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191 results on '"Levin, Henry L."'

9. Retrotransposon insertions associated with risk of neurologic and psychiatric diseases.

Author

Ahn, Hyo Won, Worman, Zelia F, Lechsinska, Arianna, Payer, Lindsay M, Wang, Tongguang, Malik, Nasir, Li, Wenxue, Burns, Kathleen H, Nath, Avindra, and Levin, Henry L

Abstract

Transposable elements (TEs) are active in neuronal cells raising the question whether TE insertions contribute to risk of neuropsychiatric disease. While genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) serve as a tool to discover genetic loci associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, unfortunately GWAS do not directly detect structural variants such as TEs. To examine the role of TEs in psychiatric and neurologic disease, we evaluated 17,000 polymorphic TEs and find 76 are in linkage disequilibrium with disease haplotypes (P < 10−6) defined by GWAS. From these 76 polymorphic TEs, we identify potentially causal candidates based on having insertions in genomic regions of regulatory chromatin and on having associations with altered gene expression in brain tissues. We show that lead candidate insertions have regulatory effects on gene expression in human neural stem cells altering the activity of a minimal promoter. Taken together, we identify 10 polymorphic TE insertions that are potential candidates on par with other variants for having a causal role in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Synopsis: This study reviews 17,000 polymorphic transposable elements and identifies insertions genetically associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Features of lead examples are on par with other variants for having a causal role in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. We identify polymorphic transposable elements that are genetically linked to risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.Lead transposable element insertions have regulatory activity in a promoter assay tested in human neural stem cells.Polymorphic transposable elements are associated with altered expression of potential disease genes in neurologic tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Host genome surveillance for retrotrans-posons by transposon-derived proteins

Author

Cam, Hugh P., Noma, Ken-ichi, Ebina, Hirotaka, Levin, Henry L., and Grewal, Shiv I.S.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Transposable elements and their remnants constitute a substantial fraction of eukaryotic genomes. Host genomes have evolved defence mechanisms, including chromatin modifications and RNA interference, to regulate transposable elements. Here we [...]

Published
2008

17. The hermes transposon of Musca domestica is an efficient tool for the mutagenesis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author

Evertts, Adam G., Plymire, Christopher, Craig, Nancy L., and Levin, Henry L.

Subjects
Transposons -- Properties, Housefly -- Genetic aspects, Mutagenesis -- Research, Yeast fungi -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Currently, no transposon-based method for the mutagenesis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe exists. We have developed such a system based on the introduction of the hermes transposon from the housefly into S. pombe. This system efficiently disrupts open reading frames and allows the insertion sites to be readily identified.

Published
2007

21. It's prime time for reverse transcriptase

Author

Levin, Henry L.

Subjects
Genetic transcription -- Evaluation, DNA -- Research, Reverse transcriptase -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Reverse transcriptases (RTs) have a significant role in the propagation of several genetic elements. They duplicate the RNA genomes of retroviruses and long terminal repeat transposons into double stranded DNA that has to be integrated into the host genome to ensure proliferation. Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-like materials are non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons that also require RT.

Published
1997

22. Fitness Landscape of the Fission Yeast Genome

Author

Grech, Leanne, primary, Jeffares, Daniel C, additional, Sadée, Christoph Y, additional, Rodríguez-López, María, additional, Bitton, Danny A, additional, Hoti, Mimoza, additional, Biagosch, Carolina, additional, Aravani, Dimitra, additional, Speekenbrink, Maarten, additional, Illingworth, Christopher J R, additional, Schiffer, Philipp H, additional, Pidoux, Alison L, additional, Tong, Pin, additional, Tallada, Victor A, additional, Allshire, Robin, additional, Levin, Henry L, additional, and Bähler, Jürg, additional

Published
2019
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24. Fitness Landscape of the Fission Yeast Genome

Author

Grech, Leanne, primary, Jeffares, Daniel Charlton, additional, Sadée, Christoph Yves, additional, Rodríguez-López, María, additional, Bitton, Danny Asher, additional, Hoti, Mimoza, additional, Biagosch, Carolina, additional, Aravani, Dimitra, additional, Speekenbrink, Maarten, additional, Illingworth, Christopher J. R., additional, Schiffer, Philipp H., additional, Pidoux, Alison L., additional, Tong, Pin, additional, Tallada, Victor A., additional, Allshire, Robin, additional, Levin, Henry L., additional, and Bähler, Jürg, additional

Published
2018
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27. Chromodomains direct integration of retrotransposons to heterochromatin

Author

Xiang Gao, Yi Hou, Ebina, Hirotaka, Levin, Henry L., and Voytas, Daniel F.

Subjects
Amino acid sequence -- Usage, Chromosomes -- Research, Chromosomes -- Genetic aspects, Retrotransposons -- Research, Transposons -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

Three groups of chromoviruses are described, based on amino acid sequence relationships of their integrase C termini. Findings indicate that retrotransposon chromodomains can bind integration complexes to heterochromatin leading to targeted integration.

Published
2008

29. LEDGF/p75 interacts with mRNA splicing factors and targets HIV-1 integration to highly spliced genes

Author

Singh, Parmit Kumar, primary, Plumb, Matthew R., additional, Ferris, Andrea L., additional, Iben, James R., additional, Wu, Xiaolin, additional, Fadel, Hind J., additional, Luke, Brian T., additional, Esnault, Caroline, additional, Poeschla, Eric M., additional, Hughes, Stephen H., additional, Kvaratskhelia, Mamuka, additional, and Levin, Henry L., additional

Published
2015
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32. Retrotransposons and their recognition of pol II promoters: a comprehensive survey of the transposable elements from the complete genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author

Bowen, Nathan J., Jordan, I. King, Epstein, Jonathan A., Wood, Valerie, and Levin, Henry L.

Subjects
Chromosomes -- Genetic aspects, Chromosomes -- Physiological aspects, DNA -- Genetic aspects, Nucleotide sequence -- Genetic aspects, Retrotransposons -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research -- Analysis, Genomes -- Research, Health
Abstract

Research has been conducted on transposon sequences. The authors present the analysis of these sequences throughout Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome, the study of the transposable elements and their association with specific sequences, the transposable elements' chromosomal distribution and evolution.

Published
2003

33. Transposable element insertions in fission yeast drive adaptation to environmental stress

Author

Esnault, Caroline, Lee, Michael, Ham, Chloe, and Levin, Henry L.

Abstract

Cells are regularly exposed to a range of naturally occurring stress that can restrict growth or cause lethality. In response, cells activate expression networks with hundreds of genes that together increase resistance to common environmental insults. However, stress response networks can be insufficient to ensure survival, which raises the question of whether cells possess genetic programs that can promote adaptation to novel forms of stress. We found transposable element (TE) mobility in Schizosaccharomyces pombewas greatly increased when cells were exposed to unusual forms of stress such as heavy metals, caffeine, and the plasticizer phthalate. By subjecting TE-tagged cells to CoCl2, we found the TE integration provided the major path to resistance. Groups of insertions that provided resistance were linked to TOR regulation and metal response genes. We extended our study of adaptation by analyzing TE positions in 57 genetically distinct wild strains. The genomic positions of 1048 polymorphic LTRs were strongly associated with a range of stress response genes, indicating TE integration promotes adaptation in natural conditions. These data provide strong support for the idea, first proposed by Barbara McClintock, that TEs provide a system to modify the genome in response to stress.

Published
2019
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34. Mobile genetic elements and genome evolution 2014

Author

Singh, Parmit Kumar, primary, Bourque, Guillaume, additional, Craig, Nancy L, additional, Dubnau, Josh T, additional, Feschotte, Cédric, additional, Flasch, Diane A, additional, Gunderson, Kevin L, additional, Malik, Harmit Singh, additional, Moran, John V, additional, Peters, Joseph E, additional, Slotkin, R Keith, additional, and Levin, Henry L, additional

Published
2014
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38. A long terminal repeat retrotransposon of Schizosaccharomyces japonicus integrates upstream of RNA pol III transcribed genes.

Author

Yabin Guo, Singh, Parmit Kumar, and Levin, Henry L.

Subjects
RETROTRANSPOSONS, SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES pombe, RNA, GENES, GENOMES
Abstract

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) are common constituents of centromeres. However, it is not known what causes this relationship. Schizosaccharomyces japonicus contains 10 families of Long Terminal Repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons and these elements cluster in centromeres and telomeres. In the related yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe LTR-retrotransposons Tf1 and Tf2 are distributed in the promoter regions of RNA pol II transcribed genes. Sequence analysis of TEs indicates that Tj1 of S. japonicus is related to Tf1 and Tf2, and uses the same mechanism of self-primed reverse transcription. Thus, we wondered why these related retrotransposons localized in different regions of the genome. Results: To characterize the integration behavior of Tj1 we expressed it in S. pombe. We found Tj1 was active and capable of generating de novo integration in the chromosomes of S. pombe. The expression of Tj1 is similar to Type C retroviruses in that a stop codon at the end of Gag must be present for efficient integration. 17 inserts were sequenced, 13 occurred within 12 bp upstream of tRNA genes and 3 occurred at other RNA pol III transcribed genes. The link between Tj1 integration and RNA pol III transcription is reminiscent of Ty3, an LTR-retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that interacts with TFIIIB and integrates upstream of tRNA genes. Conclusion: The integration of Tj1 upstream of tRNA genes and the centromeric clustering of tRNA genes in S. japonicus demonstrate that the clustering of this TE in centromere sequences is due to a unique pattern of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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