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A new fatigue tester simulating the movement of the knee is designed and developed in this paper. This fatigue tester allows combining simultaneously cyclic solicitations: bending–traction, twist and abrasion on prostheses ligament. The fatigue test of braided ligaments made of polypropylene was performed in a liquid environment at 37 °C. The combined cyclic solicitations generated an increase of breaking load and stiffness and a decrease of ultimate strain of the braided structure. The new behavior of tested ligaments and the effect of fatigue test parameters on braided ligaments mechanical performances were discussed.

Neonatal renal venous thrombosis may result in severe morbidity. Predisposing conditions are well known. We report the case of an unusual and early neonatal renal venous thrombosis. The mother received an electrical shock at 34 weeks gestation. This case demonstrates that maternal electrical shock effect on the fetus should be early investigated.

L'evolution des explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires (EFR) chez des enfants atteints d'une dysplasie bronchopulmonaire (DBP) a court (avant 3 mois d'âge corrige) et a moyen terme (entre 3 et 9 mois d'âge corrige) est encore imparfaitement connue. Population et methodes. - Les resultats des EFR chez 22 prematures atteints de DBP (âge gestationnel = 31 ± 2,5 semaines d'amenorrhee ; poids de naissance = 1570 ± 440 g ; duree de ventilation artificielle = 46 ± 24 jours ; duree totale d'oxygenation = 88 ± 47 jours) ont ete compares a ceux obtenus chez 27 bebes temoins pour la premiere EFR et dix bebes temoins pour la deuxieme EFR. Il n'y avait pas de difference significative au niveau du poids et de l'indice de corpulence (IC) entre les patients et les enfants temoins. Resultats. - A la premiere EFR, les principales anomalies constatees par rapport au groupe de controle etaient une augmentation du volume gazeux thoracique (VGT) (165 ± 42 vs 122 ± 24 mL ; p < 0,001) et du rapport VGT/IC (1,25 ± 0,31 vs 0,89 ± 0,17 mL/kg/m 2 ; p < 0,0001), une baisse de la compliance pulmonaire (2,49 ± 1,46 vs 11,6 ± 4,50 mL/cmH 2 O ; p < 0,0001) et de la compliance pulmonaire specifique (0,015 ± 0,010 vs 0,100 ± 0,042 mL/cmH 2 O/mL de VGT ; p < 0,0001), une augmentation des resistances pulmonaires totales (20,4 ± 12,1 vs 10,5 ± 5,3 cmH 2 O/L/s ; p < 0,001). A la deuxieme EFR, une augmentation du VGT (235 ± 62 vs 166 ± 28 mL ; p < 0,01) et du rapport VGT/IC (1,64 ± 0,65 vs 0,98 ± 0,11 mL/kg/m 2 ; p < 0,05), une baisse de la compliance pulmonaire (2,68 ± 2,0 vs 15,1 ± 5,7 mL/cmH 2 O ; p < 0,001) et de la compliance pulmonaire specifique (0,013 ± 0,010 vs 1,106 ± 0,050 mL/cmH 2 O/mL de VGT ; p < 0,0001), une augmentation des resistances pulmonaires totales (17,1 ± 9,6 vs 8,6 ± 4,9 cmH 2 O/L/s ; p < 0,05) ont ete trouvees par rapport au groupe controle. Les principales anomalies au niveau des gaz du sang etaient une hypoxie (63 ± 10 vs 85 ± 20 mmHg ; p < 0,0001) et une hypercapnie (38,5 vs 31 ± 4 mmHg ; p < 0,0001) a la premiere EFR. A la deuxieme EFR, l'hypoxie (77 ± 14 vs 90 ± 14 mmHg ; p < 0,05) et l'hypercapnie (37 ± 4 vs 29 ± 5 mmHg ; p < 0,0001) persistaient. Chez les enfants atteints de DBP, la distension thoracique et les resistances pulmonaires totales ne s'amelioraient pas d'une EFR a l'autre, alors qu'une amelioration au niveau de la compliance pulmonaire (p < 0,0001) et de la PaO 2 (p < 0,01) etait notee. Les enfants qui ont ete ventiles pour une maladie des membranes hyalines (MMH) etaient plus hypoxiques a la deuxieme EFR que ceux qui ont ete ventiles pour d'autres pathologies (p < 0,05). Il existait des relations statistiquement significatives entre la distension thoracique et la duree de l'agression barometrique par pression positive inspiratoire (p < 0,05 ; r = 0,43), par pression positive expiratoire (p < 0,05 ; r = 0,45), la duree d'oxygenotherapie (p < 0,05 ; r = 0,55) ; entre les resistances pulmonaires totales et la duree d'une ventilation artificielle a frequence elevee (p < 0,05 ; r = 0,52) ; entre l'hypoxemie et la duree de l'oxygenotherapie a FiO 2 ≥ 60 % (p < 0,05 ; r = 0,54). Conclusion. - Dans cette population de 22 prematures atteints de DBP, il existe encore des troubles respiratoires vers l'âge de 9 mois d'âge conge, associes a des perturbations prolongees des EFR.

Neonatal renal venous thrombosis may result in severe morbidity. Predisposing conditions are well known. We report the case of an unusual and early neonatal renal venous thrombosis. The mother received an electrical shock at 34 weeks gestation. This case demonstrates that maternal electrical shock effect on the fetus should be early investigated.

Reports of short- and medium-term evolution of Lung Function Tests (LFT) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are still scarce.The results of the first (before 3 months of corrected age) and the second (between 3 and 9 months of corrected age) LFT in 22 premature infants with BPD (gestational age 31 +/- 2.5 weeks; birth weight: 1570 +/- 440 g; duration of mechanical ventilation: 46 +/- 24 days, total duration of oxygen therapy: 88 +/- 47 days) were compared to those obtained in 27 normal infants for the first LEF and 10 normal infants for the second LFT, similar to the patients for birth weight and corporeal index (CI).In the first LFT, major abnormalities were an increased thoracic gaz volume (TGV) (16.5 +/- 42 vs 122 +/- 24 mL; P0.001) and TGV CI ratio (1.25 +/- 0.31 vs 0.89 +/- 0.17 ml/kg/m2; P0.0001) a decreased pulmonary compliance (2.49 +/- 1.46 vs 11.60 +/- 4.50 mL/cmH2O; P0.0001) and specific pulmonary compliance (0.015 +/- 0.10 vs 0.100 +/- 0.042 mL/cmH2O/mL de TGV; P0.0001), an increased total pulmonary resistance (20.4 +/- 12.1 vs 10.5 +/- 5.3 cmH2O/L/s; P0.001). In the second LFT, an increased TGV (235 +/- 62 vs 166 +/- 28 mL; P0.01) and TGV CI ratio (1.64 +/- 0.65 vs 0.98 +/- 0.11 ml/kg/m2; P0.05), a decreased pulmonary compliance (2.68 +/- 2.0 vs 15.2 +/- 5.7 mL/cmH2O; P0.0001) and specific pulmonary compliance (0.013 +/- 0.010 vs 0.106 +/- 0.050 mL/cmH2O/mL de TGV; P0.0001), an increased total pulmonary resistance (17.1 +/- 9.6 vs 8.6 +/- 4.9 cmH2O/L/s; P0.05) were noted when compared with the control group results. Major abnormalities of the blood gases were hypoxemia (63 +/- 10 vs 85 +/- 20 mmHg; P0.05), hypercapnia (38.5 vs 31 +/- 4 mmHg; P0.0001) during the first LFT. Hypoxemia (77 +/- 14 vs 90 +/- 14 mmHg and hypercapnia (37 +/- 4 vs 29 +/- 5 mmHg) continued in the second LFT. Thoracic distention and total pulmonary resistances in infants with BPD did not improve but their pulmonary compliance (P0.0001) and PaO2 (P0.01) between the first and second LFT did it. Infants who had been ventilated for a hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were more hypoxic on the second LFT (P0.05) than those who had been ventilated for other causes. Statistically significant relationships were found between thoracic distention and duration of positive inspiratory pressure (P0.05; r = 0.43), duration of positive expiratory pressure (P0.05, r = 0.45) total oxygen therapy duration; between total pulmonary resistance and duration of mechanical ventilation with high frequency (P0.05; r = 0.52); between hypoxemia and duration of oxygen therapy with FiO2or = 60% (P0.05; r = 0.54).This study shows prolonged clinical and functional abnormalities of the respiratory functions requiring longer follow-up.

A case of acute epiglottitis complicated by pulmonary edema, after intubation in a 30 month-old child is reported. The pathophysiology of this complication and its treatment associating oxygen therapy and positive end expiratory pressure are discussed.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243524.]., (Copyright: © 2024 Kilani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243524.].