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1. The Causes and Consequences of Refugee Flows: A Contemporary Reanalysis

Author

SHAVER, ANDREW, KRICK, BENJAMIN, BLANCAFLOR, JUDY, LIU, XAVIER, SAMARA, GHASSAN, KU, SARAH YEIN, HU, SHENGKUO, ANGELO, JOSHUA, CARREON, MARTHA, LIM, TRISHIA, RAPS, RACHEL, VELASQUEZ, ALYSSA, DE MELO, SOFIA, and ZUO, ZHANYI

Subjects
Political Science, Human Society, Political Science & Public Administration, Political science
Abstract

The world faces a forced displacement crisis. Tens of millions of individuals have been forced across international boundaries worldwide. Therefore, the causes and consequences of refugee flows are the subjects of significant social science inquiry. Unfortunately, the historical lack of reliable data on actual refugee flows, country-specific data reporting timelines, and more general pre-2000 data quality issues have significantly limited empirical inferences on these topics. We replicate 28 articles on these topics using data newly released after a multiyear collaboration with the United Nations on annual dyadic flows. We observe major inconsistencies between the newly released flow numbers and the stock-based flow estimates upon which decades of research are based; we also find widespread inappropriate treatment of missing historical values. When we replicate the existing literature using the newly introduced flow data, correcting the treatment of missing historical values, and temporally extending/restricting the study periods, we produce significantly different results.

Published
2024

2. Understanding the Relationship between Social Distancing Policies, Traffic Volume, Air Quality, and the Prevalence of COVID-19 Outcomes in Urban Neighborhoods

Author

Mendoza, Daniel L., Benney, Tabitha M., Ganguli, Rajive, Pothina, Rambabu, Krick, Benjamin, Pirozzi, Cheryl S., Crosman, Erik T., and Zhang, Yue

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Economics - General Economics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented policies to curb the spread of the novel virus. Little is known about how these policies impact various groups in society. This paper explores the relationship between social distancing policies, traffic volumes and air quality and how they impact various socioeconomic groups. This study aims to understand how disparate communities respond to Stay-at-Home Orders and other social distancing policies to understand how human behavior in response to policy may play a part in the prevalence of COVID-19 positive cases. We collected data on traffic density, air quality, socio-economic status, and positive cases rates of COVID-19 for each zip code of Salt Lake County, Utah (USA) between February 17 and June 12, 2020. We studied the impact of social distancing policies across three periods of policy implementation. We found that wealthier and whiter zip codes experienced a greater reduction in traffic and air pollution during the Stay-at-Home period. However, air quality did not necessarily follow traffic volumes in every case due to the complexity of interactions between emissions and meteorology. We also found a strong relationship between lower socioeconomic status and positive COVID-19 rates. This study provides initial evidence for social distancing's effectiveness in limiting the spread of COVID-19, while providing insight into how socioeconomic status has compounded vulnerability during this crisis. Behavior restrictions disproportionately benefit whiter and wealthier communities both through protection from spread of COVID-19 and reduction in air pollution. Such findings may be further compounded by the impacts of air pollution, which likely exacerbate COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates. Policy makers need to consider adapting social distancing policies to maximize equity in health protection., Comment: 34 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020
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4. The Causes and Consequences of Refugee Flows: A Contemporary Reanalysis

Author

SHAVER, ANDREW, primary, KRICK, BENJAMIN, additional, BLANCAFLOR, JUDY, additional, LIU, XAVIER, additional, SAMARA, GHASSAN, additional, KU, SARAH YEIN, additional, HU, SHENGKUO, additional, ANGELO, JOSHUA, additional, CARREON, MARTHA, additional, LIM, TRISHIA, additional, RAPS, RACHEL, additional, VELASQUEZ, ALYSSA, additional, DE MELO, SOFIA, additional, and ZUO, ZHANYI, additional

Published
2024
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5. Supplemental Table 4 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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6. Supplemental Table 1 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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7. Data from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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8. Supplemental Table 3 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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9. Supplemental Methods and Results from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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10. Supplemental Table 5 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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11. Supplemental Table 2 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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12. Supplemental Table 6 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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13. Supplemental Table 7 from New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, primary, Winn, Maci, primary, Anderson, Garnet L., primary, Haaland, Benjamin, primary, Krick, Benjamin, primary, Thomson, Cynthia A., primary, Shadyab, Aladdin, primary, Luo, Juhua, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Strickler, Howard D., primary, Chlebowski, Rowan, primary, Arthur, Rhonda S., primary, Summers, Scott A., primary, Holland, William L., primary, Jalili, Thunder, primary, and Playdon, Mary C., primary

Published
2023
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14. New-onset diabetes after an obesity-related cancer diagnosis and survival outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative

Author

Karra, Prasoona, primary, Hardikar, Sheetal, additional, Winn, Maci, additional, Anderson, Garnet L., additional, Haaland, Benjamin, additional, Krick, Benjamin, additional, Thomson, Cynthia A., additional, Shadyab, Aladdin, additional, Luo, Juhua, additional, Saquib, Nazmus, additional, Strickler, Howard D., additional, Chlebowski, Rowan, additional, Arthur, Rhonda S., additional, Summers, Scott A., additional, Holland, William L., additional, Jalili, Thunder, additional, and Playdon, Mary C., additional

Published
2023
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15. Reliability estimates for assessing meal timing derived from longitudinal repeated 24-hour dietary recalls

Author

Peterson, Lacie M., primary, Lee, Hyejung, additional, Huybrechts, Inge, additional, Biessy, Carine, additional, Neuhouser, Marian L., additional, Haaland, Benjamin, additional, Krick, Benjamin, additional, Gunter, Marc, additional, Schulze, Matthias B., additional, Jannasch, Franziska, additional, Coletta, Adriana M., additional, Hardikar, Sheetal, additional, Chaix, Amandine, additional, Bauer, Cici X., additional, Xiao, Qian, additional, and Playdon, Mary C., additional

Published
2023
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19. Use of Ceramides to Predict Metabolic Response to Metformin in Women With PCOS.

Author

Sharma, Anu, Krick, Benjamin, Li, Ying, Summers, Scott A, Playdon, Mary C, and Welt, Corrine

Subjects
METFORMIN, CERAMIDES, POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome, GLUCOSE tolerance tests, TYPE 2 diabetes
Abstract

Context Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder in which metabolic abnormalities are associated with reproductive dysfunction. Women with PCOS have increased ceramide concentrations. Previous studies demonstrated that treating metabolic abnormalities of PCOS with metformin improved glucose effectiveness after 12 weeks. Objective We evaluated whether, in women with PCOS, lower baseline ceramide, diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were associated with improved metabolic response to metformin. Methods Women (n = 29), aged 29 ± 5 years and diagnosed with PCOS by the NIH criteria underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) before and after 12-week treatment with metformin (1500 mg per day). Metabolic responders were defined by improved glucose effectiveness, specifically, the ability of glucose to stimulate uptake and suppress production, after metformin treatment. Results Twelve weeks of metformin resulted in weight loss (−1.7 ± 2.6 kg, P  < 0.01) and a reduction in BMI (−0.6 ± 0.9 kg/m2, P  < 0.01) with no change in HbA1c. The concentrations of Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0), total ceramides, total Cer(d16:0), total Cer(d18:2), DAG, dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), and TAG decreased after metformin treatment (P  < 0.05). Baseline total Cer(d16:0) concentration <204.1 pmol/mL was 82% sensitive (AUC 0.72, P  = 0.03) and total DHSM concentration <32237 pmol/mL was 100% specific (AUC 0.73, P  = 0.03) in predicting improved metabolic response to metformin, as measured by IVGTT. Conclusion Lower total Cer(16:0) and DHSM concentrations are associated with a beneficial metabolic response to metformin in women with PCOS. Based on the known association between higher ceramide levels and type 2 diabetes, the data suggest that metformin improves metabolic parameters in women with mild metabolic derangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. Understanding the Relationship between Social Distancing Policies, Traffic Volume, Air Quality, and the Prevalence of COVID-19 Outcomes in Urban Neighborhoods

Author

Mendoza, Daniel L, Benney, Tabitha M, Rajive Ganguli, Rambabu Pothina, Krick, Benjamin, Pirozzi, Cheryl, Crosman, Erik T., and Zhang, Yue

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Economics and business, Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computers and Society, General Economics (econ.GN), FOS: Biological sciences, Computers and Society (cs.CY), Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented policies to curb the spread of the novel virus. Little is known about how these policies impact various groups in society. This paper explores the relationship between social distancing policies, traffic volumes and air quality and how they impact various socioeconomic groups. This study aims to understand how disparate communities respond to Stay-at-Home Orders and other social distancing policies to understand how human behavior in response to policy may play a part in the prevalence of COVID-19 positive cases. We collected data on traffic density, air quality, socio-economic status, and positive cases rates of COVID-19 for each zip code of Salt Lake County, Utah (USA) between February 17 and June 12, 2020. We studied the impact of social distancing policies across three periods of policy implementation. We found that wealthier and whiter zip codes experienced a greater reduction in traffic and air pollution during the Stay-at-Home period. However, air quality did not necessarily follow traffic volumes in every case due to the complexity of interactions between emissions and meteorology. We also found a strong relationship between lower socioeconomic status and positive COVID-19 rates. This study provides initial evidence for social distancing's effectiveness in limiting the spread of COVID-19, while providing insight into how socioeconomic status has compounded vulnerability during this crisis. Behavior restrictions disproportionately benefit whiter and wealthier communities both through protection from spread of COVID-19 and reduction in air pollution. Such findings may be further compounded by the impacts of air pollution, which likely exacerbate COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates. Policy makers need to consider adapting social distancing policies to maximize equity in health protection., Comment: 34 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020
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23. Energy efficiency solutions for historic buildings. A handbook. [ebook]

Author

Troi, Alexandra, Bastian, Zeno, Colla, Camilla, Torben, Dahl, Esposito, Enrico, Franzen, Christoph, Garrecht, Harald, Haas, Franziska, Hernandez, Josè, Paci, Giacomo, Pfluger, Rainer, Plagge, Rudolf, Pohl, Wilfried, Wedebrunn, Ola, Bishara, Ayman, Faustini, Manuela, Bangert, Armin, Janetti, Michele Bianchi, Bräunlich, Kristin, Conrad, Cristian, Correda, Alvaro, Torre, Cristina De, Deisvaldi, Sandra, Anonio Del Conte, Ebel, Witta, Exner, Dagmar, Oberegger, Ulrich Filippi, Gabrielli, Elena, Garcia, Daniel, Garcia, Miguel A, Giuliani, Marco, Grove-Smith, Jessica, Gutierrez, Javier Antolin, Krick, Benjamin, Legnani, Federica, Lucchi, Elena, Nannini, Valerio, Ochs, Fabian, Orlandi, Matteo, Peper, Sören, Pilgaard, Christoffer, Reeb, Simone, Roberti, Francesca, Urlich Ruisinger, Sanz, Roberto, Silingardi, Nicola, Spiekman, Marleen, Tutino, Francesco, Viscardi, Mena, and Weitlaner, Robert

Published
2014
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