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AIM:To analyze the influencing factors of visual outcome after vitrectomy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV)combined with vitreous hemorrhage and establish a predictive model.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 129 cases(129 eyes)of patients who underwent vitrectomy for PCV combined with vitreous hemorrhage from June 2021 to January 2024 in our hospital. They were divided into elevated group(71 eyes)and non-elevated group(58 eyes)according to visual outcome at early posoperative stage(within 24 mo). Another 30 cases(30 eyes)of PCV with vitreous hemorrhage undergoing vitrectomy were selected as external validation data. The predictive value of the model for the postoperative visual outcomes of both internal and external populations was evaluated.RESULTS: The non-elevated group had a higher proportion of patients aged ≥60 years, diabetes, continuous abnormalities of the ellipsoid zone(EZ)during surgery, bleeding involving the macular fovea, and postoperative retinal scar formation than the elevated group were independent factors affecting postoperative visual acuity(all P

An adaptive spherical simplex radial cubature information filter-based phase unwrapping (ASSRCIFPU) method is introduced. First, the ASSRCIF method with adaptive adjustment of observation noise variance is introduced within the phase unwrapping for interferograms. The ASSRCIFPU program is implemented by integrating a rapid local phase gradient estimator with a heap sort path-following technique. Second, a deep learning-based interferogram fringe boundary detection model is developed to extract fringe boundary information for the interferograms. Subsequently, the fringe boundary information, the pseudocoherence coefficient map and the residue data from the interferogram are combined to produce a reliability mask map that characterizes the phase quality for the interferograms, which categorize the pixels into high-reliability and low-reliability groups based on the phase quality. Finally, the ASSRCIFPU program first unwraps the high-reliability pixel arrays using heap sort path-following technique, followed by unwrapping the remaining wrapped pixels to retrieve the unwrapped phase of the entire interferogram. Experiments on diverse fringe patterns show that this method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency compared to other commonly used methods.

Coking wastewater contains over 500 species toxic substances, and is recognized as the most intractable treated wastewater. Currently, most domestic coking twastewater is treated by biochemical-physicochemical method,and the final effluent water quality is still difficult to meet the “Discharge Standard for Coking Chemical Industry Pollutants”(GB 16171-2012). Thus, the deep treatment and reuse of coking wastewater has become a hot topic in the industry. In order to make up for the shortage of g-C3N4 monomer, CeO2/N-doped g-C3N4(CeO2/NGCN) composite photocatalysts co-modified with nitrogen doping and CeO2 loading were designed and synthesized with expanding visible light absorption and promoting photogenerated carrier separation. The CeO2/NGCN(mass fraction of 1%) exhibited excellent photodegradation performance, the removal rate of COD and UV254 in the coking wastewater after biological treatment reached 49.79% and 69.37% within 120 min, respectively, which was much higher than that of g-C3N4 and N-doped g-C3N4. This work proved that N-doping and CeO2 loading could effectively broaden the photoresponse range of g-C3N4, facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which provided a reference for the construction of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst with high-efficiency photodegradation activity.

A norm adaptive step size rapidly-exploring random tree （RRT） algorithm suitable for manipulators was proposed to address the issues of fixed step size debugging time, poor collision detection performance, and low search efficiency of the traditional RRT algorithm in multidimensional environments. Firstly, a kinematic model with a 6-degree-of-freedom UR5 manipulator was established, and the forward kinematic analysis was performed. Secondly, by combining the norm inequality and the Jacobian matrix, a step mapping relation between the workspace of the manipulator and the joint space was constructed, dynamically changing the search step size of the joint space while ensuring the effectiveness of collision detection. Finally, the simulation analysis results show that the norm adaptive step size RRT algorithm has higher search efficiency than the traditional fixed step size RRT algorithm and does not require the manual step size adjustment, and the path search time has been reduced by 29.32%, thus improving the efficiency of manipulator path planning.

Objective To investigate the value of CT enterography (CTE) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small intestinal tumors and tumor-like lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging data of 74 patients who underwent CTE in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2022 and were diagnosed with small intestinal tumors and tumor-like lesions based on pathological examination, and according to the nature of lesions, they were divided into malignant tumor group with 54 patients and non-malignant+tumor-like lesion group with 20 patients. The two groups were compared in terms of major axis of tumor, intestinal residual rate, and CT values during plain scan phase, arterial phase, and venous phase. Results Compared with the non-malignant+tumor-like lesion group, the malignant tumor group had significantly higher major axis of tumor and CT value during plain scan phase (Z=-3.512,-3.214,P0.05). In the malignant tumor group, compared with the patients with adenocarcinoma, the patients with lymphoma had significantly higher major axis of tumor and intestinal residual rate (Z=-3.161,-4.853,P0.05). Conclusion CTE can fully display the features of small intestinal tumor and tumor-like lesions and thus provide a basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases.

The existing centroid estimation methods only study the changes of the centroid of exoskeletons, and ignore the coupling between the human body and exoskeletons. In order to study the change of the centroid in the human-exoskeleton-load coupling system, a centroid estimation method based on the statically equivalent serial chain was proposed. Firstly, a human-exoskeleton-load coupling system model was established, and the kinematic parameters required for the model were acquired by the human motion characteristics experiment. Secondly, the experimental process was simulated in the OpenSim simulation environment, and the changes of the center of mass of the human-exoskeleton-load coupling system under different loading conditions were obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the centroid model was proved through the theoretical calculation and the simulation, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of exoskeletons in the human-machine carrying.

In order to achieve accurate control of the lower extremity exoskeleton, the joint torque was analyzed when the exoskeleton climbed the slope with different loads. Based on the third generation of the human-machine portable assisted exoskeleton robot of Southwest Jiaotong University, the exoskeleton dynamics model was established by the Lagrange method, and the calculation expressions of each joint torque were obtained. The lower extremity motion data was obtained by the 3D motion capture system, the driving torque required by the joint was calculated by the Matlab software, and the torque variation law was obtained during the process of climbing the slope. Finally, the three-dimensional exoskeleton model was established in SolidWorks software and imported into Adams software for dynamic simulation, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified by comparing with the theoretical calculation results. The results of this study can increase the accuracy of the control results in the process of the exoskeleton climbing and the comfort of wearing the exoskeleton.

Strain S10, isolated from the intestine of Apostichopus japonicus, is able to produce alginate lyase at a high yield. In order to scrutinize its genome sequence and to explore gene resources related to alginate lyase, strain S10 was identified through morphological observation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Then, its whole genome was sequenced using Illumina second-generation sequencing technology and PacBio, the third-generation high-throughput sequencing platform. The sequencing data were used for genome assembly, gene prediction, and gene function annotation. In addition, based on the annotation results, bioinformatics analysis and structure prediction were performed on three sets of putative alginate lyase gene sequences in strain S10. The results showed that strain S10 was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, with a total genome length of 5 397 046 bp and a GC content of 44.59%. The genome was composed of two chromosomes and one plasmid. A total of 4 936 protein-coding genes, 127 tRNA genes and 37 rRNA genes were predicted. Totally 4 039, 3 163, 3 104 and 96 functional genes were annotated in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes (CAZy) databases, respectively. In addition, three groups of potential alginate lyase genes, alg4755, alg4756 and alg4760, were found in strain S10. Bioinformatics analysis showed that alginate lyases Alg4755, Alg4756 and Alg4760 all belonged to the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) and had three highly conserved motifs of the PL7 family, R*E*R, Q(I/V)H and Y*KAG*Y*Q. In summary, the sequencing and analysis of the whole genome of S10 strain is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of efficient enzyme production by this strain and for exploring new alginate lyases, and also provides a theoretical basis for follow-up research on enzyme expression and industrial application.

Objective To systematically analyze and identify key risk factors for postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage using a combination of the random forest (RF) model and traditional logistic regression analysis, so as to provide data support for clinical practice. Methods This study included patients who underwent needle biopsy of lung masses from January 2020 to December 2023 in the Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University. There were 844 cases, including 387 males and 457 females, ranging in age from 39 to 82 years. Clinical data and puncture-related characteristics were collected, including tumor size, puncture depth, puncture angle, presence of emphysema, lesion location in the lung, body position during puncture, whether the puncture passed through the interlobar fissure, and the number of punctures. The RF model was used to rank the importance of all variables, identifying those with the highest predictive value. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to the top-ranked important variables to further evaluate their independent impact on postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage. Results The RF model results showed that tumor size and puncture depth had the highest importance in predicting the risk of postoperative pulmonary hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that smaller tumor size (HR:0.980, 95% CI:0.971-0.989, P

To strengthen the management and protection of soil water resources in the Yellow River source area(SRYR), this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the infiltration of soil water in alpine meadows. Meanwhile, the recharge source and mode of soil water in the SRYR were analyzed. The results indicated that both piston flow mode and priority flow mode were present, with the piston flow mode being predominant. The contributions of priority flow mode to deep soil water in different parts of the SRYR were as follows: South > West > North > East. The contributions of piston flow mode to deep soil water were as follows: East > North > West > South. In the heavy ablation period in 2021, precipitation was identified as the primary recharge source of soil water in the SRYR. The contribution rates of precipitation to soil water decreased with the increase in soil depth. The contribution rate of precipitation to soil water on the sunny slope was slightly higher than that on the shady slope. Different vegetation types had obvious effects on the recharge proportions of soil water. In addition, the contribution rates of precipitation to soil water decreased with the increase in altitude, while the contribution rates of ground ice increased with the increase in altitude. This study can provide theoretical support for soil water management and protection in the SRYR, which is conducive to the sustainable development of soil water resources.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, secondary osteophyte formation, subchondral osteosclerosis and synovial inflammation. Acupotomy is one of the effective ways to treat KOA in clinic, which can release the stimulation through multiple ways and targets, relieve the stress concentration points, restore the mechanical balance of the knee and improve the function of patients with KOA. The "Clinical Guidelines for Acupotomy Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis" (referred to as "Guidelines") proposed by the Acupotomology Branch of the China Association of Chinese Medicine for the first time fully standardizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan of acupotomy, and provides reliable evidence reference for the clinical decision-making and practice of KOA. In order to further promote and apply the Guidelines, this study interprets the guidelines from the aspects of formulating purpose and significance, clinical safety, clinical application scope, recommended diagnosis and treatment plan, standardized treatment of adverse reactions, etc., attempting to improve the application level of acupotomy in the diagnosis and treatment of KOA. This paper focuses on the scope of application and contraindications of acupotomy in the diagnosis and treatment of KOA, standardized requirements for the operation of acupotomy in the treatment of KOA, staged acupotomy diagnosis and treatment plan and selection of standardized treatment points, precautions for acupotomy treatment of KOA, clinical applicability and effectiveness of the Guidelines, shortcomings and development suggestions, etc., so as to promote the application of the guidelines in the clinical treatment of KOA.

Abstract [Objective] To enhance the resistance of non-heading Chinese cabbage to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), this study preliminarily explored the interaction mechanism between BcCHC1 protein of nonheading Chinese cabbage and TuMV. [Methods] The study firstly identified members of the heavy chain clathrin (CHC) gene family, BcCHCs, from non-heading Chinese cabbage, and then cloned CHC1 gene. BcCHC1 subcellular localization was analyzed, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was used to verify the interaction between TuMV and BcCHC1. Finally, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to silence BcCHC1 expression and its function was assessed. [Results] BcCHC1 gene from non-heading Chinese cabbage was cloned, with a coding sequence length of 5 124 bp, encoding 1 708 amino acids. qRT-PCR results showed a significant decrease in the relative expression level of Bc- CHC1 gene in non-heading Chinese cabbage infected with TuMV after 30 days. Subcellular localization revealed that BcCHC1 protein was located in the cell membrane and nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. BiFC assay analysis confirmed that BcCHC1 interacted with CI and 6K2: Interaction with CI was mainly occurring in the nucleus, while interaction with 6K2 mainly on the cell membrane. Observations of BcCHC1-silenced lines showed that silencing BcCHC1 gene led to plant death. [Conclusion] BcCHC1 regulates the infection of non-heading Chinese cabbage by TuMV through interaction with CI and 6K2, thereby affecting the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway and virus replication. However, the mechanism by which Bc- CHC1 regulates TuMV infection in non-heading Chinese cabbage requires further study.

The issues of environment and health caused by emerging contaminants have become a worldwide focus. The sewage discharged from medical institutions is one of the important sources of emerging contaminants in the environment. During the current period of normalization of key infectious disease prevention and control, the concentration of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater has significantly increased, along with an increase of potential hazards to aquatic ecology. In response to such phenomena, the category and concentration of antibiotics,endocrine disrupting chemicals, and potential emerging contaminants in medical wastewater were discussed. The fate, removal rate, and contribution of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater to the environment was explored. Further the single compound toxicity and comprehensive toxicity of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater was elaborated. Finally, the current sewage discharge standards for medical institutions in China failure to control emerging contaminants was point out, the traditional sewage treatment processes were hard to effectively remove of emerging contaminants. Therefore, it was imperative to develop advanced techniques for standardized and tertiary treatment of medical wastewater.

Abstract Biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to remove nitrobenzene in groundwater and soil. However, the capacity of this material to enhance the biological reduction of nitrobenzene and alter microbial communities in anaerobic groundwater have not been explored. In this study, the nitrobenzene removal performance and mechanism of modified biochar-supported zerovalent iron (ZVI) composites were explored in anaerobic soil. The results showed that the 700 °C biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene and inhibited its release from soil to the aqueous phase. NaOH-700-Fe50 had the highest removal rate of nitrobenzene, reaching 64.4%. However, the 300 °C biochar composite inhibited the removal of nitrobenzene. Microbial degradation rather than ZVI-mediated reduction was the main nitrobenzene removal pathway. The biochar composites changed the richness and diversity of microbial communities. ZVI enhanced the symbiotic relationship between microbial genera and weakened competition between soil microbial genera. In summary, the 700 °C modified biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene by increasing microbial community richness and diversity, by upregulating functional genes, and by promoting electron transfer. Overall, the modified biochar-supported ZVI composites could be used for soil remediation, and NaOH-700-Fe50 is a promising composite material for the on-site remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.

The capacity of distributed photovoltaic impacts the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. Energy storage in distribution feeders has emerged as a pivotal solution for consuming distributed photovoltaic. However, it is challenged to balance the economic viability of energy storage investing and grid reliability. In response, a method of optimizing the configuration of energy storage in distribution feeders based on the new model of counter configuration of the renewables from energy storage is proposed, which takes into account both the economy and reliability aspects. Firstly, an economic model for optimizing energy storage in distribution feeders is established. Secondly, a grid reliability simulation is performed based on the results of the economic optimization of energy storage in distribution feeders. Finally, considering the comprehensive indexes of economy and reliability, the different nodes are evaluated for site selection using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the energy storage configuration scheme is determined by the cumulative distribution curve. The simulation results show that the consuming capacity of distributed photovoltaic in the distribution feeders is effectively improved, and better balance the economic viability of energy storage investing with grid reliability, which can be used as a reference for the reasonable determination of ratios of the energy storage for renewables.

The free electron spin dynamics in Kapitza–Dirac (KD) effect had been studied theoretically in one-dimensional standing wave of EUV to X-ray laser with extremely high intensity, which is far beyond experimental realization. Here, we propose to achieve the free electron spin-dependent KD effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice with spatial inversion symmetry breaking, and the theoretical results reveal that laser with wavelength in visible or near-IR and five orders of magnitude decreased intensity could lead to obvious spin-dependent KD effect. This work provides the way to realize the free electron spin-dependent KD effect experimentally.

Objective To investigate the factors which may cause thermal injury of abdominal skin in patients with uterine fibroids (UFs) who underwent ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS).Method A total of 123 patients were enrolled in the injury group. In contrast, 246 patients without thermal injury were assigned to the non-injury group. The relationship between patient and treatment parameters and injury were explored using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analyses. In addition, the factors influencing the degree of thermal injury were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis H.Results (1) Abdominal scars (p = .007, OR = 2.187, 95% CI: 1.242–3.849), abdominal wall thickness (p

Objective To systematically evaluate the methodological quality of clinical practice guideline, expert consensus and standard for allergic rhinitis in China.Methods Databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, and websites of Yimaitong, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, China Association of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine were searched for clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus and standard for allergic rhinitis from inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently screeneds the literature and extracted relevant information according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AGREE II tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies by four researchers and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the consistency of results.Results A total of 14 articles were included, including 4 clinical practice guidelines, 9 expert consensus, and 1 standard. The ICC between researchers was 0.967. The average standardized scores for the scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, editorial independence were 73.29%, 42.43%, 29.40%, 69.19%, 44.76%, and 4.76%, respectively. There were 0, 12, and 2 literatures with recommended level of A, B, and C, respectively.Conclusion The methodology qualities of clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus and standards for allergic rhinitis in China need to be improved in terms of applicability, editorial independence, and rigor of development, in order to promote the clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis patients.

ObjectiveTo establish a culture-dependent rapid detection method for gas-producing spoilage bacteria in vinegar.MethodsOne kind of medium was screened out from six candidate media and modified. Then its specificity， accuracy， and sensitivity were determined， on which a detection method was proposed. This method was subsequently applied to assess heat sterilization conditions and preservative concentrations for vinegar products and to verify the detection effectiveness of vinegar products.ResultsA modified MRS medium that could specifically detect gas-producing spoilage bacteria in vinegar samples was proposed， with which negative results were obtained targeting at other 12 spoilage bacteria isolated from vinegar. The established method was adopted to examine 75 unknown vinegar samples and plastic bottle incubation method was used as control. Consistent results were obtained using both methods， however the detection rate of established method was 3-5 times faster than control， with a detection limit （initial bacterial count） ranging from 1 CFU to 10 CFU. The larger bacterial load is， the shorter detection time would be. And it will take only 1-2 d for high-contamination vinegar samples. Results also showed that sterilization at 75-85 ℃ for 5-15 min could effectively kill the gas-producing spoilage bacteria that is recalcitrant to common preservatives within their maximum allowable concentrations. The verification was in agreement with the actual situation.ConclusionThe constructed method features fast， specific， accurate， and sensitive. This study sheds light on detection and comprehensive control of gas-producing spoilage bacteria for vinegar enterprises.

Aiming at the dynamic overturning stability of hydraulic heavy-duty manipulators, a path planning method based on the improved rapidly-exploring random tree（RRT） algorithm is proposed. Different from the static stability checking only in dangerous conditions, the algorithm takes the optimal dynamic overturning stability of the manipulator as the goal, and carries out the optimal path planning in the joint space of the manipulator. Taking a seven-dimensional array of seven joint variables as sampling points, combined with positive kinematics and moment method, the dynamic overturning stability calculation model of the manipulator is established, in order to enhance the heuristic of the algorithm. The random points of the optimal anti-overturning moment under the corresponding pose are selected as the sampling points. The simulation experiments on the Matlab platform show that the overturning margin of the improved RRT algorithm is increased by 37%, 28% and 38% respectively under three typical conditions, and the anti-overturning stability of the hydraulic heavy-duty manipulator platform is effectively improved.

The appropriate flowering time is of great significance for crop yield. In the cropping pattern of “rice-rice-oil” in southern region, researching on the flowering period of Brassica napus can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of early maturing rape varieties. The AP2 family transcription factors in rape are widely involved in the growth and development and play an important role during flower development. However, there are few studies exploring the regulation of AP2 at the microRNA level. In order to investigate the regulatory functions of the miR172 precursor (pre-miR72) and mature body (miR172) on AP2 gene in rape, the regulatory elements of miR172 and AP2 promoters were predicted based on bioinformatics, then the evolutionary relationship of six rape AP2 genes and the targeting relationship between miR172 and AP2 were analyzed, and the expression patterns of AP2, miR172 and pre-miR172 in different tissues of early and late maturing rape were detected by qRT-PCR. Finally, the correlation between miR172 abundance and AP2 expression level was studied, as well as the correlation between pre-miR172 and miR172. The results were as follows: (1) Both miR172 and AP2 promoter regions had cis-elements that regulated flower development. (2) The six AP2sequences holded the strong purification selection, and they were the target genes of miR172 based on their binding sites for miR172. (3) miR172 family could promote the flowering of early maturing rape by increasing AP2 expression levels, except for miR172d. In late maturing rape, miR172a and miR172c performed weakly in flowering, while miR172b and miR172d worked together to reduce the expression level of AP2 to inhibit flowering. (4) The pre-miR172 family had a promoting effect on the expression level of miR172 family in early maturing rape; in late maturing rape, pre-miR172a and pre-miR172b exerted positive regulation on the formation of their mature bodies, while pre-miR172c and pre-miR172d exerted the opposite effects. After overexpression of pre-miR172, the expression patterns of miR172 and AP2 remained consistent with the above results, confirming the regulatory function of pre-miR172 on miR172 and AP2. The results of this study enrich the functional regulation pathway of rape AP2 gene, and provide new ideas for the study of gene regulatory function.

The theory of generalized metric spaces is an active topic in general topology. In this article, we utilize the concepts of ideal convergence and networks to discuss the metrization problem and the mutual classification problem between spaces and mappings in topological spaces. We define ℐ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}-snsn-metrizable spaces, obtain several characterizations of ℐ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}-snsn-metrizable spaces, and establish some mapping relations between ℐ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}-snsn-metrizable spaces and semi-metric spaces. These not only generalize some theorems in generalized metric theory, but also find further applications of ideal convergence in general topology.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the nutritional status of individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer and compare the nutritional indicators and intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients. The findings aim to contribute to the early prevention of malnutrition and the development of interventions targeting the intestinal flora to treat esophageal cancer.MethodsAn 80-patient sample of hospitalized individuals with esophageal cancer was selected from the radiotherapy department of our hospital between July 2021 and July 2022 to evaluate NRS2002 scores and PG-SGA scores. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to examine the disparities in dietary nutrient intake, blood indicators, body composition, and fecal intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients with esophageal cancer. Additionally, we randomly selected 40 cases to predict and analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and malnutrition.ResultsThe incidence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer was 62.5% and 60%, respectively. The low intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in the malnutrition group was statistically significant compared to those in the non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). The albumin (ALB) level was lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was higher; these differences were also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The basal metabolic rate, phase angle, body cell mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and fat-free mass index in the malnutrition group all decreased compared to the non-malnutrition group. The extracellular water/total body water was higher than that in the non-malnutrition group, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal intestinal flora, there was no significant difference in α and β diversity between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups; at the genus level, significant differences were observed for Selimonas, Clostridioides, Dielma, Lactobacillus, and [Eubacterium]_siraeum_group. However, Dielma, Sellimonas, and Clostridioides were significantly lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while Anaerococcus, Atopobium, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the malnutrition group. Correlation analysis between different genera and clinical indicators showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with ALB, dietary energy, intracellular water/total body water (ICW/TBW), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body water (TBW), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat-free mass (FFM), Weight, body mass index (BMI) (r > 0, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with PG-SGA score, NRS2002 score, and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) (r < 0, P < 0.05). Based on PG-SGA, there was only a low accuracy for identifying nutrient deficiency (most areas under curve (AUC) values fell within 0.5 to 0.7, or even lower), with Lachnoclostridium's AUC being 0.688 (CI = 0.518–0.858) and Lactobacillus_salivarius_g_Lactobacillus's AUC being 0.257 (CI = 0.098–0.416). A KEGG functional analysis based on 16S data indicated potential differences affecting glucose metabolism pathways and the synthesis or division of DNA, influencing the onset, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionEsophageal cancer patients are more likely to be malnourished. The nutritional status of these patients is closely linked to the intake of carbohydrates and fiber, albumin levels, inflammation levels, and lean body mass. Furthermore, the patient's intestinal flora composition plays a significant role in their nutritional well-being. Consequently, modulating the intestinal flora holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for addressing malnutrition in esophageal cancer patients.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2100048141

Marine cultural heritage (MCH) is an essential carrier of marine civilization and a critical component of marine resources. However, it is often neglected in the current marine spatial planning (MSP) of many countries, leading to an imbalance between culture, ecology, and economy. The difficulty in defining specific spatial boundaries for areas with sociocultural value is one reason for this dilemma. This study covers 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China, and it aims to determine the spatial zoning scheme of MCH resources from macroscopic and quantitative perspectives and to provide a reference for the integrated management of marine resources. We analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of MCH with the help of ArcGIS spatial statistics and analysis tools. We built an indicator system of influencing factors and quantified the weight of each indicator factor by GeoDetector. We drew the following conclusions: (1) The spatial distribution of MCH has significant clustering characteristics. The clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangtze River Delta, and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits; MCH in the Yangtze River Delta has the most vital continuity. (2) In different historical periods, the distribution of MCH has had apparent spatial heterogeneity. MCH was most densely distributed around the Shandong Peninsula and Yangtze River Delta during the Pre-Qin Period. During the Qin-Han Period, Guangdong and Guangxi became new hotspots; these moved northward to Fujian during the Sui-Tang Period. During the Song-Yuan to the Ming-Qing Period, the density of heritage in Fujian further increased. After the Modern Times, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, and Tianjin formed the pattern of arching around the Bohai Sea. (3) The results of geographic correlation analysis show that, overall, watersheds have the greatest explanatory power on the MCH pattern. In contrast, dialects have the greatest explanatory power in the northern and southern coastal areas, respectively. The results of the detection of influencing factor indicators show that, from the overall scope, natural elements are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of MCH, with a weight of 37.4%. Economic elements are first in the northern coastal area, weighing 30.2%. In the southern coastal area, natural elements are in the first place, with a contribution value of 32.0%, and the contribution value of cultural and economic elements is similar. (4) Based on the spatial and temporal distribution, relevant influencing factors, and composition characteristics of MCH, the 11 coastal provinces and cities can be divided into four heritage regions, namely, the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, west coast of the Taiwan Straits, and Lingnan MCH area, in addition to 12 secondary regions. The zoning scheme is consistent with the geographical differentiation of Chinese marine culture, which indicates that spatial statistical analysis and GeoDetector can provide technical support for the spatial zoning of MCH resources. This methodology applies equally to zoning studies of marine intangible cultural heritage and other thematic cultural heritage. The results can provide a reference for managing marine resources under national spatial planning as well as a basis for creating cultural brands in coastal cities.

Objective·To analyze the changes in the use of antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide reference for the improvement of antimicrobial drug management in the hospital.Methods·The point prevalence survey was conducted to investigate the usage of antibiotics and nosocomial infection of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University on October 16, 2019, and September 15, 2022, respectively. The related data were summarized by Excel 16.0 and analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software. The related data were described by utilization rate and constituent ratio, and χ2 test was used for comparative analysis.Results·In 2019, a total of 474 patients were enrolled and their antimicrobial utilization rate was 48.1% on the day of the survey; in 2022, a total of 484 patients were enrolled and their antimicrobial utilization rate was 33.5% on the day of the survey. Compared with 2019, the rate of antibiotic usage in hospitalized patients showed an overall downward trend in 2022. The usage rate of only one antimicrobial agent increased from 38.6% to 82.7% (χ2=75.182, P=0.000), the usage rate of double therapy decreased from 40.8% to 14.2% (χ2=32.048, P=0.000), and the usage rate of quadruple therapy decreased from 14.0% to 0 (χ2=24.769, P=0.000). In 2019 and 2022, the usage rate of surgical prophylactic antibiotics was 61.5% and 88.1%, and the usage rate of two or more surgical prophylactic antibiotics was 38.5% and 11.9%, respectively. The usage rate of surgical prophylactic antibiotics in 2022 was higher than that in 2019 (χ2=27.297, P=0.000). The rate of antibiotic usage with medication records increased from 4.0% to 97.8% (χ2=695.523, P=0.000), and the rate of antibiotic withdrawal records increased from 22.4% to 91.0% (χ2=468.698, P=0.000). The rate of empirical usage of antibiotics by clinicians decreased from 47.3% to 35.8% (χ2=260.038, P=0.000), and the rate of antibiotic usage based on inflammatory indicators increased from 18.9% to 27.0% (χ2=505.637, P=0.000). The rate of antibiotics compliance increased from 88.6% to 92.1% (χ2=464.573, P=0.000). The most common type of nosocomial infection in 2019 and 2022 was pneumonia, accounting for 64.7% and 81.0%.Conclusion·The level of antibacterial drug management in the hospital has been stable and improved, and the standardization of the usage of antibacterial drugs by medical staff has been improved. Hospital managers should improve the construction of information technology for rational use of antimicrobial drugs, emphasize departmental collaboration, and work together to formulate work plans to improve the rate of rational usage of antimicrobial drugs and enhance patient satisfaction.

[Objective] One of the most efficient and economical approaches for storing and transporting hydrogen energy is to blend hydrogen at a certain ratio into the existing natural gas pipeline network for large-scale long-distance transmission. However, the exposure of pipeline steel to hydrogen environments can lead to hydrogen embrittlement, which undermines its mechanical properties and poses potential risks to pipeline safety. Consequently, it is crucial to evaluate the mechanical properties of pipeline steel used for hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas(HCNG) transmission and understand the influence rules of hydrogen blending ratios on the steel's susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. [Methods] Slow strain rate tensile experiments were conducted with in-situ hydrogen charging under high-pressure gas-phase conditions using a self-designed experimental system adhering to the requirements of Standard Test Method for Determination of Susceptibility of Metals to Embrittlement in Hydrogen Containing Environments at High Pressure, High Temperature, or Both(ASTM G142-2016). Additionally, quasi-static fracture toughness experiments with in-situ hydrogen charging under high-pressure gas-phase conditions were performed using an Instron 8801 servo hydraulic fatigue test system. These experiments investigated the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of X65 pipeline steel, considering varying hydrogen pressure conditions. Moreover, the influence of different hydrogen blending ratios on the mechanical properties of the pipeline steel was analyzed, taking into account fracture morphology characteristics. [Results] The X65 pipeline steel exhibited a decrease in total percentage elongation after fracture by up to 11.5% when hydrogen was charged at 3%,5%, and 10% under a total pressure of 9 MPa, compared to hydrogen-free environments. The fracture toughness decreased by 23.5% and 43.1%, respectively, when hydrogen was charged at 3% and 10%. The severity of hydrogen embrittlement increased with higher hydrogen ratios. Concerning fracture morphology, specimens with hydrogen ratios below 10% displayed ductile fractures without typical brittle fracture morphology. [Conclusion] To ensure the safe operation of X65 pipelines, particularly those that have been in service for several years, it is recommended to conduct evaluations and analyses of the mechanical properties, focusing on the steel's susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement before introducing HCNG transmission.

The abatement of sonic boom noise level is a decisive issue for supersonic transport of next generation. The low sonic boom optimization always make the configuration to a trend of higher swept and longer distribution of the wing along the fuselage，which is unfavorable to the trim and low speed characteristics. A civil supersonic transport is researched. A parametric geometry representation method based on class function/shape function transformation（CST）is developed to describe the wing body configuration. The effects of geometry parameters on sonic boom is analyzed by supersonic linearized theory. Based on the above work，the low sonic boom and pitch moment characteristics optimization are taken for the fuselage，wing planform and twists separately and the optimal result is validated by CFD. The numerical simulation results show that compared with the basic configuration，the drag decrease 19 cts（unit of drag coefficient）and the over pressure at near-field is abated obviously without the distinct increase of pitch moment，which bring 5.1 PLdB reduction of loudness on the ground.

Objective To understand the research status and hot topics in the reform of teaching in preventive medicine courses and provide references for researchers in this field.Method The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) core databases were selected. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 visualization analysis software was used to draw maps and analyze the data.Results 3,410 relevant articles were included, 2,940 of which were included in the CNKI database, and 470 relevant articles were included in the WOS core database. The analysis showed that the distribution of authors was relatively dispersed, and there was less collaboration. The main publishing institutions were public health schools of higher education institutions. The institution with the highest number of publications in China was the School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and the institution with the highest number of publications overseas was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of United States. The teaching practice and experiment, teaching methods and their effect evaluation of preventive medicine courses are current research hotspots.Conclusion The current research perspective of the teaching reform of preventive medicine courses is single and in a poor quality, it is necessary to further strengthen inter-institutional cooperation and exchange to provide the basis for high-quality research.

Abstract Background Pleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical feature that presents a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the biomarkers, ratios, and multiple indicators in serum and Pleural effusion for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from non-tuberculosis effusion (non-TPE). Methods The participants, who were divided into two groups: TPE and non-TPE (MPE and PPE), from Ningbo First Hospital, were incorporated in this study. The clinical and laboratory features were collected and analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Twelve biomarkers and their ratios in serum and PE were investigated for TPE versus non-TPE. Additionally, the value of multiple indicators for joint diagnosis was estimated. Results Biomarkers and ratios showed good diagnostic performance. The five variables including Serum ADA, IGRA, Effusion ADA, Effusion ADA/Serum ADA and Effusion LDH/Effusion ADA were identified as valuable parameters for differential diagnosis of TPE from non-TPE. The combined diagnosis of the five indexes yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for TPE with an AUC (0.919), sensitivity (90.30%), and specificity (94.50%). Conclusions The biomarkers and ratios demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, and the utilization of multiple indicators for joint diagnosis can improve the diagnostic efficacy of tuberculous pleurisy.

Wheat gluten insoluble dietary fiber has special physiological functions. In recent years the attention of domestic and foreign scholars to insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran has also been increasing year by year. In this paper, the composition and function of wheat bran dietary fiber and wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber were introduced in a brief way. The extraction methods of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber, such as physical method, chemical method, biological method and chemical-enzymatic method, were introduced briefly. The effect of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran on the quality of flour products, such as noodles, steamed bread and bread, was elucidated in order to provide a reference for further research on the extraction method of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran and its application in flour products.

[Objective] The effects of ecological engineering restoration technology on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon distribution were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for improving soil structure stability and carbon sink function of different ecological restoration slopes at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station. [Methods] Four different ecological restoration slopes at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station were studied: vegetation concrete (CBS), thick base material spraying (TB), frame beam covering soil (FB), and external soil spraying (SS). The distribution and stability of soil aggregates and the characteristics of organic carbon content were determined by the wet sieve method for two natural restoration slopes: natural forest (NF) and abandoned land (AS, used as the control). [Results] ① The soil for each slope was dominated by large aggregates >0.25 mm. The macroaggregate content in natural forest was the highest (81.83%). The vegetation concrete and thick base material slope had the second highest macroaggregate contents, and the macroaggregate content of waste residue land was the lowest (55.19%). The MWD and GMD values of the four artificial ecological restoration slopes were lower than the values of the natural forest, and higher than the values of the waste residue land. The values of the thick substrate slope were the highest (2.96 mm and 1.47 mm), respectively. The fractal dimension (D) of the soil spray seeding and slag field was significantly higher (p0.25 mm were the highest in all ecological restoration slope measures. In addition to soil spray seeding and waste residue land, other restoration measures and natural forests had the largest contribution rate of >2 mm soil aggregates. ③ Correlation analysis showed that SOC was significantly positively correlated with MWD, GMD, and R0.25 (p5 mm and 5—2 mm were significantly positively correlated with soil MWD, GMD, R0.25, and SOC (p

Human activities and climate change have resulted in frequent and intense weather fluctuations, leading to diverse abiotic stresses on crops which hampers greatly their metabolic activities. Heat stress, a prevalent abiotic factor, significantly influences cotton plant biological activities resulting in reducing yield and production. We must deepen our understanding of how plants respond to heat stress across various dimensions, encompassing genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites for effective cotton breeding. Multi-omics methods, primarily genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, proves instrumental in studying cotton’s responses to abiotic stresses. Integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomic is imperative for our better understanding regarding genetics and molecular basis of heat tolerance in cotton. The current review explores fundamental omics techniques, covering genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to highlight the progress made in cotton omics research.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of interaction of hypertension and abdominal obesity on morbidity of diabetes and to provide the scientific bases for preventing diabetes.MethodsA total of 11 914 people who took the physical examination in 2019 were examined with cluster sampling method for the interaction analysis. The data was collected by physical measurements and laboratory tests. SPSS 16.0 and interaction models were used for data analysis.ResultsIn the subjects there were 75.19% with abdominal obesity， 47.99% with hypertension， 16.26% with diabetes， and 39.42% had abdominal obesity plus hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed， after adjusting gender and age， the abdominal obesity（OR=1.29， 95%CI：1.14‒1.46） and hypertension （OR=2.93， 95%CI： 2.63‒3.26） were related to high risk of diabetes. There was no multiplicative interaction effect between abdominal obesity and hypertension （OR=0.98，95%CI： 0.76‒1.27）. The additive interaction was significant between abdominal obesity and hypertension with RERI=0.53（95%CI：0.09‒0.98）， AP=0.14（95%CI：0.02‒0.26）， and SI=1.24（95%CI：1.01‒1.52）.ConclusionThere is a synergistic effect on morbidity of diabetes between abdominal obesity and hypertension. The improvement of weight and control of blood pressure could prevent significantly the diabetes.

ObjectiveTo explore the neuroprotective effects of swimming exercise on rats with vascular dementia (VD) based on the PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway.MethodsA total of 48 male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and experimental group, with 12 and 36 cases respectively. The permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method was used to establish the model in the experimental group, which was randomly divided to model group, swimming exercise group and drug group, with 12 cases in each group. The swimming exercise group underwent load-free swimming training for 30 min/(time·day), lasting for four weeks; the drug group received intraperitoneal injections of monosialotetrahexose ganglioside sodium, 0.33 mg/(kg·day) , lasting for four weeks; the other two groups were allowed free activity for four weeks. After four weeks of intervention, Morris water maze experiment was used to observe behavioral changes of rats; transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA and protein.Results(1) Behavioral changes: compared with the sham operation group, the average escape latency in the model group was significantly prolonged, and the number of platform crossing significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (PPPP

Pseudogenes were initially thought to have no function and were called by aliases, such as "junk genes." With the emergence of large-scale genomics projects and more and more experimental studies, pseudogenes have been shown to play an important role in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, especially playing an important regulatory role in the occurrence and develepment of liver cancer, such as regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunity of liver cancer cells. Recent studies showed that pseudogenes can act as regulators of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and can thus serve as prognostic markers and even therapeutic targets for this cancer type. In this review, we systematically summarize the mechanisms and functions of different pseudogenes in HCC and present their future prospects as therapeutic targets.

[Objective] The effects of ryegrass growth on the physical properties and shear resistance of a mixed substrate were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the rapid restoration of coal gangue hill vegetation and for the prevention of soil erosion. [Methods] The physical structure of gangue is poor and the nutrient content is low. Ryegrass was planted in pots to which phosphogypsum and mycorrhizal residue were added to determine the effect of ryegrass growth on the physical properties and shear resistance of a mixed substrate. [Results] ① The addition of different proportions of phosphogypsum and mycorrhizal slag significantly increased the growth of ryegrass. Height, aboveground dry biomass, root weight density, and chlorophyll content of ryegrass on the mixed coal gangue substrate consisting of 20% phosphogypsum and 10% mycorrhizal slag had the best effect, followed by the mixed substrate consisting of 10% phosphogypsum and 10% mycorrhizal slag. ② The addition of phosphogypsum and slag significantly increased the aeration and water-holding capacity of the gangue mixed substrate in which the natural water content, total porosity, capillary porosity, and non-capillary porosity of the gangue mixed substrate with 20% phosphogypsum and 10% slag were increased by 18.88%, 14.18%, 13.12%, and 18.08%, respectively, and the bulk density was decreased by 24.76% compared with the respective values observed for the gangue mixed substrate with only 10% slag. ③ The shear strength of the gangue mixed substrate with 20% phosphogypsum and 10% mycorrhizal slag increased by 71.71%, and the cohesion and internal friction angle increased by 102.84% and 45.05%, respectively, compared with the mixed substrate having only 10% mycorrhizal slag. [Conclusion] The coal gangue mixed substrate with ryegrass root complex having 20% phosphogypsum and 10% mycorrhizal residue had the greatest shear resistance and was beneficial for controlling soil erosion in coal gangue hills.

With the rapid development of the power industry, the safe and stable operation of the power system has become an important basis for safeguarding economic and social development. In order to adapt to the trend of rapid growth of new energy sources and the demand for transformation and upgrading of the power industry, the capacity allocation scheme of the power system needs to be constantly optimized and adjusted. To address the development planning of new power systems, a new power system development planning model based on two-layer planning is constructed, taking into account the operational output results of various types of units and the interaction between the configuration schemes. Through the analysis of the evolution of the power system in a region in the next 15 years, the development pattern of the new power system in different stages under the high, medium, and low scenarios of new energy development is optimally calculated to guide the development of the power system. The results show that the model can provide a quantitative reference for decision-making on energy policies and power strategies in the medium and long term.

IntroductionWith nicotine dependence being a significant healthcare issue worldwide there is a growing interest in developing novel therapies and diagnostic aids to assist in treating nicotine addiction. Glutamate (Glu) plays an important role in cognitive function regulation in a wide range of conditions including traumatic brain injury, aging, and addiction. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging via ultra-high field MRI can image the exchange of certain saturated labile protons with the surrounding bulk water pool, making the technique a novel tool to investigate glutamate in the context of addiction. The aim of this work was to apply glutamate weighted CEST (GluCEST) imaging to study the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in a small population of smokers and non-smokers to determine its effectiveness as a biomarker of nicotine use.Methods2D GluCEST images were acquired on 20 healthy participants: 10 smokers (ages 29-50) and 10 non-smokers (ages 25-69), using a 7T MRI system. T1-weighted images were used to segment the GluCEST images into white and gray matter tissue and further into seven gray matter regions. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed, comparing mean GluCEST contrast between smokers and non-smokers across brain regions.ResultsGluCEST levels were similar between smokers and non-smokers; however, there was a moderate negative age dependence (R2 = 0.531) in smokers within the cingulate gyrus.ConclusionFeasibility of GluCEST imaging was demonstrated for in vivo investigation of smokers and non-smokers to assess glutamate contrast differences as a potential biomarker with a moderate negative age correlation in the cingulate gyrus suggesting reward network involvement.

Objective·To explore the epidemiological characteristics of severe asthma in children and analyze the risk factors.Methods·A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted. Six hundred and seventy four children with difficult-to-treat asthma who visited the Children´s Hospital of Fudan University from January 1 to December 31, 2021 were included to establish a dynamic cohort. Basic information (including gender, age, gestational age at birth, birth weight, etc.) and comorbidity of the cohort members were collected. The asthma control status, drug inhalation technique level, medication compliance, pulmonary function parameters [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as a percent-age of the predicted value (FEV1%pred), FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC), and the rate of estimated values of forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled (FEF50), FEF75, and FEF25-75 in percent-predicted value, respectively], airway inflammation index [fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)], and allergy status parameters [eosinophil (EOS) and immunoglobulin E (IgE)] of all cohort members were evaluated. All cohort members underwent re-evaluation respectively at the specialist asthma clinic of the hospital at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results·At the endpoint of the cohort, 52 children were diagnosed with severe asthma, accounting for 7.7%. A high proportion of severe asthma was found in children who were exposed to secondhand smoke, used air conditioning at home all year round, or had coexisting rhinitis/nasosinusitis, FEV1%pred300/μL, IgE>200 IU/L, or FeNO>20/25 ppb [FeNO>20 ppb (≤12 years old) or >25 ppb (>12 years old), 1 ppb=1×10-9 mol/L]. A high proportion of non-severe asthma was found in children who were breastfed for 6 months or longer, or had good medication compliance. The differences were statistically significant (all P

[Objective] The distribution of soil aggregates and the characteristics of organic carbon content were analyzed to determine the influence of biological crust on slope stability and nutrient retention in order to provide a reference and guidance for the application of biological crusts in slope restoration engineering. [Methods] Taking a restoration slope with vegetation concrete substrates as an example, the soil dry screening method and the soil wet screening method were used to study aggregates in the crust (0—2 cm) and subsurface layer (2—7 cm) and organic carbon characteristics of crust-covered and non-crust-covered slope soil. [Results] ① The presence of biological crusts significantly affected the distribution of soil aggregates, mechanical stability, and R0.25 content. Compared with the check treatment (CK, no crust-covered slope), the stability index of the crust covering layer increased by 27.42%—33.51% (MWD) and 21.66%—28.88% (GMD), and the content of large aggregates (R0.25) increased by 10.68%. Moss crust had the most significant impact. ② Soil aggregate particle size of different crust types measured by the wet sieving method were mainly>0.25 mm. The water stability parameters MWD, GMD, and R0.25 of the crust-covered slopes were between 1.93 and 5.33 mm, 0.85 and 3.16 mm, and 70.97% and 87.50%, with moss-covered slopes having the largest values. The Dd values were between 2.48 and 2.74, with the smallest values observed for moss-covered slopes. The water stability of aggregates was best for moss-covered slopes and worst for bare slopes. ③ The presence of crust promoted the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil, and the organic carbon content was more than twice that of the CK treatment. The effect on the organic carbon level for the surface soil was obvious, and the effect for the subsurface soil layer was low. ④ There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon content and soil water stability parameters MWD, GMD, and R0.25 (p

Objective: This study aimed to establish and validate a dynamic online nomograph for predicting the risk of frailty in older patients hospitalized with heart failure in China. Methods: A total of 451 older adults with heart failure hospitalized were selected between December 2021 and November 2022 at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine in a Class A tertiary hospital in Shandong, China. The data of patients were obtained by using Barthel Index, instrumental activity of daily living scale, mini nutrition assessment-short form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale, Morse fall risk assessment scale and general information scale. The brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiographic indexes of patients were collected by electronic medical records. All participants were randomly divided into the training set (n = 319) and the validation set (n = 132) at the ratio of 7:3. The training set is used for model construction, and the validation set is used for internal validation. Using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method to filter modeling variables, while the multivariable logistic regression was used to establish the nomogram based on the screened optimal variables. The performance of the model was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The prevalence of frailty in 451 patients was 50.6%, 51.4%, and 48.5% in the training and validation sets, respectively. Drinking, grip strength, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, multimorbidity, hospitalization history of heart failure, Barthel Index, the instrumental activities of daily living, nutritional status, sleep, fall, and left atrial end-diastolic diameter were used for LASSO regression analysis as the significant predictors of frailty. According to internal validation, the AUC of the ROC curve for the nomogram was 0.920, with a sensitivity of 86.8% and specificity of 84.4%. Moreover, in the validation set, the P-values of the H-L test were 0.742, and the calibration curve had good concordance between the estimated frailty risk and actual observation, indicating the model was well-calibrated. The DCA results confirmed that the nomogram had a well-performance in clinical suitability. Conclusions: An online dynamic nomogram predicting frailty for older patients hospitalized for heart failure in China was well-established and identified in this study. This model benefits medical professionals in identifying high-risk frailty in older hospitalized patients with heart failure, which could reduce the medical and disease burden of heart failure to a certain extent. However, further verification is needed in the future.

C36H26Br2N4O2, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 8.700(5) Å, b = 9.188(5) Å, c = 9.722(6) Å, α = 91.610(6)°, β = 91.436(6)°, γ = 100.925(6)°, V = 762.4(8) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt ${R}_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{t}}$ (F) = 0.0381, wRref $w{R}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}$ (F 2) = 0.1016, T = 296(2) K.

The trajectory planning and control of the manipulator are based on forward kinematics analysis. At present, the analytical method mainly used is the D-H parameter method. This study proposes a screw theory method which is faster and simpler in terms of calculation than the D-H method. The kinematics modeling and forward kinematics equation of dual-arm operating system are established by product of exponentials formula. Simpack software is used to simulate and analyze the dual-arm operating system. The correctness of the forward kinematics model established by screw theory is verified by comparing the simulation results with the results obtained by the forward kinematics equation. Matlab software is used to analyze the workspace, and the workspace of the dual-arm operating system is obtained by comparing the workspace cloud map.

ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration and change characteristics of 1，5-anhydroglucitol （1，5-AG） in the vitreous humor of rabbit cadavers with hyperglycemic metabolism, and to explore the value of 1，5-AG in forensic pathology identification of death caused by hyperglycemic metabolism disorders.MethodsA diabetic hyperglycemic rabbit model was established by using alloxan. Eighteen rabbits with fasting glucose concentration ≥13.80 mmol/L （experimental group） and 18 healthy rabbits with fasting glucose concentration ≤6.10 mmol/L （control group） were selected. After death from air embolism. The blood samples were collected immediately, and vitreous humor samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after death. The concentration of 1，5-AG in the blood and vitreous humor of rabbits was determined.ResultsThe blood glucose concentration in the experimental group was （25.10±3.14） mmol/L. At the time of death, there was no significant difference in the concentration of 1，5-AG in the blood [（0.94±0.20） μg/mL] and in the vitreous humor （0.99±0.05 μg/mL, P>0.05）. The concentration of 1，5-AG in the vitreous humor of the experimental group was lower than that of the corresponding control group at all time points （P0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of 1,5-AG in blood was negatively correlated with blood glucose in both control group and experimental group （control group: r=-0.79, P

Estimation of postmortem interval （PMI） is one of the important research contents in forensic pathology， and it has always been the focus and hot spot of research work. In recent years， scholars at home and abroad have made some research progress in estimating PMI by using ocular tissue. After death， the changes of cornea， aqueous humor， iris， lens， vitreous humor and retina all show time sequence change rule highly related to PMI. This paper reviews the research progress of PMI estimation based on the morphological， biochemical， molecular and genetic material changes of different ocular tissue structures after death， and discusses the existing problems and development trends.

Abstract Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Identification of potential EC biomarkers is essential to improve the prognosis and development of therapies against EC. Synaptotagmin-like protein 1 (SYTL1), as a small GTPase Rab27 effector, mainly plays a role in vesicle trafficking and cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. However the role of SYTL1 in EC remains uncertain. We performed a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between SYTL1 and patient diagnosis and prognosis by analysis of EC patients’ data from TCGA. We employed the LinkedOmics and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database to analyze the biological function of SYTL1 in EC. In addition, the correlation between SYTL1 expression and its DNA methylation was performed by using cBioportal, UALCAN, TCGA Wanderer and MethSurv databases. We further assessed the link between SYTL1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Results We found that SYTL1 was highly expressed in EC patients and cell lines. And increased expression of SYTL1 was associated with age, clinical stage, histological type, histological grade and good overall survival (OS).SYTL1 DNA methylation is negatively associated with SYTL1 expression and UCEC patients’ OS. SYTL1 expression is closely correlated with immune infiltration. Furthermore, we carried out in vitro experiments to verify the results of bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the elevation of SYTL1 expression is associated with good OS and SYTL1 might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in EC.

The uncertainty in determination of nickel in soy milk powder by ultra-wave digestion- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was evaluated and optimized. According to JJF1059.1—2012 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement and CNAS—GL006: 2019 Guidance on quantifying uncertainty in chemical analysis, the mathematical model of uncertainty evaluation was built. The main sources of uncertainty were analyzed and their uncertainty components were evaluated. Then the relative standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty were computed. Finally, the influence of different sources was analyzed and the possible optimization methods for reducing the uncertainty were proposed. When the coverage probability was 95% (i.e., the coverage factor was k=2), the expanded uncertainty of nickel is 0.222 mg/kg, which indicates the determination result of nickel in soy milk powder was (3.825±0.222) mg/kg. The relative uncertainty was reduced from 0.029 0 to 0.023 8 by the optimization methods. Configuration of standard working solution and fitting of standard curve were the main sources of the uncertainty in determination of nickel in soy milk powder by ultra-wave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the optimization could reduce the determination uncertainty significantly.

We report a coherent layer-by-layer build-up of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in artificially stacked transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) crystals in their various stacking configurations. In the experiments, millimeter-sized single crystalline monolayers are synthesized using the gold foil-exfoliation method, followed by artificially stacking on a transparent substrate. High-order harmonics up to the 19th order are generated by the interaction with a mid-infrared (MIR) driving laser. We find that the generation is sensitive to both the number of layers and their relative orientation. For AAAA stacking configuration, both odd- and even-orders exhibit a quadratic increase in intensity as a function of the number of layers, which is a signature of constructive interference of high-harmonic emission from successive layers. Particularly, we observe some deviations from this scaling at photon energies above the bandgap, which is explained by self-absorption effects. For AB and ABAB stacking, even-order harmonics remain below the detection level, consistent with the presence of inversion symmetry. Our study confirms our capability of producing nonperturbative high-order harmonics from stacked layered materials subjected to intense MIR fields without damaging samples. Our results have implications for optimizing solid-state HHG sources at the nanoscale and developing high-harmonics as an ultrafast probe of artificially stacked layered materials. Because the HHG process is a strong-field driven process, it has the potential to probe high-momentum and energy states in the bandstructure combined with atomic-scale sensitivity in real space, making it an attractive probe of novel material structures such as the Moiré pattern.

This study first draws inspiration from the dual biomimetic design of plant cell walls and honeycomb structures, drawing on their structural characteristics to design a flexible shell structure that can achieve significant deformation and withstand large loads. Based on the staggered bonding of this flexible shell structure, we propose a new design scheme for a large-load pneumatic soft arm and establish a mathematical model for its flexibility and load capacity. The extension and bending deformation of this new type of soft arm come from the geometric variability of flexible shell structures, which can be controlled through two switches, namely, deflation and inflation, to achieve extension or bending actions. The experimental results show that under a driving pressure within the range of 150 kpa, the maximum elongation of the soft arm reaches 23.17 cm, the maximum bending angle is 94.2 degrees, and the maximum load is 2.83 N. This type of soft arm designed based on dual bionic inspiration can have both a high load capacity and flexibility. The research results provide new ideas and methods for the development of high-load soft arms, which are expected to expand from laboratories to multiple fields.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of a natural small molecule, HEP-14, on melanoma SK-Mel-103 cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods SK-Mel-103 cells were treated with HEP-14 at different concentrations (2.5~40 μmol/L). The untreated cells were used as a control. Cell viability and colony formation were respectively assessed using CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to examine cell cycle and apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to evaluate cellular mobility. Real-time RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of CD271 and STAT3, and Western blotting was employed to detect the protein levels of CD271, STAT3 and p-STAT3. Immunofluorescence assay was perform to confirm the expression of CD271. Results HEP-14 significantly inhibited the growth and colony formation of SK-Mel-103 cells (P < 0.05), induced cell arrest at G2/M phase (P < 0.05), promoted cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) and suppressed cell mobility in comparison with the untreated cells. In addition, HEP-14 treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 (P < 0.05) and down-regulated the expression of CD271 (P < 0.05) in the melanoma cell lines SK-Mel-103, SK-Mel-147 and SK-Mel-28. Conclusion Natural small molecule HEP-14 effectively inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of melanoma SK-Mel-103 cells, and it suppresses the cell migration by inhibiting activation of STAT to down-regulate CD271 expression.