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Objective To investigate whether regional white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) relate to alpha oscillations (AO) in a large population-based sample of elderly individuals. Methods We associated voxel-wise WMHs from high-resolution 3-Tesla MRI with neuronal alpha oscillations (AO) from resting-state multichannel EEG at sensor (N=907) and source space (N=855) in older participants of the LIFE-Adult study (60–80 years). In EEG, we computed relative alpha power (AP), individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF), as well as long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) that represent dynamic properties of the signal. We implemented whole-brain voxel-wise regression models to identify regions where parameters of AO were linked to probability of WMH occurrence. We further used mediation analyses to examine whether WMH volume mediated the relationship between age and AO. Results Higher prevalence of WMHs in the superior and posterior corona radiata was related to elevated relative AP, with strongest correlations in the bilateral occipital cortex, even after controlling for potential confounding factors. The age-related increase of relative AP in the right temporal brain region was shown to be mediated by total WMH volume. Conclusion A high relative AP corresponding to increased regional WMHs was not associated with age per se, in fact, this relationship was mediated by WMHs. We argue that the WMH-associated increase of AP reflects a generalized and likely compensatory spread of AO leading to a larger number of synchronously recruited neurons. Our findings thus suggest that longitudinal EEG recordings might be sensitive to detect functional changes due to WMHs.

BACKGROUND: Chronic vulvar pain is a prevalent but often misdiagnosed and undertreated condition that adversely impacts quality of life. A large proportion of women report not seeking care for chronic vulvar pain, but little is known about the factors that underlie care-seeking decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a large, population-based survey of women aged 18–40 years to assess a history of chronic vulvar burning, pain on contact, or itching that had lasted ≥3 months. The survey also captured demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Women were asked if they had ever sought care for their chronic vulvar condition. Demographic characteristics and comorbidities were evaluated across pain categories and by care-seeking behaviors. RESULTS: A higher proportion of women who described their pain as burning only and both burning and pain on contact had sought care for their pain (69.2% and 85.2%, respectively) compared with pain on contact only (41.8%). Women who described their pain as pain on contact only were also less likely to see multiple providers and to have ever received treatment for their pain. Care seekers were more likely to be married, have a college education, have a normal body mass index, and have multiple gynecologic comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that care-seeking behavior varies by pain type. Less than half of women who characterized their pain as pain on contact had sought medical care. Those who did seek care reported seeing fewer providers than those who experienced burning. Providers may wish to proactively ask patients about pain on contact.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines can cause adverse reactions, mainly from vaccine‐induced immune responses. Some of these may also involve the skin and worry unaware patients. A better understanding of such adverse reactions may reduce concerns and help promote the vaccination of large population groups. Methods All the reports of patients admitted to our Dermatology Primary Care, from March 2021 to June 2021, were retrospectively examined to collect descriptive data on skin reactions arising after COVID‐19 vaccination. Results Out of 200 vaccinated patients admitted to the Dermatology Primary Care, 21 (10.5%) referred cutaneous reactions with onset after vaccination. Only one patient required hospitalization for generalized bullous erythema multiforme, which occurred 48 h after the second vaccine dose. The other patients' cutaneous reactions to vaccination were of mild/moderate degree. Three patients presented exacerbation of their cutaneous diseases. Conclusions Cutaneous reactions observed in our sample were mostly mild or moderate. Awareness must be raised to recognize and treat eventual severe reactions. Future studies are needed to assess the incidence of cutaneous reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination., Graphical abstract After COVID‐19 vaccination, pruritic rashes were frequently reported reactions at the Dermatology Primary care.

COVID-19, being the virus of fear and anxiety, is one of the most recent and emergent of various respiratory disorders. It is similar to the MERS-COV and SARS-COV, the viruses that affected a large population of different countries in the year 2012 and 2002, respectively. Various standard models have been used for COVID-19 epidemic prediction but they suffered from low accuracy due to lesser data availability and a high level of uncertainty. The proposed approach used a machine learning-based time-series Facebook NeuralProphet model for prediction of the number of death as well as confirmed cases and compared it with Poisson Distribution, and Random Forest Model. The analysis upon dataset has been performed considering the time duration from January 1st 2020 to16th July 2021. The model has been developed to obtain the forecast values till September 2021. This study aimed to determine the pandemic prediction of COVID-19 in the second wave of coronavirus in India using the latest Time-Series model to observe and predict the coronavirus pandemic situation across the country. In India, the cases are rapidly increasing day-by-day since mid of Feb 2021. The prediction of death rate using the proposed model has a good ability to forecast the COVID-19 dataset essentially in the second wave. To empower the prediction for future validation, the proposed model works effectively. © 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

Метою даного дослідження був субаналіз поширеності та виявлення артеріальної гіпертензії (АГ) серед когорти респондентів із надлишковою масою тіла та ожирінням залежно від ступеня та типу ожиріння в рамках великого популяційного визначення факторів ризику, проведеного нами в Україні на міській популяції у 2009–2013 рр. Визначено, що в проаналізованій міській популяції населення України нормальну масу тіла мали лише 29,3 %, а 70,7 % — сумарно надлишкову масу тіла та ожиріння I–III ступеня. Відзначалася тенденція до збільшення поширеності надлишкової маси тіла та ожиріння з віком обстежуваних, як серед чоловіків, так і жінок. Встановлено, що із збільшенням маси тіла та віком зростає виявлення АГ в популяції. Відсоток виявлення АГ в популяції збільшився з 29,8 % при нормальній масі тіла до 75,0 % при ожирінні II–III ступенів. Виявлено, що незалежно від статі поява та прогресування абдомінального типу ожиріння асоціюється зі збільшенням виявлення артеріальної гіпертензії. Так, відповідно до рекомендацій ESC (2012), у жінок з окружністю талії (ОТ) ≥ 80 см АГ виявлена у 57,2 %, у чоловіків з ОТ ≥ 94 см — у 44,1 %. За критеріями АHA (2013), у жінок з ОТ ≥ 88 см АГ виявлена у 63,6 %, у чоловіків з ОТ ≥ 102 см — у 47,3 %.

The lymph node ratio (LNR) has been considered a better prognostic factor than traditional N staging in patients with gastric cancer (GC), but its accuracy is unclear for those who receive neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We aimed to compare the node ratio (Nr) staging with the ypN staging and to thereby develop a modified staging system incorporating Nr staging. A total of 1791 patients who underwent gastrectomy after NAT in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed. ypTNrM staging was established based on the overall survival (OS). The Nr staging was generated using 0.2 and 0.5 as the cutoff values of LNR and represented patients with more homogeneous OS compared with ypN staging. The 5-year OS rates for ypTNrM stages IA, IB, II, IIIA, and IIIB were 70.2%, 54.2%, 36.0%, 21.2%, and 6.6%, respectively, compared with 58.8%, 39.1%, and 21.6% for ypTNM stages I, II, and III, respectively. Compared with the ypTNM staging system, the ypTNrM staging system had a lower misclassification rate (3.0% vs. 50.9%) and better prognostic predictive power (C-index: 0.645 vs. 0.589, P

This epidemiological cross-sectional data-based study aimed to explore the morbidity and mortality patterns of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) among the worst affected regions of the world. The data on the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), John Hopkin’s University research center, Worldometer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), since its outbreak until August 5, 2020. The evidences were also recorded from research papers published in international scientific journals indexed in Pub Med and Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science. The findings show that the average of COVID-19 cases in Europe is 154754 cases per million of the population, in America (both north and south) is 47982 cases per million of the population and in Asia is 13280 cases per million of the population. The mean value of mortality rate in Europe, America (both north and south) and Asia is 2436 deaths per million of population, 2158 deaths per million of population, and 181 deaths per million people, respectively. The study broadly concludes that the infection rate and mortality are higher in developed countries than in developing or underdeveloped countries. The perceptible causes of increase in infection rate and mortality in developed European and American countries may be the difference in individual and herd immunity in the population due to less exposure to similar viruses. The lack of exposure may be attributed to better economic conditions leading to relatively good hygienic practices as compared to the developing and underdeveloped countries of the Asian region.

Gong Feng,1 Wu-Bin Shu,2 A-Bing Li2 1School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: A-Bing LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15088557621Email bing19890807@hotmail.comBackground: The aim of the study was to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP).Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with SBP between 1993 and 2012 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All eligible patients were randomly allocated to the training sets and the validation sets. The nomogram was developed with the training set and validated with the validation set using the concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA).Results: Age, marital status, tumor grade, treatment were independent prognostic indicators for OS (P< 0.05) and were integrated to construct the nomogram. C-indexes for OS prediction in the training and validation sets were 0.78 and 0.73, respectively. The calibration plots demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and actual survival. DCA demonstrated that the new model has great benefits. In the total cohort, the median OS of patients in the low- and high-risk groups were 12.17 (95% CI 11.92– 12.42) and 3.92 (95% CI 2.83– 5.01) years, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram showed excellent applicability and accuracy, which could be a reliable tool for predicting OS in SBP patients.Keywords: solitary bone plasmacytoma, cancer risk factors, SEER, nomogram

The field station of the School for Smallholder Community, Sekaran Village, Kasiman District is one ofthe places for beef cattle development in Bojonegoro Regency. Sekaran Field Station has several breedsof cattle, including Ongole Crossbred. Ongole Crossbreeds have a large population in the Sekaran Schoolfor Smallholder Community with a population of 38%. Evaluation of breeding programs is based ongenetic parameters and can be used to obtain the latest information on the successful implementation ofbreeding programs in a population of livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmentprogram of Ongole Crossbreed cattle at the Sekaran School for Smallholder Community field stationusing genetic and phenotypic parameters. This study uses a survey method based on questionnaires byconducting interviews with farmers. The data observed were recorded data from 190 heads of OngoleCrossbreeds. The parameters observed were breeding values, genetic and phenotypic correlations, aswell as genetic and phenotypic patterns. The results showed that the highest estimation of breedingvalue in Ongole Crossbred was 5.71 (6 heads) and the lowest was 0.10 (2 heads). The genetic correlationof age at first giving birth, calving distance and empty period ranged from -0.03–0.13. The phenotypiccorrelation of the three reproductive traits ranged from -0.12-0.09. The genetic patterns of age at firstgiving birth, calving distance and empty period were -0.97 months/year, -2.51 days/year and 0.05 days/year, respectively. The phenotypic patterns of the three reproductive traits were 36 months/year, 388days/year and 84 days/year, respectively. Based on the results of the evaluation of the breeding programusing genetic and phenotypic parameters, the development of Ongole Peranakan cattle needs to becontinued by implementing good and digital-based management in order to provide success in the OngoleCrossbred development program at the Sekaran field station of the School for Smallholder Community.

National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) codes have become the primary classifier of nonprofit missions since they were developed in the mid-1980s in response to growing demands for a taxonomy of nonprofit activities (Herman in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 19(3):293–306, 1990, Barman in Social Science History 37:103–141, 2013). However, the increasingly complex nature of nonprofits means that NTEE codes may be outdated or lack specificity. As an alternative, scholars and practitioners can create a bespoke taxonomy for a specific purpose by hand-coding a training dataset and using machine learning classifiers to apply the codes to a large population. This paper presents a framework for determining training set sizes needed to scale custom taxonomies using machine learning algorithms.

The lactose-free dairy market has significantly grown in the past years in relation to the large population who experience lactose intolerance. Lactose-free dairy products are nutritionally more at...

The association of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) with ventricular arrhythmias has long been known and has generally been considered a benign condition. In recent years, however, a small but not negligible risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death has been documented in the large population of subjects with MVP. The main predictors of major arrhythmic risk identified so far include history of syncope, ventricular repolarization abnormalities in the inferior-lateral electrocardiogram leads, right bundle branch block morphology of ventricular ectopic beats, finding of areas of myocardial fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance, and mitral annular disjunction (MAD) on echocardiogram, as well as a possible pro-arrhythmic genetic substrate. The stratification of arrhythmic risk, with the active search for red flags and in particular of MAD, is important to identify patients with the malignant arrhythmic variant of MVP in whom to implement closer surveillance and possible therapeutic interventions.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without recessed vulvas. ANIMALS 250 female dogs presenting to a tertiary referral institution. PROCEDURES Female dogs > 6 months of age presenting to a tertiary referral institution were enrolled. At enrollment, a full medical history was obtained with particular emphasis on the presence of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in the 3 months prior to presentation. All dogs underwent a full physical examination including perivulvar cytologic examination and scoring of the degree of perivulvar skin coverage on the basis of an 8-point scale. Dogs with scores of ≥ 7 were classified as having recessed vulvas. When available, urinalysis data were also included. RESULTS Recessed vulvas were identified in 36 of 250 (14%) dogs. Dogs with recessed vulvas had significantly higher body condition scores and body weights than unaffected dogs. In addition, recessed vulvas were more common in spayed than sexually intact dogs. Dogs spayed at ≤ 1 year of age were almost 3 times as likely to have vulvar recession, compared with dogs spayed at > 1 year of age. No significant difference was identified between affected and unaffected dogs with respect to the prevalence of LUT signs, urinary tract infections, or perivulvar dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although recessed vulvas were relatively common in dogs, they did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of LUT disease or perivulvar dermatitis.

Introduction Cervical cytology is a well‐stablished cervical cancer screening method. However, due to the anatomical continuity of the genital tract, it can also detect signs of endometrial disease. Our aim was to estimate the sensitivity of cervical cytology in endometrial cancer detection and prognosis in a large population over a 30‐year period in a large academic tertiary hospital in Spain. Methodology We performed a search for women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1990 to 2020, who were surgically treated and had a previous cervical cytology result. Information Technologies Department databases from Bellvitge University Hospital and the Screenwide case–control study's database were used. Cervical cytology results were classified as abnormal when squamous lesions, glandular atypia or malignant cells were identified. Results Overall, we evaluated 371 women with endometrial cancer and a documented cervical cytology performed within 3 years previous to surgical treatment. Overall, the sensitivity of cervical cytology for endometrial cancer detection was 25.6%. Several clinico‐pathological characteristics, such as non‐endometrioid histology and a higher stage, were correlated with higher sensitivity. Discussion We observed a low sensitivity of cervical cytology to effectively diagnose endometrial cancer. However, recent technological advances using genomics and epigenomics may offer a promising perspective to detect endometrial cancer with high sensitivity in these cervical specimens., Cervical cytology sensitivity for endometrial cancer was 25.6%. Several clinico‐pathological factors, such as non‐endometrioid histology and a higher stage, were correlated with higher sensitivity.

Radon and thoron gases are produced by radioactive decay of soil and rocks containing uranium and thorium. Radon and thoron in dwellings constructed using soil and rocks rich in uranium and thorium are considered as a major causes of lung cancer especially for nonsmokers. Despite the dangers that these gases can cause to human health, extensive mapping of concentration of radon and thoron gases in Kenyan dwellings has not been done. This phenomenon leaves a large population at risk of exposure to these gases especially in rural areas where good ventilation is not considered in most of the housing design. In this study, indoor radon and thoron exposure were measured in 7 dwellings chosen using purposive sampling method in Ortum, West Pokot county, Kenya. The radon and thoron concentration in mud houses was determined using a passive radon and thoron discriminative detector (RADUET). The detectors were placed in mud houses at a height of about 2 meters above the ground for 3 months (103 days). The concentrations of radon and thoron were calculated and found to range from 16 ± 6 to 72 ±13 and 18 ±11 to 110 ±30 respectively. The average radon and thoron concentration were found to be 40 ± 19 Bq/m3 and 54 ± 30 Bq/m3 respectively, which is below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended lower and upper limit of 100 Bq/m3 and 300 Bq/m3 respectively. The annual effective dose was found to be 1.03 mSv/y for radon and 0.30 mSv/y for thoron which is within the 1.3 mSv average global annual effective dose due to radon, thoron and its progeny.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio consistió en evaluar estadísticamente el flujo de migrantes de los países de Sudamérica, en los últimos treinta años. Para el análisis de la información se empleó la prueba de contraste de Tukey. Se observó que el mayor porcentaje de habitantes que ha migrado está en Paraguay, con un 12,5%, el menor porcentaje se da en Brasil, presentando diferencia estadística respecto a las demás naciones del sur del continente americano. Se puede concluir que la actual crisis política a la que se ve abocada Venezuela ha incidido en el último lustro en grandes desplazamientos de la población. Abstract The objective of the study was to statistically assess the flow of migrants from South American countries over the past thirty years. Tukey’s contrast test was used for the analysis of the information. It was observed that the highest percentage of inhabitants, which has migrated is in Paraguay, with 12.5%; the lowest percentage being in Brazil, which presents statistical difference from the other nations of the southern American continent. It can be concluded that the current political crisis that Venezuela is forced to have had an impact on large population displacements in the last five-year period.

Background To enhance the convenience and reduce the cost of prostate cancer (PC) screening, a one-step prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test was evaluated in a large population. The PSA SPOT test kit enables rapid detection of human PSA in serum or plasma at or above a cutoff level of 4 ng/mL to aid in the diagnosis of PC. Methods PC screening using the PSA SPOT test was offered to male participants in educational public lectures that we conducted in various cities. Test results were reported to participants at the end of the lectures. Blood samples from 1429 men were evaluated. Two independent observers interpreted the tests at 15 and 30 min. The remaining serum samples were subsequently tested using a conventional quantitative assay. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the test were 79.9, 93.0, 65.4, 96.6, and 91.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the test changed with variations in the reading time. Quantitative assessment of the intensity of the band was correlated with the PSA value. Conclusions PSA testing using this kit can be easily performed. The low cost and speed of the test make it a useful and convenient tool for primary PC screening.

This paper is concerned with a prey–predator model with population flux by attractive transition. Our previous paper (Oeda and Kuto, 2018, Nonlinear Anal. RWA, 44, 589–615) obtained a bifurcation branch (connected set) of coexistence steady states which connects two semitrivial solutions. In Oeda and Kuto (2018, Nonlinear Anal. RWA, 44, 589–615), we also showed that any positive steady-state approaches a positive solution of either of two limiting systems, and moreover, one of the limiting systems is an equal diffusive competition model. This paper obtains the bifurcation structure of positive solutions to the other limiting system. Moreover, this paper implies that the global bifurcation branch of coexistence states consists of two parts, one of which is a simple curve running in a tubular domain near the set of positive solutions to the equal diffusive competition model, the other of which is a connected set characterized by positive solutions to the other limiting system.

Sampah dapat didefinisikan sebagai buangan yang dihasilkan dari aktifitas manusia dan hewan yang berupa padat, yang dibuang karena sudah tidak berguna atau diperlukan lagi. Dili adalah sebuah ibukota di Timor Leste yang memiliki jumlah penduduk yang cukup banyak. Jumlah penduduk di Dili yang cukup banyak ini menyebabkan sampah yang dihasilkan juga cukup banyak. Hal ini menjadi kendala dalam pengelolaan sampah di kota Dili yang mana masyarakat belum sadar akan kebersihan lingkungan. Pengelolaan sampah skala rumah tangga dapat dilakukan dengan konsep zero waste. Prinsip nol sampah atau zero waste merupakan konsep pengelolaan sampah yang didasarkan pada kegiatan daur ulang (recycle). Pengelolaan sampah dilakukan dengan melakukan pemilahan, pengomposan dan pengumpulan barang layak dijual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengelolaan sampah di Kota Dili dan Mengurangi timbulan sampah dengan program zero waste pada skala rumah tangga secara mandiri di Komplek Delta 3, Kota Dili. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Wawancara dan Observasi Lapangan (data primer), serta Data Arsip BPS Kota Dili dan Data Arsip SAS Kota Dili (data sekunder). Penelitian dilakukan selama 14 hari di Komplek Delta 3 Dili. Sampah dipilah dan disisihkan untuk sampah jenis kertas, kardus, sampah organik, botol atau wadah plastik. Setelah dipilah, sampah akan ditimbang sesuai dengan jenisnya dan dicatat setiap hari. Dari pemilahan yang dilakukan selama 14 hari bersama masyarakat tersebut didapat hasil total 365,1 kg sampah dapat disisihkan untuk selanjutnya sampah organik dibuat kompos dan untuk sampah botol dan wadah plastik di lakukan daur ulang berupa ecobrick oleh masyarakat. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Dili dilakukan oleh Dinas Persampahan dengan memberlakukan sistem angkut buang yang mana sampah setelah diangkut dari sumber sampah langsung di buang ke TPA dan dibakar secara manual. Pengelolaan sampah dengan zero waste di Komplek Delta 3 Dili dapat mengurangi penumpukan sampah sebesar 55,68% yang sebelum terpilah dari 365,1 kg menjadi 161,8 kg.

Fatigue in radiologists may be responsible for a large number of medical errors. This review describes the latest research on fatigue in radiology. This includes measurement methods, and recent evidence on how fatigue affects accuracy in laboratory test conditions and in clinical practice. The extensive opportunities for future research in the area are explored, including testing interventions to reduce fatigue-related error, and further understanding of which fatigue measures correlate with errors. Finally we explore the possibility of answering these questions using large population-based observational studies and pragmatic integrated randomised controlled trials. This publication is the reprint with Russian translation from original: Taylor-Phillips S, Stinton C. Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research. Br J Radiol. 2019;92:20190043. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190043.

espanolEn un contexto caracterizado por la difusion de informaciones falsas y la perdida de confianza en los medios, las iniciativas dedicadas a la verificacion de datos, o fact-checkers, se han convertido en una herramienta esencial para revisar y comprobar informaciones y declaraciones publicas, y para certificar la veracidad de las cifras o datos expresados en ellas. Dado que, tras anos de crecimiento exponencial, el video ha acabado por ser el contenido en linea mas consumido por los usuarios, y ha incrementado su relevancia como formato informativo, parece oportuno examinar la posicion que ocupan los formatos audiovisuales en los procesos de verificacion de datos. Esta investigacion recurre asi al analisis de contenido para estudiar la actividad en YouTube, primera plataforma de video y segunda red social en numero de usuarios activos mensuales y primera plataforma de video y segunda red social mas usada para consumo informativo, de una muestra internacional de 99 fact-checkers, durante la ultima decada. Sus resultados constatan el incremento de la presencia de iniciativas de fact-checking en la plataforma y de la difusion de contenidos audiovisuales a traves de ella, al tiempo que evidencian una gran disparidad en la gestion de las cuentas y su alcance, patrones que han de ser tenidos en consideracion para garantizar que los contenidos verificados lleguen a grupos amplios de poblacion y, ayudar, indirectamente, y al mismo tiempo, a la viabilidad economica de unas entidades consideradas fundamentales para la lucha contra la desinformacion. EnglishIn a context characterized by the spreading of fake news and the loss of trust in the media, fact-checkers have become an essential tool to review and check public information and statements, and to confirm the veracity of the numbers or data therein. Given that, after years of exponential growth, video has ended up being the online content most consumed by users, and that it has gained prominence as a news format, it seems appropriate to examine the role played by audiovisual formats in fact-checking processes. Thus, this research uses content analysis to study the activity on YouTube, which is the first video platform and second social network in number of monthly active users and the first video platform and second social network most used for news purposes, from an international sample of 99 fact-checking organizations, over the past decade. Their results confirm the increasing presence of fact-checking initiatives in the platform and the dissemination of audiovisual content through it, while showing significant disparities in user account management and scope. These patterns must be taken into consideration in order to ensure that fact-checked content reaches large population groups and to contribute, both indirectly and simultaneously, to the economic viability of entities that are considered critical for fighting disinformation.

The spread of drugs in Indonesia, which is increasing every year, is increasing by the large population of Indonesia's population. Indonesia is one of the extraordinary markets for drug mafia to bring these illegal goods into the archipelago. The largest number of drug users in Indonesia from year to year are still dominated by students, in this case students and school children, especially high school and junior high school levels. In the medical world, drugs can be medicinal properties for healing. Drug use in the medical world is legal. So what becomes a policeman is when someone consumes drugs without the supervision of a health professional or doctor. If someone uses drugs without the supervision of a doctor, they think it will be very dangerous because drug users are because drugs are poisonous substances that can cause drug users to always depend or be addicted to these drugs, damage organs, affect a person's decline or make thoughts do not become irrational and damage the brain permanently. The result is even more terrible, which leads to death. The abuse of narcotics and illicit drugs among the younger generation is increasing. The proliferation of deviant behavior of the young generation can endanger the survival of this nation in the future. Because youth, as the generation expected to become the nation's successor, are increasingly vulnerable to being eaten away by nerve-destroying addictive substances. So that the young man could not think clearly. As a result, the generation of hope for a nation that is strong and intelligent will only be a memory. The target for the spread of these drugs is young people or teenagers.

A study on the effect of gamma ray degraded alginate and chitosan on the growth and yield of wheat was carried out. Initially, the elicitors (oligo-alginate and oligo-chitosan) stimulating the growth of wheat seedlings was identified in the laboratory studies. The elicitors had two attributes viz. size (based on dose of irradiation) and concentration of the solution. The two-way ANOVA showed that the dose of irradiation was more active in determining the bioactivity of the oligo compared to its concentration. Later, the elicitors which stimulated the seedling growth in the laboratory studies were tested in the field for their yield-enhancing effect in three different phases. In the first phase the treatment regimen of foliar spray increasing the yield or yield contributing was identified. The findings of first phase were later confirmed in the next two phases by treating the large population. The present study establishes that the foliar spray of 100 ppm of oligo-chitosan produced by 300 kGy of gamma ray at seedling, pre-flowering and grain-filling stage enhanced the yield by over 20 percent. The increase in yield was because of overall growth-stimulation of the plant, particularly the yield contributing characters such as fresh weight and length of spikelet and number of seeds per spikelet.

Measurement of early childhood development at the population level has traditionally been neglected in Latin America. In this context, Uruguay stands out for having two population-based protocols: ...

Absract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in China and other Asia countries for thousands of years to treat or prevent human diseases. Chinese herbal medicine, one of the most important components of TCM, has unique diversities in chemical components, and thus results in a wide range of biological activities. However, pharmaceutical industry is facing a major challenge to develop a large population of novel natural products and drugs, and considerable efforts have not resulted in high-volume of novel drug discovery and productivity. At present, increasing attention has been paid to Chinese herb medicine modernization in combination with the cutting-age technologies of drug discovery, especially the high throughput selection. High content imaging is an image-based high throughput screening method by using automated microscopy and image analysis software to capture and analyze phenotypes at a large scale to investigate multiple biological features simultaneously in the biological complex. Here, we described the pipeline of the state-of-the-art high content imaging technology, summarized the applications of the high content imaging technology in drug discovery from traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and finally discussed the current challenges and future perspectives for development of high throughput image-based screening technology in novel drug research and discovery.

There is increasing attention focussed on the risks associated with mobile phones possibly serving as ‘Trojan Horse’ fomites for microbial transmission in healthcare settings. However, little is reported on the presence of microbes on community derived mobile phones which in 2021, numbered in the billions in circulation with majority being used on a daily basis. Identify viable microbial organisms swabbed from smartphones on a university campus. Entire surfaces of 5 mobile phones were swabbed and examined for their microbial content using pre-agar-based growths followed by downstream DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing analysis. All phones were contaminated with viable microbes. 173 bacteria, 8 fungi, 8 protists, 53 bacteriophages, 317 virulence factor genes and 41 distinct antibiotic resistant genes were identified. While this research represents a pilot study, the snapshot metagenomic analysis of samples collected from the surface of mobile phones has revealed the presence of a large population of viable microbes and an array of antimicrobial resistant factors. With billions of phones in circulation, these devices might be responsible for the rise of community acquired infections. These pilot results highlight the importance of public health authorities considering mobile phones as ‘Trojan Horse’ devices for microbial transmission and ensure appropriate decontamination campaigns are implemented.

Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction relates to temporal changes of atherosclerotic plaque culminating in plaque rupture, erosion or hemorrhage and the subsequent thrombotic response. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) provides the ability to visualize and quantify plaque, and plaque progression can be measured on a per-patient basis by comparing findings of serial CCTA. The Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography IMaging (PARADIGM) registry was established with the objective of identifying patterns of plaque progression in a large population. The registry comprises over 2000 patients with multiple CCTA scans performed at least two years apart. Unlike previous CCTA registries, a semi-automated plaque quantification technique permitting detailed analysis of plaque progression was performed on all patients with interpretable studies. Since the registry was established, 19 peer-reviewed publications were identified, and all are reviewed and summarized in this article.

Health communication is a systematic effort that has a positive impact on the health practice of a large population. The Covid-19 pandemic, which is felt quite suddenly, caused confusion from all sectors, one of which is the health sector. The health sector in Indonesia looks unprepared for this pandemic in communicating the Covid-19 virus to the public. Therefore, health communication, which is part of mass communication, is one of the communication models that can give information the public about health. The focus in this research is on health communication strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this research is literature study. The result and conclusion of this study which is the health communication strategy in building public participation during the covid-19 pandemic is 1) health communication campaigns must be carried out in an integrated and sustainable manner and carried out by experts, 2) creating and implementing appropriate and effective communication strategies in handling Covid-19, 3) developing appropriate, effective and efficient tactics and technical actions and procedures

Frequent testing of large population groups combined with contact tracing and isolation measures will be crucial for containing Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreaks. Here we present LAMP-Seq, a modified, highly scalable reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method. Unpurified biosamples are barcoded and amplified in a single heat step, and pooled products are analyzed en masse by sequencing. Using commercial reagents, LAMP-Seq has a limit of detection of ~2.2 molecules per µl at 95% confidence and near-perfect specificity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 given its sequence readout. Clinical validation of an open-source protocol with 676 swab samples, 98 of which were deemed positive by standard RT-qPCR, demonstrated 100% sensitivity in individuals with cycle threshold values of up to 33 and a specificity of 99.7%, at a very low material cost. With a time-to-result of fewer than 24 h, low cost and little new infrastructure requirement, LAMP-Seq can be readily deployed for frequent testing as part of an integrated public health surveillance program.

Existence of the frame is pre-requisite for any sample survey or census of a large population. Frames are quite often imperfect due to dynamic nature of sampling units. Frames become incomplete by the time actual survey and enumeration starts which affects the statistical results desired for the target population. In present study imperfection in the frame of large population arising due to qualitative change of units from one class to other have been considered. We have considered incomplete frame assuming the nature of units following dynamic change from class one to other follow a probability distribution function. Suitable estimator for proportion of units belonging to a particular domain and unbiased estimate of target population for a class have been proposed along with its estimate of variance. The estimates are evolved so as to eliminate error caused due to deviation of sampled population from target population. The paper deals with interesting problem arising in survey sampling and is useful in practice.

The proliferation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with deletion mutations has been linked to aging and age related neurodegenerative conditions. In this study we model the effect of mtDNA half-life on mtDNA competition and selection. It has been proposed that mutation deletions ( $$\text {mtDNA}_{del}$$ ) have a replicative advantage over wild-type ( $$\text {mtDNA}_{wild}$$ ) and that this is detrimental to the host cell, especially in post-mitotic cells. An individual cell can be viewed as forming a closed ecosystem containing a large population of independently replicating mtDNA. Within this enclosed environment a selfishly replicating $$\text {mtDNA}_{del}$$ would compete with the $$\text {mtDNA}_{wild}$$ for space and resources to the detriment of the host cell. In this paper, we use a computer simulation to model cell survival in an environment where $$\text {mtDNA}_{wild}$$ compete with $$\text {mtDNA}_{del}$$ such that the cell expires upon $$\text {mtDNA}_{wild}$$ extinction. We focus on the survival time for long lived post-mitotic cells, such as neurons. We confirm previous observations that $$\text {mtDNA}_{del}$$ do have a replicative advantage over $$\text {mtDNA}_{wild}$$ . As expected, cell survival times diminished with increased mutation probabilities, however, the relationship between survival time and mutation rate was non-linear, that is, a ten-fold increase in mutation probability only halved the survival time. The results of our model also showed that a modest increase in half-life had a profound affect on extending cell survival time, thereby, mitigating the replicative advantage of $$\text {mtDNA}_{del}$$ . Given the relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction to various neurodegenerative conditions, we propose that therapies to increase mtDNA half-life could significantly delay their onset.

In this study, we aimed to investigate healthcare access and utilization among patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). We analyzed aggregated data from the 2018 California Health Interview Survey, a large population-based survey. Survey weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. A total of 21,177 participants were included with 8.2% having LEP. Compared to participants with proficient English, LEP participants were less likely to have a usual place to go to when sick other than the ER or have a preventive care visit in the past year after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. However, LEP participants were also less likely to need to see a medical specialist and less likely to delay necessary medical care compared to English proficient participants. While patients with LEP were less likely to have access to preventative care, they were also less likely to delay necessary care.

The issue of drug abuse or drug use is still a problem that is quite concerning for the Indonesian people until now. Indonesia is the right target for drug traffickers because of its large population and a large number of young people. This is a big challenge for the government to overcome this problem, through the institution, namely the National Narcotics Agency. This research was conducted with the aim to finding out what steps have been taken by the National Narcotics Agency to overcoming the problem of drug use, especially in Yogyakarta. This research used descriptive research methods that try to obtain facts and provides an overview of events and phenomena in people's lives to describe what is currently applicable. In overcoming the problem of drug abuse, especially in Yogyakarta, the Yogyakarta Provincial National Narcotics Agency has taken several steps, including increasing knowledge, give understanding and awareness of drug use. Take preventive measures and carry out advocacy. In carrying out its duties, BNNP DIY also always collaborates with other institutions, such as government agencies, private agencies, educational institutions and the community.

Results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that green leafy vegetables (GLV) could attenuate liver steatosis. However, little is known regarding the association between GLV intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in human. We examined the association of GLV intake with NAFLD in a large-scale adult population.This cross-sectional study investigated 26,891 adults in China who participated in health examinations from 2013 to 2017. Newly diagnosed NAFLD was detected by liver ultrasonography. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated and standardized food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across categories of GLV intake. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other dietary intakes, the OR (95% CI) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories (≥7 times/week vs. almost never) was 0.72 (0.59, 0.90) (P 0.0001). In addition, a linear inverse association was demonstrated between GLV intake and NAFLD in women (P for trend = 0.04), but ORs for any intake category did not reach significance. Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by obesity status; the ORs (95% CIs) for comparing the highest vs. lowest GLV intake categories was 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) in normal/overweight individuals and 1.04 (0.65, 1.65) in obese individuals (P-interaction 0.0001).This large population-based study shows that high GLV intake is inversely associated with NAFLD, particularly in women and non-obese participants.