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Robotic surgery is gaining more space in every country at every level. Wall surgery is one of the fields in which technology can help the surgeons and can give more opportunities to the patients. One of the biggest differences between laparoscopic surgery is that the use of the robot provides excellent 3D VISION of the abdomen and can ease the surgeon, during difficult and tricky situation mostly. One of this wall affection is diastasis recti. It affects about 1/3 of women after childbirth, yet it is still little talked about today. Often underestimated or confined to a cosmetic problem, most of the times abdominal diastasis is a functional problem primary and must be addressed in the correct way. In this video, we report a case of diastasis recti associated with a primary umbilical hernia in a multipara woman. She was 45 with a BMI of 26.4 kg/m2 and she came to our attention after a long period of discomfort and pain. She told us that her umbilical hernia was growing fast in the last months and that the condition of her abdomen was getting worse, with pain and digestive difficulties. At the physical examination we found an umbilical hernia of 3 cm of diameter and a diastasis recti of 6 cm of width. Due to the conditions of the patient, the young age and the will not to have children anymore, we decide to perform a robotic transabdominal retromuscular umbilical prosthetic (rTARUP) «bottom-up approach» (the patient never underwent abdominal surgery).

Parastomal hernias (PSH) occur in 50–80% after stoma formation and its treatment is considered a real challenge. According to the recent literature, the use of prophylactic mesh at the time of primary stoma should decrease the odds of hernia formation. The most common occurrences after PSH surgery are: recurrence, seroma and wound complications. In this video, we report 2 cases of mesh infection with fistula necessitated removal after 10 and 4 years of mesh placement. The first patient was a 66 years-old male. In 2007 he underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy following radiotherapy. He underwent a radical cystectomy and Bricker's cutaneous uretero-ileostomy for stenosis of the vesicourethral anastomosis. In 2012 for PSH he underwent laparo-alloplasty with a placement of an intraperitoneal mesh. In February 2022, with fever and dyspnoea, at the CT-scan of the abdomen we found air bubbles near the mesh and a suspected sigmoid-to-mesh fistula. The second patient was a 66 years old male. In 2018 the patient underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy, then Miles’ procedure and prophylactic 3D intraperitoneal mesh, subsequent adjuvant therapy. During the oncological follow-up an abdominal CT-scan showed air bubbles around the stoma and suspicion of fistula on the adjacent intestinal loops. In both cases there was an infection of the area around the stoma due to a fistula between the mesh and the intestine. We proceeded, in laparoscopy, to remove the infected mesh. We converted in open surgery with the resection of the fistulized intestine tract and we did a new ostomy.

We investigate propagation of harmonic axial waves in a class of periodic two-phase phononic rods whose elementary cells are designed adopting the quasicrystalline silver mean Fibonacci substitution rule. The stop-/pass-band spectra of this family are studied with the aid of a trace-map formalism which provides a geometrical interpretation of the recursive rule governing traces of the relevant transmission matrices: the traces of two consecutive elementary cells can be represented as a point on a surface defined by an invariant function of the circular frequency, and the recursivity implies the description of an orbit on the surface. We show that, for a sub-class of silver mean-generated waveguides, the orbits predicted by the trace map at specific frequencies are periodic. The configurations for which this occurs, called canonical, are also associated with periodic stop-/pass-band diagrams along the frequency domain. Several types of periodic orbits exist and each corresponds to a self-similar portion of the dynamic spectra whose scaling law can be studied by linearising the trace map in the neighbourhood of the orbit. The obtained results provide both a new piece of theory to better understand the behaviour of classical two-phase composite periodic waveguides and an important advancement towards design and realisation of phononic quasicrystalline-based metamaterials.

According to national and international studies peer assessment and peer feedback have a major role in student learning processes (Topping et al., 2000; Moretti et al., 2015; Grion, Serbati, 2017). In the process of knowledge building the possibility of making use of peers can foster collaborative learning and the development of critical thinking. Within the university context providing writing activities in peer groups by introducing peer feedback and peer assessment allows to activate analysis, review and self-assessment processes of one’s own paper, consolidating language skills (Boscolo, 2014; Piemontese, Sposetti, 2014). The paper provides the results of an exploratory survey conducted with 380 students from the Roma Tre University. The main goal was to investigate the effectiveness of peer assessment and peer feedback to help develop strategic skills, and to enhance collaborative writing skills in digital format. The peer assessment activities implied the formation of pairs of groups that mutually assessed the argumentative text produced, using a semistructured grid. The students eventually answered a questionnaire. The analysis of the data showed that the work carried out in peer groups, through a process of collaborative learning, contributed to develop both metacognitive skills and the exercise of leadership of the students involved. The outcomes of the research confirm the importance of introducing writing tasks in the university context which, based on peer assessment and peer feedback, can improve the quality of the training.

La Società Italiana di Ricerca Didattica (SIRD) ha promosso una ricerca nazionale per avviare una riflessione sulla didattica a distanza (DaD) adottata durante l’emergenza Covid-19. La ricerca è stata condotta mediante l’utilizzo di un questionario a cui hanno risposto oltre 16.000 insegnanti di ogni ordine e grado, dislocati in tutto il territorio nazionale. Il contributo descrive la metodologia utilizzata per l’analisi dei dati qualitativi e presenta la struttura categoriale emersa. Le domande aperte erano volte a far emergere i punti di forza e di debolezza della DaD, nonché le difficoltà riscontrate dagli studenti. Uno spazio dedicato a commenti e riflessioni, inoltre, ha consentito di cogliere in modo maggiormente circostanziato il punto di vista degli insegnanti interpellati.

The seasonal energy performance of a cooling system based on an innovative variable-geometry ejector (VGE) is numerically investigated by using TRNSYS. The VGE-based system is mainly driven by solar energy, collected through solar thermal collectors, and is coupled to a residential building located in Porto. A biomass boiler is used as back-up heater. The energy performance of the investigated cooling system is compared with that of a conventional solution, based on a commercial air-to-water chiller. Results point out that, almost 75% of the generator heat demand can be supplied by solar collectors and about 90% of the overall energy input of the ejector-based system is satisfied by renewables. Moreover, numerical simulations confirm how the capability to vary the ejector geometry on the basis of current operating conditions allows to strongly improve the ejector seasonal efficiency. A second series of simulations aimed to further enhance the system performance. A master control logic which extends the VGE operation time in correspondence of favourable ambient conditions was introduced, in order to store additional cooling energy in the cold buffer tank. This strategy has proved to be effective, since the energy consumption of the biomass boiler could be reduced up to 35%.

La situazione emergenziale ha comportato la necessità di riflettere con urgenza sui rapporti tra scuola e famiglia che caratterizzano il sistema di istruzione e formazione in Italia. La progettazione di una nuova idea di scuola da intendersi come presidio di prossimità e risorsa resiliente implica l’approfondimento e la comprensione delle dinamiche tra scuola e famiglia mediante linee dedicate di ricerca educativa. Il contributo presenta gli esiti di una indagine esplorativa locale sviluppata in continuità con la ricerca nazionale condotta dalla Società Italiana di Ricerca Didattica (SIRD) “Sulle modalità di didattica a distanza adottate nelle scuole italiane nel periodo di emergenza Covid-19”. L’indagine ha avuto come principale obiettivo quello di approfondire la corresponsabilità educativa tra scuola e famiglia durante il periodo emergenziale che ha richiesto l’attivazione della didattica a distanza nelle scuole, focalizzando l’attenzione su una scuola primaria in cui sono stati coinvolti sia docenti sia genitori, attraverso la rilevazione di dati quantitativi e qualitativi, al fine di triangolare i punti di vista. I principali esiti confermano l’importanza di stabilire rapporti di fiducia, di corresponsabilità e di solidarietà tra scuola, famiglia e comunità territoriale al fine di costruire ecosistemi estesi in grado di contrastare le situazioni di crisi e di affrontare quelle di incertezza.

La ricerca educativa è indispensabile per affrontare le situazioni di complessità ed emergenza, per riflettere sui rapporti tra scuola e famiglia e per qualificare i processi di istruzione a distanza (Ciarnella & Santangelo, 2020; Nirchi, 2020; Perissinotto & Bruschi, 2020; Moretti & Morini, 2021). Lo scopo della ricerca “Didattica a distanza al tempo del Covid/19” è stato quello di rilevare informazioni durante la prima fase della pandemia, in cui la scuola è stata impegnata attivando la Didattica a distanza (DAD). Il contributo presenta gli esiti dell’analisi riferita ai 1.333 genitori che hanno partecipato all’indagine. Dai risultati emergono evidenze relative sia alle difficoltà e agli aspetti positivi sia alla qualità delle risorse digitali, che possono contribuire a ripensare il rapporto scuolafamiglia e ad affrontare con maggiore consapevolezza i temi della progettazione e della riprogettazione didattica.

A micro-tube passage is a basic and important element in the design of micro heat exchangers and for this reason during the last decade a series of investigations have been made with the aim to clarify the main scaling effects playing an important role in microtubes. In this paper, a combined analysis of numerically and experimentally obtained average friction factors in microtubes under the situation of under-expanded (choked) gas flow is presented. The working fluid (nitrogen) passes through the microtube and discharges into the atmosphere under an increasing inlet pressure. Experiments and numerical computations are performed for microtubes with 249 and 528.9 mm in diameter, by varying the aspect ratio (i.e. length/diameter) from 100 to 200. The numerical methodology to solve the governing equations is based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. In order to capture the under-expansion characteristics of the flow during choking, the computational domain is extended in the downstream region beyond the microtube outlet. Both experimental and numerical results were obtained for a wide range of Mach number and Reynolds number. In the previous study, it was demonstrated how the outlet Mach number can be expressed as a function of the tube diameter under choked conditions. In this paper, a data reduction procedure for the estimation of the average friction factor between the inlet and the outlet of the microtube is proposed for choked flows in which the outlet gas temperature and pressure are obtained by using the outlet Mach number calculated numerically as a function of the microtube diameter. It is demonstrated how this data reduction method allows an accurate calculation of the average friction factors in microtubes by using a limited number of parameters which are easy to measure. The results obtained in this way are in good agreement with the numerical predictions as well as with the most common empirical correlations.

There exists the laminar flow, transitional flow, turbulent flow and choked flow regimes in a microtube gas flow. Development of a non-invasive identification method of the flow regimes within a microdevice is expected. This paper demonstrated how the internal gas flow regimes can be identified by measuring the distribution of the external wall temperature of the microchannel along the flow direction. A series of experiments were conducted by using nitrogen as working fluid through a stainless steel micro-tube with an inner diameter of 523 µm and a fused silica micro-tube having a diameter of 320 µm. The experiments were performed by fixing the back pressure at the exit of the microchannel at the atmospheric value and by varying the inlet pressure in order to modify the gas flow regime. In order to measure the external wall temperature along the microtube, two or three bare type-K thermocouples with a diameter of 50 µm were attached to the micro-tube external surface by using a high conductivity epoxy. In the case of the microtube having a diameter of 523 µm, local pressures were measured at three local pressure ports along the microtube. The pressure ports were placed on the opposite side of the tube wall where three thermocouples were attached. The microtube external wall was thermally insulated with foamed polystyrene to prevent heat gain or loss from the surrounding. The experimental results show that the wall temperature decreases in the laminar flow regime, increases in the transitional flow regime, decreases in the turbulent flow regime and it stays nearly constants in the choked flow regime. The behavior of the average Fanning friction factor and the local Mach number can be explained by identifying the flow regime. It is clarified that the microtube external wall temperature is a reliable indicator of the flow regime.

Non-intrusive Liquid Crystal Thermography technique (LCT) has been proven as a powerful tool for lowtemperature application in micro-scale systems. It provides high-spatial resolution temperature maps dependent on colour response of heated thermo-chromic liquid crystal material (TLC). Different types of TLCs have been widely used in form of coated paints or water-based droplets in aqueous carrier fluid. Up to now, suitable designs of micro-devices with specific features optimized for their use in the presence of gas micro-flows has still not being proposed. Therefore, the study of a design of single channel micro-device for liquid-gas mixing is presented here. Research work has been performed experimentally and/or numerically to investigate the effect of various geometric designs of micro-devices to provide uniformly distributed TLC particles along a gas flow and to avoid their sedimentation. Beside the geometric design, material and heating systems are of high importance in order to achieve desirable observation of temperature gradients along the channel. Moreover, the flow rate and shear stress inside the channel were set to be minimal due to suspected high sensitivity of TLCs. This paper is intended to bring new insights and fresh perspectives to the development of temperature microscale sensors for practical implementation in the future.

Current Italian legislation obliges employers to prevent workers who are occupationally at risk or who perform jobs that may be hazardous for the safety or health of third parties from consuming alcohol. The LaRA Group undertook to assess whether the law fully safeguards the health and safety of both workers and third parties, without impinging upon the civil rights of workers.A written document expressing agreement was produced following discussions between doctors, lawyers, bioethicists and social partners.There are gaps and inconsistencies in current laws; the differences in local and regional provisions prevent authorities from applying a single strategy at national level. There should be a change in existing rules under which the employer's obligation to enforce the ban on consumption alcohol in the workplace is enacted solely by the "competent" physician whose institutional role is to safeguard and promote health. Some occupational categories that are subject to a ban on alcohol consumption do not currently under-go health surveillance. For example, if road transport drivers are not exposed to a specific occupational risk foreseen under another law, they can be placed under health surveillance only in those regions where the local laws contemplate this type of control. In other cases, the practice of assessing the risk to third parties and providing for compulsory health surveillance in the Risk Assessment Document, is considered by some jurists to be a "consuetudo praeter legem" and therefore acceptable in a field not yet covered by a specific law, but to be "contra legem" or unlawful by other jurists. Moreover, the competent physician who uses a breathanalyser or tests for alcohol addiction faces an ethical dilemma, since by communicating the results to an employer or authorities responsible for the issuing of licenses, he may be violating his professional oath of secrecy. Furthermore, the emphasis placed on testing has induced companies and inspectors to overlook educational and rehabilitation aspects. It is essential to involve general practitioners, educators and specialist services in addressing the problems of alcohol abuse so as to inform/train, recover and rehabilitate. The few studies available indicate that the rules are poorly enforced and that non-compliance may go unobserved.The Group urges all employers to assess the risk for third parties caused by alcohol abuse and to devise a policy on alcohol. Controlling alcohol-related risks in the workplace calls for a better definition of the roles of Vigilance Bod-ies and Company Physicians together with a shift from a reactive to a proactive attitude of all the parties involved.

Microscale fluid dynamics has received intensive interest due to the extraordinary advances in electronic device miniaturization, where the peaks of temperature from hotspots must be reduced by a coolant flowing in a microchannel. One of the most meaningful microscale effects is the emergence of slip flow. The present analysis is concerned with the 2-D velocity distribution of steady-state, hydrodynamically developed, laminar slip flow, for Newtonian fluids in rectangular ducts. The solutions describing velocity profiles, friction factors, shear stresses, momentum flux, and kinetic energy correction factors are derived resorting to the integral transform technique. The results are shown as functions of the aspect ratio and the Knudsen number, in the limit of Kn 0 they reproduce perfectly the well-known results of macroscale fluid dynamics.

Introduction: During radiation therapy (RT) treatment, a real-time monitoring of the delivery could increase patients' safety. An independent monitor system was tested to prove the feasibility of real-time monitoring of calibration errors, malfunctions in multi-leaf collimator (MLC) or inappropriate setup parameter during VMAT plan. Material and Methods: 6 months of measures were carried out mounting the iQM® system below the gantry of an Elekta Synergy accelerator. The repeatability of the detector was tested in >70 quality assurance (QA) sessions. A dummy plan (17 segments 4 × 4 cm2 and 1 segment 10 × 10 cm2 with constant 50 MU per segments) and a complex Head and Neck (H&N) VMAT plan (1 arc with 140 control points, low gantry speed, high MU and low dose rate) were used. Sensitivity was tested by introducing specific dosimetric errors of MU (1÷20%) in the H&N plan. Correlation with gantry and collimator angles was evaluated. Results: Delivering the dummy plan in standard condition (gantry and collimator angles = 0°), a counts mean variability of 0.7 ± 1.0% was detected in comparison with the commissioning day. No statistical difference (ANOVA sign. ~1) was detected for all segments in rotational conditions (gantry angle: 0°–90°–180°–270° and collimator angle: 0°–45°–135°–225°–315°). Contrariwise, unexpected counts were observed in the H&N plan with low angle gantry (120° ÷ 240°), showing a mean dose discrepancy of 2.8 ± 1.0% from the original plan. The ad hoc MU introduced errors were detected within a range of [0.1–0.4%] with a linear trend (R2 = 0.99). Conclusion: The repeatability of measures highlights the robustness of the system. Uncorrected rotation of the gantry or increased MU delivered in comparison with the treatment plan was detected. Following the output for each beam segment with the differential and cumulative approach, the detector enables a real-time check during VMAT treatment finalized to patients' safety and to evaluate the daily condition of the machine during QA.

International audience; Tore Supra routinely addresses the physics and technology of very long-duration plasma discharges, thus bringing precious information on critical issues of long pulse operation of ITER. A new ITER relevant lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launcher has allowed coupling to the plasma a power level of 2.7 MW for 78 s, corresponding to a power density close to the design value foreseen for an ITER LHCD system. In accordance with the expectations, long distance (10 cm) power coupling has been obtained. Successive stationary states of the plasma current pro le have been controlled in real-time featuring (i) control of sawteeth with varying plasma parameters, (ii) obtaining and sustaining a `hot core' plasma regime, (iii) recovery from a voluntarily triggered deleterious magnetohydrodynamic regime. The scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters and power deposition have been documented during L-mode ramp-up phase, a crucial point for ITER before the X-point formation. Disruption mitigation studies have been conducted with massive gas injection, evidencing the difference between He and Ar and the possible role of the q = 2 surface in limiting the gas penetration. ICRF assisted wall conditioning in the presence of magnetic eld has been investigated, culminating in the demonstration that this conditioning scheme allows one to recover normal operation after disruptions. The effect of the magnetic eld ripple on the intrinsic plasma rotation has been studied, showing the competition between turbulent transport processes and ripple toroidal friction. During dedicated dimensionless experiments, the effect of varying the collisionality on turbulence wavenumber spectra has been documented, giving new insight into the turbulence mechanism. Turbulence measurements have also allowed quantitatively comparing experimental results with predictions by 5D gyrokinetic codes: numerical results simultaneously match the magnitude of effective heat diffusivity, rms values of density uctuations and wavenumber spectra. A clear correlation between electron temperature gradient and impurity transport in the very core of the plasma has been observed, strongly suggesting the existence of a threshold above which transport is dominated by turbulent electron modes. Dynamics of edge turbulent uctuations has been studied by correlating data from fast imaging cameras and Langmuir probes, yielding a coherent picture of transport processes involved in the SOL.

Purpose: Evaluate the feasibility to compare and calculate differences between rival plans, optimized and calculated with Tomotherapy and LINAC. The comparison with Tomotherapy software is not possible at the present. The assessment of multiple plans can help to obtain information regarding dose distribution and allows the selection of the best plan for patients Materials and methods:Treatment plans previously performed by non‐planar fields techniques with LINAC, in patients with prone set‐up have been redeveloped by Tomotherapy planning. The technique is based on the contouring of 2 volumes: PTV and PTVTx. Planned mobile junction is performed at PTVTx. To appreciate differences between the 2 levels of treatment, we have analysed plans performed by Tomotherapy, which allows the delivering of high doses with full sparing of OARs. Results:Data analysis shows that treatments performed by Tomotherapy allow a uniform irradiation not achievable with conventional LINAC. PTV and PTVTx coverage is equal to 100% of the dose required for a volume >95% and dose inhomogeneity does not exceed 105–107% of the prescribed dose. In the case of treatments with LINAC and mobile junction techniques, dose inhomogeneity was between 90–115% at volume of 90–95%. The comparison between the rivals plans demonstrates that gradient and high dose conformation obtained by Tomotherapy, does not allow set‐up mistakes. Tomotherapy allows dose uniformity otherwise not possible with LINAC‐based treatments. On average, for the OARs a saving of 20–30% of the volume is been observed. Conclusions: The results of the quantitative analysis confirms that Cranio‐Spinal irradiation using Tomotherapy is advantages for PTV's coverage, to sparing OARs, for dose uniformity distribution and to decrease the treatment time. Possibility of drawing up rival plans allows comparing and finding the best plan for each patient, based on quantitative data.

On the basis of a personal case, the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problems of variants of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta with benign course are discussed. The usefulness of cardio-aortic angioscintigraphy in the interests of early diagnosis of aneurysm and aortography by catheterism for specifying its location and extent, is pointed out. Spontaneous benign development would seem to be tied up with the affected area of the aorta, the modalities of dissection, and above all with the establishment of a distal return breach for blood flow into the aortic lumen. The predominant role of cystic medionecrosis in determining dissection is stressed and the usefulness of intensive pharmacological therapy based essentially on hypotensive and beta-blocking substances confirmed.

The Authors refer about three cases of asymptomatic xanthinuria pointed out after the discovery of very low serum uric acid levels (below 1 mg/100 ml). The above-mentioned cases come out from 137.194 evaluation of serum uric acid carried out in a period of about four years. The values of serum and urinary uric acid and those of total oxypurines in urine of same kinsmen of the three patients have been evaluated; all these values were in the normal range.

Evaluation of stored iron by means of DFOX-induced sideruria in 101 subjects with various degree of hyposideraemia with or without anaemia, is reported. Three groups were examined: 49 patients with chronic loss of blood and malabsorption and urinary iron values up to 1 mg/24hr; 43 with non-bleeding neoplasia, collagen disease, lymphoma, cirrhosis of the liver etc. and values of 1-2mg/24 hr; 9 with rheumatoid arthritis and cirrhosis of the liver and values over 2 mg/24 hr. The reasons why hyposideraemia may accompany incipient of frank tissue hypo-, normo- or hypersiderosis are discussed.

Feline Vector-Borne Diseases show increased global prevalence and some Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species may pose a risk to human health. The diagnosis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species infection in cats is achieved by the combined use of different methods as cytologic examination evidencing intracytoplasmic morulae, serologic tests and molecular assays. The peripheral whole blood is considered the sample of choice for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species DNA detection in cats, but false negative results are reported leading to underestimation of infection prevalence. In order to have a more accurate assessment of the spread of feline vector-borne pathogens, the presence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. DNA in 37 owner and shelter cats subjected to necropsy were prospectively investigated by testing in end-point PCR spleen, bone marrow, blood clot and hair samples. The bacteria identified were genetically characterised. Three shelter cats tested positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA in spleen (one cat) or in hair samples (two cats). None of the cats tested positive in bone marrow and blood samples. From the results obtained, it can be assumed that the use of spleen or hair samples could allow a more reliable detection of A. phagocytophilum DNA in cats with blood tested negative. In the phylogeny constructed with a fragment of the heat shock (groEL) gene nucleotide sequences, all the identified A. phagocytophilum clustered with bacteria infecting a wide range of hosts, including humans, showing a potential zoonotic role.

Il contributo esamina la pratica della Lettura condivisa ad alta voce, svolta con i bambini della prima infanzia, in quanto fondamentale per il loro sviluppo cognitivo ed emotivo e quale dispositivo utile per promuovere la continuità educativa nell’ambito dei servizi educativi per la fascia 0-6 anni, sollecitata dall’istituzione del Sistema integrato di educazione e istruzione (D.Lgs. 65/2017). Nell’indagine osservativa sono state coinvolte 11 sezioni primavera associate ad altrettante scuole dell’infanzia del Lazio. La co-progettazione e realizzazione di un percorso di Lettura condivisa ad alta voce da parte di educatori e insegnanti è stata effettuata nell’ambito di una attività di RicercaFormazione condotta dall’Università Roma Tre, in collaborazione con l’USR Lazio. La ricerca conferma la Lettura condivisa ad alta voce come strategia positiva sia per promuovere la continuità educativa, sia per favorire la partecipazione attiva dei bambini e delle bambine alle attività educative nella fascia zero-sei anni. Inoltre, comprova che la riflessione tra pari e con esperti sulle attività di Lettura condivisa ad alta voce contribuisce alla formazione e allo sviluppo professionale degli educatori e degli insegnanti.

Il contributo presenta gli esiti delle azioni di promozione della lettura svolte da oltre venti anni in modo continuativo e partecipato, in rete, nell’ambito del territorio della città di Roma, zona Est. La rete delle biblioteche scolastiche comprende scuole di ogni ordine e grado, Associazioni dei genitori, Associazioni no profit e Biblioteche pubbliche e coinvolge l’Università degli Studi Roma Tre, case editrici, illustratori, scrittori, esperti di didattica dell’arte. L’esperienza pluriennale conferma l’opportunità di diffondere e consolidare la cultura della condivisione evitando eventi estemporanei e di breve periodo, in favore di iniziative di sistema, multiattore, che intendono dare valore alla lettura, in tutti i suoi aspetti, attraverso la progettazione e realizzazione di attività tematiche, ritualizzate, ricorrenti e stabili nel tempo. La Rete si caratterizza per il coinvolgimento di alunni e famiglie, l’ampia offerta di iniziative (mostre, premi, laboratori ecc.) e la costante attenzione al rapporto tra azione, formazione e ricerca.

Il contributo prende in esame le relazioni presentate nel corso della Quarta Sessione del Convegno internazionale IFLA e ne individua alcuni elementi trasversali su cui riflettere. La prospettiva scelta è quella di contribuire ad immaginare il ruolo e le funzioni che potranno svolgere le biblioteche scolastiche nella scuola del futuro impegnata ad affrontare sia l’emergenza sanitaria, sia le nuove sfide educative.

L’intervento prende in esame il collegamento fra le pratiche di promozione della lettura nell’ambito delle scuole e il nuovo ecosistema digitale, assumendo come punto di partenza le esperienze di due diversi progetti europei Erasmus+: “The Living Book” e “ReadTwinning”. Il progetto “The Living Book” (2016-2019) è basato sul concetto di lettura aumentata, una strategia orientata al lettore di collegamento sistematico e competente fra la lettura di un libro e l’uso di risorse e contenuti on-line, con l’obiettivo di migliorare tanto la comprensione del testo quanto la qualità dell’esperienza di lettura. Il progetto “ReadTwinning” (2019-2022), appena avviato, è basato invece sull’idea di amici di lettura, collegati attraverso interessi condivisi e per mezzo di una piattaforma on-line. Le linee guida metodologiche di tutti e due i progetti assegnano un ruolo centrale alle biblioteche scolastiche, considerate come l’ambiente ideale per promuovere sia la lettura aumentata (in primo luogo attraverso gruppi di lettura orientati agli interessi dei partecipanti) sia l’individuazione di ‘amici di lettura’ che condividano interessi specifici (reading pal) e dei libri per loro più rilevanti.

Theoretical and experimental works on microscale transport phenomena have been carried out in the past decade in the attempt to analyse possible new effects and to assess the influence of scaling on the classical correlations which are used in macro-scale heat and fluid flow, following the need to supply engineers with reliable correlations to be used in the design of micro-scale devices. These results were sometimes in mutual contrast, as is the case for the determination of the friction factor, which has been found to be lower, higher or comparable to that for macroscopic channels, depending on the researchers. In this work the compressible flow of nitrogen inside circular microchannels from 26 m to 508 m in diameter and with different surface roughness (