., Gibelin J., Go S., Grévy S., Hinke C., Hoffman C. R., Hughes R., Ideguchi E., Ieki K., Jenkins D., Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Krücken R., Le Bleis T., Lee G., Matta A., Michimasa S., Nakamura T., Ota S., Petri M., Sako T., Sakurai H., Shimoura S., Steiger K., Takahashi K., Takechi M., Togano Y., Winkler R., and Yoneda K.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Excited states in the nuclei 38,40,42 Si have been studied using in-beam Γ-ray spectroscopy following multi-nucleon removal reactions to investigate the systematics of excitation energies along the Z=14 isotopic chain. The most probable candidates for the transition from the yrast 4+ state were tentatively assigned among several γ lines newly observed in the present study. The energy ratios between the 21+ and 41+ states were obtained to be 2.09(5), 2.56(5) and 2.93(5) for 38,40,42Si, respectively, indicating a rapid development of deformation in Si isotopes from N=24 to, at least, N=28.
Published: 2014
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25. Reflectivity of VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers in Liquid Xenon

Author: Wagenpfeil, M., Ziegler, T., Schneider, J., Fieguth, A., Murra, M., Schulte, D., Althueser, L., Huhmann, C., Weinheimer, C., Michel, T., Anton, G., Adhikari, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Croix, A. de St, Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gorham, A., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Martel-Dion, P., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Peregrina, M. Medina, Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richard, C., Richman, M., Ringuette, J., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Walent, M., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, L., and Zeldovich, O.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Silicon photomultipliers are regarded as a very promising technology for next-generation, cutting-edge detectors for low-background experiments in particle physics. This work presents systematic reflectivity studies of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) and other samples in liquid xenon at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths. A dedicated setup at the University of M\"unster has been used that allows to acquire angle-resolved reflection measurements of various samples immersed in liquid xenon with 0.45{\deg} angular resolution. Four samples are investigated in this work: one Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM, one FBK VUV-HD SiPM, one FBK wafer sample and one Large-Area Avalanche Photodiode (LA-APD) from EXO-200. The reflectivity is determined to be 25-36% at an angle of incidence of 20{\deg} for the four samples and increases to up to 65% at 70{\deg} for the LA-APD and the FBK samples. The Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPM shows a decline with increasing angle of incidence. The reflectivity results will be incorporated in upcoming light response simulations of the nEXO detector., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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26. Search for Majoron-emitting modes of Xe136 double beta decay with the complete EXO-200 dataset

Author: Al Kharusi, S, Anton, G, Badhrees, I, Barbeau, PS, Beck, D, Belov, V, Bhatta, T, Breidenbach, M, Brunner, T, Cao, GF, Cen, WR, Chambers, C, Cleveland, B, Coon, M, Craycraft, A, Daniels, T, Darroch, L, Daugherty, SJ, Davis, J, Delaquis, S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A, DeVoe, R, Dilling, J, Dolgolenko, A, Dolinski, MJ, Echevers, J, Fairbank, W, Fairbank, D, Farine, J, Feyzbakhsh, S, Fierlinger, P, Fudenberg, D, Gautam, P, Gornea, R, Gratta, G, Hall, C, Hansen, EV, Hoessl, J, Hufschmidt, P, Hughes, M, Iverson, A, Jamil, A, Jessiman, C, Jewell, MJ, Johnson, A, Karelin, A, Kaufman, LJ, Koffas, T, Krücken, R, Kuchenkov, A, Kumar, KS, Lan, Y, Larson, A, Lenardo, BG, Leonard, DS, Li, GS, Li, S, Li, Z, Licciardi, C, Lin, YH, MacLellan, R, McElroy, T, Michel, T, Mong, B, Moore, DC, Murray, K, Njoya, O, Nusair, O, Odian, A, Ostrovskiy, I, Perna, A, Piepke, A, Pocar, A, Retière, F, Robinson, AL, Rowson, PC, Ruddell, D, Runge, J, Schmidt, S, Sinclair, D, Skarpaas, K, Soma, AK, Stekhanov, V, Tarka, M, Thibado, S, Todd, J, Tolba, T, Totev, TI, Tsang, R, Veenstra, B, Veeraraghavan, V, Vogel, P, Vuilleumier, J-L, Wagenpfeil, M, Watkins, J, Weber, M, Wen, LJ, Wichoski, U, Wrede, G, and Wu, SX
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract: A search for Majoron-emitting modes of the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe136 is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset. This dataset consists of a total Xe136 exposure of 234.1 kg·yr, and includes data with detector upgrades that have improved the energy threshold relative to previous searches. A lower limit of T1/2Xe136>4.3×1024 yr at 90% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index n=1 Majoron decay was obtained, a factor of 3.6 more stringent than the previous limit from EXO-200 and a factor of 1.6 more stringent than the previous best limit from KamLAND-Zen. This limit corresponds to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant of |geeM|
Published: 2021

27. Proton inelastic scattering reveals deformation in 8He

Author: Holl, M, Kanungo, R, Sun, ZH, Hagen, G, Lay, JA, Moro, AM, Navrátil, P, Papenbrock, T, Alcorta, M, Connolly, D, Davids, B, Varela, A Diaz, Gennari, M, Hackman, G, Henderson, J, Ishimoto, S, Kilic, AI, Krücken, R, Lennarz, A, Liang, J, Measures, J, Mittig, W, Paetkau, O, Psaltis, A, Quaglioni, S, Randhawa, JS, Smallcombe, J, Thompson, IJ, Vorabbi, M, and Williams, M
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: A measurement of proton inelastic scattering of 8He at 8.25A MeV at TRIUMF shows a resonance at 3.54(6) MeV with a width of 0.89(11) MeV. The energy of the state is in good agreement with coupled cluster and no-core shell model with continuum calculations, with the latter successfully describing the measured resonance width as well. Its differential cross section analyzed with phenomenological collective excitation form factor and microscopic coupled reaction channels framework consistently reveals a large deformation parameter β2 = 0.40(3), consistent with no-core shell model predictions of a large neutron deformation. This deformed double-closed shell at the neutron drip-line opens a new paradigm.
Published: 2021

28. Event Reconstruction in a Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber with an Optically-Open Field Cage

Author: Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J. P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment using liquid ${}^{136}Xe$ (LXe) in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to read out ionization and scintillation signals. Between the field cage and the LXe vessel, a layer of LXe ("skin" LXe) is present, where no ionization signal is collected. Only scintillation photons are detected, owing to the lack of optical barrier around the field cage. In this work, we show that the light originating in the skin LXe region can be used to improve background discrimination by 5% over previous published estimates. This improvement comes from two elements. First, a fraction of the $\gamma$-ray background is removed by identifying light from interactions with an energy deposition in the skin LXe. Second, background from ${}^{222}Rn$ dissolved in the skin LXe can be efficiently rejected by tagging the $\alpha$ decay in the ${}^{214}Bi-{}^{214}Po$ chain in the skin LXe., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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29. Single-particle structure in neutron-rich Sr isotopes approaching the N = 60 shape transition

Author: Cruz, S., Wimmer, K., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bender, P. C., Hackman, G., Krücken, R., Ames, F., Andreoiu, C., Austin, R. A. E., Bancroft, C. S., Braid, R., Bruhn, T., Catford, W. N., Cheeseman, A., Chester, A., Cross, D. S., Diget, C. Aa., Drake, T., Garnsworthy, A. B., Kanungo, R., Knapton, A., Korten, W., Kuhn, K., Lassen, J., Laxdal, R., Marchetto, M., Matta, A., Miller, D., Moukaddam, M., Orr, N. A., Sachmpazidi, N., Sanetullaev, A., Svensson, C. E., Terpstra, N., Unsworth, C., and Voss, P. J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Background: Neutron-rich nuclei around neutron number N = 60 show a dramatic shape transition from spherical ground states to prolate deformation in 98Sr and heavier nuclei. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the single-particle structure approaching the shape transitional region. Method: The level structures of neutron-rich 93,94,95Sr were studied via the d(94,95,96Sr,t) one-neutron stripping reactions at TRIUMF using a beam energy of 5.5 AMeV. {\gamma}-rays emitted from excited states and recoiling charged particles were detected by using the TIGRESS and SHARC arrays, respectively. States were identified by gating on the excitation energy and, if possible, the coincident {\gamma} radiation. Results: Triton angular distributions for the reactions populating states in ejectile nuclei 93,94,95Sr were compared with distorted wave Born approximation calculations to assign and revise spin and parity quantum numbers and extract spectroscopic factors. The results were compared with shell model calculations and the reverse (d,p) reactions and good agreement was obtained. Conclusions: The results for the d(94Sr,t)93Sr and d(95Sr,t)94Sr reactions are in good agreement with shell model calculations. A two level mixing analysis for the 0+ states in 94Sr suggest strong mixing of two shapes. For the d(96Sr,t)95Sr reaction the agreement with the shell model is less good. The configuration of the ground state of 96Sr is already more complex than predicted, and therefore indications for the shape transition can already be observed before N = 60., Comment: accepted for publication in PRC
Published: 2020

30. Decay Spectroscopy of $^{129}$Cd

Author: Saito, Y., Dillmann, I., Krücken, R., Bernier, N., Ball, G. C., Bowry, M., Andreoiu, C., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Boubel, P., Burbadge, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Dunlop, M. R., Dunlop, R., Evitts, L. J., Garcia, F. H., Garnsworthy, A. B., Garrett, P. E., Grawe, H., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Henderson, J., Ilyushkin, S., Jungclaus, A., Kisliuk, D., Lassen, J., Li, R., MacConnachie, E., MacLean, A. D., McGee, E., Moukaddam, M., Olaizola, B., Padilla-Rodal, E., Park, J., Paetkau, O., Petrache, C. M., Pore, J. L., Radich, A. J., Ruotsalainen, P., Smallcombe, J., Smith, J. K., Svensson, C. E., Teigelhöfer, A., Turko, J., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Excited states of $^{129}$In populated following the $\beta$-decay of $^{129}$Cd were experimentally studied with the GRIFFIN spectrometer at the ISAC facility of TRIUMF, Canada. A 480-MeV proton beam was impinged on a uranium carbide target and $^{129}$Cd was extracted using the Ion Guide Laser Ion Source (IG-LIS). $\beta$- and $\gamma$-rays following the decay of $^{129}$Cd were detected with the GRIFFIN spectrometer comprising the plastic scintillator SCEPTAR and 16 high-purity germanium (HPGe) clover-type detectors. %, along with the $\beta$-particles were detected with SCEPTAR. From the $\beta$-$\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidence analysis, 32 new transitions and 7 new excited states were established, expanding the previously known level scheme of $^{129}$In. The $\log ft$ values deduced from the $\beta$-feeding intensities suggest that some of the high-lying states were populated by the $\nu 0 g_{7/2} \rightarrow \pi 0 g_{9/2}$ allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transition, which indicates that the allowed GT transition is more dominant in the $^{129}$Cd decay than previously reported. Observation of fragmented Gamow-Teller strengths is consistent with theoretical calculations., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Physical Review C
Published: 2020
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31. Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM): A Novel Mechanical Ventilator Designed for Mass Scale Production in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Galbiati, C., Abba, A., Agnes, P., Amaudruz, P., Arba, M., Ardellier-Desages, F., Badia, C., Batignani, G., Bellani, G., Bianchi, G., Bishop, D., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Bouchard, M., Brice, S., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Caminata, A., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Carlini, M., Carrozzi, L., Cela, J. M., Celano, B., Charette, C., Coelli, S., Constable, M., Cocco, V., Croci, G., Cudmore, S., Molin, A. Dal, D'Auria, S., D'Avenio, G., DeRuiter, J., De Cecco, S., De Lauretis, L., Del Tutto, M., Devoto, A., Dinon, T., Druszkiewicz, E., Fabbri, A., Ferroni, F., Fiorillo, G., Ford, R., Foti, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Abia, P. Garcia, Giarratana, L. S., Givoletti, J., Givoletti, Mi., Gorini, G., Gramellini, E., Grosso, G., Guescini, F., Guetre, E., Hadden, T., Hall, J., Heavey, A., Hersak, G., Hessey, N., Ianni, An., Ienzi, C., Ippolito, V., Kendziora, C. L., King, M., Kittmer, A., Kochanek, I., Kruecken, R., La Commara, M., Leblond, G., Li, X., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Lombardi, T., Long, T., Lu, P., Lukhanin, G., Magni, G., Maharaj, R., Malosio, M., Mapelli, C., Maqueo, P., Margetak, P., Mari, S. M., Martin, L., Massacret, N., McDonald, A., Minuzzo, D., Mohayai, T. A., Tosatti, L. Molinari, Moretti, C., Muraro, A., Nati, F., Noble, A. J., Norrick, A., Olchanski, K., Palumbo, I., Paoletti, R., Paoli, N., Pearson, C., Pellegrino, C., Pesudo, V., Pocar, A., Pontesilli, M., Pordes, R., Pordes, S., Prini, A., Putignano, O., Raaf, J. L., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Reed, D., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rode, J., Romualdez, L. J., Santorelli, R., Sablone, D., Scapparone, E., Schaubel, T., Shaw, B., Slutsky, A. S., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Spagnolo, P., Spinella, F., Stenzler, A., Steri, A., Stiaccini, L., Stoughton, C., Stringari, P., Tardocchi, M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tintori, C., Tonazzo, A., Tseng, J., Viscione, E., Vivaldi, F., Wada, M., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Yue, S., and Zardoni, A.
Subjects: Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract: Presented here is the design of the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel mechanical ventilator designed for rapid mass production in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to address the urgent shortage of intensive therapy ventilators in many countries, and the growing difficulty in procuring these devices through normal supply chains across borders. This ventilator is an electro-mechanical equivalent of the old and reliable Manley Ventilator, and is able to operate in both pressure-controlled and pressure-supported ventilation modes. MVM is optimized for the COVID-19 emergency, thanks to the collaboration with medical doctors in the front line. MVM is designed for large-scale production in a short amount of time and at a limited cost, as it relays on off-the-shelf components, readily available worldwide. Operation of the MVM requires only a source of compressed oxygen (or compressed medical air) and electrical power. Initial tests of a prototype device with a breathing simulator are also presented. Further tests and developments are underway. At this stage the MVM is not yet a certified medical device but certification is in progress.
Published: 2020
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32. Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the beta-decay of 137Xe to the Ground State of 137Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory

Author: Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kostensalo, J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Suhonen, J., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay transition $^{137}\textrm{Xe}(7/2^-)\to\,^{137}\textrm{Cs}(7/2^+)$. The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultra-low background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal-to-background ratio of more than 99-to-1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump., Comment: Version as accepted by PRL
Published: 2020
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33. An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Author: Tsang, R.H.M., Piepke, A., Al Kharusi, S., Angelico, E., Arnquist, I.J., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E.P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P.A., Brodsky, J.P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G.F., Cao, L.Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, C., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S.A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Cohen, J.R., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Darroch, L., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M.L., Ding, Y.Y., Dolinski, M.J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y.S., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y.D., Hardy, C.A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E.W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jiang, X.S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L.J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K.S., Larson, A., Leach, K.G., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Moore, D.C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C.R., Ngwadla, X.E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S.C., Nzobadila Ondze, J.C., Orrell, J.L., Ortega, G.S., Overman, C.T., Peltz-Smalley, H., Perna, A., Pinto Franco, T., Pocar, A., Pratte, J.-F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rebeiro, B.M., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rowson, P.C., Roy, N., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A.K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X.L., Teimoori Barakoohi, E., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O.A., Underwood, R., van Bruggen, E., Veeraraghavan, V., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q.D., Wang, W., Wang, Y.G., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L.J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S., Wu, X.M., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.
Published: 2023
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34. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author: Lv, P., Cao, G. F., Wen, L. J., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. We report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in a vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 nm to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of a FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.
Published: 2019
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35. Single-Particle Structure of Neutron-Rich Sr Isotopes Via d( 94,95,96 Sr, p) Reactions

Author: Cruz, S., Wimmer, K., Bender, P. C., Krücken, R., Hackman, G., Ames, F., Andreoiu, C., Austin, R. A. E., Bancroft, C. S., Braid, R., Bruhn, T., Catford, W. N., Cheeseman, A., Chester, A., Cross, D. S., Diget, C. Aa., Drake, T., Garnsworthy, A. B., Kanungo, R., Knapton, A., Korten, W., Kuhn, K., Lassen, J., Laxdal, R., Marchetto, M., Matta, A., Miller, D., Moukaddam, M., Orr, N. A., Sachmpazidi, N., Sanetullaev, A., Svensson, C. E., Terpstra, N., Unsworth, C., and Voss, P. J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The region around neutron number N = 60 in the neutron-rich Sr and Zr nuclei is one of the most dramatic examples of a ground state shape transition from (near) spherical below N = 60 to strongly deformed shapes in the heavier isotopes. The single-particle structure of 95-97Sr approaching the ground state shape transition at 98 Sr has been investigated via single-neutron transfer reactions using the (d, p) reaction in inverse kinematics. These reactions selectively populate states with a large overlap of the projectile ground state coupled to a neutron in a single-particle orbital. Radioactive 94,95,96Sr nuclei with energies of 5.5 AMeV were used to bombard a CD 2 target. Recoiling light charged particles and {\gamma} rays were detected using a quasi-4{\pi} silicon strip detector array and a 12 element Ge array. The excitation energy of states populated was reconstructed employing the missing mass method combined with {\gamma}-ray tagging and differential cross sections for final states were extracted. A reaction model analysis of the angular distributions allowed for firm spin assignments to be made for the low-lying 352, 556 and 681 keV excited states in 95Sr and a constraint has been placed on the spin of the higher-lying 1666 keV state. Angular distributions have been extracted for 10 states populated in the d(95Sr,p)96Sr reaction, and constraints have been provided for the spins and parities of several final states. Results are compared to shell model calculations in several model spaces and the structure of low-lying states in 94Sr and 95Sr is well-described. The spectroscopic strength of the 0+ and 2 states in 96Sr is significantly more fragmented than predicted., Comment: PRC accepted
Published: 2019

36. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Author: Nakarmi, P., Ostrovskiy, I., Soma, A. K., Retiere, F., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößle, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, l J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, r V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST
Published: 2019
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37. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author: Li, Z., Cen, W. R., Robinson, A., Moore, D. C., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed experiment to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in a tonne-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The nEXO TPC will be equipped with charge collection tiles to form the anode. In this work, the charge reconstruction performance of this anode design is studied with a dedicated simulation package. A multi-variate method and a deep neural network are developed to distinguish simulated $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from backgrounds arising from trace levels of natural radioactivity in the detector materials. These simulations indicate that the nEXO TPC with charge-collection tiles shows promising capability to discriminate the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal from backgrounds. The estimated half-life sensitivity for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is improved by $\sim$20$~(32)\%$ with the multi-variate~(deep neural network) methods considered here, relative to the sensitivity estimated in the nEXO pre-conceptual design report.
Published: 2019
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38. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset

Author: Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{136}$Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between $0\nu\beta\beta$ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4$\pm$3.0% and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q-value of $^{136}$Xe $0\nu\beta\beta$ has been improved from $\sigma/E=1.23\%$ to $1.15\pm0.02\%$ with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is $5.0 \cdot 10^{25}$ yr with a total $^{136}$Xe exposure of 234.1 kg$\cdot$yr. No statistically significant evidence for $0\nu\beta\beta$ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life of $3.5\cdot10^{25}$ yr at the 90% confidence level., Comment: v1, 7 pages, 5 figures; v2, fix references; v3, update to accepted version
Published: 2019
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39. Weakly Bound Neutron-Rich Nuclei and Cosmic Phenomena

Author: Datta, Ushasi, Rahaman, A., Chakraborty, S., Agrawal, B. K., Aumann, T., Boretzky, K., Caesar, C., Emling, H., Geissel, H., Langer, C., Bleis, T. Le, Leifels, Y., Marganiec, J., Münzenberg, G., Nociforo, C., Plag, R., Reinferth, R., Ricciardi, V., Rossi, D., Scheidenberger, C., Simon, H., Typel, S., Volkov, V., Wamers, F., Winfield, J. S., Weick, H., Jonson, B., Johansson, H., Nilsson, T., Wagner, A., Angelis, G. De., Carlson, B. V., Kröll, T., Scheit, H., Krücken, R., Catford, W. N., Novo, S. Beceiro, Cortina, D., Fernandez, P. Diaz, Taylor, J., and Chartier, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The single particle and bulk properties of the neutron-rich nuclei constrain fundamental issues in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics like the limits of existence of quantum many body systems (atomic nuclei), the equation of state of neutron-rich matter, neutron star, nucleosynthesis, evolution of stars, neutron star merging etc.. The state of the art of Coulomb breakup of the neutron-rich nuclei has been used to explore those properties. Unambiguous information on detailed components of the ground-state wave-function along with quantum numbers of the valence neutron of the nuclei have been obtained from the measurement of threshold strength along with the $\gamma$-rays spectra of the core following Coulomb breakup. The shape of this threshold strength is a finger-print of the quantum numbers of the nucleon. We investigated the ground-state properties of the neutron-rich Na, Mg, Al nuclei around N $\sim$ 20 using this method at GSI, Darmstadt. Very clear evidence has been observed for melting and merging of long cherished magic shell gaps at N = 20, 28. The evanescent neutron-rich nuclei imprint their existence in stellar explosive scenarios (r-process etc.). Coulomb dissociation (CD) is one of the important indirect measurements of the capture cross-section which may provide valuable input to the model for star evolution process, particularly the r-process. Some valuable bulk properties of the neutron-rich nuclei like the density dependent symmetry energy,neutron skin etc. play a key role in understanding cosmic phenomena and these properties have been studied via electromagnetic excitation. Preliminary results of electromagnetic excitation of the neutron-rich nucleus, $^{32}$Mg are presented., Comment: Talk presented CIPANP2018. 9 pages, LaTeX, 10 eps figures
Published: 2018

40. Half-Lives of Neutron Rich $^{130}$Cd and $^{131}$In

Author: Dunlop, R., Svensson, C. E., Andreoiu, C., Ball, G. C., Bernier, N., Bildstein, V., Bidaman, H., Boubel, P., Burbadge, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Dillmann, I., Dunlop, M. R., Evitts, L. J., Garcia, F. H., Garnsworthy, A. B., Garrett, P. E., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Henderson, J., Ilyushkin, S., Jungclaus, A., Krücken, R., Lassen, J., Li, R., MacConnachie, E., MacLean, A. D., McGee, E., Moukaddam, M., Mücher, D., Olaizola, B., Ortner, K., Padilla-Rodal, E., Park, J., Paetkau, O., Pore, J. L., Radich, A. J., Ruotsalainen, P., Smallcombe, J., Smith, J. K., Teigelhöfer, A., Turko, J., Whitmore, K., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The half-lives of isotopes around the $N=82$ shell closure are an important ingredient in astrophysical simulations and strongly influence the magnitude of the second $r$-process abundance peak in the $A\sim130$ region. The most neutron-rich $N=82$ nuclei are not accessible to the current generation of radioactive beam facilities and $r$-process simulations must therefore rely on calculations of the half-lives of the isotopes involved. Half-life measurements of the experimentally accessible nuclei in this region are important in order to benchmark these calculations. The half-life of $^{130}$Cd is particularly important as it is used to tune the Gamow-Teller quenching in shell-model calculations for the $\beta$ decay of other nuclei in this region. In this work, the GRIFFIN $\gamma$-ray spectrometer at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility was used to measure the half-life of $^{130}_{~48}$Cd$_{82}$ to be $T_{1/2}= 126(4)$ ms. In addition, the half-lives of the three $\beta$ decaying states of $^{131}_{~49}$In$_{82}$ were measured to be $T_{1/2}(1/2^-)=328(15)$ ms, $T_{1/2}(9/2^+)=265(8)$ ms, and $T_{1/2}(21/2^+)=323(50)$ ms, respectively, providing an important benchmark for half-life calculations in this region., Comment: Talk presented CIPANP2018. 9 pages, LaTeX, 5 pdf figures, 1 png figure
Published: 2018

41. High-resolution (p,t) reaction measurements as spectroscopic tests of {\it ab-initio} theory in the mid $pf$-shell

Author: Leach, K. G., Holt, J. D., Garrett, P. E., Stroberg, S. R., Ball, G. C., Bender, P. C., Bildstein, V., Varela, A. Diaz, Dunlop, R., Faestermann, T., Hadinia, B., Hertenberger, R., Jamieson, D. S., Jigmeddorj, B., Krücken, R., Laffoley, A. T., Radich, A. J., Rand, E. T., Svensson, C. E., Triambak, S., and Wirth, H. -F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Detailed spectroscopic measurements of excited states in $^{50}$Cr and $^{62}$Zn were performed using 24~MeV (p,t) transfer reactions on $^{52}$Cr and $^{64}$Zn, respectively. In total, forty-five states in $^{50}$Cr and sixty-seven states in $^{62}$Zn were observed up to excitation energies of 5.5~MeV, including several previously unobserved states. These experimental results are compared to {\it ab-initio} shell-model calculations using chiral effective field theory ($\chi$-EFT) with the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group (VS-IMSRG) method. This comparison demonstrates good agreement in the level orderings with these new theoretical methods, albeit with a slight over binding in the calculations. This work is part of a continued push to benchmark {\it ab-initio} theoretical techniques to nuclear structure data in $0^+\rightarrow0^+$ superallowed Fermi $\beta$ decay systems., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review C as a Regular Article. 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
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42. The GRIFFIN Facility for Decay-Spectroscopy Studies at TRIUMF-ISAC

Author: Garnsworthy, A. B., Svensson, C. E., Bowry, M., Dunlop, R., MacLean, A. D., Olaizola, B., Smith, J. K., Ali, F. A., Andreoiu, C., Ash, J. E., Ashfield, W. H., Ball, G. C., Ballast, T., Bartlett, C., Beadle, Z., Bender, P. C., Bernier, N., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Bishop, D., Boubel, P., Braid, R., Brennan, D., Bruhn, T., Burbadge, C., Cheeseman, A., Chester, A., Churchman, R., Ciccone, S., Caballero-Folch, R., Cross, D. S., Cruz, S., Davids, B., Varela, A. Diaz, Dillmann, I., Dunlop, M. R., Evitts, L. J., Garcia, F. H., Garrett, P. E., Georges, S., Gillespie, S., Gudapati, R., Hackman, G., Hadinia, B., Hallam, S., Henderson, J., Ilyushkin, S. V., Jigmeddorj, B., Kilic, A. I., Kisliuk, D., Kokke, R., Kuhn, K., Kruecken, R., Kuwabara, M., Laffoley, A. T., Lafleur, R., Leach, K. G., Leslie, J. R., Linn, Y., Lim, C., MacConnachie, E., Mathews, A. R., McGee, E., Measures, J., Miller, D., Mills, W. J., Moore, W., Morris, D., Morrison, L. N., Moukaddam, M., Natzke, C. R., Ortner, K., Padilla-Rodal, E., Paetkau, O., Park, J., Patel, H. P., Pearson, C. J., Peters, E., Peters, E. E., Pore, J. L., Radich, A. J., Rajabali, M. M., Rand, E. T., Raymond, K., Rizwan, U., Ruotsalainen, P., Saito, Y., Sarazin, F., Shaw, B., Smallcombe, J., Southall, D., Starosta, K., Ticu, M., Timakova, E., Turko, J., Umashankar, R., Unsworth, C., Wang, Z. M., Whitmore, K., Wong, S., Yates, S. W., Zganjar, E. F., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Gamma-Ray Infrastructure For Fundamental Investigations of Nuclei, GRIFFIN, is a new high-efficiency $\gamma$-ray spectrometer designed for use in decay spectroscopy experiments with low-energy radioactive ion beams provided by TRIUMF's Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC-I) facility. GRIFFIN is composed of sixteen Compton-suppressed large-volume clover-type high-purity germanium (HPGe) $\gamma$-ray detectors combined with a suite of ancillary detection systems and coupled to a custom digital data acquisition system. The infrastructure and detectors of the spectrometer as well as the performance characteristics and the analysis techniques applied to the experimental data are described.
Published: 2018
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43. Shape Coexistence and Mixing of Low-Lying $0^+$ States in $^{96}$Sr

Author: Cruz, S., Bender, P. C., Krücken, R., Wimmer, K., Ames, F., Andreoiu, C., Austin, R. A. E., Bancroft, C. S., Braid, R., Bruhn, T., Catford, W. N., Cheeseman, A., Chester, A., Cross, D. S., Diget, C. Aa., Drake, T., Garnsworthy, A. B., Hackman, G., Kanungo, R., Knapton, A., Korten, W., Kuhn, K., Lassen, J., Laxdal, R., Marchetto, M., Matta, A., Miller, D., Moukaddam, M., Orr, N. A., Sachmpazidi, N., Sanetullaev, A., Svensson, C. E., Terpstra, N., Unsworth, C., and Voss, P. J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The low energy excited $0_{2,3}^+$ states in $^{96}$Sr are amongst the most prominent examples of shape coexistence across the nuclear landscape. In this work, the neutron $[2s_{1/2}]^2$ content of the $0_{1,2,3}^+$ states in $^{96}$Sr was determined by means of the d($^{95}$Sr,p) transfer reaction at the TRIUMF-ISAC2 facility using the SHARC and TIGRESS arrays. Spectroscopic factors of 0.19(3) and 0.22(3) were extracted for the $^{96}$Sr ground and 1229~keV $0^+$ states, respectively, by fitting the experimental angular distributions to DWBA reaction model calculations. A detailed analysis of the $\gamma$-decay of the isomeric $0_3^+$ state was used to determine a spectroscopic factor of 0.33(13). The experimental results are compared to shell model calculations, which predict negligible spectroscopic strength for the excited $0^+$ states in $^{96}$Sr. The strengths of the excited $0_{2,3}^+$ states were also analyzed within a two-level mixing model and are consistent with a mixing strength of $a^2$=0.40(14) and a difference in intrinsic deformations of $|\Delta \beta|=0.31(3)$. These results suggest coexistence of three different configurations in $^{96}$Sr and strong shape mixing of the two excited $0^+$ states., Comment: Phys Lett B accepted
Published: 2018
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44. In-beam internal conversion electron spectroscopy with the SPICE detector

Author: Moukaddam, M., Smallcombe, J., Evitts, L. J., Garnsworthy, A. B., Andreoiu, C., Ball, G. C., Berean-Dutcher, J., Bishop, D., Bolton, C., Caballero-Folch, R., Constable, M., Cross, D. S., Drake, T. E., Dunlop, R., Garrett, P. E., Georges, S., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Henderson, J., Henderson, R., Krücken, R., Kurchaninov, L., Kurkjian, A., Olaizola, B., O'Sullivan, E., Lu, P., Park, J., Peters, E. E., Pore, J. L., Rand, E. T., Ruotsalainen, P., Smith, J. K., Southall, D., Spencer, M., Svensson, C. E., Wiens, M., Williams, M., Yates, S. W., and Zidar, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The SPectrometer for Internal Conversion Electrons (SPICE) has been commissioned for use in conjunction with the TIGRESS $\gamma$-ray spectrometer at TRIUMF's ISAC-II facility. SPICE features a permanent rare-earth magnetic lens to collect and direct internal conversion electrons emitted from nuclear reactions to a thick, highly segmented, lithium-drifted silicon detector. This arrangement, combined with TIGRESS, enables in-beam $\gamma$-ray and internal conversion electron spectroscopy to be performed with stable and radioactive ion beams. Technical aspects of the device, capabilities, and initial performance are presented.
Published: 2018
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45. Study of Silicon Photomultiplier Performance in External Electric Fields

Author: Sun, X. L., Tolba, T., Cao, G. F., Lv, P., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Vachon, F., Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables and two conferences (INPC2016 and TIPP2017)
Published: 2018
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46. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author: Chambers, C., Walton, T., Fairbank, D., Craycraft, A., Yahne, D. R., Todd, J., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Alamare, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, T. I. Totev. R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.
Published: 2018

47. VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author: Jamil, A., Ziegler, T., Hufschmidt, P., Li, G., Lupin-Jimenez, L., Michel, T., Ostrovskiy, I., Retière, F., Schneider, J., Wagenpfeil, M., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., Belov, V., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Overman, C. T., Ortega, G. S., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wang, Q., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $\sigma / Q_{\beta\beta} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
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48. nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Kharusi, S. Al, Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Danovitch, D., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasi, J., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kenney, C., Killick, R., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, C. M., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Nguyen, T., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Patel, M., Peña-Perez, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Segal, J., Skarpaas~VIII, K., Soma, A. K., Spitaels, K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The projected performance and detector configuration of nEXO are described in this pre-Conceptual Design Report (pCDR). nEXO is a tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay search in $^{136}$Xe, based on the ultra-low background liquid xenon technology validated by EXO-200. With $\simeq$ 5000 kg of xenon enriched to 90% in the isotope 136, nEXO has a projected half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years. This represents an improvement in sensitivity of about two orders of magnitude with respect to current results. Based on the experience gained from EXO-200 and the effectiveness of xenon purification techniques, we expect the background to be dominated by external sources of radiation. The sensitivity increase is, therefore, entirely derived from the increase of active mass in a monolithic and homogeneous detector, along with some technical advances perfected in the course of a dedicated R&D program. Hence the risk which is inherent to the construction of a large, ultra-low background detector is reduced, as the intrinsic radioactive contamination requirements are generally not beyond those demonstrated with the present generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiments. Indeed, most of the required materials have been already assayed or reasonable estimates of their properties are at hand. The details described herein represent the base design of the detector configuration as of early 2018. Where potential design improvements are possible, alternatives are discussed. This design for nEXO presents a compelling path towards a next generation search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, with a substantial possibility to discover physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 182 pages, minor revisions
Published: 2018

49. Deep Neural Networks for Energy and Position Reconstruction in EXO-200

Author: Delaquis, S., Jewell, M. J., Ostrovskiy, I., Weber, M., Ziegler, T., Dalmasson, J., Kaufman, L. J., Richards, T., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Veeraraghavan, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Watkins, J., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We apply deep neural networks (DNN) to data from the EXO-200 experiment. In the studied cases, the DNN is able to reconstruct the relevant parameters - total energy and position - directly from raw digitized waveforms, with minimal exceptions. For the first time, the developed algorithms are evaluated on real detector calibration data. The accuracy of reconstruction either reaches or exceeds what was achieved by the conventional approaches developed by EXO-200 over the course of the experiment. Most existing DNN approaches to event reconstruction and classification in particle physics are trained on Monte Carlo simulated events. Such algorithms are inherently limited by the accuracy of the simulation. We describe a unique approach that, in an experiment such as EXO-200, allows to successfully perform certain reconstruction and analysis tasks by training the network on waveforms from experimental data, either reducing or eliminating the reliance on the Monte Carlo., Comment: Accepted version. 33 pages, 28 figures
Published: 2018
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50. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author: Chambers, C, Walton, T, Fairbank, D, Craycraft, A, Yahne, DR, Todd, J, Iverson, A, Fairbank, W, Alamare, A, Albert, JB, Anton, G, Arnquist, IJ, Badhrees, I, Barbeau, PS, Beck, D, Belov, V, Bhatta, T, Bourque, F, Brodsky, JP, Brown, E, Brunner, T, Burenkov, A, Cao, GF, Cao, L, Cen, WR, Charlebois, SA, Chiu, M, Cleveland, B, Coon, M, Cree, W, Côté, M, Dalmasson, J, Daniels, T, Darroch, L, Daugherty, SJ, Daughhetee, J, Delaquis, S, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A Der, DeVoe, R, Dilling, J, Ding, YY, Dolinski, MJ, Dragone, A, Echevers, J, Fabris, L, Farine, J, Feyzbakhsh, S, Fontaine, R, Fudenberg, D, Giacomini, G, Gornea, R, Gratta, G, Hansen, EV, Heffner, M, Hoppe, EW, Hößl, J, House, A, Hufschmidt, P, Hughes, M, Ito, Y, Jamil, A, Jessiman, C, Jewell, MJ, Jiang, XS, Karelin, A, Kaufman, LJ, Kodroff, D, Koffas, T, Kravitz, S, Krücken, R, Kuchenkov, A, Kumar, KS, Lan, Y, Larson, A, Leonard, DS, Li, G, Li, S, Li, Z, Licciardi, C, Lin, YH, Lv, P, MacLellan, R, Michel, T, Mong, B, Moore, DC, Murray, K, Newby, RJ, Ning, Z, Njoya, O, Nolet, F, Nusair, O, Odgers, K, Odian, A, Oriunno, M, Orrell, JL, Ortega, GS, Ostrovskiy, I, Overman, CT, Parent, S, and Piepke, A
Subjects: physics.ins-det, nucl-ex, Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, nEXO Collaboration, General Science & Technology
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamentalproperties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrinoare distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so backgroundreduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. Theidentification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double betadecay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in thenEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied inthis work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon,where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenonmatrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of bariumin solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrixdeposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, thefluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the backgroundlevel, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescencepersists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%.This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid nobleelement. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique fornEXO.
Published: 2019

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