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Simple Summary: Broiler chickens are often exposed to various nutritional and environmental stressors that negatively impact their productivity and overall health. These stressors, such as oxidized diets and high ambient temperatures, increase the risk of oxidative stress, which can affect meat quality and increase production costs. While the harmful effects of high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and heat stress on broiler meat quality parameters have been documented, less is known about the combined effects of both these stressors. Antioxidant supplementation could play a key role in improving antioxidant defense and preventing oxidative damage to meat. Our study confirmed that dietary enrichment with 5% linseed oil and cyclic heat stress negatively affected the quality and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat, although no interactions between the stressors were found. In addition, high levels of antioxidants were found to improve meat quality and prevent oxidative damage to broiler meat. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of a high dietary n-3 PUFA intake and cyclic heat stress (HS) on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat and the potential of antioxidant supplementation (vitamins E, C, and selenium) to mitigate these effects. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 24 pens within two controlled environment chambers and fed with the following diets: a basal diet low in antioxidants according to NRC recommendations (NRC group), a basal diet according to Aviagen recommendations additionally supplemented with 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, and 0.15 mg/kg selenium (HAOX group), and these two diets further supplemented with 5% linseed oil (NRC N-3 and HAOX N-3 groups). On day 22, the broilers were exposed to the following two environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN, 21 °C) or cyclic HS (HS, 34 ± 1 °C, 7 h/d) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A high intake of n-3 PUFAs significantly decreased growth performance, dressing percentage, and breast yield, while the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat characteristics and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased. Cyclic HS reduced body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but had limited effects on meat quality. No interactions between n-3 PUFAs and HS were observed for any measurements. High antioxidant supplementation increased breast yield, improved meat quality, and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by an enhanced antioxidant activity and lower MDA levels. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs had a negative effect on both the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers, while HS primarily affected only carcass characteristics, with neither stressor having severe adverse effects. High levels of antioxidants could mitigate the negative effects of dietary- and heat-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the oxidative stability of broiler meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative changes in fish feed during storage are a major problem in aquaculture nutrition. The current study aims to present fast and simple spectrometric method to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the commercial rainbow trout feeds without hydrolysis step, as a method for determination of lipid peroxidation. The proposed test was validated and relevant method characteristics which were evaluated within the validation protocol were: linearity (range), limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision (repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility), accuracy and method performance (Xand R-control charts). The obtained results indicated that presented TBARS test was linear in the range of 1.11-13.33 nmol/mL and precise under both repeatability and reproducibility test conditions. The method was characterized by acceptable accuracy considering low analyte concentration in the samples. The method also showed to be stable in terms of changes in the average level and variability. The results in the present work indicated that the proposed test could be successfully applied for TBARS quantification in rainbow trout feed for routine quality control in aquaculture sector, especially in case when need to analyse a great number of samples in a short time.

The gastrointestinal tract of broilers is susceptible to oxidative stress induced by heat stress (HS) and diet, which can be mitigated by the supply of exogenous vitamins and antioxidants. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of the effects of cyclic HS, and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (HP) on gut health. It also aimed to investigate whether additional supplementation with vitamins E, C and selenium (HA) is required to support gut health under these conditions. In the present study, 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into eight experimental groups. Exposure to HS and HP significantly (p < 0.001) decreased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the duodenum, while no differences were observed in the jejunum and ileum. In addition, oxidative stress in the liver, indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, was increased in the HP groups (p < 0.0001), while the HA groups had a positive effect on lowering MDA levels. The results confirm that cyclic HS and HP induce oxidative stress that damages the structure of intestinal morphology and that supplementation with HA could be a potential approach to mitigate the negative effects of these stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the biochemical composition of wild and farm origin grayling eggs was compared, first, to evaluate the composition of fatty acids and protein content in grayling eggs for the first time, and second, to discover differences in biochemical composition between wild and farm origin eggs which is affected by broodstock feed. Farm origin grayling females were fed commercial trout starter feed, while wild origin females were feeding on food present in their natural environment. Fatty acid composition, protein content and colour were determined. Based on a principle component analysis (PCA) of the biochemical profile, farm and wild origin grayling eggs were clearly separated. Wild origin grayling eggs contained higher amount of SFA, but lower MUFA and PUFA than farm origin eggs. A considerable difference between wild and farm origin grayling eggs was observed also in essential fatty acids: C22:6 n-3 (DHA), C20:5 n-3 (EPA) and C20:4 n-6 (ARA), resulting in higher EPA/ARA and DHA/EPA ratio in farm origin eggs compared to wild origin eggs. Wild origin grayling eggs were characterised by higher protein content and were more intensely red-coloured than farm origin eggs, which were almost colourless. It could be concluded that the biochemical composition of farm origin eggs significantly differs from wild origin grayling eggs, which might have an influence on the embryonic development and hatching success of farm origin grayling. Therefore, the diet that has the greatest effect on egg composition needs to be optimised to meet the needs of the grayling broodstock and to improve the breeding efficiency of farm raised graylings. Biochemical composition of grayling eggs differs significantly between the two lifestyles (wild and farm origin). Differences in the proportion of essential fatty acids: DHA, EPA and ARA. Suboptimal EPA/ARA and DHA/EPA ratios in farm origin eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature data about nutritional characteristics of linseed cultivars from some specific geographical area or country is scarce. For that very reason, following paper is presenting fatty acid (FA) compositions and antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble (ACL) components of ten native linseed cultivars from Serbia. These characteristics can be interesting, especially due to the increasing trend of linseed usage in human diet. Presented results show that there were statistically significant (p

Hemp cultivation in Slovenia currently takes place on just over a hundred hectares. The predominant varieties are those used for seed and seed-flower production (Futura 75 and Fedora 17), while smaller areas are dedicated to flower varieties. As hemp is promoted as a suitable crop for sustainable agriculture, we aimed to investigate whether we could influence the yield by using a microbiological preparation that is expected to enhance the utilization of nutrients from the soil, thereby reducing the need for conventional fertilization. During the 2022 growing season, we applied a commercial microbiological product containing a consortium of microbial species with the prevalence of the Pseudomonas putida strain to half of the test plots in the field trial. Compared to the control group, the group treated with microbiological product exhibited increased height, with indications of differences in root characteristics (larger main root mass, shallower roots with a larger main root diameter, and greater root ramification). However, there were no differences in flower, seed, and stem yields between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no variations in the analysis of basic seed nutrients, fatty acid composition, or CBD and THC content in the dried inflorescence. Given the prevailing drought conditions in 2022, it is essential to conduct additional research on tested microbiological preparation in order to draw credible conclusions and make recommendations for its further use in hemp production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated nutritional value, oxidative status and sensory properties of 14 unconventional oils and fats, from flaxseed, sacha inchi, hemp seed, rapeseed, mustard seed, walnut, argan, grape seed, black cumin, camelina, peanut, poppy seed, coconut and ghee butter. Their fatty acid composition and peroxide values were determined, and their sensory profiles were evaluated by an expert panel. Data demonstrated unfavourable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios for grape seed, black cumin, peanut and poppy seed oils, which were otherwise rich in linoleic acid. Hemp seed, rapeseed, mustard seed and walnut oils had the most favourable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios. Oils with fatty acid composition close to that recommended were rapeseed oil, mustard seed oil (without erucic acid) and camelina oil. Erucic acid, which may be potentially harmful to health at high levels of chronic exposure, was detected in rapeseed, mustard seed and camelina oil. The oils and fats differed in intensities of their sweet taste and various descriptors of aroma. Sensory analysis rendered certain samples as unsuitable for human consumption due to the presence of fusty odour and aroma. In the majority of samples, lipid peroxide levels exceeded the maximum permitted levels and should be excluded from the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of commercial chestnut (CWE) and quebracho (QUE) extract at different inclusion levels to soybean meal (SBM) on the in vitro degradability and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were evaluated. Samples were prepared by mixing 0 (CON), 15, 30, and 60 g/kg of CWE and QUE with SBM, soaked in water overnight at room temperature, dried, and ground. Samples were incubated in duplicate in buffered rumen fluid for 24 hr at 39°C. In vitro rumen degradability of DM and CP of tannin‐treated SBM decreased with increasing quantities of tannins, especially with CWE‐treated SBM. In vitro abomasal (pepsin‐HCl) digestibility of the DM and CP was only slightly suppressed. As a result, rumen by‐pass protein (BP‐CP) increased with increased quantities of tannins, especially with CWE‐treated SBM. In comparison with nontreated SBM, the BP‐CP digestibility did not decrease, except with the highest quantity of QUE. Treatment of the SBM with tannins, especially with CWE, increased flow of the undegraded protein to the abomasum, suggesting the better supply of the ruminant animal with amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that evaluate influence of two alternative housing systems and dietary supplementation of fresh nettle in broiler diets on fatty acid composition of Redbro broilers and the research investigated the impact of dietary supplementation of fresh nettle in broiler diets.

The influence of the addition of hop cones on oxidative stability of feed mixtures during their storage and on oxidative status of broilers was investigated. 84 chickens Ross 308 were divided in 3 experimental groups in the nutritional experiment. With feed the chickens consumed 7.5% linseed oil, which is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), thereby causing an increase in oxidative stress. No hops (control group, KONT), 0.9 (HMELJ_0,9) or 3.6 (HMELJ_3,6) hops g/kg feed was added in feed mixtures. Stability testing of - and -acids in hops and feed mixtures during aging has shown that storage temperature and hop variety are very important factors. We monitored the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in feed mixtures and effect of hop addition on the oxidation of lipids in the chickens blood plasma, which was evaluated by monitoring the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In feed mixtures finisher higher concentration of MDA was measured in comparison to feed mixtures starter. The highest concentration of MDA was determined in the feed mixture HMELJ_3,6, which induced oxidation of lipids and increased the concentration of MDA in the blood plasma of chickens. Depending on the content of MDA in feed mixtures and in the chickens' blood plasma, we found that in the PUFA enriched feed, hop acts as prooxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND Hop cones contain several antimicrobial substances. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two hop varieties, Aurora and Dana, on substrate (diet for a dairy cow, producing 30 kg milk daily) in vitro dry matter ( DM) and crude protein ( CP) degradability and digestibility. RESULTS In the in vitro trial freshly ground hops were added to the buffered rumen fluid in concentrations simulating the cow's daily intake of 50, 100 and 200 g of hops. Increasing the concentration of hops decreased ( P < 0.05) both the average in vitro DM degradabilities of substrate from 725 to 592, 553 and 481 g kg−1, respectively, and in vitro CP degradabilities of substrate from 752 to 566, 561 and 478 g kg−1, respectively. The reduction of in vitro DM and CP degradability is counterbalanced by the (invariable) in vitro DM and CP digestibility. The difference between CP digestibility and degradability represents an estimate of the amount of rumen 'bypass' protein which increased with increasing concentration of hops from 172 to 454 g kg−1. CONCLUSIONS Decreased DM and CP degradability and increased amount of rumen 'bypass' protein could lower the amounts of protein required by high-producing ruminant animals. However, this supposition needs a validation with in vivo trials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Olive polyphenols exert many favorable properties, such as an antioxidative effect in humans, but are poorly studied in animals, especially in pigs. Therefore, we conducted a trial including olive leaf extract (OLE), which is rich in polyphenols, in pigs fed a linseed oil-enriched diet, which is a known cause of postprandial oxidative stress. OLE exerted some antioxidative effects in piglets fed a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet without any negative effects, even when included in a higher concentration than that proposed for humans. Additionally, the inclusion of OLE did not compromise the zootechnical performance of the piglets as in the case of the dietary inclusion of olive leaves. Therefore, OLE could be used as an effective feed additive for beneficial effects on intestinal health and meat quality, among others. The aim of the current study was to assess the antioxidative effects of the dietary supplementation of olive leaf extract (OLE) in different concentrations compared to those of vitamin E in piglets under conditions of dietary n-3 PUFA-induced oxidative stress. Forty-eight castrated male piglets (10.6 ± 0.99 kg) were fed the following experimental diets: Cont− (low-fat diet, no supplement), Cont+ (high linseed oil diet, no supplement), Vit-E (as Cont+, 105 IU vitamin E/day), OLE-1 (as Cont+, 3.84 mg hydroxytyrosol equivalents (HEQs)/day), OLE-2 (as Cont+, 38.4 mg HEQ/day), and OLE-3 (as Cont+, 96 mg HEQ/day). After 21 days of feeding, the experimental diets, blood and urine samples were collected to assess the extent of the oxidative stress. Results indicated that diet OLE-1 lowered the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, protected DNA (measured as DNA tail %) and altered urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Dietary vitamin E lowered the levels of urinary F2-isoprostanes, as well as of plasma malondialdehyde and γ-tocopherol, but raised the plasmatic α-tocopherol and altered the level of urinary 8-OHdG. In conclusion, only minor positive effects of dietary OLE on the oxidative stress parameters were observed. Additionally, OLE did not show concentration dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]