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In this study, the authors examined student and faculty expectations regarding college student course work behaviors. Three hundred and eighty-seven students and 52 faculty members from the same university completed surveys designed to measure their perceptions of the amount of student effort required to earn an A, B, C, or D letter grade. Findings show that students and faculty members generally agreed on how hard students have to work in an academic environment. The authors discuss some gender differences in students' expectations. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.)

A descriptive survey of a stratified random sample of 326 undergraduates from a large, diverse university in Los Angeles was conducted to assess whether resistance to online shopping might be, in part, related to negative social perceptions of those who shop online. Indirect questioning showed that students perceived online student shoppers as more lazy and less likely to fear for the safety and security of others but also as more trustworthy, attractive, successful, and smart. Differences in social perceptions were not related to these students' own online spending.

From an Elaboration Likelihood Model perspective, it was hypothesized that postexposure awareness of deceptive packaging claims would have a greater negative effect on scores for purchase intention by consumers lowly involved rather than highly involved with a product (n=40). Undergraduates who were classified as either highly or lowly (ns=20 and 20) involved with M&Ms examined either a deceptive or nondeceptive package design for M&Ms candy and were subsequently informed of the deception employed in the packaging before finally rating their intention to purchase. As anticipated, highly deceived subjects who were low in involvement rated intention to purchase lower than their highly involved peers. Overall, the results attest to the robustness of the model and suggest that the model has implications beyond advertising effects and into packaging effects.

. From Snyder's (1987) suggestion that high self-monitors, relative to low self-monitors, choose form over function, it was hypothesized that high self-monitors should be more susceptible to humorous advertising and low self-monitors to nonhumorous advertising. Also, it was predicted that this interaction effect would be stronger for American male students than for female students. The results of a 2 x 2 x 2 (Humor x Self-Monitoring x Audience Gender) experimental research design failed to support this particular interaction hypothesis. However, self monitoring did significantly interact with audience gender in moderating responses to advertising. Taken together, the patterns of the significant self-monitoring and gender interactions showed that high self-monitoring men, relative to low self-monitoring men, tended to become more positive toward the advertisement, whereas high self-monitoring women, relative to low self-monitoring women, tended to become more negative. Within-cell correlations between cognitive responses and attitude suggested that the subjects engaged in systematic rather than heuristic processing of the advertisement.

The article contains a section of abstracts regarding Marketing Mix from various publications. Some of the articles include "Managing Physical Distribution for Profit," by David P. Herran from the publication, the "Harvard Business Review;" "Expanding the Concept of Inventory Management," by Marian Burk Rothman from the publication, "Stores;" and "The Relationship between Price and Quality in Situations of Repeated Trial," by Steven M. Cox from the publication, "University of Michigan Business Review."

The article contains a section of abstracts regarding Macromarketing from various publications. Some of the articles include "The Measure of Consumer Confidence," by Fabian Linden from the publication, "Across the Board;" "Attitudes Cause Behaviors: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis," by Lynn R. Kahle and John J. Berman from the publication, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology;" and "Effects of Pitch and Speech Rate on Personal Attributions," by William Apple, Lynn A. Streeter, and Robert M. Krauss from the publication, the "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology."

Amount of purchase in a restaurant was larger when background music was soft than when loud, confirming prior research. Type of music (soft rock or classical) did not matter.

Business school students (N = 49) who were preclassified as being either high or low in self-esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory) interacted with a computer that delivered either human-like, neutral, or machine-like feedback. In line with a compensatory, self-enhancement perspective (Baumeister, 1982), this experiment found that persons high in self-esteem generated more negative cognitive responses and made fewer errors when faced with human-like rather than machinelike feedback from a computer. Overall, however, persons low in self-esteem did not perform more poorly than did persons high in self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred and sixty job interviewers and 110 marketing students rated the importance of 25 positive and 25 negative attributes of the interviewee in the initial job interview. Factor analysis of the interviewers' ratings indicated that they tended to focus on seven factors (evaluative criteria). Students accurately perceived the importance of four of these factors, but significantly misperceived the importance of the other three. No support for a negativity bias was found. Implications for grooming the students were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participants listened to either a proattitudinal or counterattitudinal communication under varying levels of distraction. A distraction x message position interaction indicated that distraction decreased the perceived extremity of the counterattitudinal communication while increasing the perceived extremity of the proattitudinal message. Distraction decreased the number of counterarguments generated by counterattitudinal speech recipients, but unexpectedly did not significantly affect proargumentation. Proargumentation notwithstanding, the results were consistent with the dominant thought disruption hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a biased scanning procedure, Ss (N = 52) were induced to produce either pro- or counter-arguments in anticipation of a controversial communication advocating forced busing. Simultaneously, they were either highly or lowly distracted by an interposed advertisement rating task. The results supported a distraction-conflict theory. Distraction increased the proarguing of Ss who were induced to proargue, and it also increased the counterarguing of participants who were induced to counterargue. Effects on "traditional" attitude change measures were marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]