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Dongmei Lu,1 Maidina Abudouaini,1,2 Munire Kerimu,2 Qiuping Leng,1 Hongtao Wu,1 Amar Aynazar,1,2 Zhiwei Zhong1,2 1Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Dongmei Lu, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China, Tel +18997982968, Email dongmeilu2009@sina.comPurpose: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is the leading cause of death among patients with infectious diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) through detecting pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and identifying risk factors for recovery in SCAP patients.Patients and Methods: This prospective study recruited 158 SCAP patients admitted to respiratory intensive care unit that were randomly divided into control and study groups, with receiving conventional tests and the same conventional tests plus mNGS, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of mNGS was evaluated by comparing with conventional tests. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for recovery in SCAP patients, and a nomogram prediction model was established based on these factors.Results: Within the study group, the pathogen detection rate was significantly higher with mNGS than that with conventional tests (84.81% vs 45.57%, P < 0.001), with a positive coincidence rate of 94.44%. Acinetobacter baumannii (21.52%, 17/79), Candida albicans (17.72%, 14/79), and Klebsiella pneumonia (15.19%, 12/79) were the top three common pathogens detected by mNGS. Of note, the improvement rate of patients in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The further analysis revealed that the increased levels of interleukin-6, blood urea nitrogen, procalcitonin, the longer length of hospital stay, and bacterial infection were independent risk factors for recovery of SCAP patients, while mNGS detection status was a protective factor. The predictive model showed a good performance for the modeling and validation sets.Conclusion: Early mNGS exhibited a superior diagnostic efficiency to conventional tests in SCAP patients, which can reduce the risk of death in SCAP patients. Moreover, the clinical factors could also be used for the management and prognosis prediction of SCAP patients.Keywords: severe community-acquired pneumonia, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, pathogen, risk factor

The use of ion beam deposition (IBD) techniques to prepare Cr/CoCrPt bilayers for hard bias applications in giant/anisotropic magnetoresistive (GMR/AMR) recording heads is discussed. Results show that IBD provides good control of read track width and sensor layer stabilization for high density GMR/AMR recording heads. Tuning the ion beam deposition angle can also be used to manipulate the structural and magnetic properties of Cr/CoCrPt films.

The magnetic properties and microstructure of NiFe films deposited via ion beam deposition (IBD), pulsed, and static magnetron sputtering techniques are studied. Results show that grain size is the same among NiFe films with the same thickness regardless of the deposition technique. However, IBD films have superior (111) texture and crystallinity. It is shown that the superior magnetic properties of IBD Ta/NiFe films are due to their high crystallographic quality.

Several experimental measurements are conducted to explain the antiferromagnet activity taking place in the different exchange bias systems. The correlation existing between the exchange field and the distribution of grain volumes of the system is also analyzed.

Background The magnitude of the thermal stress in the first wall system is one of the key factors affecting the safe operation of the fusion reactor. Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of a rough substrate on the thermal stress in the W/316L stainless steel first wall system. Method The finite-element analysis software Ansys Workbench was employ to analyze the distribution of thermal stree in a W/316L stainless steel first wall system with a rough substrate. Depth analysis was conducted on factors such as the temperature, coating thickness, and substrate thickness that affect the magnitude of thermal stress. Meanwhile, starting from the interface shear stress in the system, the influence of rough substrate on the bonding strength of coatings was simultaneously investigated. Results The simulation results indicate that the thermal stress in the rough substrate system increases with the the increase of temperature and substrate thickness, but decreases with the increase of coating thickness. The maximum thermal stress and the adhesive strength between the coating and the substrate are raised by the introduction of the rough substrate. Conclusions Results of this study can provide reference for the development of high-adhesive strength first wall coating systems.

We have designed and fabricated dual spin valve heads with synthetically pinned layers. They have excellent sensitivity. The read-back waveform has a small asymmetry and that is also insensitive to the bias current. The read gap length is of 0.14 [micro] m and the write gap length is of 0.2 [micro] m. The read heads have a nominal magnetic trackwidth of 0.5 [micro] m and a nominal write magnetic trackwidth of 0.8 [micro] m. The write heads were conventional inductive heads with their pole geometry defined by focused ion beam (FIB) technology. The dual spin valve heads have achieved an areal read/write density as high as 14.5 Gb/[in.sub.2] at a data transfer rate of 23~24 MB/sec. The sensitivity of the readers is as high as 3.6 mVp-p/[micro] m. The bit aspect ratio is as high as 14. Index Terms--Dual spin valve head, GMR reader design concept, GMR head thermal stability, synthetic antiferromagnetic-pinned layers.

We have observed a 30% of enhancement in coercivity, [H.sub.c], or a 40% increase in remnant magnetization in ion beam deposited (IBD) Cr/CoPt films as compared to IBD Cr/CoCrPt films. In addition, the magnetic properties of these hard bias films exhibit a strong dependence of on substrate and underlayer. Higher coercivity values associated with enhanced hcp Co (10??0) crystallographic orientation were measured in films grown on substrates in the preference order of glass, Si/[Al.sub.2][O.sub.3] and Si. CoPt films grown on CrV underlayer show lower [H.sub.2] values than films deposited on Cr underlayer. [H.sub.c] exhibits a maximum with increasing Cr underlayer thickness for both Cr/CoPt and Cr/CoCrPt films. This Cr thickness dependence of [H.sub.2] is correlated well with that of Co (10??0)/(0002) x-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio, indicating the role of crystallographic texture in control of coercivity of IBD hard bias films. Index Terms--IBD, Hard bias film, Microstructure, MR recording head.

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess large second-order nonlinear responses due to the broken inversion symmetry, which can extend their intriguing applications in nonlinear nanophotonics and optoelectronics. However, the atomic thickness of monolayer TMDs severely decreases the interaction length with free light with respect to bulk materials, leading to rather low second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid structure consisting of a monolayer MoS2 on a suspended perforated silver film, on which the SHG signal emitted from the monolayer MoS2 is enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude at room temperature. The pronounced SHG enhancement is attributed to the distinct electric field amplification nearby the nanoholes, which is induced by the symmetric surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) existing in the ultrathin suspended silver grating. Our results reported here may establish the substrate-free engineering of nonlinear optical effects via plasmonic nanostructures on demand.

Plasmonic nanostructures have garnered tremendous interest in enhanced light–matter interaction because of their unique capability of extreme field confinement in nanoscale, especially beneficial for boosting the photoluminescence (PL) signals of weak light–matter interaction materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides atomic crystals. Here we report the surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-assisted PL enhancement of MoS2 monolayer via a suspended periodic metallic (SPM) structure. Without involving metallic nanoparticle–based plasmonic geometries, the SPM structure can enable more than two orders of magnitude PL enhancement. Systematic analysis unravels the underlying physics of the pronounced enhancement to two primary plasmonic effects: concentrated local field of SPP enabled excitation rate increment (45.2) as well as the quantum yield amplification (5.4 times) by the SPM nanostructure, overwhelming most of the nanoparticle-based geometries reported thus far. Our results provide a powerful way to boost two-dimensional exciton emission by plasmonic effects which may shed light on the on-chip photonic integration of 2D materials.

How to implement defense decision based on network external threat is the core problem of building network information defense system. Especially for the dynamic threat brought by real-time attack, scientific and effective defense decision is the key to construct network dynamic emergency defense system. Aiming at the problem of dynamic defense decision-making, firstly a network survivability game model based on attribute attack graph theory is designed. The attack and defense matrix is used to represent the attack and defense strategy and path, and the attack and defense strength and network survivability quantification method are given. Secondly, the single step and the multi-step attack and defense strategy payoff calculation method is proposed, and the defense decision is based on the attack and defensive strategy payoff. Finally, the effectiveness of the defense decision technology is verified through experiments.