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Many studies show that hyperglycemia can lead to injury to the intestinal mucosal barrier, increasing the likelihood of infection, leading to intestinal inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes. Recently, investigations indicate that the gut microbiome plays a very important role in this disease in which Lactobacillus in the gut has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, improving oxidative stress, and inhibiting inflammatory responses. In this study, by the method of oriented isolation, the number of Lactobacillus bacteria in the subgroup of healthy people was determined to be (3,9 ± 1.2) x 103 CFU/g and in the group of diabetic patients was (2.7 ± 0.8) x 103 CFU/g. The study identified 17/68 selected Lactobacillus strains that were resistant to both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC13709 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11105. Moreover, these strains were also resistant to acid pH 2. Besides that, 16/17 strains tested were able to survive over 90% in 0.3% bile salt environment. Among the 17 strains studied, 3 strains of Lactobacillus 13, Lactobacillus 16, Lactobacillus 17 showed probiotic characteristics such as antibacterial ability, acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance. All three strains of Lactobacillus 13, Lactobacillus 16, and Lactobacillus 17 belong to species of Lactobacillus plantarum. This result makes a useful contribution to guide the application of Lactobacillus strain in creating dietary supplements for people with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in combination with human mesenchymal stem cells from autologous adipose tissue for knee osteoarthritis treatment. Research object and method: In the study, there are 30 patients including 26 females and 4 males; correspondingly, 60 knee joints were diagnosed with osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) who are at the mean age of 58,63 ± 11.11, disease duration is from 5,3± 4,6 years which is respectively of stages II - III according to Kellgren and Lawrence. All were injected with autologous platelet-rich plasma that was extracted by PRP set, APC 30 PRP PRCEDURE PRAK and autologously extracted mesenchymal stem cells from abdominal adipose tissue using the ADI-25-01 ADIPOSEPRCEDURE PRAK set with the Harvest smart stem cell separator of TERUMO BCT- USA. Results: After 12 months of treatment: the pain level according to VAS score at the right knee joint was decreased from 6.0 ± 1.28 before treatment to 1.9 ± 0.3; VAS score at the left knee joint was decreased from 6.43±1.19 to 2.25±0.43. Total Liquesce score at right knee joint was decreased from 16.04±1.57 before treatment to 4.31±1.04, at left knee joint was decreased from 17.52±1.74 before treatment to 5.15. ±1.48. Total WOMAC score at right knee joint was decreased from 55.93±5.56 to 10.37±1.56; at left knee joint was decreased from 53.97±5.57 to 10.07±1.59. There were 52/60 (86.77%) joints with cartilage thickness change and the patellar cartilage thickness was increased from 1.56 ± 0.09 mm before treatment to 1.65 ± 0.09 mm. The rate of complications at injection site, abdominal adipose removal is low, there are no complications of local infection and systemic reactions. Conclusion: The treatment of knee osteoarthritis with platelet-rich plasma in combination with mesenchymal stem cells from autologous adipose tissue is effective in reducing pain, improving patient's mobility and walking function comparing with before treatment; reforming articular cartilage thickness on magnetic resonance image which therefore improves the mobility function of the knee joint. This therapy is safe.

Throughout the world, livestock grazing systems (LGS) include, and provide livelihoods for, many rural populations. These LGS are represented in a wide variety of agroecological contexts and offer a huge variety of system organization. They contribute to sustainable food systems by providing multiple products including low-cost edible proteins and energy, draft power, outputs (carbon and soil nutrient regulation, landscape and biodiversity maintenance), roles (local development support in harsh environments, contribution to the circular economy) and benefits to populations (revenue, employment, and cultural assets). These multiple functions can be described through a multifunctional conceptual model specified for LGS. Applied to cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe, the framework enables the assessment of these systems in a holistic manner that includes four dimensions: production, social, environmental and local development. These dimensions and associated local indicators demonstrate the potential important contribution that LGS may deliver to sustainable food systems. Management of interactions and trade-offs between these functions may be improved using such a model in a multi-stakeholder approach. Some of the functions and balance between them might have been overlooked in the consideration of European food systems. IPAF Región NOA Fil: Ickowicz, Alexandre. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Ickowicz, Alexandre. Selmet, Univertité Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE; Francia Fil: Ickowicz, Alexandre. Cirad, UMR Selmet, Montpellier; Francia Fil: Hubert, Bernard. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Hubert, Bernard. INRAE. Unité d'Ecodéveloppement; Francia Fil: Blanchard, Mélanie. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Blanchard, Mélanie. Selmet, Univertité Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE; Francia Fil: Blanchard, Mélanie. Cirad, UMR Selmet Hanoï; Vietnam Fil: Blanchard, Mélanie. Nias, Hanoï; Vietnam Fil: Blanfort, Vincent. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Blanfort, Vincent. Selmet, Univertité Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE; Francia Fil: Blanfort, Vincent. Cirad, UMR Selmet, Montpellier; Francia Fil: Cesaro, Jean-Daniel. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Cesaro, Jean-Daniel. Selmet, Univertité Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE; Francia Fil: Cesaro, Jean-Daniel. Cirad, UMR Selmet, ISRA, PPZS, Saint-Louis, Senegal Fil: Diaw, Arona. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Diaw, Arona. Laiterie du Berge; Senegal Fil: Lasseur, Jacques. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Lasseur, Jacques. Selmet, Univertité Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE; Francia Fil: Huyen, Le Thi Thanh. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Huyen, Le Thi Thanh. Nias, Hanoï; Vietnam Fil: Li, Li. Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences; China Fil: Mauricio, Rogerio Martins. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Mauricio, Rogerio Martins. Universidade Federal de Sao Joao. Biotechnology Department; Brasil Fil: Cangussu, Mauroni. Universidade Federal de Sao Joao. Biotechnology Department; Brasil Fil: Müller, Jean-Pierre. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Müller, Jean-Pierre. Sens, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, Montpellier; Francia Fil: Müller, Jean-Pierre. Cirad, UMR Sens, Montpellier; Francia Fil: Quiroga Mendiola, Mariana. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Quiroga Mendiola, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región NOA; Argentina Fil: Quiroga Roger, Juan Alfonso. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región NOA; Argentina Fil: Vera, Tomas Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región NOA; Argentina Fil: Ulambayar, Tungalag. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Ulambayar, Tungalag. Zoological Society of London. Representative Office Ulaanbaatar; Mongolia Fil: Wedderburn, Liz. FAO. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock “Restoring value to grassland” network; Italia Fil: Wedderburn, Liz. AgResearch Ltd.; Nueva Zelanda

Competencies of school health staff (SHS) members, including school nurses, are crucial to improving child and adolescent health. In Vietnam, although SHS members are dispatched to schools, they have limited training opportunities. This study identified SHS members&rsquo, training needs in a province of Vietnam. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with 204 SHS members. The performance and importance of SHS members&rsquo, competencies were measured using 59-items and rated by a 5-point Likert scale. SHS members&rsquo, training priorities were analyzed using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus model. Controlling infectious disease was the highest training priority while implementing health promotion programs was of relatively low priority. The high-priority training needs identified could be rendered mandatory in policy for continuing education of SHS members. Awareness of the importance of health promotion, which has been emphasized globally, should also be promoted via school health policy. These findings could guide development of future training programs for SHS members.

In the recent past, pig performance and sow management on smallholder farms in the Southeast Asian Massif have been extensively researched. But the objective of this study was to investigate the lifetime efficiency of breeding sows of the local Vietnamese Ban (n = 89) and Mong Cai (n = 131) breeds in a production system context. The impact of sow longevity was considered in particular. In addition, predictors of early pre-weaning mortality in piglets were investigated. In total, nine villages of Son La province, situated in the uplands of north-western Vietnam, were selected, differing in access to markets, production intensity, and pig management level. Data was collected over a period of 10 years through an on-farm performance testing system. It was shown that sows of both breeds that achieved five or more parities farrowed and weaned significantly more piglets per life year compared to sows with only one or two parities. The conception rate (Spearman's rho = 0.374) and age at first farrowing (Spearman's rho = -0.424) were significantly correlated with the number of weaned piglets per life year of stayable (≥4 parities) Mong Cai sows. The risk of early pre-weaning death of piglets born to Mong Cai sows was affected more by litter size, while for piglets born to Ban sows, the risk was influenced more by the season. Therefore, interventions to improve the sow lifetime efficiency and piglet survivability must match the sow breed and management level.

Slaughtered at heavy live weights, carcasses of the autochthonous Vietnamese Ban pig breed are not marketable on the highly remunerative niche markets of the urban Red River Delta. Therefore, Ban pigs are traded often at just 10 to 15 kg to avoid excessive fat accumulation. However, already, a moderate increase of slaughter weights might lead to rising profits for smallholder farmers in the uplands. Thus, this research aimed at investigating the effect of increasing live weight on the carcass composition and meat quality of indigenous Ban pigs qualifying for commerce on high-end markets. Fifty-six castrated male Ban fatteners with body weights ranging from 6.5 to 29.3 kg were collected from smallholder farmers applying a feeding system based on banana pseudostem ( Musa spp.) and slaughtered by local slaughterers according to common practice. The carcass quality of 51 animals and, additionally, meat quality parameters of the loin and ham of 56 animals were assessed. For the evaluation of increased live weights on commodity prices, two pricing systems based on actual market prices for Ban fatteners in Son La town and Hanoi were suggested. Carcass fat depots did not significantly increase when body weights were raised from 12 to approximately 20 kg, and the distribution of primal cuts and the meat quality of the loin and ham were relatively stable. Thus, the currently applied slaughter weights for purebred Ban pigs appear to be suboptimal, and a moderate increase of slaughter weights to approximately 20 kg is feasible and could result in monetary benefits. In this context, the role of small-scale slaughterers for value chain upgrading is discussed. In conclusion, increasingly formalized value chains for traditional pork products could provide the potential to not only contribute to rural development in the Southeast Asian Massif, but also to the conservation of animal genetic resources of a highly valuable eco-cultural region.

In this paper, a new Space-Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation (SM) scheme based on the Golden Code, called the In this paper, we evaluate the symbol error performance of an extended Index Modulation for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (IM-OFDM), namely repeated index modulation-OFDM with coordinated interleaving (abbreviated as ReCI), over the Nakagami-m fading channel. The ReCI system attains higher error performance than the conventional IM-OFDM with coordinate interleaving (IMOFDM-CI). In order to investigate the system performance over the Nakagami-m fading channel, we derive the closed-form expressions for the symbol error probability (SEP) and the bit error probability (BEP). The analytical results give interesting insights into the dependence of SEP on system parameters. Their tightness is also validated by numerical results, which show that our proposed scheme can provide considerably better error performance than the conventional IM-OFDM and IM-OFDM-CI at the same spectral efficiency. DOI: 10.32913/mic-ict-research.v2019.n1.863

In the North-western mountains of Vietnam, erosion and loss of fertility of agricultural slopes land, and dry season forage deficit are the main constraints to the development of livestock production system. Forage production options seem relevant to jointly address these two constraints and promote an agroecological transition of mixed crop-livestock systems in the region. Forage production scenarios were designed with farmers and local authorities through interviews and their impacts on the farm sustainability evaluated using Tìm ra mô hình, a simulation tool adapted to the farms of the region. Data describing the structure and practices of farms were collected by farm surveys. The results show that co-designed scenarios can represent options for agroecological transition of farms. To be effective and implemented, these scenarios must be adapted to the farms types and accompanied by support actions.

Pig farming systems in Vietnam are very diverse but little is known about this diversity. In particular, the different livestock farming systems currently in operation do not have the same capacity to be sustainable. The study aims to categorize farming systems involving pig production and investigate their sustainability. Data were collected from 160 family pig farms and 2 large-scale farms in Mai Son district of Son La province (northwest of Vietnam) using stratified random sampling. The multiple factor analysis method was used to identify different farms and to characterize each type with economic, social, and environmental indicators. The results highlighted four different farm types. Type 1 contained smallholder farms with diversified farm activities. They were mainly farmed by ethnic minorities located in the intermediate highland. They had low labor productivity and relied mainly on crop farming. Pig production was characterized by a low level of economic and social sustainability. Type 2 farms had comparatively less land and crops than other types. They were more specialized in livestock production, had medium-size pig herds, and were engaged in off-farm jobs. They were less dependent on credit or location and performed better with regard to environmental issues than larger farm types. Type 3 was specialized farms with large pig herds. They seemed more sustainable in economic and social components than the other types, but their environmental sustainability was questionable. Type 4 contained large mixed crop-livestock farms. They obtained high income but were more dependent on credit than the other types. In the future, in addition to focusing on large-scale specialized farms, policies should also consider small-scale and diversified farms because of their role in the sustainable development of national pig production.

Dans la province d’Hanoi, des centaines d’eleveurs collectent chaque jour les restes de repas dans les quartiers urbains. Ces « eaux grasses » servent a nourrir des porcs, des poulets et des poissons dans des exploitations agricoles situees en peripherie de la metropole. Cette economie circulaire atypique valorise une ressource organique, evitant ainsi son enfouissement dans les decharges publiques. Dans un contexte de metropolisation, ce systeme informel d’elevages-recycleurs est sous pression car le volume de dechets augmente alors que les espaces a vocation agricole dans le tissu urbain se rarefient. Comment ces acteurs arrivent-ils encore a assurer cette collecte et quel avenir ont-ils en perspective ? A travers l’analyse de donnees empiriques, cet article propose de qualifier et quantifier la contribution de cette organisation paysanne dans le metabolisme urbain de la metropole. L’originalite de cette pratique interpelle dans un contexte mondial de pression sur les ressources. Ces eleveurs periurbains contribuent-ils a une plus grande efficacite du metabolisme urbain ?

In Northwest mountains of Vietnam, the smallholder livestock farms depend largely on natural pastures for animal feed. However, the management or improvement of grazing areas has not yet been recognized or regulated by local authorities. There is a need to provide reasonable evidence of the grassland-based livestock systems contribution for sustainable development. An ontology proposed by the AN2-GASL group was used to evaluate the contribution of grazing livestock systems in four dimensions: production, ecosystems, social and local development in the case of the Quài Nưa commune, a northwest mountain commune of Vietnam. Livestock contributed multifunction to all types of family farms. Cattle and buffaloes make an high contribution through meat for domestic consumption, sacrifices and donations, traction force, manure production and stock value as bank saving. This study provides quantified evidence of the multi-functionality of extensive cattle production at farm and communal levels. The contribution of grazing areas for meat production, but also for the creation of employment and the revenue and profit along the beef value chain was calculated at commune level. It appears that a balance between different types of farms with different roles could be a basis for local sustainable development.

Inheriting and developing the Functioning Tourism System (FTS) model of Gunn (Gunn, 1988; Clare, Gunn, & Turgut Var, 2002), this study assessed the potential of cultural heritage tourism (CHT) in Vietnam. The research results show that the current CHT activities in Vietnam are below the potential. In addition, the study shows that the heritage tourism potential is based on the elements that constitute the tourism system according to the FTS model as destination/attractions, transportation, information, promotion, system of services, travel needs of the community and especially safety and security not only in the area of the tourist destination but also in the whole country. These elements are closely linked with each other and without one of these elements, the tourism system cannot exist and develop. The study also clarifies that the more complete the heritage tourism system, the greater the potential for CHT.

Natural grasslands are a major feed source for cattle production in the Northern highlands of Vietnam. However, as market develops, and cash crop production increases, so too does pressure on land, with less and less area available for natural pastures. This study analysed the diversity of the functions of grasslands and their perception by various stakeholders resulting in motivation to (or in low interest for) improving pasture management. The availability of communal grazing-land is a major factor affecting cattle herd size, management practice and profitability of beef production. Beef produced in extensive grazing systems is preferred by traders and consumers, with the development of beef cattle value chains providing new opportunities for farmers to improve natural pastures management and to extend growing-pastures on upland fields. The grazing areas are composed of uncovered grasslands, but also of forest lands, fallows and interstitial areas (border of fields, roads…). Pastoral systems are characterized by multi-functions of livestock that contrast with the vision of commercial firms invested in the development of mono-cropping such as maize production. Although Government has encouraged beef production development in the highlands, multi-functionality of livestock, forest and crop cultivation are not mentioned in the development programs. And grasslands are not formally recognized by local institutions as a valuable feed source. Consequently, government support funding is rarely requested to improve natural pastures. Collective action is required from all different stakeholders to manage them sustainably.

The objective of this study was to compare the management and economic success of beef production by three types of farm in northwestern Vietnam. The potential of household farms to supply beef for the market and their competition with large farms were examined. The fieldwork was done in 2007 on 73 farms consisting of 58 small mixed farms (small farms), 10 medium mixed farms (medium farms) and 5 specialised large-scale beef farms (large farms) in Son La province. The three types of farm differed in ethnicity (Thai, H’mong, and Kinh), remoteness (lowland, highland), production objectives (subsistence, market output), degree of specialization (mixed farm, specialised beef farm) and integration of production (single farmers, cooperative). Data on biological productivity, inputs and outputs, and the social contribution of cattle production were collected by household and key person interviews, participatory rural appraisal tools and cattle body measurements. Economic values were derived by assessment of market or replacement costs. Quantitative data analysis was done with linear models (PROC GLM) in the SAS software (version 9.1). Lowland small farms had higher costs for cattle production than the highland farms (0.8 Mill. VND head −1 year −1 compared with 0.02 Mill. VND head −1 year −1 , respectively). The large farms had high production costs, with an average of 2.5–3.6 Mill. VND head −1 year −1 . Cattle brought high benefits of non-cash values to the household farms. The total revenue from cattle was in the range 4.5–11.5 Mill. VND head −1 year −1 , which depended on the use of non-market functions of cattle on the household farm. The value of net benefit/kg live weight (LW) of lowland small farms with an average of 39,000 VND/kg LW was significantly higher than that of the medium and small farms in the highlands (26,000 VND/kg LW). However, the small farms kept fewer cattle than the medium farms (average of 2–4 cattle/farm compared with 9 cattle/farm, respectively) because of forage and labour shortages and have no option to further develop cattle production. Keeping larger numbers of cattle based on available natural pasture brought high benefit from stock value as farm liquidity to only the medium farms. This was the most promising type of farm for future development of beef production, given its actual success and the availability of underutilised resources. Large-scale farms suffered high economic losses of 0.3–1.4 Mill. VND cattle −1 year −1 , due to the lack of professional management, high feed costs and low animal performance, and showed no potential for developing cattle production.

Many developing countries have been facing challenges on environmental and sanitary problems because of incomplete food waste (FW) management systems. In the utilization of kitchen wastes and the use of some other organic wastes to feed livestock would help to reduce environmental pollution. The current paper aims to review and understand the overall context of the current practices and regulations of Food Waste recycling into animal feeding in Vietnam.