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10 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Tereza Fischerová Thesis supervisor PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant MUDr. Jiří Kotek Thesis Title Measurement of torso muscle volume and its relation to complications in colorectal surgery Introduction: Colorectal cancer is frequent oncological disease. The primary solution for cure is surgical resection of the tumor, which can be accompanied by a number of complications. The incidence of postoperative complications also depends on the preoperative condition of the patient, such as nutrition and muscle condition. Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease of skeletal muscle and is one of the predictors of postoperative complications. Objective: The aim of the thesis was to retrospectively evaluate the connection between occurrence of postoperative complications and muscle volume on the trunk, which was described by psoas density and psoas muscle index. Methods: On CT images in the area of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3), we evaluated psoas density and psoas muscle index. The group consisted of 209 patients who underwent rectal resection at the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové between 2017 and 2021. We assessed the connection between psoas...

The diploma thesis deals with the individualized feeding of preterm infants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the benefits of orofacial stimulation and to compare the values with a group of premature newborns who were fed standardly, without any intervention. The measurement took place in three periods of the child's life. When being discharged from the maternity hospital, in the 1st and 2nd years of life. Evaluation parameters included length of hospitalization, diet at discharge, at 12 and 24 months, and anthropometric parameters such as BMI, weight-height ratio, head circumference, and body length. Orofacial stimulation always took place before each breastfeeding during hospitalization. In the monitored period, statistically significant changes were recorded in the days of hospitalization, diet at discharge, and at 12 and 24 months in preterm infants. Breastfeeding difficulties were significantly reduced after orofacial stimulation. However, the study did not show significant differences in orofacial stimulation on anthropometric parameters. It follows that orofacial stimulation does not affect the growth of the newborn, it only supports and improves the quality of breastfeeding. In summary, it can be said that the orofacial stimulation method is an effective form of breastfeeding support...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Biological and Medical Sciences Tutor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Student: Nicole Burešová Title of thesis: Assessment of vitamin intake in lactating women Background: This theses focus to evaluate vitamins intake of lactating women. A sufficient vitamins intake is very important for both mothers and their infants. The aim of this theses was an assessment of lactating women vitamins intake without and including vitamins supplementation. It was determined whether the intake of individual vitamins changed with the duration of lactation, and then the average intake values were compared with the recommended daily allowances (RDA). Finally, the proportion of women who did not meet the RDA was evaluated. Methods: Data collection for this study took place in 2021-2022. There were eleven lactating women between years of age 29 and 40 involved. These women underwent medical examinations at laboratory four times after the delivery - during L1 lactation period (3-4 weeks after the delivery), L2 period (3 months after the delivery), L3 period (6 months after the delivery) and finally L4 period (9 months after the delivery). During the L1 and L2 periods the questionnaires were submitted by 9 women, during L3 period by 10 women and...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate: Patrícia Janáčková Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Hosák, Ph.D., Mgr. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Thesis Title: Microvascular Changes in the Retina of the Eye in Schizophrenia and Depression Introduction: Mental disorders affect an increasingly large part of the population and negatively affect the quality of life of patients. The course, relapses and therapy of these diseases depend on the early initiation of therapy. Increasing the quality of treatment, diagnosis and assistance for disabled individuals are the main reasons why we started this research. Aim of the work: The main aim of our work was to assess the association between microvascular changes in the retina of the eye and psychological disorders, namely schizophrenia and depression. We also paid attention to demographic and clinical factors that could influence these changes. We were also interested in the etiopathogenesis, treatment and influence of inflammation on schizophrenia and depression, anatomy and vascular supply of the eye or a detailed description of the retina and its pathology. Metodology: The largest part of the research took place at the...

2. ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author : Jana Tkáčiková Tutor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title: Assessment of vitamins intake in pregnant women Theoretical base and aim of the thesis: The topic of the diploma thesis is women's nutrition during pregnancy. The aim of the work was to evaluate the intake of vitamins in pregnant women and the subsequent comparison of the results obtained over the period with the recommended daily allowances (RDA) as well as the evaluation of how the addition of supplementation to the diet affected the intake of vitamins. Methods: During the study 10 pregnant women with physiological pregnancies were examined. The observed women were in the age range of 25 - 30 years and their investigation took place in three periods; G1 (17th - 27th week of pregnancy), G2 (28th - 35th week of pregnancy) and G3 (36th - 38th week of pregnancy). The study ran from February 2020 to January 2021. The intake of individual vitamins was evaluated on average every 1 week. We also detected the supplementation intake. The obtained data were processed using computer programmes NutriDan and Microsoft Office Excel 2019. The results were compared with RDA. Results: The examination results indicated that the intake of...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and medical sciences Michaela Popelková Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Endocrine disruptors Background: The aim of this thesis is to summarize basic information regarding the endocrine disruptors by using the latest scientific findings available. The increase of health problems in the population and the negative impact on the environment related to endocrine disruptors is also examined. Additionally, this thesis presents a basic overview of significant endocrine disruptors including their characteristics. Main findings: The rising incidence of metabolic and other endocrinological diseases is lately being connected with chemicals that have the ability to interfere with the endocrine system. These chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors and they have a potential to influence most of the bodily organ systems. Thus, they can be part of any endocrine disease, including the thyroid disorders, disorders of reproductive function, development of obesity and diabetes, commencement of some types of carcinoma etc. Currently there are more than thousand of these chemicals identified and there are many that remain unknown. Therefore the current goal of the scientific community is...

The thesis deals with the issue of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in the adult population with the aim of finding out how this disorder manifests itself in the everyday life of an adult, whether it affects him/her and to what extent. Information was obtained from 37 already diagnosed adult men and women who voluntarily participated in the research in the form of a structured multiple-choice questionnaire. The findings gathered were then evaluated, compared with available experience and also contributed to answering the questions I had previously considered. Thanks to the answers and its closer examination from the people so diagnosed, it appears that this disorder interferes with their daily lives, affecting their actions and their very quality of life. Awareness of ADHD in adulthood among both the general public and, to some extent, the professional public is still relatively low.

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Bc. Karolína Buchová Supervisior: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. MUDr. Kristýna Pivovarčíková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Paraffin immunofluorescence, an ancillary technique in renal pathology - one center study Background: Immunofluorescence analysis (IFLU) is routinely used to diagnose non-tumor renal diseases, and also has a place in renal transplant pathology. This examination is most often performed on frozen sections from non-fixed tissue. The next option where we could use the IFLU method is examination in formaldehyde-fixed tissues which are embedded in paraffin blocks. However, using the formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embeded samples has its specifics and require a modification of the methodology and verification. This diploma thesis follows the differences in the processing of renal punctures when we use IFLU for frozen material (FIF) or IFLU for formalin-fixed and paraffin- embedded tissue (PIF) and comparison of the results obtained by both methods. Main findings: Immunofluorescence examination is very important part in examination of kidney biopsy obtained by puncture. The...

Author: Nikola Beláková Name of the thesis: Profile of patients suffering by vulvovaginal discomfort Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, The faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to monitor the profiles of female patients with vulvovaginal discomfort, to define this group of patients in more detail, to compare them with a group of healthy women and to find the influence of individual risk factors. Methods: The observed group of women consisted of 91 patients and 35 healthy women in productive age. Women's health data were provided to us by a specialized clinic of vulvovaginal discomfort at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. For statistical evaluation of these data, we used tests from Microsoft Excel: two-sample t-test, Chi-square test and McNemar test. Results: By evaluating the provided data, we did not find statistically significant differences in the area of risk factors such as smoking, use of hormonal contraception, childbirth, allergic diseases and others. Thus, the study shows that it is mostly an idiopathic form of vulvovaginal discomfort. We also focused on the effect of previous treatment, with only therapy containing probiotics being statistically significant. We also found statistical...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Departmen of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Lucie Šavlová Supervisior: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Dominik Habeš, Mg. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Profile of patients with pelvic organs prolapse Introduction: Up to half of women over the age of 50 suffer from the pelvic organs prolapse. Although not a life-threatening condition, descending in higher stages reduces the patient's quality of life. Around 11 % of women therefore opt for an operative solution. Unfortunately, operations correcting the descent of the pelvic organs are burdened by a relatively large rate of return (recurrence) of the descent. Aim of the thesis: The aim of this work was a retrospective evaluation of the success of pelvic organ descent surgeries, analysis of risk factors leading to recurrence and finding out the subjective satisfaction of patients with the operation depending on whether they suffered from recurrence or not. The operations were performed at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. These were always procedures associated with the use of polypropylene MESH implanted vaginally. Methods: In the evaluation of the first half of the experimental part, the examined group contained 241 women...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Barbora Šejvlová Leader: PharmDr. Iveta Nejmanová, Ph.D Form: Bachelor thesis Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician Title: Diagnosis and treatment of glomerulonephritis in children Aim of the work: The aim of this theses is to present current examination methods for kidney disease and to describe in more detail the types of glomerulonephritis. A part of the work is also a case report of teenage girl who suffered from glomerulonephritis. Main findings: The thesis is divided into 5 parts. The first part contains information about the anatomy of the kidneys, the physiology of the kidneys and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. The second part deals with all possible examination methods in nephrology. The chapter describes the examination of urine, which is further divided into the technique of sample acquisition, diuresis, techniques of sample examination, proteinuria and hematuria. In this chapter we will focus on ultrasonography, immunology and renal biopsy too. In the third part we will get acquainted with acute glomerulonephritis. We will discuss rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis in the fourth part. The last chapter is devoted to chronic glomerulonephritis....

1 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Martina Kugelová Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. MUDr. Alena Šmahelová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Metabolic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose metabolism disorder of various degrees which occurs in pregnancy and resolves spontaneously in the puerperium. Due to the adverse effects of GDM on pregnancy outcomes, perinatal morbidity, and the development of chronic diseases later in life, increased attention is given to GDM. Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was the provide a basic overview of the types of diabetes mellitus together with a description of metabolic processes and some selected biomarkers, with the main focus on GDM. Another aim was to evaluate the consequences and assess the impact of selected parameters on the onset and development of GDM, changes in the monitored values during pregnancy and the consequences for mother and fetus. Methods: The research subjects were 110 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at the Diabetological Clinic of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology of University Hospital Hradec Králové and...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Nikola Demčáková Thesis supervisor PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant MUDr. Ondřej Renc, Ph.D. Thesis Title Effectiveness and safety od mechanical recanalization of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery using retractable stent in patients witch acute ischemic stroke Introduction: The brain depends on supply of energy and oxygen. When an area of the brain is not perfused due to arterial occlusion, irreversible changes occur rapidly. Cerebrovascular accident is one of the common causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality in global population. They are divided into ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes. Roughly 80 - 85% of all strokes are ischemic strokes. Ischemic CMP is treated by systemic thrombolysis and mechanical recanalization. Objective: Aim of our work was to evaluate effectiveness and safety of mechanical recanalization using retrievable stent in M2 section of middle cerebral artery. Methods: Data was collected retrospectively in the Department of Radiology in University Hospital Hradec Králové. We evaluated accessible data from hospital information system and imaging documentation (CT, MR, DSA) during and after the procedure. A group of patients...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kateřina Vlková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the bachelor thesis: The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases The basic biological function of uric acid in the human body is to protect cells from oxidative damage. More precisely, its behavior depends on the physico-chemical environment in which it is located. Under certain conditions and higher concentration in serum, it may act as a prooxidant and participate in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. These are mainly kidney disease, non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus II. type and metabolic syndrome. These diseases can precede cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular failure may be caused by some mechanisms. These mechanisms include especially oxidative stress, inflammation, reduced availability of nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, insulin resistance or metabolic disorders. The cause of cardiovascular disease associated with uric acid has not been proved. It can only serve as a intermediator of harmful effects on vascular tissue and myocardium. Keywords: uric acid, oxidative stress, inflammation,...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Silvia Klčová Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Form: Bachelor thesis Study programme: Medical bioanalytics Thesis title: Osteoporosis - Current trends in diagnostics and therapy Background: This bachelor thesis is focused on elucidating the problem of osteoporosis. The aim of this work is to summarize current knowledge about this disease, especially about the methods of its diagnosis and therapy. Main findings: Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that is based on an imbalance in bone remodeling. This disease is characterized by a loss of bone tissue and the formation of porous bones, that are prone to fracture. Fractures are the most serious complication of osteoporosis. This thesis describes in detail the currently used diagnostic methods and therapeutic principles. Recognition of the presence of osteoporosis and subsequent initiation of therapeutic measures is essential for the management of this condition. There are several instrumental and laboratory methods used for diagnosis, which are based on different principles. Pharmacotherapy affecting bone remodeling, by inducing changes in the presence or functionality of executive bone cells, is...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Kristína Krupová Supervisior: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, PhD. Consultant: MUDr. Petr Motyčka, PhD. Title of Thesis: Seroma as a follow-up complication after breast cancer surgery Introduction: A seroma is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications of breast cancer surgery. Although it is not a life-threatening complication, it may contribute to the significant patient morbidity, prolong their recovery and consequential hospital stays as well as delay adjuvant therapy. Aim of the thesis: This thesis aimed to look up those patients who experienced the postoperative complication in the form of seroma in the sample of cancer patients who underwent breast cancer surgery. Based on the materials dealing with this issue, we focused on the most frequent factors that may predict the development of this complication and evaluated the impact of the particular factors on the seroma formation and its subsequent puncture. Methods: A total of 240 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent the surgery at the Department of Surgery of University Hospital Hradec Králové in the period from September 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, were included in the study...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Monika Lacušová Consultant PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Thesis Title Anomalies of visceral arteries Introduction: Understanding of occurrence of visceral arteries anomalies is important for performing surgeries within abdomen. In case of lack of understanding of these anomalies, serious damage of blood vessels may occur, resulting in disorders of blood supply for liver, pancreas, as well as other organs located in abdomen. Early and accurate diagnostics is of high importance, and it may be performed via display methods, most frequently through computer tomography. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate occurrence and types of anomalies of visceral arteries through scans resulting from computer tomography. Methods: We have obtained the data from medical records of patients through hospital information system. These were the records of patients treated at the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové. Overall, there was a set of 430 patients included in the evaluation of the records taken between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. It was essential, that the patients underwent the examination by computer tomography. Therefore, we ruled out 115...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Jaroslav Oswald Supervisor of master thesis: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Supplementation modes for athletes The aim of this work was to process information about selected dietary supplements and forbidden substances in sports, and also to give an overview of selected laboratory parameters monitored during training in specific types of athletes. Taking dietary supplements affects performance of active athletes. Supplementation with various dietary supplements can increase muscle mass, improve strength dispositions and help with fat reduction. It is a safe way to stimulate physical activity. It has been proven that usage of anabolic steroids leads to muscle mass increase and strength growth, but this usage is also accompanied with several undesirable side effects. Case reports of three different types of athletes show the differences between a natural user and an anabolic steroids user. The anabolic androgenic steroid user has shown a significant improvement in strength and performance, but he has also noticed some side effects (a slight decrease in testosterone levels after a cycle and an increase in prolactin levels). An amateur bodybuilder and...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Healthcare Bioanalytics Author: Bc. Dominika Polová Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Galleria mellonella in vivo model for the study of antimicrobial drug vs. pathogen interaction Background: This study focuses on establishment of the in vivo invertebrate mo- del Galleria mellonella primarily for the study of in vivo efficacy and toxicity of newly synthetized compounds with proved antiinfective potential. Major part of the study is devoted to optimization of conditions for laboratory insect rearing, determination of lethal infectious doses after infection of Galleria mellonella larvae by methicillin re- sistant Staphylococcus aureus, implementation of methodical approach for assessing the relative acute toxicity of candidate antiinfective compounds, and establishment of laboratory manuals for routine histopathological studies. Methods: In the study Galleria mellonella larvae were reared in stable laboratory con- ditions (37 ◦ C) and in the presence of rich nutrition. Sowing method was used in or- der to obtain infectious LD50. In the preliminary study we focused on acute toxicity of tested compounds and on methodology optimization leading to histopathological...

8 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Studies Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Candidate: Mirka Dohnalová Title of Diploma thesis: Etiopathogensis of Kidney Failure Introduction: A kidney failure is a state that accompanies a number civilization illnesses. This illness arises mostly from badly compensated diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity or from the influence of unwanted effects caused by some medicaments and toxins. An important precaution in the treatment of renal insufficiency is well-timed and proper treatment. It contributes to reduce other possible complications. The aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to evaluate effects of individual risk factors on the function of the kidneys. This result has been given by health database. Methods: We collected information using a questionnaire method and collected from a medical database. Conclusion: According to our results, the most risky group is the group of patients with high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. These patients have a higher risk of renal failure. Other causes of this disease include unhealthy lifestyle, limited physical activity and smoking. Key words: causes, kidney failure

Background: To get acquainted with the principles and extensive problems of bioethics in the field of psychiatry: from historical prejudices to the present time. Pay attention to the issue of social rehabilitation of people with mental disorders. Focus on the current legislation, strategy for mental health reforms reforming and international experience. Main findings: A lot of important decisions and approvals of statutes are based on philosophical terms such as morality, conscience, dignity, etc. Ethical dilemmas are not easy, especially when it comes to mental illnesses. Therefore, the interests of the patients must be protected by law. The problem of protecting the rights of the mentally ill is a global issue, which is also highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Council of Europe. In the history of the psychiatric care in Czech Republic, nothing has changed for about 25 years, so postponing the reform was no longer possible. Therefore, in 2013, a strategy for the reform of the psychiatric care was developed, focusing on the transition to a community complex and multidisciplinary care. Conclusion: Given that the whole reform will take 15-20 years and the first stage will end in 2021, we will be able to judge the transformation later. But we can say now that the mental health...

This bachelor thesis is focused on neurobiology of anxiety and is supported by corresponding literature search. In the thesis individual anxiety disorders are described together with selected risk factors important for the development of this disease. It also deals with biological hypotheses involving various changes in neurotransmitter systems and the influence of stress. Furthermore, it deals with fear conditioning, extinction of fear response and overgeneralization, all of which are forms of fear learning. Amygdala represents an important brain center of anxiety, consequently a description of its funcion along with amygdallar circuits are included in this thesis and different functions of other brain parts are described as well. Moreover, this thesis is concerned with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the influence of individual hormones on anxiety. Lastly, the role of the neuropeptide oxytocin and current studies regarding possibility of its use in therapy are presented. Key words: amygdala, anxiety disorders, corticotrophin releasing hormone, fear, circuits of anxiety and fear, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, oxytocin, stress

Background: Thesis consists of theoretical summary of information which characterizes depression. Practical part consists of questionnaire study, whose goal is to determine the most important factors, which take part in growth of depression disease. As well to determine the effect of season on depression progress, the most common age when depression starts to develop, eventually some knowledge about a character and treatment of depression. Methods: Questionnaire study from November 2017 to April 2018, which consists of 22 questions for respondents from Czech Republic (850 respondents of whom 291 were diagnosed depression). Results: More than a half of respondents (53 %) diagnosed with depression have chosen two and more risk factors. Thus, depression appears based on combination of more factors. The most frequently are mentioned ill family relationships (20 %) and tragic event in life (20 %). It is also negatively influenced by season, mostly autumn (46 % of answers) and winter (33 % of answers). The most common age when the depression starts to appear is 11-20 years. Most frequently respondents were diagnosed moderate level of depression (60 %) and they have chosen to visit a doctor out of their own belief (57 %). The main signs are tiredness (18 %) and loss of interest and enjoyment of activities...

The aim of this bachelor thesis is a brief introduction to the complex processing of the tissue samples obtained by endoscopic biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract with a special focus on the treatment of endoscopic specimens obtained by endoscopic resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection. My work consists of a brief introduction to the gastrointestinal tract histology and description of therapeutic endoscopic methods such as endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and radiofrequency ablation. Additionally, an overview of the most important histochemical staining methods (hematoxylin - eosin, PAS reaction with Schiff 's reagent, and alcian blue with Schiff' s reagent), as well as immunohistochemical detection of antigens in the tissue samples is included. This work is focused on the widely used antigens CD31, podoplanin (D2-40), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and p53. At the end of the thesis, I discuss the importance of correct sampling techniques and accurate histological processing of endoscopic specimens for determining a proper diagnosis, an essential prerequisite for selecting of an appropriate therapeutic method. Keywords: endoscopic resection, gastrointestinal tract lesion, hematoxylin-eosin, PAS reaction, alcian blue, immunohistochemical detection

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and medical sciences Kristýna Dvořáková Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Bioethics VI - Contraception Background: To create basic overview of bioethics and its resources and principles. To summarize the contemporary contraceptive methods. To analyze the problematics of contraceptives from bioethical perspective as thoroughly as possible. Main findings: In the Diploma Thesis, we have studied the problematics of bioethics, bioethical principles and mainly the problematics of contraceptives. We were focused mostly on the ideas behind bioethics, its principles and connections to religious doctrines. Moreover, we summarized the contraceptive methods, its history, development and research of the new methods. We compiled available statistics data about the usage of contraceptives in the Czech Republic and across the world. Next part of the Thesis describes the bioethical aspects of contraceptives usage. We concluded with the focus on the religious perspectives on contraceptives. We discovered that the Catholic church acknowledges only the naturally planned parenthood. The perspectives of other religious beliefs vary. Some emphasize the harmony of man's actions and conscience,...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Nikola Pohančaníková Consultant PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Influence of tumor marker CA 19-9 for development pancreatic cancer Introduction: Pancreatic Cancer is a serious illness with non - specific initial characteristic symptoms. For most patients, the diagnosis is discovered only at an advance stage when the application of radical treatment is no longer possible. It is assumed that the tumor marker CA 19-9 levels are significant factors for determining diagnosis and prognosis of patients affected by the existence of a pancreatic tumor, particularly during active monitoring of the health condition of the affected patients. Objective: The objective of the research was to verify the significance of the tumor marker level CA 19-9 during the prognosis determination of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. The objective of our research was simultaneously the comparison and assessment of CA 19-9 levels in individual patients and detection of the prognosis of susceptibility of the patients participating in our group. Methods: A total of 289 diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients were examined during the period between 01.01.2015 - 31.12.2015 in the Hradec...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Pharmacy Supervisor: PharmDr. Petr Jílek, CSc. Author: Nikola Pražienková Title of diploma thesis: The effect of household characteristics on the allergies in children BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to try detect a possible effect of household characteristics on the development of allergies in children. Our obtained results we compared with scientific knowledge of studies in our country and abroad. METHODS: The necessary data we obtained from a questionnaire study that was designed for childrens from seventh grade of elementary school and their parents in the pre- selected schools throughout the Czech Republic.We sent 2793 questionnaires to 69 schools and we got back approximately 61% (1697 questionnaires). Questionnaires were statistically evalueted and we focused on answers about the household characteristics. RESULTS: We noticed in our study some statistically significant results. Statistically more allergic children were in household with smaller area of carpets, where the floor was cleaned with higher amount of detergents and disinfecting agents, where bedding was washed at higher temperature and was changed more frequently. The result of our work was also the total score of the household characteristics,...

Bc. Žaneta Jakubová, Specialist in laboratory methods Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in persons with psychostimulants addiction Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Background: The aim of this diploma thesis is to study the occurrence of symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder in psychostimulant subjects and to demonstrate the effect of psychostimulants on the occurrence of this disorder. Methods: For questionnaire survey was used to collect the data, in which probands submitted a total of 3 questionnaires. Input anamnestic questionnaire to obtain general information, the remaining two are focused on symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder - Complex Partial Seizure-like Symptoms Inventory (CPSI) and Limbic System Checklist-33 (LSCL-33). Statistical methods of percentage comparison, chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for evaluation. Results: Unusual scores and scores for epileptic spectrum disorder reached a total of 60 % of respondents in the CPSI. In the LSCL-33 questionnaire, a suspect and abnormal score reached 100 % of respondents. Conclusions: Both hypotheses have been demonstrated, namely that psychostimulants influence the occurrence of symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder and that...

This thesis deals with autoimmune diseases called celiac disease. It includes a questionnaire designed to match young people aged 15-26 years using social networks. The study placed several goals. The main goal was to determine to what extent celiac disease is known. Next, how many people adhere to BZLD (gluten free diet) and for what purpose, raise awareness of celiac disease and gluten free diet and refute some of the myths about celiac and gluten. The results show that young people's awareness of the disease is above average, even though they were mostly healthy individuals. The cause of adherence to gluten free diets are mostly health problems. Only a small percentage of the interviewees hold it in order to reduce the weight. Most have no reason to hold it at all. The extension of information on this disease was ensured by sharing the information leaflet on social networks or the possibility to look at the correct answers in the test. Concurrent myths were explained under questions in the questionnaire. Celiac disease is an illness that is very poorly diagnosed. Symptoms often vary, sometimes they may not show up at all. Therefore, there is a risk that this disease will not be recognized in a timely manner. By widening the basic information among as many people as possible, it should help...

v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Aneta Capranicová Title of diploma thesis: Osteoporosis, climacteric syndrome and signs of the temporolimbic dysfunction Objective of the thesis: The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out whether there will appear temporolimbic dysfunctions in women attending the osteoporotic clinic at the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové and compare their results with the results of a healthy population. Methods: Two standardized questionnaires - CSPI and LSCL-33 - were used to assess the occurrence of epileptic spectrum disorders. The Microsoft Office Excel was used to process the results. Results: It was found that the women population reaches score points corresponding to the healthy population. In the CSPI questionnaire, the average value was 7.6 and for the LSCL-33 5.5 points. From these results it can be assumed that osteoporosis and climacteric syndrome does not affect the occurrence of epileptic spectrum disorders. To confirm the results, I would recommend the study to be repeated in a group with a larger number of respondents. For comparison with gamblers or smokers, both groups show a higher incidence of epileptic spectrum disorders than the group of women...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Head of thesis: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Petr Motyčka Student: Bc. Barbora Malčíková Title of the thesis: Methods for diagnosing the local staging of breast cancer Objective of the thesis: The aim of this diploma thesis was to get acquainted with the diagnostics of breast cancer, focusing on differences in clinical and pathological findings. Background: Differences in tumor size vary. There are tumors in which size is determined correctly (possibly with a tolerance of 20%) and tumors that have a large difference in the size determined by clinician and pathologist. Reasons are not known. However, differences in clinical and pathological findings are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Sufficient prevention by women and early diagnosis of breast cancer is a basic criterion for successful treatment and diagnosis of this disease. To investigate the causes of differences in clinical and pathological findings of tumors, further testing should be performed in a larger group of patients. Key words: breast cancer, breast cancer types, breast cancer diagnostics, breast cancer therapy, sonography, mammography, biochemical tumor markers

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Helena Pipotová Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Jílek CSc. Title of Thesis: The influence of course of pregnancy on the risk of allergies in children - comparison studies in 2005 and 2011 BACKGROUND: Factors that influence the development of allergies in children have been described many times before. We aim to provide further precision and comparison. AIM: To compare data from two questionnaire studies from 2005 and 2011 and examine the impact of risk factors during pregnancy on the development of allergies in children. To confirm or disprove the influence of each factor. METHODS: In 2005, 3845 structured and anonymous questionnaires were distributed and 2050 were returned. In 2011, 3000 questionnaires were distributed and 1655 of them were returned duly completed. The questionnaires were sent to parents via primary schools in the Czech Republic. Children who satisfied both conditions: having an allergic reaction before the age of two and being treated or seen by an allergist or immunologist were classified as suffering from an allergy. RESULTS: The following pregnancy factors were labelled as having statistically high influence on the development of allergies in children: nausea...

Author: Mgr. Veronika Poloniová Title: Epilepsy in children in the Bruntál district - experience of pharmaceutical treatment University: Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Degree: Pharmacy Objective: The first aim of this thesis is to evaluate epilepsy treatment of children in the Bruntál district and compare it to epilepsy treatment guidelines. The second aim is to communicate recommendations for treatments using multiple medications. The third aim is to compare the epilepsy treatment of children to the treatment of adults as evaluated in the author's master's thesis. Methods: Patients 18 years and younger with focal and generalized epilepsy treated with pharmacotherapy between 1993 and 2015 in the Bruntál district (94,573 inhabitants) were included in the retrospective study. The endpoint for successful treatment was the elimination of epileptic seizures while minimizing side effects and preserving cognitive functions. Main findings: The most frequent monotherapy was valproate. The most frequent combined therapy included valproate and carbamazepine, less frequent were valproate and lamotrigin, and the combination of valproate and levetiracetam. There was no systematic use of three medications observed in the study. Topiramate was the most frequent substance added to...

1 Abstract Dominika Hauptová The effects influencing pregnancy and the allergy in children Diploma thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate, if using drugs during pregnancy, using drugs during breast-feeding, stress and nausea can influence development of allergies. Next, investigate if the growing number of potential risk factors may increase the risk of allergies. METHODS: Processing data from the questionnaire-based study in 2011. There were sent 2793 questionnaires to basic schools in Czech Republic. Question- naires were designed for parents of 7th - 8th grade students who were born in 1995-1999. The return was about 61%. Results of the study were processed by the score that was evaluated by chi-square test and Mann Whitney test. RESULTS: Both tests confirmed that using drugs during pregnancy, using drugs during breast-feeding and stress belongs to the possible risk factors. The influ- ence of nausea was confirmed just by Mann Whitney test. We also confirmed that the growing number of risk factors might increase the risk of allergies. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study demonstrate that lifestyle in pregnancy can influence development of allergies. Prenatal prevention of allergy is important but because of misunderstanding in...

Impact of spermiogramme quality on in vitro fertilization Master's Thesis Author: Bc. Lukáš Gold Field of study: Specialist in laboratory methods Charle's university in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Number of couples who have problems with becoming pregnant increasis every year. Sometimes, change of lifestyle or alleviation of life tempo can help but in other cases couples have to use centre of assisted reproduction service. In some cases is inferility caused by only one factor, in other cases are factors combinated. The aim of this work was evaluation of question, if the spermiogramme quality influences quality of artificial insemination. The secondary aim was to evaluate which technique of oocyte active insemination by injection (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI or Intracytoplasmic morphologically - selected sperm injection IMSI) is more successful at fertilization in vitro. Datas and results were taken from 100 couples who underwent therapy using donated oocytes at Zentren Prof. Zech - Pilsen, s.r.o. clinic. Men who gave a fresh ejaculate in day of oocyte collection by ovarian puncture are included in this work. Donated oocytes were micromanipulatively impregnated by spemrs which were taken from ejaculate. Acording to the spermiogramme results men were divided into two...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of biological and medical sciences Drahoslava Machová Supervisor: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma tehesis: Bioethics V - Surrogate motherhood - the specifics of individual areas Background: Creating a basic overview of bioethics and its principles. Handle the issue of surrogate motherhood Institute. Main findings: In this thesis we dealt with issues of bioethics, bioethical principles and in particular the issue of surrogacy. Above all, we focused on fundamentals of bioethics, its principles and interconnection with the law. Furthermore, we describe surrogacy institute, its history and progress. Another part is devoted to the current legislation, Surrogacy in the Czech Republic and comparison with the legislation in selected countries around the world. The thesis also includes recommendations of medical ethics in the process of surrogacy. In conclusion, we have focused on the risks that may occur. Conclusions: Use of surrogate motherhood is one of the few ways infertile couple may obtain offspring. Undoubtedly it is a problem that needs to be continued to explore and modify. It is also necessary to pay great attention to the ethical, legal and psychological aspects that are associated with this institute....

Bc. Markéta Zubíková Treatment of decubitus using moist wound healing method Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in laboratory methods The thesis deals with decubitus and method of moist wound healing. The treatment of pressure ulcers is still a hot topic that falls into the problems of modern nursing. Decubitus ulcers are chronic wounds caused by pressure. An important role is prevention, which is based on positioning, rigorous hygiene of the patient, modified bed and use of anti-decubitus aids. Treatment of pressure ulcers is long and complex . Objectives: This thesis compares the quality of care in two hospitals at their wards for chronically ill patients ("LDN 1" in Český Brod and "LDN 2" in the Mnichovo Hradiště) for the year 2015. We assessed the number of patients with decubitus, the most common location of decubitus, risk factors, patient age, usage of moist wound healing method in the hospital and the most common choice of a particular product from this method of healing. The questionnaire survey is focused more on the method of moist wound healing. The aim of this part of the study was to determine whether the method of moist coverage was used and whether the department has enough material to treat patients. Another objective was...

Author: Pavla Podzimková Title: The influence of environment and heritability on children's allergies development - pilot study Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Pharmacy Background: Over the last few years the number of allergic individuals has been growing. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether heritability has an impact on development of allergic diseases and also to identify some environmental factors that can also take part in the development of allergies. This study is also a pilot study by which we were verifying our method of data collecting. Methods: We chose a method of an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire, divided into four parts, was placed on a website www.alergie-dotaznik.blogspot.cz. Informative letters were sent to chosen schools to mothers of eights graders in which they had a link to the website and filling out information. We sent out 3362 letters and received 192 filled out questionnaires. We included 164 questionnaires in the analysis of data. We analyzed the data in the program Microsoft Excel. Results: From all children that took part in our research 32,9 % were allergic and 38,4 % were non-allergic. The rest (28,66 %) was put in the group "others". Allergic mother, father and older siblings...

Our bachelor thesis is focused on problematic issues of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. This kind of disease is increasing in today's population, with the presence of increasing obesity, it greatly affects patient with diabetes disease. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is contributed to the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. We also describe the acute complications of the disease (e.g. hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycaemia) and then consecutive complications (e.g. diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy). The thesis is also focused on diagnostic laboratory methods of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (determines e.g. venous plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide), which are essential factors for early detection of metabolism disorders of sugars and fats and which could be potential indicators for the development of diabetes mellitus and could provide early dietary and therapeutic treatment.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jana Mičulková Consultant: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of Thesis: The temporo-limbic dysfunction in alcohol dependent persons This thesis is concerned on the temporo-limbic dysfunction of persons dependent on alcohol. The theoretical part summarizes the information about the neuroanatomical correlates, alcohol dependence syndrome, epidemiology of alcohol addiction in the Czech republic and the relationship between alcohol and epilepsy. The practical part includes evaluation of questionnaires filled out by alcohol dependent persons. These questionnaires are concerned on recognizing epilepsy spectrum disorder. The results are compared with the results obtained from previous studies in the healthy population and are used to evaluate other aims of this thesis. Keywords: alcohol dependence, epilepsy, epilepsy spectrum disorder, limbic system, questionnaire investigation

7 3. ABSTRACT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HERNIA AND THE INCIDENCE RANGING JUNE 2013 - JUNE 2015 IN THE CENTRAL REGION Author: Hana Valášková Tutor: PharmDr. Petra Fikrová, Ph.D., Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Introduction: A hernia is a disease of the abdominal cavity, which is the most frequent operated disease in hospitals. Hernias can be divided according to several aspects, e.g. according to the time of origin to the hernia congenital and acquired. Objectives: The aim of this dissertation was to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathology of hernias and check the incidence of this pathology in the Central Bohemia Region. Methodology: Information for the theoretical part were gotten from professional publications or specialized websites. The information for the practical part were obtained by collecting operational protocols followed and questionnaires at two different facilities. Results: In the theoretical part we presented a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of the most common types of hernias. Based on the collection of operational protocols we worked with the group of 982 patients and 148 patients were gotten from received questionnaires. In both groups, we proved more frequent affliction of men and the most frequent incidence of inguinal hernia. Conclusion:...

Author: Eva Gorbunovová Title: Sleep disorder as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 Diploma thesis Charles' University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Field: Pharmacy Background: The aim of this thesis with the help of available domestic and foreign literature is to analyze the impact of sleep disorders on the development of Diaberes Mellitus type II. Main findings: In our work we show the basic characteristics of sleep disorders and diabetes mellitus. We focused on some of the factors which were demonstrated to affect the metabolism. It was found that chronic sleep disorders lead to the increased production of cortisol which in a long term affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and also influences the development of insulin resistance. As a result of sleep disorders is also the reduction of the concentration of leptin, resulting in increased appetite. Studies conducted on mice show that due to increased levels of ghrelin, as a result of sleep disorders, there is also an increase in food intake. Increased levels of ghrelin increases the secretion of growth hormone and orexins, hormones that also affect metabolism. Sleep disorders can affect the levels of cytokines, especially, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, which are produced in the organism in...

Spikova Andrea Renal pathology and diagnostic methods Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician This thesis is focused on diagnostic methods in various renal diseases. The first part is devoted to the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, where is outlined how look and operate various parts of kidneys and also the whole organ. Next part si composed of analysis of the urine, where is described chemical analysis with test strip, when the colore change of indicator of zones subtracted result according to the color scale on the container tube. Nowadays are two types of devices for reading the diagnostic strips on the market. Basic reflex photometer operated by person or fully automatic one. Further part describe the examination of urinary sediment using light microscopy or phase contrast microscopy. In modern biochemical laboratories urinary sediment is investigated using flow cytometry or digital capture particles. The last part is devoted to imaging methods and renal biopsy, to their description, indications and pa comparison with another method. Imaging methods include ultrasonography, native image renal, excretory urography, ascendent ureter/pyelography, computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography,...