671 results on '"Leather tanning"'
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2. Application and valorization of novel indigenous Azadirachta indica leaf in leather processing
- Author
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Shakil, Saidur Rahman, Zenith, Fatema Tuz Johura, Khan, Mahabubur Rahman, and Tonay, Waliur Rahman
- Published
- 2024
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3. Traditional leather industries and their role in the development of tourism
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Zineb Chelbi and Rekia Abdessamd
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leather industries ,development ,tourism ,leather tanning ,cultural heritage ,Fine Arts ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
Cultural heritage is one of the fundamental sources that allow us to know our past and identity, and attest to these archaeological vestiges that make up the heritage, and whatever their nature and function, they reveal a stage of our ancient history, and to preserve this identity, this heritage should be preserved with all that it holds.The Algerian cultural heritage is rich in many crafts and industries, which are threatened with extinction and erased from popular memory due to the tyranny of modern industries and lack of interest. These industries include : Traditional leather industries, which, despite the tyranny of modern products, are still being made in old ways, including the western and desert regions of Algeria such asTlemcen and Djanet.Traditional industries play an important role in the development of tourism in many countries, accounting for 10% of tourism revenues according to the World Tourism Organization, so Algeria also has to promote this sector and pay some attention to its involvement in the development of the national economy.The study aims to identify the various methods, techniques and materials used in the leather industry in addition to the problems experienced by the industry in our country with a focus on providing effective solutions in order to The development of this craft .This craft is considered an important source of tourism in others countries such as Tunisia and Morocco. What are the techniques used in its manufacture, and what obstacles hinder its development in Algeria to make it an important source in domestic and foreign tourism?The study concludes that despite the role played by this craft and others in the field of tourism economy for tourism countries, it is in Algeria suffer from many problems, notably neglect, lack of practitioners and poor production and marketing.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Novel Biomass-Based Polymeric Dyes: Preparation and Performance Assessment in the Dyeing of Biomass-Derived Aldehyde-Tanned Leather.
- Author
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Ding, Wei, Zhang, Yinuo, Li, Shuolin, Remón, Javier, Wang, Kanglei, Bao, Lihong, and Pang, Xiaoyan
- Subjects
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DYES & dyeing , *NATURAL dyes & dyeing , *LEATHER , *REACTIVE dyes , *AMINO group , *LEATHER industry , *SCHIFF bases - Abstract
High-performance chrome-free leather production is currently one of the most concerning needs to warrant the sustainable development of the leather industry due to the serious chrome pollution. Driven by these research challenges, this work explores using biobased polymeric dyes (BPDs) based on dialdehyde starch and reactive small-molecule dye (reactive red 180, RD-180) as novel dyeing agents for leather tanned using a chrome-free, biomass-derived aldehyde tanning agent (BAT). FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS, and UV-visible spectrometry analyses indicated that a Schiff base structure was generated between the aldehyde group of dialdehyde starch (DST) and the amino group of RD-180, resulting in the successful load of RD-180 on DST to produce BPD. The BPD could first penetrate the BAT-tanned leather efficiently and then be deposited on the leather matrix, thus exhibiting a high uptake ratio. Compared with the crust leathers prepared using a conventional anionic dye (CAD), dyeing, and RD-180 dyeing, the BPD-dyed crust leather not only had better coloring uniformity and fastness but it also showed a higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and fullness. These data suggest that BPD has the potential to be used as a novel sustainable polymeric dye for the high-performance dyeing of organically tanned chrome-free leather, which is paramount to ensuring and promoting the sustainable development of the leather industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Water Footprint in Leather Tanning and Steel Production
- Author
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Kumar, P. Senthil, Ngueagni, P. Tsopbou, Woumfo, E. Djoufac, Vardhan, Kilaru Harsha, and Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, Series Editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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6. Obtención de pieles curtidas con taninos.
- Author
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Amancha Proaño, Pablo Israel and Jaramillo Constante, Erick Daniel
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VALUE chains ,TENSILE strength ,LEATHER ,PROBLEM solving ,CHROMIUM - Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
7. KAHRAMANMARAŞ YEMENİ VE ÇARIKLARINDA KULLANILAN DERİ MALZEMESİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ.
- Author
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ARIKAN, Hatice Kübra and GÖK, Mustafa Oğuz
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PRODUCT design ,SUSTAINABLE design ,ABRASION resistance ,INDUSTRIAL goods ,WEAR resistance ,LEMON ,COLORS ,NATURAL dyes & dyeing - Abstract
Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. ALTERNATIVE LEATHER MANUFACTURING PROCESS - 2. ASSESSING THE LEATHER’S ECO-FRIENDLINESS
- Author
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PRUNEANU Melinda, BUCIȘCANU Ingrid, MAIER Vasilica, and BĂLĂU-MÎNDRU Iulia
- Subjects
leather tanning ,clean technology ,syntans ,melamine-formaldehyde resins ,wet-white ,Manufactures ,TS1-2301 - Abstract
It is the aim of this paper to assess the eco-friendliness of a bovine leather, obtained by an improved process that consists in pretanning with an oligomer resin, followed by low-offer chrome tannage. Namely, the leather tendency to release the tanning chemical auxiliaries was tested. The following analyses were performed to quantify the auxiliaries from aqueous leather extracts: total dissolved solids, organic and inorganic soluble matter, UV-VIS spectroscopy, HPLC chromatography. Experimental data indicated high release rates of oligomer and resorcin from the pre-tanned leather, which proves the reversibility of the pretanning process. The release rates of the same compounds after trivalent chrome tanning and retanning was about 4 times lower. This is due to the supplementary complexation effect of the oligomer resin and resorcin upon the trivalent chrome. Pretanning with oligomer resin and resorcin determined the decrease of chrome salt consumption by 50 ÷ 60 % as compared with the conventional chrome tanning technology, and advanced exhaustion of spent floats. Low-offer chrome tanning preceded by pretanning can contribute to the obtaining of eco-friendly leather, mainly due to lower Cr(III) content of finished leather. Consequently, the occurrence in leather of hexavalent chrome Cr(VI), which is one of the most restrictive indicators for leather eco-friendliness, is mitigated.
- Published
- 2018
9. The Effect of Chromium Exposure on Creatinine and Bun Level of Tanners in Leather Industry in Magetan.
- Author
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Asiah, Siti, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, and Denny Ardyanto W, Y.
- Subjects
LEATHER industry ,CHROMIUM ,CREATININE ,PERIODIC health examinations ,PERSONAL protective equipment ,HYGIENE ,CHROMIUM ions - Abstract
Chromium in the leather tanning industry can have an impact on workers’ health. Kidney disease is often referred to as a side effect from exposure to chromium. Measurement of creatinine and BUN level is a method of examining kidney function. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chromium exposure on creatinine and BUN level in leather tanning workers in small leather industry in Magetan. This type of research is observational with cross sectional design. The sample of the study was 13 exposed worker groups namely chromium operators and 13 unexposed groups namely administrative workers. The results showed that there were differences in the average levels of urine chromium in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,000), there were differences in the average creatinine levels in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,031), and there were no difference in the average level of BUN in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,644). There were no influence of chromium levels in urine on the increase in creatinine levels (p-value = 0,189) and BUN (p-value = 0,854) in tanning workers, with a significance value of p-value> 0,05. The conclusion of this study had that chromium was no effect on creatinine and BUN levels. High levels of urine chromium in tanning workers indicate a health risk that requires control effort. Suggestion given is that the tanners need periodic health examination, keep personal hygiene before and after working as well as using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Chromium in the leather tanning industry can have an impact on workers’ health. Kidney disease is often referred to as a side effect from exposure to chromium. Measurement of creatinine and BUN level is a method of examining kidney function. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chromium exposure on creatinine and BUN level in leather tanning workers in small leather industry in Magetan. This type of research is observational with cross sectional design. The sample of the study was 13 exposed worker groups namely chromium operators and 13 unexposed groups namely administrative workers. The results showed that there were differences in the average levels of urine chromium in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,000), there were differences in the average creatinine levels in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,031), and there were no difference in the average level of BUN in chromium operators and administrative workers (p-value = 0,644). There were no influence of chromium levels in urine on the increase in creatinine levels (p-value = 0,189) and BUN (p-value = 0,854) in tanning workers, with a significance value of p-value> 0,05. The conclusion of this study had that chromium was no effect on creatinine and BUN levels. High levels of urine chromium in tanning workers indicate a health risk that requires control effort. Suggestion given is that the tanners need periodic health examination, keep personal hygiene before and after working as well as using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. Shoes
- Author
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Yu, Sherry H., Sood, Apra, Taylor, James S., Johansen, Jeanne Duus, editor, Lepoittevin, Jean-Pierre, editor, and Thyssen, Jacob P., editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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11. Greener Approach for Leather Tanning Using Less Chrome with Plant Tannins and Tannins Mediated Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Raji, P., Samrot, Antony V., Bhavya, Karanam Sai, Sharan, M., Priya, Sri, and Paulraj, Ponnaiah
- Subjects
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TANNINS , *TANNING (Hides & skins) , *LEATHER , *SILVER nanoparticles , *GROUNDWATER , *SOIL fertility - Abstract
Making out animal skins or hides to leather is commonly called as tanning. This research was done for utilizing tannins of some medicinal plants and tannin induced green-synthesized silver nanoparticles along with minimal concentration of chromium to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of leather and thereby reducing the pollution caused by chromium in effluent which crucially affect the soil fertility, ground and surface water. In this study, Cassia alata, Euphorbia hirta, Thespesia populnea and Wrightia tinctoria were collected and tannins were extracted from the leaves. Tannins were utilized for production of silver nanoparticles. The extracted tannins and tannin induced silver nanoparticles were characterized, where the silver nanoparticles were found to be crystalline. Further, the tannin and tannin induced silver nanoparticles were used in leather processing either alone or in combination with chromium. The quality of tannin/silver nanoparticle treated leather was compared with chemically tanned leather for its tensile strength, tear strength, shrinking temperature, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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12. USNJARSTVO V SREDNJEVEŠKIH MESTIH SLOVENSKE ŠTAJERSKE.
- Author
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RAVNIKAR, Tone
- Abstract
The present discourse entitled Leather tanning in medieval cities of today's Slovenian Styria mostly concerns itself with the question of medieval-citizen-craftsmen trying to achieve a prestigious position within their city's hierarchy. The analysis was done using the already published literature as well as published and unpublished primary sources. Even though the emphasis is on cities of today's Slovenian Styria, the comparison was also made with the ones of contemporary Carniola and the Slovenian Littoral. We must admit that the leather tanning craft during the middle ages was relatively low as far as prestige goes. Even so we can surmise, that many tanners were able to reach for the highest positions of a certain city's administration. This was especially true for the artisans in smaller cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Chromium
- Author
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Sethi, Geetanjali, Belum, Viswanath Reddy, Burrows, Desmond, Maibach, Howard I., Hostynek, Jurij J., Rustemeyer, Thomas, editor, Elsner, Peter, editor, John, Swen-Malte, editor, and Maibach, Howard I., editor
- Published
- 2012
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14. ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM COMPOSITE CONTAINING CHROME TANNED LEATHER SHAVING WASTE.
- Author
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Morsy, M. I. and Nasr, A. I.
- Subjects
TANNING (Hides & skins) ,SOLID waste ,THERMAL conductivity ,THERMAL insulation ,GYPSUM - Abstract
Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Vigilancia Tecnológica para la Identificación de Innovaciones en Subproductos de la Curtición.
- Author
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Padilla, José B., Zartha, Jhon W., Álvarez, Verónica T., and Orozco, Gina L.
- Abstract
The objective of the work presented in this paper is the identification of innovations and new processes in split leather. For this, a process of technological surveillance was done through the search of information referred to canine toys, process technologies, normativity, and trends. Life cycle analysis of the technologies through S curves was applied. Among the most important documents found were two new processes for the manufacture of canine toys described in two patents in the United States. Also, for split leather flour its inflection point in articles was presented in the period 2016-2018, which represents an opportunity to continue research on this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. The Willingness to Pay for Improving Drinking water supply in Tamil Nadu: A Case study of tannery water pollution in Vellore District
- Author
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Xavier Susairaj A and A Premkumar
- Subjects
Pollution ,Earnings ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Water supply ,Livelihood ,language.human_language ,Agricultural economics ,Leather tanning ,Willingness to pay ,Tamil ,language ,Business ,Water pollution ,media_common - Abstract
Tannery pollution and the resulting health impacts are a worldwide problem. Due to the cheap labour availability and tax pollution regulation leather tanning has become a popular export earning industry in countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Given its huge potential for export earnings and local economic livelihood especially for poor households, its adverse health impacts seem to have been ignored. Also thus far there has been no systematic economic valuation study in India. This also attempts to estimate the health cost of this industry to people including those very households that have made leather tanning their livelihood. Therefore the present research study aims to examine economic valuation of human health impact of the pollution from the tannery industry in Vellore district, using the Willingness to Pay method. Vellore district in Tamil Nadu state of India is purposively selected because of its larger number of tanneries.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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17. Green and sustainable ‘Al-Zr-oligosaccharides’ tanning agents from the simultaneous depolymerization and oxidation of waste paper
- Author
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National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Ding, Wei [0000-0002-6818-7524], Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Shi, Bi [0000-0003-0870-6043], Gao, Mi, Remón, Javier, Ding, Wei, Jiang, Zhicheng, Shi, Bi, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Ding, Wei [0000-0002-6818-7524], Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], Shi, Bi [0000-0003-0870-6043], Gao, Mi, Remón, Javier, Ding, Wei, Jiang, Zhicheng, and Shi, Bi
- Abstract
Developing chrome-free and sustainable tanning agents is extremely important to the sustainability of the leather industry. Herein, we have synthesized an Al-Zr-oligosaccharides tanning agent via a simultaneous degradation and oxidation of cellulose in waste paper. The influence of the temperature and the concentrations of AlCl3 and H2O2 during the synthesis were thoroughly investigated on the properties of the tanning agent and the leather produced. The synthesis temperature and the concentration of AlCl3 were the factors primarily affecting the effective depolymerization of cellulose. They controlled the conversion of waste paper into oligosaccharides with an appropriate molecular weight to efficiently penetrate the leather matrix. In parallel, the H2O2 concentration substantially influenced the tanning performance of the Al-Zr-oligosaccharides, diminishing the chromaticity of the tanning liquid via oxidation and promoting the conversion of C2/C3/C6-OH moieties into -CHO/-COOH. These functional groups increased the surface charge of the oligosaccharides allowing more effective coordination with Al/Zr, which facilitated the penetration of Al/Zr species into the leather matrix. Once inside the leather matrix, Al and Zr were released and reacted with the collagen fibers in leather, which resulted in effective leather tanning. The process optimization revealed that up to 57% of waste paper could be converted into a low-chromaticity (4350 AU) liquid hydrolysate with the synthesis conducted at 177 °C in a system comprising 47 mM AlCl3 and 5 vol% H2O2. The application of this liquid for tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature (86.5 °C) sufficiently high for commercial applications. These excellent results, combined with the intrinsic green nature of our approach, exemplify a step forward to simultaneously reduce pollution and hazards in leather industries giving a second life to waste paper.
- Published
- 2022
18. POTENSI BIOFUEL PADA MIKROALGA DENGAN VARIASI LIMBAH MENGGUNAKAN OXIDATION DITCH ALGAE REACTOR
- Author
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Iqbal Ramadhan, Aulia Ulfah Farahdiba, Lolita Kurniasari, Savira Safrilia, Euis Nurul Hidayah, and Ni Made Maya
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Leather tanning ,Spirulina (genus) ,Chlorophyll a ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Algae ,biology ,Biofuel ,Chlorella vulgaris ,Biomass ,Sewage treatment ,Food science ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan potensi biofuel mikroalga menggunakan Oxidation Ditch Algae Reactor. Produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid Chlorella vulgaris meningkat seiring waktu dan diamati menjadi 2440 mg / L, 3,78 mg / L, dan 16,91% setelah 7 hari, dengan limbah tahu. Produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid adalah 2050 mg / l, 2,4 mg / l, 14,34%, dengan limbah penyamakan kulit. Produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid adalah 2430 mg / l, 3,47 mg / l, 16,79%. Produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid Spirulina Plantesis meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu dan diamati bahwa 3320 mg / L, 4,81 mg / L, dan 23,86% setelah 7 hari, dengan limbah tahu produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid meningkat. bersama waktu. dan mengamati 3210 mg / L, 2,67 mg / L, dan 19,34% setelah 7 hari, dengan limbah dari penyamakan produksi biomassa, klorofil a dan lipid dari Spirulina Plantesis meningkat dengan bertambahnya waktu dan diamati menjadi 2980 mg / L, 4 mg / L, dan 19,53% setelah 7 hari. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa produksi biofuel dan pengolahan air limbah oleh Chlorella Vulgaris & Spirulina Plantesis menggunakan limbah tahu & limbah penyamakan kulit
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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19. PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SLUDGE INDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TANAMAN PUCUK MERAH (SYZYGIUM OLEANA)
- Author
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Munawar Ali and Dorti Jouba Nababan
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Horticulture ,biology ,Syzygium ,Shoot ,Composition (visual arts) ,biology.organism_classification ,Nutrient content - Abstract
Kandungan hara yang tinggi pada sludge industri penyamakan kulit menjadikan dasar untuk mengeksploitasi sludge tersebut sebagai campuran media tanam pada pucuk merah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tanaman pucuk merah terhadap pemberian sludge IPAL industri penyamakan kulit dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai campuran media tanam pada tanaman pucuk merah. Variasi komposisi sludge:tanah, yaitu 5%:95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%, 20%:80%, 0%:100%. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam waktu 3 minggu dengan frekuensi pengamatan 3 hari sekali terhadap tinggi dan diameter batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Syzygium oleana dapat bertahan hidup dari awal sampai akhir penelitian dengan pemberian konsentrasi sludge yang sesuai karena kandungan unsur hara yang tinggi sehingga mempengaruhi kesuburan tanaman baik dalam pertumbuhan tinggi dan perkembangan diameter tanaman yang meningkat dibandingkan dengan tanaman kontrol. Konsentrasi sludge yang dapat digunakan sebagai campuran media tanam pada tanaman pucuk merah berada pada konsentrasi di bawah 50%. Kata kunci: Industri Penyamakan Kulit, Sludge IPAL, Syzygium oleana
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. Chromium
- Author
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Adriano, Domy C. and Adriano, Domy C.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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21. ESTRATÉGIAS DE REDUÇÃO DE CUSTOS DE NÃO QUALIDADE NA INDÚSTRIA DE COUROS.
- Author
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de Jesus Pacheco, Diego Augusto and dos Santos, Éderson Luís
- Subjects
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LEATHER industry , *INDUSTRIAL costs , *COST control , *ECONOMIC competition , *LEATHER - Abstract
The objective of this research was to reduce the non-quality costs in a production system of leather tanning. The research was based on the case study of a Brazilian company that has been facing financial instability caused by quality problems of the production system. The results showed that the leather softness variable is responsible for 80% of the nonquality costs. The findings of the research also revealed internal difficulties in accepting the implementation of quantitative quality controls implemented by employees at the plant's operational level. Overall, the research discussed the importance for leather companies investigating the root causes of quality problems in order to reduce costs with rework and customer returns. Among the implications for companies in the leather manufacturing industry, was the need to improve the skills of employees with new quality management techniques to meet the growing competitiveness of the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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22. Effects of human-induced environmental changes on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of wetlands in Lake Tana Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia.
- Author
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Gezie, Ayenew, Anteneh, Wassie, Dejen, Eshete, and Mereta, Seid
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INVERTEBRATE ecology ,ABNORMALITIES in animals ,WATERSHEDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,WETLANDS ,INVERTEBRATES - Abstract
Wetlands of Lake Tana Watershed provide various ecological and socioeconomic functions. However, they are losing their vigor at alarming rate due to unwise management. Hence, there is an urgent need to monitor and assess these resources so as to identify the major drivers of its degradation and to provide information for management decisions. In this context, we aimed to assess the effects of human activities on macroinvertebrate assemblages of wetlands in Lake Tana Watershed. Biotic and abiotic data were collected from 46 sampling sites located in eight wetlands. A total of 2568 macroinvertebrates belonging to 46 families were recorded. Macroinvertebrate metrics such as Biological Monitoring Working Party score, Shannon diversity index, Ephemeroptera and odonata family richness, and total family richness portrayed a clear pattern of decreasing with increasing in human disturbances, whereas Family biotic index score, which is an indicator of organic pollution, increased with increasing in human disturbances. The regression analysis also revealed that livestock grazing, leather tanning, and eucalyptus plantation were important predictors of macroinvertebrate metrics ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, human activities in and around the wetlands such as farming, leather tanning, solid waste dumping, and effluent discharges were contributed to the degradation of water quality and decreasing in the macroinvertebrate richness and diversity. These alterations could also reduce the availability of wetland products (sedges, craft materials, etc.) and the related ecosystem services. This in turn has an adverse effect on food security and poverty alleviation with considerable impact on communities who heavily depend on wetland products for their livelihood. Therefore, it is essential to formulate wetland policy for achieving wise use goals and necessary legal and institutional backup for sustainable wetland management in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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23. Prevalence of Occupational Skin Diseases and its Predisposing Factors in Leather Tanning Workers of Southern India
- Author
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Panjakumar Karunamoorthy, Rajesh Embiranahalli Mani, Mala Ambikapathy, Dhananjayan Venugopal, Shridhar Jagannath Kondhalkar, and B. Ravichandran
- Subjects
integumentary system ,business.industry ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Leather tanning ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Occupational skin diseases ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Skin diseases are a major occupational health issue in tannery workers because of work related exposure to various toxic chemicals used in tanning process. In the present study, prevalence of various skin diseases and predisposing factors in tannery workers were investigated.A cross sectional study including 114 tannery workers (male-89; female-25) employed at different tanneries of Southern India was carried out. Face to face interview with pre-designed questionnaire and health examination was conducted. Skin samples obtained from the participants were subjected to microscopic examination and microbial culture for diagnosis of skin diseases. The prevalence of occupational skin disorders were 39% among the study participants. Contact dermatitis (16%), skin infections (16%), eczematous lesions (7%) and nail discoloration (1.75%) wereidentified. Skin infections of fungal origin were identified among 11.4% of subjects. The skin infections of fungi; tenia corporis, tenia cruris, tenia unguium, tenia versicolor, tenia pedis and Pityriosis versicolor were identified. Bacterial skin infections identified were associated with contact dermatitis. Lack of PPE usage was reported among 30% of workers. Hazardous working environment, chemical exposure, humidity and lack of PPEusage were significantly associated with increased skin disease incidence(p
- Published
- 2020
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24. Analisis Potensi Jejak Karbon Limbah Cair dan Listrik Pada Proses Penyamakan Kulit
- Author
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Nastiti Siswi Indrasti, Aditya Wahyu Nugraha, and Ono Suparno
- Subjects
Pollutant ,carbon footprint ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lcsh:HD9000-9495 ,Pulp and paper industry ,Leather tanning ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon footprint ,lcsh:Agricultural industries ,Environmental science ,leather ,tannery ,Carbon ,Alternative strategy ,Production system - Abstract
Leather is a product obtained from the conversion process of raw skin/hide into leather. The process generate a number of wastes with a high pollutant content, especially waste water. The waste contributes to the formation of carbon emission. Awareness on environmental sustainability also requires the industry to improve its production system to make it more eco-friendly. Improvements will increase production and the industry reputation. Before making improvements to the production system, it is necessary to carry out an analysis related to the carbon emissions produced in producing a product. The objectives of this study were to calculate carbon emission (carbon footprint) that generates in the leather tannery process and to give alternative strategy for the environmental improvement. The research used primary data and secondary data. This research was carried out with the processes identification, carbon emission sources identification, an analysis of the carbon emission potential amount, and a study of strategies to minimize carbon formation in the tannery. The results of the analysis showed that electricity and wastewater were sources of carbon in the production process of leather. The total of carbon emission formed in the leather tanning process was 1,692.17 kg CO2 eq per batch, where wastewater contributed more than electricity. Further analysis showed that 1 m2 of leather produced 8.08 kg CO2 eq of carbon. The strategies that can be taken to reduce carbon emissions are engineering processes, material substitution, and using eco-friendly materials. Keywords: carbon footprint, leather, tannery
- Published
- 2020
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25. Green Productivity in the Indonesian Leather-tanning Industry
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Ono Suparno, Ani Suryani, and Febriani Purba
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Indonesian ,General Chemical Engineering ,language ,General Chemistry ,Business ,Productivity ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Agricultural economics ,language.human_language - Abstract
Green productivity (GP) is a strategy by which production processes are improved by efficiently using resources and materials and adverse impacts on the environment are reduced. This study aims to measure GP of an Indonesian leather-tanning industry and develop alternatives to current processes that would improve its environmental and economic impacts. Two small to medium tanneries (Tanneries A and B) in two provinces were used as a case study. Data were collected through direct observation, measurements, in-depth interviews, and activity documentation. Material flow was analyzed using a green material flow map to determine the six sources of green wastes and the environmental indicators. The GP Index (GPI) was used to measure GP. The best method by which to improve GP was determined using GPI to a ratio of GP along with expert analysis using an analytical hierarchy process. GPI at Tannery A, located in West Java, was 0.14 with economic and environmental indicators of 1.44 and 10.41, respectively. GPI at Tannery B, located in Central Java, was 0.16 with economic and environmental indicators of 1.60 and 9.99, respectively. GP in both tanneries was low because of their suboptimal use of water. High water consumption can lead to a high discharge of liquid waste. Six alternatives for Tannery A and four for Tannery B were created. According to GPI, GP ratio, and expert opinion, the best strategy by which to improve GP was water recycling in the soaking and liming processes. This strategy increased GPI at Tannery A to 0.18 and at Tannery B to 0.20.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A Novel Application of Refinery Merox Unit Wastewater for Bovine Hide Unhairing
- Author
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Tafreshi Navid, Sharifi Akbar, and Asgarifard Pourya
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Wastewater ,Merox ,General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Response surface methodology ,Process time ,Pulp and paper industry ,Refinery - Abstract
Unhairing is one of the major steps of the leather tanning process which removes the hairs, epidermis and to some degree inter-fibrillary proteins. This process needs high amounts of chemicals that cause environmental difficulties. On the other hand, these chemicals are available in the wastewater of the Merox unit of Kermanshah Refinery. For reducing chemical consumption and decreasing environment pollution, we used the aforementioned wastewater for bovine unhairing. A unhairing liquor was prepared in order to unhair skins and different parameters such as the concentration of CaCO3 and Na2S, process time, and temperature were considered to evaluate their impact on the unhairing process and to obtain optimum condition. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was applied to model the unhairing efficiency in terms of four independent variables. A second-order polynomial equation was suggested to predict the response with high certainty. ANOVA revealed the validity and importance of that model by P-value of < 0.0001, large F-values, and, R2 of 98.8. The maximum unhairing efficiency of about 98.5 % was obtained under the optimum condition of 1.7 wt% Na2S, 5.8 wt% CaCO3, 114 min process time and 29.5 ºC.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Design of the competitiveness model in leather tanning industry
- Author
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Ina Primiana, Muhamad Dzikron, Dermawan Wibisono, and Umi Kaltum
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Index (economics) ,operational process ,05 social sciences ,manufacturing strategy ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Business ,Agricultural economics ,Leather tanning ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0502 economics and business ,competitiveness model ,the leather tanning industry ,Business ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,050203 business & management - Abstract
The Indonesian leather industry has low competitiveness among ASEAN Countries. The government, entrepreneurs, and researchers are trying to find solutions to improve competitiveness. However, there are differences in understanding the dimensions of competitiveness. This research aims to con¬struct and validate the competitiveness model in the manufacturing industry. In general, the concept of competitiveness is more oriented to the final result than to the process dimension. To improve competitiveness, this study using a manufacturing strategy approach based on process capability. The design of the competitiveness model contains the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables with formative patterns. Exogenous variables are dimensions that makeup competitiveness, consisting of resources, operational processes, and performance. The data were obtained from 42 leather tanning factories in Indonesia, which was analyzed using Partial Least Square. This study reveals that industrial competitiveness is influenced by the dimensions of resources, operational pro¬cesses, and performance, where the dimensions of operational processes have a greater influence. This research confirms that the government and entrepreneurs must prioritize process capabilities to improve their competitiveness.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Recycling of White Aluminium Dross: Production of Potash Alum
- Author
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Divyansh Gautam, Kamalesh K. Singh, and Arunabh Meshram
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Potassium hydroxide ,Materials science ,Alum ,Dross ,Potash ,Metallurgy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Leather tanning ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Aluminium ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Sewage treatment ,Filtration ,021102 mining & metallurgy - Abstract
Aluminium dross, an industrial by-product generated in large quantities, is fairly rich in aluminium content. Even though there are means of recycling (pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes), still a large amount of aluminium dross is landfilled. This research article emphasizes on recycling of aluminium dross by the production of potash alum. Powdered aluminium dross is allowed to react with potassium hydroxide, followed in sequence by filtration, slow addition of sulphuric acid coupled with constant stirring of the solution, heating the solution and cooling it in the cold water bath to produce potash alum. The crystals of potash alum are formed in the solution after a few hours. Analysis of the product potash alum, parent liquor and the residual liquor shows that nearly 89.2% of aluminium present in the parent liquor is successfully transferred into the product potash alum crystals. Potash alum finds its applications in wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical cosmetic industries and leather tanning units.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Diseño, evaluación y validación de un sistema de tratamiento de efluentes del proceso de curtido de pieles: caso Pieles del Sur E.I.R.L
- Author
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Víctor Muñoz Paz, Alejandra Carreño Arispe, Víctor Longa Cuayla, and José Aguilar Franco
- Subjects
Treatment system ,lcsh:T ,contaminación ,Environmental pollution ,Pulp and paper industry ,curtido de pieles ,lcsh:Technology ,Leather tanning ,Low volume ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Sewage sludge treatment ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Effluent ,tratamiento de efluentes - Abstract
En el presente proyecto se diseñó un sistema de tratamiento para los efluentes del proceso de curtido de pieles; este sistema se evaluó a partir de la realización de ensayos de laboratorio para asegurar su viabilidad, y se validó el tratamiento mediante el análisis de efluentes provenientes de la planta ya instalada. El sistema tiene tres unidades: la primera es un pretratamiento que permite la oxidación de sulfuros para los baños de pelambre y calado, así como la precipitación de cromo para los baños de piquelado y curtido; la segunda es un tratamiento físico-químico para los efluentes generales del proceso que permite obtener efluentes tratados y sólidos decantados; la tercera es un tratamiento de lodos que permite obtener lodos acondicionados y de bajo volumen a ser recolectados para su disposición final. El análisis de los efluentes tratados demostró una reducción considerable en la concentración de químicos contaminantes que permite reutilizar el agua y acerca a la empresa al cumplimiento de los niveles máximos permisibles.
- Published
- 2020
30. Trade, Environment and the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology
- Author
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Jha, Veena, Teixeira, Ana Paola, Jha, Veena, editor, Hewison, Grant, editor, and Underhill, Maree, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Phytoremediation: An alternative approach for removal of dyes
- Author
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Saksham Garg and Arpita Roy
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Pollutant ,Phytoremediation ,Plant roots ,Chemistry ,Rapid expansion ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Contamination ,Water pollution ,Pulp and paper industry ,Cosmetics ,media_common - Abstract
Dyes are colored compounds extensively used for coloring products in industries such as textiles, leather tanning, cosmetics, pigmentation, and others. Synthetic dyes have almost substituted natural dyes due to their higher resistance toward washing, heat, light, pH, exposure to biological agents, etc. Various dyes used in the industrial process include azo dyes, sulfur dyes, pigment dyes, etc. Synthetic dyes possess various advantages compared to natural dyes; however, they cause serious adverse effects to the environment. With the rapid expansion of industries, especially textiles, the demand for dyes has increased and this creates a major cause of water pollution. Several studies reported that dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic for humans. Due to their xenobiotic properties and chemical structures, they show resistance to degradation. Due to these problems, the removal of dyes using different methods is required. Biological method of using plant offers a low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient substitute for dye removal. Phytoremediation uses plant roots to protect the environment by the removal of pollutants in the form of inorganic and organic wastes. Phytoremediation is capable of treating pollutants of dye waste, which are derived from various sources. Adaptation in genetic levels is the basic attitude behind plants that are able to manage the contaminants from a polluted site. Therefore, in this chapter, various problems associated with dyes and potential removal strategies using phytoremediation have been discussed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Rancang bangun unit pengolahan air limbah industri Penyamakan kulit ikan pari di labuan maringgai, Lampung timur
- Author
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Ignatius Sunaryo and Sri Sutyasmi
- Subjects
stin rays ,leather tanning ,waste water ,plant design ,wwtp ,environment ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Polymers and polymer manufacture ,TP1080-1185 - Abstract
This waste water treatment plant (WWTP) was designed and built to treat the waste water coming from the sting rays leather tannery in Labuan Maringgai, Lampung Selatan. By treating this kind of waste water coming from the sting rays leather tannery, it will decrease the environmental pollution. The product capacity of this tannery was 400 pieces per month and the weight of it was 120 kg. Those skins were tanned into two steps, the number of skins in each process was 200 pieces or 60 kg during 2 weeks. The volume of waste water discharged varied from 1,5 to 5 m3 during 3 days in the beginning of beam house operation or 0.5 to 1 m3per day during the first step of process. The pollution content of such waste water was as follows: COD: 1205,66 - 1400 mg/l; BOD 550 – 950 mg/l; S : 28,9 – 213 mg/l, TSS: 55,16 – 775 mg/l; N-NH3 : 30,18 – 129,6 mg/l; fat/oil : 21 – 292. mg/l; total Cr: 0,47 – 0,76 mg/l; and pH: 9 – 12 respectively. The work hours in operating the WWTP was 5 hours per day, and the debit of it ranged from 0.5 to 1 m3 per hour. The WWTP was designed for the max COD of 1.500 mg/l and BOD 750 mg/l. The system of WWTP was pre treatment, homogenization, flocculation and coagulation, 1st anaerobic facultative and 2nd anaerobic facultative, sludge drying bed and final control tank. The efficiency of this WWTP ranged from 22,53 to 97%.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Penggunaan zeolit alam untuk mengurangi kandungan krom dan nh4+ dalam air limbah penyamakan kulit
- Author
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Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih, Agustin Suraswati, and Muhammad Sholeh
- Subjects
natural zeolite ,chromium ,NH4+ ,leather tanning ,waste water ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Polymers and polymer manufacture ,TP1080-1185 - Abstract
Leather tanning waste water contains chemical compounds, such as chromium and NH4+ in high concentration, so if they are thrown away without treatment they will make some problems. The aims of this research is to adsorb the cations in leather tanning waste water i.e chromium and NH4+ used natural zeolite as an adsorbent. Research was done by comparing amount of chromium and NH4+ in effluent waste water treatment unit with amount of chromium and NH4+ after being adsorbed by zeolite in a batch system. The result of this research showed that efficiency difference between using zeolite and waste water treatment unit was significant. The optimal condition to reduce chromium and NH4+ was by using 300 grams per liter waste, zeolite particle size was 50-60 mesh, contact time was 24 hours and pH 8±0,1. In this condition, zeolites could reduce chromium from 3728,56mg/l to 365,39 mg/l or 90,20%, and NH4+ from 3040,02 mg/l menjadi 209,76 mg/l or 93,10%. Waste water treatment unit could reduce chromium 63,55% and NH4+ 56,75%.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The use of Tannin from Chestnut (Castanea Vesca)
- Author
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Krisper, P., Tišler, V., Skubic, V., Rupnik, I., Kobal, S., Chu, Ernest H. Y., editor, Hemingway, Richard W., editor, and Laks, Peter E., editor
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Modelo de medición de la gestión del conocimiento en cadenas productivas.
- Author
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Medina García, Víctor Hugo and Rocha Gonzalez, Jair Eduardo
- Abstract
Copyright of CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems & Technologies / Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação) Proceedings is the property of Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas Tecnologia de Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
36. Leather & Fur
- Author
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Karsa, David R., Goode, J. Michael, Donnelly, Peter J., Karsa, David R., editor, Goode, J. Michael, editor, and Donnelly, Peter J., editor
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Role of Anionic Chromium Species in Leather Tanning
- Author
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Jaya Prakash Alla, Abhinandan Kumar, J Ashok Raj, N K Chandrababu, and Deepika Arathanaikotti
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Chromium ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pickling ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Shrinkage - Abstract
Chrome tanned leathers are definitely unique in comparison with leather made from any other known tanning agents, especially in terms of thermal stability, cost and its reactive mechanism with collagen fibers. In our current studies, self basifying chrome tanning materials masked with different percentages of organic acid were prepared and applied after the de-liming stage of leather processing. This eliminated the need for pickling and basification steps. Tanned leathers resisted shrinkage up to 103 and 105±2°C while conventional chrome tanned leathers resisted up to 108±2°C. Also, interaction of anionic chrome species in tanning was studied. It was observed that the percentage of anionic species in the experimental chrome tanning material was higher than conventional chrome tanning material and the shrinkage temperature achieved by application of experimental tanning material proves that anionic species do involve in tanning. Tanned leathers were crusted and analysed for strength and organoleptic properties.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil
- Author
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Jaya Prakash Alla, Bindia Sahu, and Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar
- Subjects
Degree of unsaturation ,food.ingredient ,Accelerant ,Absorption of water ,integumentary system ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Chemistry ,Benzoyl peroxide ,Special class ,Leather tanning ,food ,Unsaturated bonds ,Linseed oil ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,human activities ,medicine.drug ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Leather tanning is a stabilisation process of skin fibers. This is achieved by the interaction of collagen amino acids with tanning agents to stabilise skin from putrefaction. Tanning of collagen with oil is a special class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically, the oil tanning involves oxidation of unsaturation present in the oil, which is generally achieved by exposing oil treated skins to air. In this study, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as an accelerating agent for oxidation of unsaturated bonds present in the linseed oil for oil tanning process. Results shows remarkable reduction in tanning duration from fifteen days to two days. The chamois leathers prepared using oxidation accelerant (Benzoyl peroxide) have been evaluated for physical properties such as water absorption (611%), tensile strength (18 N/mm2) and percentage of elongation (66 %) which are found to be better than control leathers.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Rancang bangun industri penyamakan kulit ikan pari
- Author
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Sri Untari, Muchtar Lutfie, and Kasmin Naenggolan
- Subjects
plant design ,leather tanning ,stingrayfish ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Polymers and polymer manufacture ,TP1080-1185 - Abstract
Stingray fish potential in Indonesia is big enough but has not yet been exploited maximally, only some area like Lampung which is already exploiting the stingray leather tanning them and sell to Java. From the result of the research, stringray leather could pieces the big enough advantage that was at the price of selling Rp. 68.000,- per pieces pay back periode in average, would obtain the advange before the tax Rp. 285.649.697,- peryear and the advantage after the tax Rp. 228.519.757,- per year, pay back periode before the tax was in 1 year and 10 months and back periode after the tax was in 2 years and 2 month. As for break event point 35.04% with the value Rp. 978.385.533,- with break event value point capacitie production 14.388 pieces per year. Based on the result of the calculation of investments criteria was NPV (net present value) = Rp. 162.570.834,- (greater tan zero) while IRR = 30,54% greater than SOCC (DF = 18%) from the pay back periode = 2 year 1 month. Therefore from the market analysis and the production aspect, the effect of leather industry of stingray fish is so feasible that is competent to be developed in some areas having big potential stingray fish in Indonesia, so that it can improve the working opportunity and the effort for all of fishermen and their family.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Pengukuran Kinerja Green Supply Chain Management Pada Industri Penyamakan Kulit Yogyakarta
- Author
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Alex Kisanjani, Hari Purnomo, Wahyu Ismail Kurnia, and Sigit Suwarto
- Subjects
leather tanning industry ,green scor ,Data collection ,Supply chain management ,lcsh:T55.4-60.8 ,ahp ,Analytic hierarchy process ,Supply-chain operations reference ,Environmental economics ,Manufacturing systems ,Profit (economics) ,Leather tanning ,lcsh:Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,Business ,Performance indicator ,gscm - Abstract
The application of GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management) practice in the leather tanning industry in Yogyakarta is still relatively difficult because the industry prefers manufacturing systems that can accelerate profit uplift without considering environmental quality. Therefore, this research attempts to measure GSCM performance applied in the leather tanning industry, particularly at PT. Asa Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is Green SCOR (Green Supply Chain Operations Reference) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Data collection in this research was by identifying the company's GSCM activities, then compiling performance indicators that refer to the green SCOR method. Weighting performance indicators are conducted to determine the importance of each performance indicator by using the AHP method. The results of this research indicate that the application of GSCM is quite good with the average value of the total GSCM performance >90, despite several improvements that are necessary to enhance the performance.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cleaner leather tanning process using gambir: the influence of rebating on the properties of leather
- Author
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Gresy Griyanitasari, Yuny Erwanto, Dona Rahmawati, and Sugihartono Sugihartono
- Subjects
Leather tanning ,Leather industry ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Alkaline protease for an efficacious rehydration of skin matrix by a novel Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in sustainable leather production: a green approach
- Author
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Ranjithkumar Ammasi, Muralidharan Chellappa, Rose Chellan, and John Sundar Victor
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Bacillus ,Bioengineering ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Chloride ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hydrolysis ,Bacterial Proteins ,010608 biotechnology ,Endopeptidases ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,Skin ,Moisture ,biology ,Chemistry ,Goats ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Proteolytic enzymes ,Alkaline protease ,Green Chemistry Technology ,Tanning ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Leather tanning ,030104 developmental biology ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Fluid Therapy ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The utilization of biotechnology in leather sector has more extensive in modern years; more particular to proteolytic enzymes and employed in several steps of the leather making such as soaking, dehairing, bating, solid waste management etc. The current study evaluates the performance of alkaline protease from Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in single soaking of goat skins matrix by comparing with the conventional multiple soaking processes. According to the obtained results, the optimum concentration for maximum rehydration of goat skins was accomplished at 1.0% (v/w) of alkaline protease at duration of 3 h over traditional rehydration method (4–6 h). The moisture level, total protein, chloride content and total organic carbon of enzymatic rehydration was superior to that of conventional rehydration and it was also used to measure the effectiveness of rehydration process. Scanning electron microscopic images of enzymatically processed leather exhibits enhanced opening of fiber bundles and smooth grain surface than conventional method. Furthermore, the alkaline protease treated leather exhibited improved moisture uptake, removal of chlorides and suppleness because of hydrolysis of non-collagenous proteins as indicated by well opened up fiber bundles in histological analysis. The application of alkaline protease in rehydration operation of leather production confirmed scope for diminishing water quantity around 66.6%, soaking duration at 50%, minimizing use of harmful dehairing chemicals at 50–60%, thereby, eliminating the bating operation during pre-tanning. These outcomes suggest that alkaline protease have potential application in rehydration of skins for immense environmental concerns of leather tanning sectors.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Quantification of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Plants Near a Leather Tanning Industrial Area Using Libs and TXRF
- Author
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A. Devanathan, A. K. Rai, Rohit Kumar, and N. L. Mishra
- Subjects
Metal contamination ,Industrial area ,010401 analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Soil contamination ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mustard Plant ,Leather tanning ,Chromium ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
The present work reports the quantitative analysis of chromium along with other constituents in the soil of the Jajmau industrial area, Kanpur, India using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). High concentrations of chromium have also been demonstrated in wheat and mustard plants in this study.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recent use of selected phytochemistry to mitigate environmental challenges facing leather tanning industry: a review
- Author
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Zephania Birech, Kallen Mulilo Nalyanya, Arthur Onyuka, and Ronald K. Rop
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Pollution ,Phytochemistry ,Waste management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant composition ,Environmental pollution ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Tannery effluents ,0104 chemical sciences ,Leather tanning ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Environmental science ,Inorganic materials ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Abstract
Leather tanning technology impacts negatively on the environment as a result of chemicals in the tannery effluents that increases the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and formation of Cr(VI) among others in the environment. This has led to the profiling of the industry by legislative bodies as a major source of pollution and hence urgent cleaner and eco-friendly innovative technologies are required that will mitigate the environmental pollution. Many studies have recommended green chemistry tanning protocols and systems involving plants since are non-carcinogenic, non-toxic, biodegradable, agro-renewable, sustainable and economical. Numerous studies have evaluated the potential of phytochemistry in leather tanning processes. However, these studies only focused on individual processes or individual plant phytochemicals. Hence this review compiles the selected plants, their phytochemical screening results, their applications in tanning process and their potential for leather tanning. The review has shown enormous capacity of plants and their phytochemicals that can replace synthetic inorganic materials in leather processing and guarantee quality. Plants have a greater applicability in this industry since they have multiple beneficial actions during processing and the final processed leather. Some plants can be used at all tanning processes due to wide variety of important phytochemicals and the final leather is more superior quality to the conventionally processed leather. Other studies have alluded to the possibility of some plant products that have the potential in the industry but yet to be utilized. Further studies have been recommended.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Effect of Leather Tanning Wastewater on Paddy Fields, a case study in Garut District, West Java
- Author
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Isma Fadilla, Asih Suryati, Taufik Taufikurahman, Lida Amalia, Trimurti Hesti Wardini, R.R. Deby A. Rizkiyani, and Andira Rahmawati
- Subjects
Toxicology ,Pollution ,Contaminated water ,Leather tanning ,Wastewater ,Industrial area ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental science ,West java ,River water ,Descriptive quantitative ,media_common - Abstract
Leather tanning wastewater which contains chromium (Cr) pollutes river located close to the industrial area. In Garut district, leather tanning industry wastewater is dumped into Cigulampeng river which water is used to irrigate nearby paddy fields. The paddy fields affected by leather tanning wastewater are reaching an area of 37.1 ha in Kota Wetan village and 76 ha in Sukamantri village. This research is aimed to determine the effect of tanning wastewater on paddy fields in Sukamantri village, Garut district. A descriptive quantitative method using questionnaires and interviews to local farmers in polluted and unpolluted paddy fields was employed. In addition, an observation on environmental factors including chemical and physical conditions of river water and paddy fields soil was also conducted. Polluted water is characterized by its frequently color-changing, unpleasant odor, and toxic substances which mainly is chromium. Paddy cultivars planted in the polluted area are Rojolele (65.71%), Sarinah (42.8%), Widas (37.715%), Ciherang (20%), and Mega (11.43%). These paddy cultivars are chosen by farmers mostly based on their ability to withstand pollution and pest (mainly rats). Leather tanning wastewater decrease paddy production with percentage of reduction can be categorized into low (25.71%), medium (34.28%), high (34.28%), and very high (45.71%). According to farmers, the contaminated water also causes itching and burning sensation to their skin, dizziness, and nausea.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. DERİ TABAKLAMA ALANINDA ÇALIŞANLARIN SAĞLIK VE GÜVENLİK BİLİNCİ: UŞAK BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
- Author
-
Hülya Elmali Gülbaş and Tolga Karakuzu
- Subjects
Leather tanning - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Vegetable tannin composition and its association with the leather tanning effect
- Author
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Mariliz Gutterres, Franciela Spier, and Priscila Auad
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Renewable materials ,Leather industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Leather tanning ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Tannin ,Composition (visual arts) ,0204 chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The increasing environmentally friendly approach of using renewable materials has led to vegetable tannins having an important role as tanning agents in the leather industry. Tannins are complex ph...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Remoção de sulfeto empregando ozônio como agente oxidante em águas residuais de curtumes
- Author
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María Fernanda Umbarila-Ortega, Rafael Nikolay Agudelo-Valencia, and Juan Sebastián Prado-Rodríguez
- Subjects
tanning ,Ozone ,remoción ,curtume ,curtiembre ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,remoção ,Decrease ph ,Pseudo first order ,Oxidizing agent ,advanced oxidation ,sulfeto ,pelambre ,removal ,sulfuro ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,oxidação avançada ,Leather tanning ,ozone ,clearing ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,sulfur ,oxidación avanzada ,Kinetic coefficient ,pelagem ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,ozônio ,ozono - Abstract
Resumen En este estudio se evaluó la remoción de sulfuros en aguas residuales del proceso de pelambre o depilado de pieles, utilizando ozono como agente oxidante. Se determinó el efecto del pH inicial sobre el proceso de remoción, para este fin se usó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, en el cual el pH del agua se varió entre 10, 11, 12 y 13, el ozono fue dosificado a una tasa de 0,5 g h-1 por un periodo de 3 horas tomando muestras cada 30 minutos. Los ensayos fueron realizados para el agua residual real, suministrada por una curtiembre y agua residual sintética, a fin de comparar la remoción alcanzada en cada caso. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos permitió señalar que la mayor remoción se logró a pH 11 en el agua residual real, alcanzando un valor de 77,78%, aproximadamente 39% superior al alcanzado al mismo pH para el agua residual sintética. También se evaluó la cinética del proceso, obteniendo que los resultados se ajustan a una cinética de pseudo primer orden para la cual el coeficiente cinético fue de -0,0001 s-1, por último, se observó que después de cada ensayo se presentó disminución pH, lo cual confirma lo que químicamente debería suceder, formación de H2SO4 por la oxidación de sulfuros a sulfatos. Finalmente, se concluye que la remoción de sulfuros empleando ozono es una técnica aplicable para pH alcalino, permitiendo reducir tiempos de oxidación y convirtiéndose en una alternativa viable para aplicar en la industria del curtido de pieles. Abstract In this study, the removal of sulfides in wastewater from the process of peeling or depilating skins was evaluated, using ozone as an oxidizing agent. The effect of the initial pH on the removal process was determined, for this purpose a completely randomized experimental design was used, in which the pH of the water was varied between 10, 11, 12 and 13, the ozone was dosed at a rate 0.5 g h-1 for a period of 3 hours taking samples every 30 minutes. The tests were performed for the real wastewater, supplied by a tannery and synthetic wastewater, in order to compare the removal achieved in each case. The analysis of the results obtained showed that the highest removal was achieved at pH 11 in the actual wastewater, reaching a value of 77.78%, approximately 39% higher than that reached at the same pH for the synthetic wastewater. The kinetics of the process were also evaluated, obtaining that the results are adjusted to a kinetic of pseudo first order for which the kinetic coefficient was -0,0001 s-1, finally, it was observed that after each test there was a decrease pH, which confirms what chemically should happen, formation of H2SO4 by the oxidation of sulphides to sulfates. Finally, it is concluded that the removal of sulfides using ozone is a technique applicable for alkaline pH, allowing to reduce oxidation times and becoming a viable alternative to apply in the leather tanning industry. Resumo Neste estudo avaliou-se a remoção de sulfetos em águas residuais do processo de pelagem ou depilado de peles, utilizando ozônio como agente oxidante. Determinou-se o efeito do pH inicial sobre o processo de remoção, para este fim usou-se um desenho experimental completamente ao azar, no qual o pH da água variou-se entre 10, 11, 12 e 13, o ozônio foi dosificado a uma taxa de 0,5 g h-1 por um período de 3 horas tomando amostras a cada 30 minutos. Os ensaios foram realizados para a água residual real, subministrada por um curtume e água residual sintética, a fim de comparar a remoção alcançada em cada caso. A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu assinalar que a maior remoção se logrou a pH 11 na água residual real, alcançando um valor de 77,78%, aproximadamente 39% superior ao alcançado ao mesmo pH para a água residual sintética. Também avaliou-se a cinética do processo, obtendo com que os resultados se ajustem a uma cinética de pseudo primeira ordem para a qual o coeficiente cinético foi de -0,0001 s-1, por último, observou-se que depois de cada ensaio apresentou-se diminuição do pH, o qual confirma o que quimicamente deveria suceder, formação de H2SO4 pela oxidação de sulfetos a sulfatos. Finalmente, conclui-se que a remoção de sulfetos empregando ozônio é uma técnica aplicável para o pH alcalino, permitindo reduzir tempos de oxidação e convertendo-se em uma alternativa viável para aplicar-se na indústria do curtimento de peles.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Green and sustainable ‘Al-Zr-oligosaccharides’ tanning agents from the simultaneous depolymerization and oxidation of waste paper
- Author
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Mi Gao, Javier Remón, Wei Ding, Zhicheng Jiang, Bi Shi, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Remón, Javier, Ding, Wei, Jiang, Zhicheng, Shi, Bi, Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Ding, Wei [0000-0002-6818-7524], Jiang, Zhicheng [0000-0002-8096-4971], and Shi, Bi [0000-0003-0870-6043]
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Leather tanning ,Environmental Engineering ,Industrial Waste ,Oligosaccharides ,Tanning ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Waste paper ,Pollution ,Degradation ,Oxidation ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
7 figures, 4 tables.-- Supplementary information available.-- © 2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Developing chrome-free and sustainable tanning agents is extremely important to the sustainability of the leather industry. Herein, we have synthesized an Al-Zr-oligosaccharides tanning agent via a simultaneous degradation and oxidation of cellulose in waste paper. The influence of the temperature and the concentrations of AlCl3 and H2O2 during the synthesis were thoroughly investigated on the properties of the tanning agent and the leather produced. The synthesis temperature and the concentration of AlCl3 were the factors primarily affecting the effective depolymerization of cellulose. They controlled the conversion of waste paper into oligosaccharides with an appropriate molecular weight to efficiently penetrate the leather matrix. In parallel, the H2O2 concentration substantially influenced the tanning performance of the Al-Zr-oligosaccharides, diminishing the chromaticity of the tanning liquid via oxidation and promoting the conversion of C2/C3/C6-OH moieties into -CHO/-COOH. These functional groups increased the surface charge of the oligosaccharides allowing more effective coordination with Al/Zr, which facilitated the penetration of Al/Zr species into the leather matrix. Once inside the leather matrix, Al and Zr were released and reacted with the collagen fibers in leather, which resulted in effective leather tanning. The process optimization revealed that up to 57% of waste paper could be converted into a low-chromaticity (4350 AU) liquid hydrolysate with the synthesis conducted at 177 °C in a system comprising 47 mM AlCl3 and 5 vol% H2O2. The application of this liquid for tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature (86.5 °C) sufficiently high for commercial applications. These excellent results, combined with the intrinsic green nature of our approach, exemplify a step forward to simultaneously reduce pollution and hazards in leather industries giving a second life to waste paper., This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078211). Javier Remón acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the Juan de la Cierva (JdC) fellowship (Grant Number: IJC2018-037110-I) awarded.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
50. Characterization of Wet Olive Pomace Waste as Bio Based Resource for Leather Tanning
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Mireia Conde, Laia Pons, Anna Bacardit, M. Mercè Solé, and Carmen Gaidau
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Pollution ,Technology ,Resource (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Tanning agent ,Bio based ,Article ,wet olive pomace ,General Materials Science ,leather ,polyphenols ,media_common ,Microscopy ,QC120-168.85 ,Extraction (chemistry) ,QH201-278.5 ,Pomace ,Leather technology ,vegetable tanning ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Soil contamination ,TK1-9971 ,Wet olive pomace ,Leather tanning ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,Polyphenol ,Environmental science ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Olive mill wastes represent an important environmental problem. Their high phenol, lipid, and organic acid concentrations turn them into phytotoxic materials. Specifically, wet olive pomace (WOP) is the waste generated in the two-phase continuous extraction process. WOP is a paste with around 60% water. The total volume of WOP generated is around 0.25 L/kg of olives processed. Its current waste management practices result in environmental problems as soil contamination, underground seepage, water-bodies pollution, and foul odor emissions. Some valorization alternatives include composting, biological treatments, direct combustion for energy production, or direct land application. The leather industry is making great efforts to apply cleaner processes while substituting chemical products for natural products. In this way, different alternatives are being studied, such as the use of zeolites, triazine derivatives, grape seed extract, olive leaf extract, etc. In this work, the use of wet olive pomace is presented as a possible alternative to conventional vegetable tannins (mimosa, quebracho, chestnut, etc.). Although different projects and studies have been developed for the valorization of olive mill wastes, there is completely a new approach to the WOP application for tanning purposes. This study shows that WOP has a significant number of polyphenolic substances, so it has a great potential to be used as a tanning agent. Specifically, this study has been able to determine that, of the polyphenols present in WOP, 39.6% correspond to tannins that are capable of tanning the skin. Additionally, it contains 14.3% non-tannins, that is, molecules that by themselves do not have the capacity to tan the leather but promote the tanning mechanism and improve the properties of the tanned leather. The financial support provided by ACCIÓ within the frame of the project “New recycling strategies for olive oil extraction process waste (wet olive pomace) to be applied in the leather industry” (OLIPO) MNET19/ENER-3655. MANUNET-Transnational Call 2019 is appreciated. The study was supported also by a grant of the CCCDI-UEFISCDI, projects numbers 144 and 145 /2020, ERANET-MANUNET-OLIPO-1 and 2, within PNCDI III.
- Published
- 2021
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